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1
Silverman, David. "Sensorimotor enactivism and temporal experience." Adaptive Behavior 21, no. 3 (2013): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059712313482802.
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Clark, Andy, and Josefa Toribio. "Sensorimotor chauvinism?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 5 (2001): 979–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01290116.
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While applauding the bulk of the account on offer, we question one apparent implication, namely, that every difference in sensorimotor contingencies corresponds to a difference in conscious visual experience.
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Bridgeman, Bruce. "Violations of sensorimotor theories of visual experience." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, no. 6 (2004): 904–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x04300208.
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Although the sensorimotor account is a significant step forward, it cannot explain experiences of entoptic phenomena that violate normal sensorimotor contingencies but nonetheless are perceived as visual. Nervous system structure limits how they can be interpreted. Neurophysiology, combined with a sensorimotor theory, can account for space constancy by denying the existence of permanent representations of states that must be corrected or updated.
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Petroni, Agustín, Federico Baguear, and Valeria Della-Maggiore. "Motor Resonance May Originate From Sensorimotor Experience." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 4 (2010): 1867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00386.2010.
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In humans, the motor system can be activated by passive observation of actions or static pictures with implied action. The origin of this facilitation is of major interest to the field of motor control. Recently it has been shown that sensorimotor learning can reconfigure the motor system during action observation. Here we tested directly the hypothesis that motor resonance arises from sensorimotor contingencies by measuring corticospinal excitability in response to abstract non-action cues previously associated with an action. Motor evoked potentials were measured from the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) while human subjects observed colored stimuli that had been visually or motorically associated with a finger movement (index or little finger abduction). Corticospinal excitability was higher during the observation of a colored cue that preceded a movement involving the recorded muscle than during the observation of a different colored cue that preceded a movement involving a different muscle. Crucially this facilitation was only observed when the cue was associated with an executed movement but not when it was associated with an observed movement. Our findings provide solid evidence in support of the sensorimotor hypothesis of action observation and further suggest that the physical nature of the observed stimulus mediating this phenomenon may in fact be irrelevant.
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Michaux, Nicolas, Mauro Pesenti, Arnaud Badets, Samuel Di Luca, and Michael Andres. "Let us redeploy attention to sensorimotor experience." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33, no. 4 (2010): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10001251.
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AbstractWith his massive redeployment hypothesis (MRH), Anderson claims that novel cognitive functions are likely to rely on pre-existing circuits already possessing suitable resources. Here, we put forward recent findings from studies in numerical cognition in order to show that the role of sensorimotor experience in the ontogenetical development of a new function has been largely underestimated in Anderson's proposal.
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Roussel, Nathalie Anne, Margot De Kooning, Jo Nijs, Patrick Cras, Kristien Wouters, and Liesbeth Daenen. "The Role of Sensorimotor Incongruence in Pain in Professional Dancers." Motor Control 19, no. 4 (2015): 271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0074.
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This study evaluated whether dancers with pain experience more sensory changes during an experimentally induced sensorimotor incongruent task and explored the relationship between sensorimotor incongruence and self-reported measures (e.g., Short Form 36-questionnaire (SF-36), psychosocial variables and physical activity). Forty-four dancers were subjected to a bimanual coordination test simulating sensorimotor incongruence (i.e., performing congruent and incongruent arm movements while viewing a whiteboard or mirror) and completed standardized questionnaires. Significantly more dancers experienced sensory changes during the performance of incongruent movements while viewing a mirror (p < .01), but the intensity of the reported sensations was very low. No differences were observed between dancers with and without baseline pain, but significant negative associations were found between sensorimotor incongruence and subscores of the SF-36. Sensorimotor incongruence can provoke small sensory changes in dancers but appears unrelated to baseline pain symptoms. Sensorimotor incongruence appears to be related to quality of life.
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Schmidt, Stefan, Gerd Wagner, Martin Walter, and Max-Philipp Stenner. "A Psychophysical Window onto the Subjective Experience of Compulsion." Brain Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020182.
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In this perspective, we follow the idea that an integration of cognitive models with sensorimotor theories of compulsion is required to understand the subjective experience of compulsive action. We argue that cognitive biases in obsessive–compulsive disorder may obscure an altered momentary, pre-reflective experience of sensorimotor control, whose detection thus requires an implicit experimental operationalization. We propose that a classic psychophysical test exists that provides this implicit operationalization, i.e., the intentional binding paradigm. We show how intentional binding can pit two ideas against each other that are fundamental to current sensorimotor theories of compulsion, i.e., the idea of excessive conscious monitoring of action, and the idea that patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder compensate for diminished conscious access to “internal states”, including states of the body, by relying on more readily observable proxies. Following these ideas, we develop concrete, testable hypotheses on how intentional binding changes under the assumption of different sensorimotor theories of compulsion. Furthermore, we demonstrate how intentional binding provides a touchstone for predictive coding accounts of obsessive–compulsive disorder. A thorough empirical test of the hypotheses developed in this perspective could help explain the puzzling, disabling phenomenon of compulsion, with implications for the normal subjective experience of human action.
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Bruderer, Alison G., D. Kyle Danielson, Padmapriya Kandhadai, and Janet F. Werker. "Sensorimotor influences on speech perception in infancy." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 44 (2015): 13531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508631112.
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The influence of speech production on speech perception is well established in adults. However, because adults have a long history of both perceiving and producing speech, the extent to which the perception–production linkage is due to experience is unknown. We addressed this issue by asking whether articulatory configurations can influence infants’ speech perception performance. To eliminate influences from specific linguistic experience, we studied preverbal, 6-mo-old infants and tested the discrimination of a nonnative, and hence never-before-experienced, speech sound distinction. In three experimental studies, we used teething toys to control the position and movement of the tongue tip while the infants listened to the speech sounds. Using ultrasound imaging technology, we verified that the teething toys consistently and effectively constrained the movement and positioning of infants’ tongues. With a looking-time procedure, we found that temporarily restraining infants’ articulators impeded their discrimination of a nonnative consonant contrast but only when the relevant articulator was selectively restrained to prevent the movements associated with producing those sounds. Our results provide striking evidence that even before infants speak their first words and without specific listening experience, sensorimotor information from the articulators influences speech perception. These results transform theories of speech perception by suggesting that even at the initial stages of development, oral–motor movements influence speech sound discrimination. Moreover, an experimentally induced “impairment” in articulator movement can compromise speech perception performance, raising the question of whether long-term oral–motor impairments may impact perceptual development.
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Aytekin, Murat, Cynthia F. Moss, and Jonathan Z. Simon. "A Sensorimotor Approach to Sound Localization." Neural Computation 20, no. 3 (2008): 603–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2007.12-05-094.
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Sound localization is known to be a complex phenomenon, combining multisensory information processing, experience-dependent plasticity, and movement. Here we present a sensorimotor model that addresses the question of how an organism could learn to localize sound sources without any a priori neural representation of its head-related transfer function or prior experience with auditory spatial information. We demonstrate quantitatively that the experience of the sensory consequences of its voluntary motor actions allows an organism to learn the spatial location of any sound source. Using examples from humans and echolocating bats, our model shows that a naive organism can learn the auditory space based solely on acoustic inputs and their relation to motor states.
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Wellsby, Michele, and Penny Pexman. "Learning Labels for Objects: Does Degree of Sensorimotor Experience Matter?" Languages 4, no. 1 (2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages4010003.
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Theories of embodied cognition propose that sensorimotor experience is essential to learning, representing, and accessing conceptual information. Embodied effects have been observed in early child development and adult cognitive processing, but there has been less research examining the role of embodiment in later childhood. We conducted two experiments to test whether degree of sensorimotor experience modulates children’s word learning. In Experiment 1, 5-year-old children learned labels for 10 unfamiliar objects in one of six learning conditions, which varied in how much sensorimotor experience and information about the objects children received. Children’s word learning was assessed with a recognition test. Results indicated that there was no effect of learning condition on recognition accuracy, as children performed equally well in all conditions. In Experiment 2, we modified the stimuli to emphasize the sensory features of the objects; 5-year-old children learned labels for these objects in one of two learning conditions. Once again, there was no effect of learning condition on children’s recognition accuracy performance. Overall, children’s word learning was not modulated by the extent to which they had sensorimotor experience with the labelled objects. As such, the results place some limits on the role of embodiment in language learning.
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SIRIGU, ANGELA, JEAN-RENE DUHAMEL, and MICHEL PONCET. "THE ROLE OF SENSORIMOTOR EXPERIENCE IN OBJECT RECOGNITION." Brain 114, no. 6 (1991): 2555–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/114.6.2555.
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Press, Clare, Helge Gillmeister, and Cecilia Heyes. "Sensorimotor experience enhances automatic imitation of robotic action." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1625 (2007): 2509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0774.
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Recent research in cognitive neuroscience has found that observation of human actions activates the ‘mirror system’ and provokes automatic imitation to a greater extent than observation of non-biological movements. The present study investigated whether this human bias depends primarily on phylogenetic or ontogenetic factors by examining the effects of sensorimotor experience on automatic imitation of non-biological robotic, stimuli. Automatic imitation of human and robotic action stimuli was assessed before and after training. During these test sessions, participants were required to execute a pre-specified response (e.g. to open their hand) while observing a human or robotic hand making a compatible (opening) or incompatible (closing) movement. During training, participants executed opening and closing hand actions while observing compatible (group CT) or incompatible movements (group IT) of a robotic hand. Compatible, but not incompatible, training increased automatic imitation of robotic stimuli (speed of responding on compatible trials, compared with incompatible trials) and abolished the human bias observed at pre-test. These findings suggest that the development of the mirror system depends on sensorimotor experience, and that, in our species, it is biased in favour of human action stimuli because these are more abundant than non-biological action stimuli in typical developmental environments.
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Thompson, Evan. "Sensorimotor subjectivity and the enactive approach to experience." Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 4, no. 4 (2005): 407–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11097-005-9003-x.
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Ohata, Ryu, Tomohisa Asai, Hiroshi Kadota, Hiroaki Shigemasu, Kenji Ogawa, and Hiroshi Imamizu. "Sense of Agency Beyond Sensorimotor Process: Decoding Self-Other Action Attribution in the Human Brain." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 7 (2020): 4076–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa028.
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Abstract The sense of agency is defined as the subjective experience that “I” am the one who is causing the action. Theoretical studies postulate that this subjective experience is developed through multistep processes extending from the sensorimotor to the cognitive level. However, it remains unclear how the brain processes such different levels of information and constitutes the neural substrates for the sense of agency. To answer this question, we combined two strategies: an experimental paradigm, in which self-agency gradually evolves according to sensorimotor experience, and a multivoxel pattern analysis. The combined strategies revealed that the sensorimotor, posterior parietal, anterior insula, and higher visual cortices contained information on self-other attribution during movement. In addition, we investigated whether the found regions showed a preference for self-other attribution or for sensorimotor information. As a result, the right supramarginal gyrus, a portion of the inferior parietal lobe (IPL), was found to be the most sensitive to self-other attribution among the found regions, while the bilateral precentral gyri and left IPL dominantly reflected sensorimotor information. Our results demonstrate that multiple brain regions are involved in the development of the sense of agency and that these show specific preferences for different levels of information.
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Dung, Leonard. "Against the Explanatory Argument for Enactivism." Journal of Consciousness Studies 29, no. 7 (2022): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512201.29.7.057.
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Sensorimotor enactivism is the view that the content and the sensory modality of perceptual experience are determined by implicit knowledge of lawful regularities between bodily movements and patterns of sensory stimulation. A proponent of the explanatory argument for sensorimotor enactivism holds that this view is able to provide an intelligible explanation for why certain material realizers give rise to certain perceptual experiences, while rival accounts cannot close this 'explanatory gap'. However, I argue that the notion of the 'material realizer' of perceptual experience is ambiguous. On a narrow construal, the explanatory gap cannot be bridged, not even by enactivism. On a wide construal, enactivism gets a grip on the explanatory gap, but only to the same extent as established theories of consciousness. Thus, on both horns of the dilemma, the explanatory power of enactivism is not superior to more traditional theories of conscious experience.
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Krotinger, Anna, and Psyche Loui. "Rhythm and groove as cognitive mechanisms of dance intervention in Parkinson’s disease." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0249933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249933.
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with a loss of internal cueing systems, affecting rhythmic motor tasks such as walking and speech production. Music and dance encourage spontaneous rhythmic coupling between sensory and motor systems; this has inspired the development of dance programs for PD. Here we assessed the therapeutic outcome and some underlying cognitive mechanisms of dance classes for PD, as measured by neuropsychological assessments of disease severity as well as quantitative assessments of rhythmic ability and sensorimotor experience. We assessed prior music and dance experience, beat perception (Beat Alignment Test), sensorimotor coupling (tapping to high- and low-groove songs), and disease severity (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale in PD individuals) before and after four months of weekly dance classes. PD individuals performed better on UPDRS after four months of weekly dance classes, suggesting efficacy of dance intervention. Greater post-intervention improvements in UPDRS were associated with the presence of prior dance experience and with more accurate sensorimotor coupling. Prior dance experience was additionally associated with enhanced sensorimotor coupling during tapping to both high-groove and low-groove songs. These results show that dance classes for PD improve both qualitative and quantitative assessments of disease symptoms. The association between these improvements and dance experience suggests that rhythmic motor training, a mechanism underlying dance training, impacts improvements in parkinsonian symptoms following a dance intervention.
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EVANS, A. L. "Does deficient sensorimotor experience affect drawing of human figures?" Pediatric Rehabilitation 3, no. 2 (1999): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/136384999289559.
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Mary, Alison, Mathieu Bourguignon, Vincent Wens, et al. "Aging reduces experience-induced sensorimotor plasticity. A magnetoencephalographic study." NeuroImage 104 (January 2015): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.010.
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Roberts, James W., Orion Katayama, Tiffany Lung, et al. "The modulation of motor contagion by intrapersonal sensorimotor experience." Neuroscience Letters 624 (June 2016): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.063.
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Kaspar, Kai, Sabine König, Jessika Schwandt, and Peter König. "The experience of new sensorimotor contingencies by sensory augmentation." Consciousness and Cognition 28 (August 2014): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2014.06.006.
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Buch, Ethan R., Sook-Lei Liew, and Leonardo G. Cohen. "Plasticity of Sensorimotor Networks." Neuroscientist 23, no. 2 (2016): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858416638641.
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Redundancy is an important feature of the motor system, as abundant degrees of freedom are prominent at every level of organization across the central and peripheral nervous systems, and musculoskeletal system. This basic feature results in a system that is both flexible and robust, and which can be sustainably adapted through plasticity mechanisms in response to intrinsic organismal changes and dynamic environments. While much early work of motor system organization has focused on synaptic-based plasticity processes that are driven via experience, recent investigations of neuron–glia interactions, epigenetic mechanisms and large-scale network dynamics have revealed a plethora of plasticity mechanisms that support motor system organization across multiple, overlapping spatial and temporal scales. Furthermore, an important role of these mechanisms is the regulation of intrinsic variability. Here, we review several of these mechanisms and discuss their potential role in neurorehabilitation.
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Kwon, Mina, and Rashmi Adaval. "Going against the Flow: The Effects of Dynamic Sensorimotor Experiences on Consumer Choice." Journal of Consumer Research 44, no. 6 (2017): 1358–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucx107.
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Abstract Sensorimotor experiences of going against the flow can affect the choices consumers make. Eight experiments show that consumers who experience the sensation of going against the flow pick alternatives that are normatively not preferred (experiments 1a and 1b). These effects are evident only when the sensations are dynamic and self-experienced (experiments 2a and 2b), subjective feelings are elicited (experiments 4a and 4b), and no other objective, external norm information is supplied (experiment 5). Experiences of going against the flow typically involve both movement and direction and are represented in memory schematically. Re-experiencing these sensations leads to the activation of this schematic representation and elicits a feeling-based behavioral disposition to do something different, or to go against one’s initial inclination (experiment 3), leading participants to pick an option that is normatively not preferred.
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Pylyshyn, Zenon W. "Seeing, acting, and knowing." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 5 (2001): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01510110.
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The target article proposes that visual experience arises when sensorimotor contingencies are exploited in perception. This novel analysis of visual experience fares no better than the other proposals that the article rightly dismisses, and for the same reasons. Extracting invariants may be needed for recognition, but it is neither necessary nor sufficient for having a visual experience. While the idea that vision involves the active extraction of sensorimotor invariants has merit, it does not replace the need for perceptual representations. Vision is not just for the immediate controlling of action; it is also for finding out about the world, from which inferences may be drawn and beliefs changed.
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Rozhkov, Anton, Anton Popov, and Vitaliy Balahonskiy. "Subjective factors affecting gun shooting accuracy among employees of internal affairs agencies in process of learning." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2020, no. 4 (2020): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2020-4-198-206.
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The article is devoted to the study of subjective factors affecting shooting accuracy of law enforcement officers. The empirical study identified some subjective factors reducing gun shooting accuracy and effectiveness among law enforcers. These characteristics include sensorimotor coordination and subjective experience of stress during the shooting process. Scientific analysis made it possible to determine statistical significance of the influence of these factors on the accuracy of shooting. To increase the effectiveness of shooting among officers with a low index of sensorimotor coordination, the authors suggest using exercises aimed at cultivating sensorimotor coordination in fire training classes. While working with employees being under a high level of subjectively experienced stress, more attention should be paid to training techniques to overcome stress and form intelligent behavior in extreme situations. The authors also draw readers’ attention to factors increasing the effectiveness of shooting: officers’ ability to determine the subjective level of stress, their knowledge of emotional self-regulation techniques, knowledge of the sequence of their actions in the firing line.
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O'Regan, J. Kevin, and Alva Noë. "A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 5 (2001): 939–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01000115.
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Many current neurophysiological, psychophysical, and psychological approaches to vision rest on the idea that when we see, the brain produces an internal representation of the world. The activation of this internal representation is assumed to give rise to the experience of seeing. The problem with this kind of approach is that it leaves unexplained how the existence of such a detailed internal representation might produce visual consciousness. An alternative proposal is made here. We propose that seeing is a way of acting. It is a particular way of exploring the environment. Activity in internal representations does not generate the experience of seeing. The outside world serves as its own, external, representation. The experience of seeing occurs when the organism masters what we call the governing laws of sensorimotor contingency. The advantage of this approach is that it provides a natural and principled way of accounting for visual consciousness, and for the differences in the perceived quality of sensory experience in the different sensory modalities. Several lines of empirical evidence are brought forward in support of the theory, in particular: evidence from experiments in sensorimotor adaptation, visual “filling in,” visual stability despite eye movements, change blindness, sensory substitution, and color perception.
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Zhang, Qian, and Xuehua An. "Sensorimotor Grounding of Chinese Novel Concepts Constructed From Language Alone." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 12, no. 5 (2022): 957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1205.17.
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The embodied cognitive view of language asserts that concepts are grounded in sensorimotor experience. In support of this assumption, previous studies have shown that the response times were faster when the movement direction of participants is congruent with the referent position of presented words than that under incongruent condition. This is thought to be evidence that processing these words reactivates sensorimotor experiential traces. Extrapolating from this view, this study aims to explore how concepts without direct experience can be grounded. Participants learned novel concepts related to upward or downward concepts only through a two-sentence description and learned randomly paired novel words. In both experiments, participants judged the sensibility of sentences by upward or downward movements, with the sentences containing novel concepts in Experiment 1 and containing novel words in Experiment 2. Both two experiments found the congruency effect, indicating that when understanding a sentence containing a novel concept or novel word, the sensorimotor experience of the already known concepts in description had been activated automatically, thus realizing the indirect grounding of the novel concept.
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Petrenko, M. I., K. I. Pavlov, A. V. Syrtsev, A. N. Archimuk, V. N. Mukhin, and V. N. Sysoev. "Physiological characteristics of cognitive functions of cadets with military-training experience." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 21, no. 2 (2019): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma25939.
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Investigation of physiological mechanisms of cognitive functions and efficiency of cognitive activity is the major problem of military service psychophysiology. We have studied the effect of military-training experience on cognitive functions, heart rate variability and bioelectrical activity of sensorimotor cortex of cadets. Cadets with military-training experience from Suvorov Military (quantity of errors in Shulte’s test (0,16±0,57) in comparison with the cadets without military-training experience (0,54±1,08) (F=4,7; p=0,03). Cadets from Suvorov Military School had a higher quantity of false start (46,36±17,68) and lower quantity of retardation (86,39±17,44) on visual stimulus of test «Reaction on moving object». Cadets without military-training experience had quantity of false start - 38,04±18,95 (F=5,8; p=0,02) and quantity of retardation - 100,48±20,37 (F=15,1; p=0,001). Cadets with military-training experience solved a lower quantity of tasks in the test «Hours with rotation» (26,18±6,71) in comparison with the cadets without military-training experience (29,10±7,89; F=4,3; p=0,04). The maximum time of solving one task at cadets with military-training experience is more (38,07±10,66 sec) than at cadets without military-training experience (34,07±10,57 sec; F=4,0; p=0,05). Cadets with military-training experience had lower heart rate, the higher standard deviation of R-R-intervals and variation range, high level of relative power in the high-frequency spectral bound. They had high activity of sensorimotor cortex of right cerebral hemisphere in the tests with the switching of attention and had low activity of sensorimotor cortex of left cerebral hemisphere in the test with arithmetic tasks.
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Ferri, Francesca, Francesca Frassinetti, Martina Ardizzi, Marcello Costantini, and Vittorio Gallese. "A Sensorimotor Network for the Bodily Self." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 7 (2012): 1584–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00230.
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Neuroscientists and philosophers, among others, have long questioned the contribution of bodily experience to the constitution of self-consciousness. Contemporary research answers this question by focusing on the notions of sense of agency and/or sense of ownership. Recently, however, it has been proposed that the bodily self might also be rooted in bodily motor experience, that is, in the experience of oneself as instantiating a bodily structure that enables a specific range of actions. In the current fMRI study, we tested this hypothesis by making participants undergo a hand laterality judgment task, which is known to be solved by simulating a motor rotation of one's own hand. The stimulus to be judged was either the participant's own hand or the hand of a stranger. We used this task to investigate whether mental rotation of pictures depicting one's own hands leads to a different activation of the sensorimotor areas as compared with the mental rotation of pictures depicting another's hand. We revealed a neural network for the general representation of the bodily self encompassing the SMA and pre-SMA, the anterior insula, and the occipital cortex, bilaterally. Crucially, the representation of one's own dominant hand turned out to be primarily confined to the left premotor cortex. Our data seem to support the existence of a sense of bodily self encased within the sensorimotor system. We propose that such a sensorimotor representation of the bodily self might help us to differentiate our own body from that of others.
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Griffin, Ashley, Shauna-Kay Spencer, Teylor Bowles, et al. "Male HELLP pups experience sensorimotor delays and reduced body weight." Physiology & Behavior 241 (November 2021): 113567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113567.
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Stupacher, Jan. "The experience of flow during sensorimotor synchronization to musical rhythms." Musicae Scientiae 23, no. 3 (2019): 348–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864919836720.
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Sensorimotor integration tasks, such as body movements in time with music, can foster the experience of flow – a pleasurable state of full engagement and concentration occurring during a seemingly effortless and automatic activity. As it can be argued that both music and flow are embodied phenomena, perception-action coupling might be the core of the intimate relationship between flow and music. The current study examines the relationship between the subjective experience of flow and sensorimotor synchronization accuracy/stability in a finger-tapping task with music. In a between-subjects design, participants tapped in time with the beat of music clips with either low, medium, or high rhythmic complexity. After the tapping task, they rated their flow state on the Flow Short Scale with the two subscales fluency of performance and absorption by activity. Tapping accuracy and stability were assessed by the circular variance and the SD of inter-tap-intervals (ITIs), respectively. Both tapping accuracy and stability were significantly correlated with fluency of performance for music clips with medium and high rhythmic complexity, but not for music clips with low rhythmic complexity. No significant correlations were found between tapping accuracy/stability and absorption by activity. The findings add to evidence that perception-action coupling plays a key role in explaining the relationship between flow experience and musical activities. They also suggest that absorption by activity is not as relevant to the experience of flow during musical activities as one might initially assume.
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Fisher, Yvette E., Jenny Lu, Isabel D’Alessandro, and Rachel I. Wilson. "Sensorimotor experience remaps visual input to a heading-direction network." Nature 576, no. 7785 (2019): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1772-4.
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Sober, S. J., and M. S. Brainard. "Vocal learning is constrained by the statistics of sensorimotor experience." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 51 (2012): 21099–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1213622109.
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Laflaquière, Alban. "Grounding the experience of a visual field through sensorimotor contingencies." Neurocomputing 268 (December 2017): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2016.11.085.
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Bellebaum, Christian, Marco Tettamanti, Elisa Marchetta, et al. "Neural representations of unfamiliar objects are modulated by sensorimotor experience." Cortex 49, no. 4 (2013): 1110–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2012.03.023.
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Pazzaglia, Mariella. "The Role of Body in Brain Plasticity." Brain Sciences 12, no. 2 (2022): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020277.
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Weech, Séamas, Jessy Parokaran Varghese, and Michael Barnett-Cowan. "Estimating the sensorimotor components of cybersickness." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 5 (2018): 2201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00477.2018.
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The user base of the virtual reality (VR) medium is growing, and many of these users will experience cybersickness. Accounting for the vast interindividual variability in cybersickness forms a pivotal step in solving the issue. Most studies of cybersickness focus on a single factor (e.g., balance, sex, or vection), while other contributors are overlooked. Here, we characterize the complex relationship between cybersickness and several measures of sensorimotor processing. In a single session, we conducted a battery of tests of balance control, vection responses, and vestibular sensitivity to self-motion. Following this, we measured cybersickness after VR exposure. We constructed a principal components regression model using the measures of sensorimotor processing. The model significantly predicted 37% of the variability in cybersickness measures, with 16% of this variance being accounted for by a principal component that represented balance control measures. The strongest predictor was participants’ sway path length during vection, which was inversely related to cybersickness [ r(28) = −0.53, P = 0.002] and uniquely accounted for 7.5% of the variance in cybersickness scores across participants. Vection strength reports and measures of vestibular sensitivity were not significant predictors of cybersickness. We discuss the possible role of sensory reweighting in cybersickness that is suggested by these results, and we identify other factors that may account for the remaining variance in cybersickness. The results reiterate that the relationship between balance control and cybersickness is anything but straightforward. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The advent of consumer virtual reality provides a pressing need for interventions that combat sickness in simulated environments (cybersickness). This research builds on multiple theories of cybersickness etiology to develop a predictive model that distinguishes between individuals who are/are not likely to experience cybersickness. In the future this approach can be adapted to provide virtual reality users with curated content recommendations based on more efficient measurements of sensorimotor processing.
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Banaschewski, Tobias, Ferdinand Besmens, Henning Zieger, and Aribert Rothenberger. "Evaluation of Sensorimotor Training in Children with Adhd." Perceptual and Motor Skills 92, no. 1 (2001): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2001.92.1.137.
Full textAbstract:
Reduced ability to regulate motor behavior seems to be an essential aspect of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and may reflect deficits in behavioral response inhibition. In this respect, pragmatic clinical experience over the last two decades, in daily practice, training of motor control has played an important role within multimodal treatment approaches, although an adequate proof of its efficacy is still lacking. Therefore, to examine the efficacy of sensorimotor training, 12 children with ADHD (two groups of six) were treated with both sensorimotor training and (as control) cognitive behavioral training using a within-subject cross-over design. Each treatment had a duration of 4 months (20 sessions), yielding a total of 40 sessions for the completed cross-over design. Results showed that Sensorimotor Training improved sensorimotor coordination slightly, while Cognitive Behavioral Training ameliorated cognitive impulse control. Hyperactivity and anxious-depressive/aggressive behavior were markedly reduced by Sensorimotor Training but not by Cognitive Behavioral Training. In conclusion, a combined treatment may be recommended since compensation and regulation of inhibitory deficits in ADHD come into play within the framework of both kinds of training.
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Striem-Amit, Ella, Gilles Vannuscorps, and Alfonso Caramazza. "Plasticity based on compensatory effector use in the association but not primary sensorimotor cortex of people born without hands." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 30 (2018): 7801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803926115.
Full textAbstract:
What forces direct brain organization and its plasticity? When brain regions are deprived of their input, which regions reorganize based on compensation for the disability and experience, and which regions show topographically constrained plasticity? People born without hands activate their primary sensorimotor hand region while moving body parts used to compensate for this disability (e.g., their feet). This was taken to suggest a neural organization based on functions, such as performing manual-like dexterous actions, rather than on body parts, in primary sensorimotor cortex. We tested the selectivity for the compensatory body parts in the primary and association sensorimotor cortex of people born without hands (dysplasic individuals). Despite clear compensatory foot use, the primary sensorimotor hand area in the dysplasic subjects showed preference for adjacent body parts that are not compensatorily used as effectors. This suggests that function-based organization, proposed for congenital blindness and deafness, does not apply to the primary sensorimotor cortex deprivation in dysplasia. These findings stress the roles of neuroanatomical constraints like topographical proximity and connectivity in determining the functional development of primary cortex even in extreme, congenital deprivation. In contrast, increased and selective foot movement preference was found in dysplasics’ association cortex in the inferior parietal lobule. This suggests that the typical motor selectivity of this region for manual actions may correspond to high-level action representations that are effector-invariant. These findings reveal limitations to compensatory plasticity and experience in modifying brain organization of early topographical cortex compared with association cortices driven by function-based organization.
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Narain, Devika, Robert J. van Beers, Jeroen B. J. Smeets, and Eli Brenner. "Sensorimotor priors in nonstationary environments." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 5 (2013): 1259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00605.2012.
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In the course of its interaction with the world, the human nervous system must constantly estimate various variables in the surrounding environment. Past research indicates that environmental variables may be represented as probabilistic distributions of a priori information (priors). Priors for environmental variables that do not change much over time have been widely studied. Little is known, however, about how priors develop in environments with nonstationary statistics. We examine whether humans change their reliance on the prior based on recent changes in environmental variance. Through experimentation, we obtain an online estimate of the human sensorimotor prior (prediction) and then compare it to similar online predictions made by various nonadaptive and adaptive models. Simulations show that models that rapidly adapt to nonstationary components in the environments predict the stimuli better than models that do not take the changing statistics of the environment into consideration. We found that adaptive models best predict participants' responses in most cases. However, we find no support for the idea that this is a consequence of increased reliance on recent experience just after the occurrence of a systematic change in the environment.
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Ferris, Jennifer K., Sue Peters, Katlyn E. Brown, Katherine Tourigny, and Lara A. Boyd. "Type-2 diabetes mellitus reduces cortical thickness and decreases oxidative metabolism in sensorimotor regions after stroke." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 38, no. 5 (2017): 823–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x17703887.
Full textAbstract:
Individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus experience poor motor outcomes after ischemic stroke. Recent research suggests that type-2 diabetes adversely impacts neuronal integrity and function, yet little work has considered how these neuronal changes affect sensorimotor outcomes after stroke. Here, we considered how type-2 diabetes impacted the structural and metabolic function of the sensorimotor cortex after stroke using volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). We hypothesized that the combination of chronic stroke and type-2 diabetes would negatively impact the integrity of sensorimotor cortex as compared to individuals with chronic stroke alone. Compared to stroke alone, individuals with stroke and diabetes had lower cortical thickness bilaterally in the primary somatosensory cortex, and primary and secondary motor cortices. Individuals with stroke and diabetes also showed reduced creatine levels bilaterally in the sensorimotor cortex. Contralesional primary and secondary motor cortex thicknesses were negatively related to sensorimotor outcomes in the paretic upper-limb in the stroke and diabetes group such that those with thinner primary and secondary motor cortices had better motor function. These data suggest that type-2 diabetes alters cerebral energy metabolism, and is associated with thinning of sensorimotor cortex after stroke. These factors may influence motor outcomes after stroke.
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Wnuk, Ewelina, and Yuma Ito. "The heart’s downward path to happiness: cross-cultural diversity in spatial metaphors of affect." Cognitive Linguistics 32, no. 2 (2021): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2020-0068.
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Abstract Spatial metaphors of affect display remarkable consistencies across languages in mapping sensorimotor experiences onto emotional states, reflecting a great degree of similarity in how our bodies register affect. At the same time, however, affect is complex and there is more than a single possible mapping from vertical spatial concepts to affective states. Here we consider a previously unreported case of spatial metaphors mapping down onto desirable, and up undesirable emotional experiences in Mlabri, an Austroasiatic language of Thailand and Laos, making a novel contribution to the study of metaphor and Cognitive Linguistics. Using first-hand corpus and elicitation data, we examine the metaphorical expressions: klol jur ‘heart going down’ and klol khɯn ‘heart going up’/klol kɔbɔ jur ‘heart not going down’. Though reflecting a metaphorical mapping opposite to the commonly reported happy is up metaphor, which is said to link to universal bodily correlates of emotion, the Mlabri metaphors are far from idiosyncratic. Rather, they are grounded in the bodily experience of positive low-arousal states, and in that reflect an emic view of ideal affect centered on contentment and tranquility. This underscores the complexity of bodily experience of affect, demonstrating that cultures draw on the available sensorimotor correlates of emotion in distinct ways.
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Makin, Tamar R., Jan Scholz, Nicola Filippini, David Henderson Slater, Irene Tracey, and Heidi Johansen-Berg. "Can maladaptive cortical plasticity form new sensory experiences? Revisiting phantom pain." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x647667.
Full textAbstract:
Phantom pain has become an influential example of maladaptive cortical plasticity. According to this model, sensory deprivation following limb amputation allows for intra-regional invasion of neighbouring cortical representations into the former hand area of the primary sensorimotor cortex, which gives rise to pain sensations. Over the years, this model was extended to explain other disorders of pain, motor control and tinnitus, and has inspired rehabilitation strategies. Yet, other research, demonstrating that phantom hand representation is maintained in the sensorimotor system, and that phantom pain can be triggered by bottom-up aberrant inputs, may call this model to question. Using fMRI, we identified the cortical area representing the missing hand in a group of 18 arm amputees. This allowed us to directly study changes in the ‘phantom’ cortex associated with chronic phantom pain, using functional connectivity and voxel-based morphometry. We show that, while loss of sensory input is generally characterized by structural degeneration of the deprived sensorimotor cortex, the experience of persistent pain was associated with preserved intra-regional structure and functional organization. Furthermore, consistent with the dissociative nature of phantom sensations from other sensory experiences, phantom pain is also associated with reduced long-range inter-regional functional connectivity. We propose that this disrupted inter-regional connectivity may be consequential, rather than causal, of the retained yet isolated local representation of phantom pain. We therefore propose that, contrary to the maladaptive model, cortical plasticity occurs when powerful and long-lasting subjective sensory experience, most likely due to peripheral inputs, is decoupled from the external sensory environment.
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Zhang, Dongyang, James M. Johnston, Michael D. Fox, et al. "Preoperative Sensorimotor Mapping in Brain Tumor Patients Using Spontaneous Fluctuations in Neuronal Activity Imaged With Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Initial Experience." Operative Neurosurgery 65, suppl_6 (2009): ons226—ons236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000350868.95634.ca.
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Abstract Objective: To describe initial experience with resting-state correlation mapping as a potential aid for presurgical planning of brain tumor resection. Methods: Resting-state blood oxygenation-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were acquired in 17 healthy young adults and 4 patients with brain tumors invading sensorimotor cortex. Conventional fMRI motor mapping (finger-tapping protocol) was also performed in the patients. Intraoperatively, motor hand area was mapped using cortical stimulation. Results: Robust and consistent delineation of sensorimotor cortex was obtained using the resting-state blood oxygenation-dependent data. Resting-state functional mapping localized sensorimotor areas consistent with cortical stimulation mapping and in all patients performed as well as or better than task-based fMRI. Conclusion: Resting-state correlation mapping is a promising tool for reliable functional localization of eloquent cortex. This method compares well with “gold standard” cortical stimulation mapping and offers several advantages compared with conventional motor mapping fMRI.
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Gong, Diankun, Weiyi Ma, Jinnan Gong, et al. "Action Video Game Experience Related to Altered Large-Scale White Matter Networks." Neural Plasticity 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7543686.
Full textAbstract:
With action video games (AVGs) becoming increasingly popular worldwide, the cognitive benefits of AVG experience have attracted continuous research attention over the past two decades. Research has repeatedly shown that AVG experience can causally enhance cognitive ability and is related to neural plasticity in gray matter and functional networks in the brain. However, the relation between AVG experience and the plasticity of white matter (WM) network still remains unclear. WM network modulates the distribution of action potentials, coordinating the communication between brain regions and acting as the framework of neural networks. And various types of cognitive deficits are usually accompanied by impairments of WM networks. Thus, understanding this relation is essential in assessing the influence of AVG experience on neural plasticity and using AVG experience as an interventional tool for impairments of WM networks. Using graph theory, this study analyzed WM networks in AVG experts and amateurs. Results showed that AVG experience is related to altered WM networks in prefrontal networks, limbic system, and sensorimotor networks, which are related to cognitive control and sensorimotor functions. These results shed new light on the influence of AVG experience on the plasticity of WM networks and suggested the clinical applicability of AVG experience.
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Revonsuo, Antti. "Dreaming and the place of consciousness in nature." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 5 (2001): 1000–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01530113.
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The research program defended by O'Regan & Noë (O&N) cannot give any plausible explanation for the fact that during REM-sleep the brain regularly generates subjective experiences (dreams) where visual phenomenology is especially prominent. This internal experience is almost invariably organized in the form of “being-in-the-world.” Dreaming presents a serious unaccountable anomaly for the sensorimotor research program and reveals that some of its fundamental assumptions about the nature of consciousness are questionable.
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Bakkum, Amanda, J. Maxwell Donelan, and Daniel S. Marigold. "Challenging balance during sensorimotor adaptation increases generalization." Journal of Neurophysiology 123, no. 4 (2020): 1342–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00687.2019.
Full textAbstract:
From reaching to walking, real-life experience suggests that people can generalize between motor behaviors. One possible explanation for this generalization is that real-life behaviors often challenge our balance. We propose that the exacerbated body motions associated with balance-challenged whole body movements increase the value to the nervous system of using a comprehensive internal model to control the task. Because it is less customized to a specific task, a more comprehensive model is also a more generalizable model. Here we tested the hypothesis that challenging balance during adaptation would increase generalization of a newly learned internal model. We encouraged participants to learn a new internal model using prism lenses that created a new visuomotor mapping. Four groups of participants adapted to prisms while performing either a standing-based reaching or precision walking task, with or without a manipulation that challenged balance. To assess generalization after the adaptation phase, participants performed a single trial of each of the other groups’ tasks without prisms. We found that both the reaching and walking balance-challenged groups showed significantly greater generalization to the equivalent, nonadapted task than the balance-unchallenged groups. Additionally, we found some evidence that all groups generalized across tasks, for example, from walking to reaching and vice versa, regardless of balance manipulation. Overall, our results demonstrate that challenging balance increases the degree to which a newly learned internal model generalizes to untrained movements. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Real-life experience indicates that people can generalize between motor behaviors. Here we show that challenging balance during the learning of a new internal model increases the degree of generalization to untrained movements for both reaching and walking tasks. These results suggest that the effects of challenging balance are not specific to the task but instead apply to motor learning more broadly.
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Delafield-But, J. "Autism and Panpsychism: Putting Process in Mind." Journal of Consciousness Studies 28, no. 9 (2021): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512201.28.9.076.
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Panpsychism is a metaphysical framework around which science can understand the nature of subjective experience. It affords a scientific view of mind and body as a coherent mindâ–“body unity, with agentive purpose. Fundamental to minds is motor control, a core aspect that combines sensory experience, its evaluation in choice of agent action, and extension into the public expression of intentional movement. This primary mindâ–“body process appears disturbed in autistic individuals. Empirical analysis of the spatio-temporal properties of intentional movement in autism shows a disruption to the efficient prospective integration and control of movement, a core aspect of mind. This paper examines the capacity of a panpsychist metaphysic to explain mind as fundamentally constituted by units of mindâ–“body sensorimotor agency, which can be understood as the basic building blocks of embodied experience. The implications of a post-Cartesian metaphysic in scientific understanding of minds allows for deeper consideration of the role of movement in subjective experience, and its disturbance in autism as a disturbance to the organization of conscious sensorimotor experience and agency. It's impact on modes of cognition and neural substrates is discussed.
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Miyawaki, Yu, Takeshi Otani, and Shu Morioka. "Impaired Relationship between Sense of Agency and Prediction Error Due to Post-Stroke Sensorimotor Deficits." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 12 (2022): 3307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11123307.
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Sense of agency refers to the experience of controlling one’s actions. Studies on healthy people indicated that their self-other attribution can be realized based on prediction error which is an inconsistency between the internal prediction and sensory feedback of the movements. However, studies on patients with post-stroke sensorimotor deficits hypothesized that their self-other attribution can be based on different attribution strategies. This preliminary study examined this hypothesis by investigating whether post-stroke sensorimotor deficits can diminish the correlation between prediction errors and self-other judgments. Participants performed sinusoidal movements with visual feedback and judged if it represented their or another’s movements (i.e., self-other judgment). The results indicated that the patient who had worse upper limb sensorimotor deficits and lesser paretic upper limb activity compared with the other patient made more misattributions and showed a lower correlation between prediction errors and self-other judgments. This finding suggests that post-stroke sensorimotor deficits can impair the relationship between prediction error and self-other attribution, supporting the hypothesis that patients with such deficits can have altered strategies for the registration of agency.
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Chiappe, Dan, and John Vervaeke. "The Experience of Presence in the Mars Exploration Rover Mission." PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality 27, no. 4 (2018): 400–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00337.
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Abstract Scientists working in the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission (2004–2018) reported having a sense of presence on Mars. How is this possible, given that many of the factors underlying presence in mundane situations were absent? We use Riva and Waterworth's (2014) Three-Level model to elucidate how presence was achieved. It distinguishes among proto-presence, core-presence, and extended-presence. We argue that scientists did not experience proto-presence because it requires a tight sensorimotor coupling not available due to the way the rovers were controlled and due to the lengthy delays in getting feedback. Instead, the design of the sociotechnical system made core-presence and extended-presence possible. Extended-presence involved successfully establishing long-term conceptual goals during strategic planning meetings. Core-presence involved enacting short-term tactical goals by carrying out specific actions on particular targets, abstracting away from sensorimotor details. The shift of perspective to the Martian surface was facilitated by team members “becoming the rover,” which allowed them to identify relevant affordances evident in images. We argue, however, that because Mars exploration is a collective activity involving shared agency by a distributed cognitive system, the experience of core- and extended-presence was a collective sense of presence through the rovers.
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Nasir, Sazzad M., Mohammad Darainy, and David J. Ostry. "Sensorimotor adaptation changes the neural coding of somatosensory stimuli." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 8 (2013): 2077–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00719.2012.
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Motor learning is reflected in changes to the brain's functional organization as a result of experience. We show here that these changes are not limited to motor areas of the brain and indeed that motor learning also changes sensory systems. We test for plasticity in sensory systems using somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). A robotic device is used to elicit somatosensory inputs by displacing the arm in the direction of applied force during learning. We observe that following learning there are short latency changes to the response in somatosensory areas of the brain that are reliably correlated with the magnitude of motor learning: subjects who learn more show greater changes in SEP magnitude. The effects we observe are tied to motor learning. When the limb is displaced passively, such that subjects experience similar movements but without experiencing learning, no changes in the evoked response are observed. Sensorimotor adaptation thus alters the neural coding of somatosensory stimuli.