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Journal articles on the topic 'Sensors and sensing'
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1
Guo, Yixuan, and Gaoyang Liang. "Perceptual Feedback Mechanism Sensor Technology in e-Commerce IoT Application Research." Journal of Sensors 2021 (September 28, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3840103.
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With the development of sensor technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the trend of miniaturization of sensors has prompted the inclusion of more sensors in IoT, and the perceptual feedback mechanism among these sensors has become particularly important, thus promoting the development of multiple sensor data fusion technologies. This paper deeply analyzes and summarizes the characteristics of sensory data and the new problems faced by the processing of sensory data under the new trend of IoT, deeply studies the acquisition, storage, and query of sensory data from the sensors of IoT in e-commerce, and proposes a ubiquitous storage method for massive sensory data by combining the sensory feedback mechanism of sensors, which makes full use of the storage resources of IoT storage network elements and maximally meets the massive. In this paper, we propose a ubiquitous storage method for massive sensing data, which makes full use of the storage resources of IoT storage network elements to maximize the storage requirements of massive sensing data and achieve load-balanced data storage. In this paper, starting from the overall development of IoT in recent years, the weak link of intelligent information processing is reinforced based on the sensory feedback mechanism of sensor technology.
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Kim, Tae-Hyeong, Gi-Hwan Jo, Hyeong-Seok Yun, Kyung-Su Yun, and Tae-Hyoung Park. "Placement Method of Multiple Lidars for Roadside Infrastructure in Urban Environments." Sensors 23, no. 21 (2023): 8808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218808.
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Sensors on autonomous vehicles have inherent physical constraints. To address these limitations, several studies have been conducted to enhance sensing capabilities by establishing wireless communication between infrastructure and autonomous vehicles. Various sensors are strategically positioned within the road infrastructure, providing essential sensory data to these vehicles. The primary challenge lies in sensor placement, as it necessitates identifying optimal locations that minimize blind spots while maximizing the sensor’s coverage area. Therefore, to solve this problem, a method for positioning multiple sensor systems in road infrastructure is proposed. By introducing a voxel grid, the problem is formulated as an optimization challenge, and a genetic algorithm is employed to find a solution. Experimental findings using lidar sensors are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of this proposed approach.
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Ran, Zengling, Xiu He, Yunjiang Rao, et al. "Fiber-Optic Microstructure Sensors: A Review." Photonic Sensors 11, no. 2 (2021): 227–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13320-021-0632-7.
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AbstractThis paper reviews a wide variety of fiber-optic microstructure (FOM) sensors, such as fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, long-period fiber grating (LPFG) sensors, Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) sensors, Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensors, Michelson interferometer (MI) sensors, and Sagnac interferometer (SI) sensors. Each FOM sensor has been introduced in the terms of structure types, fabrication methods, and their sensing applications. In addition, the sensing characteristics of different structures under the same type of FOM sensor are compared, and the sensing characteristics of the all FOM sensors, including advantages, disadvantages, and main sensing parameters, are summarized. We also discuss the future development of FOM sensors.
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Liang, Stewart, and Bryan-Kinns. "Design of Textile Knitted Stretch Sensors for Dance Movement Sensing." Proceedings 32, no. 1 (2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019032014.
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This paper presents research about design a textile-based stretch sensor for making a reliable sensing system for dance movement sensing. We examined sixteen textile-based conductive stretch sensors that were made with commercially produced conductive materials. Through the analysis of their sensitivity, linearity, hysteresis, responsiveness, and fatigue, a silver-plated conductive fabric, Technik-tex P130B, shows the best performance for dance movement sensing. Then, we tested the bonding technique, and washability of Technik-tex P130B-made sensors. The finding shows that bonding makes a noticeable impact on sensor performance. Both bonding and washing increase the sensor’s resistance. Technik-tex P130B on one side bonding has the best performance for dance movement sensing. This reliable and washable textile-based stretch sensor is utilised for dance bodysuit making for further development.
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Soga, Kenichi, and Jennifer Schooling. "Infrastructure sensing." Interface Focus 6, no. 4 (2016): 20160023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2016.0023.
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Design, construction, maintenance and upgrading of civil engineering infrastructure requires fresh thinking to minimize use of materials, energy and labour. This can only be achieved by understanding the performance of the infrastructure, both during its construction and throughout its design life, through innovative monitoring. Advances in sensor systems offer intriguing possibilities to radically alter methods of condition assessment and monitoring of infrastructure. In this paper, it is hypothesized that the future of infrastructure relies on smarter information; the rich information obtained from embedded sensors within infrastructure will act as a catalyst for new design, construction, operation and maintenance processes for integrated infrastructure systems linked directly with user behaviour patterns. Some examples of emerging sensor technologies for infrastructure sensing are given. They include distributed fibre-optics sensors, computer vision, wireless sensor networks, low-power micro-electromechanical systems, energy harvesting and citizens as sensors.
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Gupta, Anju, and R. K. Bathla. "Energy Efficient Opportunistic Sensing Management in Fog Cloud Environment." International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing 10, no. 10 (2021): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijcsmc.2021.v10i10.004.
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With so many people now wearing mobile devices with sensors (such as smartphones), utilizing the immense capabilities of these business mobility goods has become a prospective skill to significant behavioural and ecological sensors. A potential challenge for pervasive context assessment is opportunistic sensing, has been effectively used to a wide range of applications. The sensor cloud combines cloud technology with a wireless sensor, resulting in a scalable and cost-effective computing platform for real-time applications. Because the sensor's battery power is limited and the data centre’s servers consume a significant amount of energy to supply storage, a sensor cloud must be energy efficient. This study provides a Fog-based semantic for enabling these kinds of technologies quickly and successfully. The suggested structure is comprised of fundamental algorithms to help set up and coordinate the fog sensing jobs. It creates effective multihop routes for coordinating relevant devices and transporting acquired sensory data to fog sinks. It was claimed that energy-efficient sensor cloud approaches were categorized into different groups and that each technology was examined using numerous characteristics. The outcomes of a series of thorough test simulation in NS3 to define the practicality of the created console, as well as the proportion of each parameter utilized for each technology, are computed.
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Sui, Ran, Erpan Zhang, Xiaoshui Tang, Wenjun Yan, Yun Liu, and Houpan Zhou. "Thermal Modulation of Resistance Gas Sensor Facilitates Recognition of Fragrance Odors." Chemosensors 12, no. 6 (2024): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060101.
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Herein, we prepared two different MOS-based gas sensors with integrated micro-hotplates. The two sensors were employed to detect various fragrances (cedar, mandarin orange, rose A, and rose B), exhibiting similarly great sensing performances. The gas sensing properties of the MOS-based sensor depend on the sensor’s operating temperature. In addition to isothermal operation, various pulse heating modes were applied to investigate the gas sensing performances with respect to the four fragrances. Multivariate gas sensing features of the four fragrances were obtained under different operating modes, which were utilized for the recognition of fragrance odors successfully, based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm.
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Palanisamy, Srinivasan, Muthuramalingam Thangaraj, Khaja Moiduddin, Hisham Alkhalefah, Panagiotis Karmiris-Obratański, and Cheng Siong Chin. "Design, Fabrication, and Optimization of a Printed Ag Nanoparticle-Based Flexible Capacitive Sensor for Automotive IVI Bezel Display Applications." Sensors 23, no. 9 (2023): 4211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094211.
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Since printed capacitive sensors provide better sensing performance, they can be used in automotive bezel applications. It is necessary to fabricate such sensors and apply an optimization approach for choosing the optimal sensor pattern. In the present work, an effort was made to formulate interdigitated pattern-printed Silver (Ag) electrode flexible sensors and adopt the Taguchi Grey Relational (TGR)-based optimization approach to enhance the flexible sensor’s panel for enhanced automobile infotainment applications. The optimization technique was performed to derive better design considerations and analyze the influence of the sensor’s parameters on change in capacitance when touched and production cost. The fabricated flexible printed sensors can provide better sensing properties. A design pattern which integrates an overlap of 15 mm, an electrode line width of 0.8 mm, and an electrode gap 0.8 mm can produce a higher change in capacitance and achieve a lower weight. The overlap has a greater influence on sensor performance owing to its optimization of spatial interpolation.
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Smoleń, Magdalena, and Piotr Augustyniak. "Assisted Living System with Adaptive Sensor’s Contribution." Sensors 20, no. 18 (2020): 5278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185278.
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Multimodal sensing and data processing have become a common approach in modern assisted living systems. This is widely justified by the complementary properties of sensors based on different sensing paradigms. However, all previous proposals assume data fusion to be made based on fixed criteria. We proved that particular sensors show different performance depending on the subject’s activity and consequently present the concept of an adaptive sensor’s contribution. In the proposed prototype architecture, the sensor information is first unified and then modulated to prefer the most reliable sensors. We also take into consideration the dynamics of the subject’s behavior and propose two algorithms for the adaptation of sensors’ contribution, and discuss their advantages and limitations based on case studies.
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Oerke, Erich-Christian. "Remote Sensing of Diseases." Annual Review of Phytopathology 58, no. 1 (2020): 225–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-010820-012832.
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Detection, identification, and quantification of plant diseases by sensor techniques are expected to enable a more precise disease control, as sensors are sensitive, objective, and highly available for disease assessment. Recent progress in sensor technology and data processing is very promising; nevertheless, technical constraints and issues inherent to variability in host–pathogen interactions currently limit the use of sensors in various fields of application. The information from spectral [e.g., RGB (red, green, blue)], multispectral, and hyperspectral sensors that measure reflectance, fluorescence, and emission of radiation or from electronic noses that detect volatile organic compounds released from plants or pathogens, as well as the potential of sensors to characterize the health status of crops, is evaluated based on the recent literature. Phytopathological aspects of remote sensing of plant diseases across different scales and for various purposes are discussed, including spatial disease patterns, epidemic spread of pathogens, crop characteristics, and links to disease control. Future challenges in sensor use are identified.
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Sancho, Juan Ignacio, Noemí Perez, Joaquin De Nó, and Jaizki Mendizabal. "Implementation of Simultaneous Multi-Parameter Monitoring Based in LC-Type Passive Wireless Sensing with Partial Overlapping and Decoupling Coils." Sensors 19, no. 23 (2019): 5183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235183.
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Inductor–capacitor (LC) passive wireless sensors are widely used for remote sensing. These devices are limited in applications where multiparameter sensing is required, because of the mutual coupling between neighboring sensors. This article presents two effective decoupling techniques for multiparameter sensing, based on partially overlapped sensors and decoupling coils, which, when combined, reduce the mutual coupling between sensors to near zero. A multiparameter LC sensor prototype with these two decoupling mechanisms has been designed, simulated, and measured. This prototype is capable of simultaneously measuring four parameters. The measurements demonstrate that the changes in capacitance in one individual sensor do not affect the measurements of the other sensors. This principle has been applied to simultaneous wear sensing using four identical wear sensors.
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Berger, Arne, Albrecht Kurze, Sören Totzauer, et al. "Sensing Home: Designing an Open Tool That Lets People Collect and Interpret Simple Sensor Data from Their Homes." i-com 17, no. 2 (2018): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icom-2018-0013.
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AbstractThe Internet of Things in the home is a design space with huge potential. With sensors getting smaller and cheaper, smart sensor equipped objects will become an integral, preinstalled part of the future home. With this article we will reflect on Sensing Home, a design tool to explore sensors in the home together with people. Sensing Home allows people to integrate sensors and connectivity into mundane domestic products in order to make them smart. As such, it can be used by people to experience and explore sensors in the home and daily life. They may explore possible use cases, appropriate sensor technology, and learn about this technology through use. At the same time people may also be empowered to understand the issues and implications of sensors in the home. We present the design rationale of Sensing Home, five usage examples of how Sensing Home allowed people to explore sensor technology, and the deployment of Sensing Home together with a self-developed group discussion method to empower people to understand the benefits and pitfalls of sensors in their home. The article ends with a brief reflection whether Sensing Home is a probe or a toolkit.
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Fu, Jie, Qiya Gao, and Shuang Li. "Application of Intelligent Medical Sensing Technology." Biosensors 13, no. 8 (2023): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13080812.
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With the popularization of intelligent sensing and the improvement of modern medical technology, intelligent medical sensing technology has emerged as the times require. This technology combines basic disciplines such as physics, mathematics, and materials with modern technologies such as semiconductors, integrated circuits, and artificial intelligence, and has become one of the most promising in the medical field. The core of intelligent medical sensor technology is to make existing medical sensors intelligent, portable, and wearable with full consideration of ergonomics and sensor power consumption issues in order to conform to the current trends in cloud medicine, personalized medicine, and health monitoring. With the development of automation and intelligence in measurement and control systems, it is required that sensors have high accuracy, reliability, and stability, as well as certain data processing capabilities, self-checking, self-calibration, and self-compensation, while traditional medical sensors cannot meet such requirements. In addition, to manufacture high-performance sensors, it is also difficult to improve the material process alone, and it is necessary to combine computer technology with sensor technology to make up for its performance shortcomings. Intelligent medical sensing technology combines medical sensors with microprocessors to produce powerful intelligent medical sensors. Based on the original sensor functions, intelligent medical sensors also have functions such as self-compensation, self-calibration, self-diagnosis, numerical processing, two-way communication, information storage, and digital output. This review focuses on the application of intelligent medical sensing technology in biomedical sensing detection from three aspects: physical sensor, chemical sensor, and biosensor.
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Sharad, Wagh. "The development of the earth remote sensing from satellite." MECHANICS OF GYROSCOPIC SYSTEMS, no. 40 (December 26, 2021): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/0203-3771402020248768.
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Remote sensing activities from satellite are important aspect togain information about earth surface, thus has important significance on military, economic and geology fields. After 1962, the term remote sensing became popular and typically refers to non-intrusive observation of the Earth using electromagnetic waves from a platform some distance away from the object of study. Remote sensing implies a measurement made by some indirect or “remote” means rather than by a contact sensor. Remote sensing platform of satellite serves the sensing by using sensors. There are two types of sensors active and passive sensors. This article reviews about the sensors which are used for remote sensing of earth from satellite. This article analyses the sensors for sensing purpose and for attitude control of the satellite.
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Chowdhury, Azmal Huda, Borzooye Jafarizadeh, Nezih Pala, and Chunlei Wang. "Pulse Waveforms Monitoring Using Supercapacitive Sensing." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 55 (2023): 2712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01552712mtgabs.
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There is a recent boost of interest in wearable, flexible sensors, and devices for non-invasive monitoring of physiological parameters. Among such flexible sensors, considerable research has been appointed towards flexible pressure sensors. These pressure sensors can detect large and small deformations suitable for applications ranging from e-skin to detecting tiny pulse waveforms from the neck and wrist artery. In order to realize a sensor capable of pressure sensing targeting numerous applications, the recent sensors should have high sensitivity with an extended pressure range, fast response time, and a high signal-to-noise ratio. Pulse waveforms are important cardiovascular biomarkers that bear essential information about cardiovascular health. In order to visualize and extract meaningful information from the pulse waveforms, acquiring high-quality pulse waveforms is the prerequisite. However, building highly sensitive pressure sensors is still challenging while maintaining the sensitivity with a broad pressure sensing range. Targeting these issues, this study presents a facile and cost-effective approach to realize a capacitive pressure sensor based on a supercapacitive sensing mechanism. The sensor could achieve high sensitivity of 2.9kPa-1 with a broad and linear range of around 100kPa. Besides, the sensor has a fast response time of 0.2s and negligible hysteresis. The sensor showed no performance degradation after 5000 cycles. In order to show the practicality, the sensor was used to acquire pulse waveforms from wrist and neck arteries under different conditions. The excellent performance of the sensor was observed as the sensor could detect detailed pulse waveforms under all circumstances. The detailed results will be discussed during the presentation.
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Bosse, Stefan, and Uwe Engel. "Augmented Virtual Reality: Combining Crowd Sensing and Social Data Mining with Large-Scale Simulation Using Mobile Agents for Future Smart Cities." Proceedings 4, no. 1 (2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-5-05762.
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Augmented reality is well known for extending the real world by adding computer-generated perceptual information and overlaid sensory information. In contrast, simulation worlds are commonly closed and rely on artificial sensory information generated by the simulator program or using data collected off-line. In this work, a new simulation paradigm is introduced, providing augmented virtuality by integrating crowd sensing and social data mining in simulation worlds by using mobile agents. The simulation world interacts with real world environments, humans, machines, and other virtual worlds in real-time. Mobile agents are closely related to bots that can interact with humans via chat blogs. Among the mining of physical sensors (temperature, motion, position, light, …), mobile agents can perform Crowd Sensing by participating in question–answer dialogs via a chat blog provided by a WEB App that can be used by the masses. Additionally, mobile agents can act as virtual sensors (offering data exchanged with other agents). Virtual sensors are sensor aggregators performing sensor fusion in a spatially region.
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Noda, Toshihiko, and Kazuaki Sawada. "(Invited) CMOS-Based Multimodal Sensing." ECS Transactions 111, no. 1 (2023): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11101.0273ecst.
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Our research group has proposed the measurement concept of multimodal sensing, in which sensors with broad detection characteristics are used to realize the sensing of multiple items, and has developed semiconductor CMOS-based sensors to realize this concept. In this talk, we introduce ion image sensors and odor sensors as examples of CMOS-based sensors suitable for multimodal sensing, and data analysis using machine learning, which is important for this measurement concept will be mentioned and introduce an example of machine learning-based sensing. The application of these sensors to smart agriculture and other fields will also be discussed, as well as the current status and issues for the practical application of sensor systems.
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Noda, Toshihiko, and Kazuaki Sawada. "(Invited) CMOS-Based Multimodal Sensing." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 33 (2023): 1869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01331869mtgabs.
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In the coming Society 5.0, information will be collected, aggregated, and utilized in a wide range of areas through the IoT, and as the concept of "Trillion Sensors" states, the importance of "sensors" as an interface between physical space and cyberspace is increasing. In the development of sensor devices to meet this demand attempts to realize the sensing of multiple items by integrating single-function sensors with high detection selectivity have been the main focus in the past. On the other hand, our research group has proposed the measurement concept of multimodal sensing, in which sensors with broad detection characteristics are used to realize the sensing of multiple items, and has developed semiconductor CMOS-based sensors to realize this concept. In this talk, we introduce ion image sensors and odor sensors as examples of CMOS-based sensors suitable for multimodal sensing, and data analysis using machine learning, which is important for this measurement concept will be mentioned and introduce an example of machine learning-based sensing. The application of these sensors to smart agriculture and other fields will also be discussed, as well as the current status and issues for the practical application of sensor systems. An ion-sensitive transistor (ISFET) can be fabricated by changing the MOSFET's gate to an ion-sensitive membrane. An ion image sensor can be constructed by arraying ion-sensitive elements that operate based on the same principle using CMOS image sensor technology. This sensor visualizes the solution's hydrogen ion concentration (pH) and enables real-time observation of ion dynamics in the solution. By changing the ion-sensitive membrane of the sensor, it is possible to image specific ions such as potassium and calcium, and by adding an enzyme-immobilized membrane, it is also possible to capture chemical substances such as lactic acid. By combining these methods, the development of a multimodal sensor that can simultaneously image multiple ions and chemical substances is in progress as an approach from the hardware side. The future approach from the software side is expected to include measurement data processing by machine learning, thereby expanding the range of substances to be measured. In addition, making this sensor extremely thin makes it possible to perform ion imaging by inserting it into the object to be measured. Functional demonstration of visualization of ion distribution in a plant stem has been performed successfully, and we are currently studying its application in the field of smart agriculture. Since the ion image sensor mentioned above captures minute changes in electric potential generated by ion-sensitive membranes, it can be operated as a gas sensor by forming a membrane on the sensor whose electric properties change depending on gas adsorption. Certain polymer membranes respond to a wide range of gases, they can be used as odor-sensitive membranes. When multiple gas- and odor-sensitive membranes with different response characteristics are formed on a CMOS sensor, gas- and odor-specific response patterns can be obtained. Machine learning is effective in analyzing these patterns, and this presentation will introduce an example of gas-type discrimination.
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Giurgiutiu, Victor, and Andrei N. Zagrai. "Embedded Self-Sensing Piezoelectric Active Sensors for On-Line Structural Identification." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 124, no. 1 (2001): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1421056.
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The benefits and limitations of using embedded piezoelectric active sensors for structural identification at ultrasonic frequency are highlighted. An analytical model based on structural vibration theory and theory of piezoelectricity was developed and used to predict the electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance response, as it would be measured at the piezoelectric active sensor’s terminals. The model considers one-dimension structures and accounts for both axial and flexural vibrations. Experiments were conducted on simple specimens in support of the theoretical investigation, and on realistic turbine blade specimen to illustrate the method’s potential. It was shown that E/M impedance spectrum recorded by the piezoelectric active sensor accurately represents the mechanical response of a structure. It was further proved that the response of the structure is not modified by the presence of the sensor, thus validating the latter’s noninvasive characteristics. It is shown that such sensors, of negligible mass, can be permanently applied to the structure creating a nonintrusive sensor array adequate for on-line automatic structural identification and health monitoring. The sensor calibration procedure is outlined. Numerical estimation of the noninvasive properties of the proposed active sensors in comparison with conventional sensors is presented. Self-diagnostics capabilities of the proposed sensors were also investigated and methods for automatic self-test implementation are discussed. The paper underlines that the use of piezoelectric wafer active sensors is not only advantageous, but, in certain situations, may be the sole investigative option, as in the case of precision machinery, small but critical turbine-engine parts, and computer industry components.
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Hasegawa, Hiroaki, Yosuke Suzuki, Aiguo Ming, Masatoshi Ishikawa, and Makoto Shimojo. "Robot Hand Whose Fingertip Covered with Net-Shape Proximity Sensor - Moving Object Tracking Using Proximity Sensing -." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 23, no. 3 (2011): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2011.p0328.
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Occlusion in several millimeters from an object to be grasped made it difficult for a vision-sensor-based approach to detect relative positioning between this object and robot fingers joint grasping. The proximity sensor we proposed detects the object at a near range very effectively. We developed a thin proximity sensor sheet to cover the 3 fingers of a robot hand. Integrating sensors and hand control, we implemented an objecttracking controller. Using proximity sensory signals, the controller coordinates wrist positioning based on palm proximity sensors and grasping from fingertip sensors, enabling us to track and capture moving objects.
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Klein, Linda, Yvonne Joseph, and Matthias Kröger. "Product Integration of Established Crash Sensors for Safety Applications in Lightweight Vehicles." Sensors 21, no. 21 (2021): 6994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21216994.
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The functionality of products increases when more sensors are used. This trend also affects future automobiles and becomes even more relevant in connected and autonomous applications. Concerning automotive lightweight design, carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRP) are suitable materials. However, their drawbacks include the relatively high manufacturing costs of CFRP components in addition to the difficulty of recycling. To compensate for the increased expenditure, the integration of automotive sensors in CFRP vehicle structures provides added value. As a new approach, established sensors are integrated into fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) structures. The sensors are usually mounted to the vehicle. The integration of sensors into the structure saves weight and space. Many other approaches specifically develop new sensors for integration into FRP structures. With the new approach, there is no need for elaborate development of new sensors since established sensors are used. The present research also showed that the range of applications of the sensors can be extended by the integration. The present paper outlines the functional behaviour of the integrated sensor utilized for crashing sensing. First of all, the integration quality of the sensor is relevant. Different requirements apply to the usual mounting of the sensor. The self-sensing structure must fulfil those requirements. Moreover, unfamiliar characteristics of the new surrounding structure might affect the sensing behaviour. Thus, the sensing behaviour of the self-sensing composite was analyzed in detail. The overarching objective is the general integration of sensors in products with reasonable effort.
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Russell, Joseph, Jeroen H. M. Bergmann, and Vikranth H. Nagaraja. "Towards Dynamic Multi-Modal Intent Sensing Using Probabilistic Sensor Networks." Sensors 22, no. 7 (2022): 2603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072603.
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Intent sensing—the ability to sense what a user wants to happen—has many potential technological applications. Assistive medical devices, such as prosthetic limbs, could benefit from intent-based control systems, allowing for faster and more intuitive control. The accuracy of intent sensing could be improved by using multiple sensors sensing multiple environments. As users will typically pass through different sensing environments throughout the day, the system should be dynamic, with sensors dropping in and out as required. An intent-sensing algorithm that allows for this cannot rely on training from only a particular combination of sensors. It should allow any (dynamic) combination of sensors to be used. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop and test a dynamic intent-sensing system under changing conditions. A method has been proposed that treats each sensor individually and combines them using Bayesian sensor fusion. This approach was tested on laboratory data obtained from subjects wearing Inertial Measurement Units and surface electromyography electrodes. The proposed algorithm was then used to classify functional reach activities and compare the performance to an established classifier (k-nearest-neighbours) in cases of simulated sensor dropouts. Results showed that the Bayesian sensor fusion algorithm was less affected as more sensors dropped out, supporting this intent-sensing approach as viable in dynamic real-world scenarios.
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Yang, Yang, Yufei Wang, Dechang Pi, and Ruchuan Wang. "Optimization of Self-Directed Target Coverage in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/416218.
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Video and image sensors in wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) have directed view and limited sensing angle. So the methods to solve target coverage problem for traditional sensor networks, which use circle sensing model, are not suitable for WMSNs. Based on the FoV (field of view) sensing model and FoV disk model proposed, how expected multimedia sensor covers the target is defined by the deflection angle between target and the sensor’s current orientation and the distance between target and the sensor. Then target coverage optimization algorithms based on expected coverage value are presented for single-sensor single-target, multisensor single-target, and single-sensor multitargets problems distinguishingly. Selecting the orientation that sensor rotated to cover every target falling in the FoV disk of that sensor for candidate orientations and using genetic algorithm to multisensor multitargets problem, which has NP-complete complexity, then result in the approximated minimum subset of sensors which covers all the targets in networks. Simulation results show the algorithm’s performance and the effect of number of targets on the resulting subset.
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Gabrys, Jennifer. "Sensors and Sensing Practices: Reworking Experience across Entities, Environments, and Technologies." Science, Technology, & Human Values 44, no. 5 (2019): 723–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243919860211.
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This editorial examines how sensing practices are transforming through proliferating sensor technologies and altered sensing relations. Rather than engage with sensing as a project of the human mind or body as usually delineated within sensory classifications, this overview of sensors and sensing practices documents how sensing entities are emerging that are composed of shifting ensembles of multiple humans and more-than-humans, environments and technologies, politics and practices. By decoupling sensing from its exclusive human orientation, the editorial and collection demonstrate how reworked approaches to sensing make it possible to tune in to how involvement with environmental problems unfolds and endures. The collection asks how sensing practices might be crafted that attend to the distributed and accumulative inequalities of environmental problems and to speculate toward differential collectives for addressing environmental crisis and change.
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Yang, Jin-Hee, Hyun-Seung Cho, Hwykuen Kwak, et al. "Sensing efficiency of three-dimensional textile sensors with an open-and-close structure for respiration rate detection." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 19-20 (2020): 2258–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520915846.
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The strain-gauge type textile sensors adopted in many studies on respiration-sensing wearable systems have been reported to have two major limitations that result in reduced sensing accuracy and insufficient durability of the sensor. The two limitations are the inability to accurately monitor the changes in the three-dimensional (3D) body contour during changes in the respiration cycle and the frequent occurrence of baseline drifts. To solve these issues, this study proposes new types of textile respiration rate sensors with a 3D structure, which measure the respiration rate based on the variation in the size of the contacting section’s surface during respiration, rather than the changes in the length of the sensor, as in existing strain-gauge type sensors. Firstly, the sensing signals were analyzed based on morphology and size measurements. Then, the sensing reliability of three respiration rate sensor types, namely the no-filler, 3D hard, and 3D soft types, was analyzed by comparing their measurements with those of the SS5LB. Finally, the reproducibility and baseline drifts of the sensors’ measurements were evaluated by taking and comparing repeated measurements. As a result, the consistency of the sensing signals of the SS5LB and those of the two types of 3D sensors was higher than those of the no-filler type sensor, and the 3D soft type sensor had the highest reliability and reproducibility among the three new types of sensors. The result showed relatively reduced baseline drifts in the two types of 3D sensors.
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Chugh, Amit, and Supriya Panda. "Energy Efficient Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks." Recent Patents on Engineering 13, no. 1 (2019): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872212112666180731114046.
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Background: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of tiny electromechanical nodes termed as sensors. Sensors are equipped with sensing unit, which is designed for application specific. When deployed either by planned or unplanned after deployment, sensor’s energy starts depleting due to various roles like sensing, communication and aggregation. Method: WSN is challenged with limited battery power. The aim is to enhance energy efficiency that leads to a prolonged lifetime of networks. Results: We have reviewed the patents related to energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks. This Paper presents the study of various energy efficient techniques, which can enhance the lifetime of sensor networks; it covers basics of WSN, their design, Classification, Communication in WSN and a survey of different techniques for effective utilization of sensor’s energy. Conclusion: Paper has emphasized on energy efficient clustering technique along with feature wise summary of existing clustering protocols.
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Torkamani Cheriani, Mahmoud, and Ali Mirzaei. "Plasma-Treated Nanostructured Resistive Gas Sensors: A Review." Sensors 25, no. 7 (2025): 2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072307.
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Resistive gas sensors are among the most widely used sensors for the detection of various gases. In this type of gas sensor, the gas sensing capability is linked to the surface properties of the sensing layer, and accordingly, modification of the sensing surface is of importance to improve the sensing output. Plasma treatment is a promising way to modify the surface properties of gas sensors, mainly by changing the amounts of oxygen ions, which have a central role in gas sensing reactions. In this review paper, we focus on the role of plasma treatment in the gas sensing features of resistive gas sensors. After an introduction to air pollution, toxic gases, and resistive gas sensors, the main concepts regarding plasma are presented. Then, the impact of plasma treatment on the sensing characteristics of various sensing materials is discussed. As the gas sensing field is an interdisciplinary field, we believe that the present review paper will be of significant interest to researchers with various backgrounds who are working on gas sensors.
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Nazemi, Haleh, Aashish Joseph, Jaewoo Park, and Arezoo Emadi. "Advanced Micro- and Nano-Gas Sensor Technology: A Review." Sensors 19, no. 6 (2019): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061285.
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Micro- and nano-sensors lie at the heart of critical innovation in fields ranging from medical to environmental sciences. In recent years, there has been a significant improvement in sensor design along with the advances in micro- and nano-fabrication technology and the use of newly designed materials, leading to the development of high-performance gas sensors. Advanced micro- and nano-fabrication technology enables miniaturization of these sensors into micro-sized gas sensor arrays while maintaining the sensing performance. These capabilities facilitate the development of miniaturized integrated gas sensor arrays that enhance both sensor sensitivity and selectivity towards various analytes. In the past, several micro- and nano-gas sensors have been proposed and investigated where each type of sensor exhibits various advantages and limitations in sensing resolution, operating power, response, and recovery time. This paper presents an overview of the recent progress made in a wide range of gas-sensing technology. The sensing functionalizing materials, the advanced micro-machining fabrication methods, as well as their constraints on the sensor design, are discussed. The sensors’ working mechanisms and their structures and configurations are reviewed. Finally, the future development outlook and the potential applications made feasible by each category of the sensors are discussed.
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Urrutia, Aitor, Javier Goicoechea, and Francisco J. Arregui. "Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Nanoparticle-Embedded Coatings." Journal of Sensors 2015 (2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/805053.
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The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in scientific applications has attracted the attention of many researchers in the last few years. The use of NPs can help researchers to tune the physical characteristics of the sensing coating (thickness, roughness, specific area, refractive index, etc.) leading to enhanced sensors with response time or sensitivity better than traditional sensing coatings. Additionally, NPs also offer other special properties that depend on their nanometric size, and this is also a source of new sensing applications. This review focuses on the current status of research in the use of NPs within coatings in optical fiber sensing. Most used sensing principles in fiber optics are briefly described and classified into several groups: absorbance-based sensors, interferometric sensors, fluorescence-based sensors, fiber grating sensors, and resonance-based sensors, among others. For each sensor group, specific examples of the utilization of NP-embedded coatings in their sensing structure are reported.
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Zhao, Dong, Bingyuan Zhao, Dmitri Koltsov, Shutang Chen, and Gugang Chen. "Detection of VOCs and Nitrogen Containing Gaseous Molecules By Utilizing Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) As Sensing Materials." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 63 (2022): 2629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02632629mtgabs.
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Carbon nanomaterials are increasingly attractive as potential candidates to make new generation of sensors due to their unique nanostructures that grant their promising electrical, chemical, and physical properties. Among the group of carbon materials, carbon nanotube (CNT) is one of the most encouraging materials because of its features of high surface-to-volume ratio and unique electronic structure. These features enable CNTs the potential to become a highly sensitive sensing material. Since our project aims on detecting bio-marks from human breath, of which the concentrations are extremely low, the nature of our sensor R&D becomes extremely challenging. Consequently, using CNTs as the sensing materials ought to be our obvious choice at this stage. This choice of carbonous materials as sensing media is also on the hope to simplify the sensor’s instability problems in our R&D effort because carbon itself is very chemically inert toward many chemicals. This presentation will serve as a report of the preliminary results from a lab experiment setting to detect several human breath related bio-marks. Sensors were chemiresistive typed and constructed through drop casting on interdigitated sensor circuit. Each sensor chip contains 8 sensor pixels, and the test bed can host maximum of 16 sensor chips simultaneously. In other words, our sensor testing chamber can embed up to 128 sensors at the same time. We then performed the sensor testing against several gases. As expected, the application of nanotechnology in using CNTs enabled us to approach high sensitivity towards to several gaseous analytes, ranging from sub-ppb to sub-ppm. Noticed that, the previous study from our lab revealed that the sensitivity of sensors could be promoted by illuminations of UV light.1 It was approved that the detection limit of nitric oxides is about 27 ppm, providing reliable and stable sensitivity. To simplify the sensor fabrication and miniaturization as well as to reduce power consumption of final sensor units, in this work, we employed an external thermal power to improve the reversibility of the sensors. Two external 375W IR bulbs were used as the heating source in this setting. A dimmer and temperature control circuitry were integrated to maintain the intended operating temperatures. Moreover, we employed our test protocols and methods by functionalizing the CNTs with carboxylic group, besides utilizing the pristine CNTs. It was resulted that this sensor array was able to detect various gaseous species, including NH3, Isoprene, acetone, etc., with relatively high sensitivity. The existence of surfactants in the CNT sensing layer lowered the conductivity of sensor pixels by a great magnitude and resulted in much reduced sensors’ sensitivities. Therefore, removing surfactants in the CNT solution was made, which dramatically improved the sensors’ electric conductivities and boosted sensors’ sensitivities. However, CNT solutions with diluted surfactants destabilize the CNTs’ aqueous suspension, and lead to the non-uniform CNTs layers. The sensor pixels fabricated by using this surfactant deficient CNTs resulted in the formation of CNT bundles or clusters. The gathering of CNTs in a non-uniform fashion could dramatically reduce the sensor’s sensitivity because the bundles would short the interdigitated circuit and disable the CNTs’ sensing capability in most other area of the sensor film. We, therefore, increased the amount of surfactant in the CNT solutions. The sensors fabricated with excess amount of surfactant exhibited highly electric resistance or even non-conductance with very low or no sensitivity. A simple washing process was then developed to wash out the surfactant, which partially resolved the non-uniformity problem. The method to completely prevent the CNT bundles from formation in sensor film is in progress. In conclusion, we developed a gas sensor array that can detect various VOCs and certain nitrogen containing gas molecules with an extremely high or reasonably high sensitivities. Through applying pristine, modified CNTs or mixtures of both into sensor fabrication, the sensing properties were enhanced under an external heating source in comparison with illumination of UV light. The best sensitivity of the sensors is achieved by removing the surfactants in the sensing films. The application of external thermal energy to help on sensors’ performance gets approved. The benefit of using thermal energy vs. UV light is also discussed. G. Chen, T. M. Paronyan, E. M. Pigos, and A. R. Harutyunyan, Scientific Reports 2, 343 (2012).
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Agrawaal, Harsshit, Courtney Jones, and J. E. Thompson. "Personal Exposure Estimates via Portable and Wireless Sensing and Reporting of Particulate Pollution." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (2020): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030843.
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Low-cost, portable particle sensors (n = 3) were designed, constructed, and used to monitor human exposure to particle pollution at various locations and times in Lubbock, TX. The air sensors consisted of a Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F dust sensor interfaced to an Arduino Uno R3, and a FONA808 3G communications module. The Arduino Uno was used to receive the signal from calibrated dust sensors to provide a concentration (µg/m3) of suspended particulate matter and coordinate wireless transmission of data via the 3G cellular network. Prior to use for monitoring, dust sensors were calibrated against a reference aerosol monitor (RAM-1) operating independently. Sodium chloride particles were generated inside of a 3.6 m3 mixing chamber while the RAM-1 and each dust sensor recorded signals and calibration was achieved for each dust sensor independently of others by direct comparison with the RAM-1 reading. In an effort to improve the quality of the data stream, the effect of averaging replicate individual pulses of the Sharp sensor when analyzing zero air has been studied. Averaging data points exponentially reduces standard deviation for all sensors with n < 2000 averages but averaging produced diminishing returns after approx. 2000 averages. The sensors exhibited standard deviations for replicate measurements of 3–6 µg/m3 and corresponding 3σ detection limits of 9–18 µg/m3 when 2000 pulses of the dust sensor LED were averaged over an approx. 2 min data collection/transmission cycle. To demonstrate portable monitoring, concentration values from the dust sensors were sent wirelessly in real time to a ThingSpeak channel, while tracking the sensor’s latitude and longitude using an on-board Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor. Outdoor and indoor air quality measurements were made at different places and times while human volunteers carried sensors. The measurements indicated walking by restaurants and cooking at home increased the exposure to particulate matter. The construction of the dust sensors and data collected from this research enhance the current research by describing an open-source concept and providing initial measurements. In principle, sensors can be massively multiplexed and used to generate real-time maps of particulate matter around a given location.
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Preti, Matteo Lo, Thomas George Thuruthel, Kieran Gilday, Lucia Beccai, and Fumiya Iida. "Mechanical Sensing in Embodied Agents." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1261, no. 1 (2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1261/1/012013.
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Abstract Sensors enable autonomous systems to obtain information about their internal states and the environment for guiding their actions. It is as essential for these sensors to reject disturbances as to gather the correct information. There are numerous trade-offs and considerations in designing these sensory systems. For instance, natural agents evolved a vast diversity of highly optimized sensory organs to perform their tasks. This work focuses on how these sensory systems estimate mechanical stimuli. We look at some of the strategies and design principles found in nature to understand fundamental trade-offs and design considerations when acquiring and processing mechanical information.
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Attia, Hesham A., Mulan E. Ahmed, Adel Shaaban Awad Elsharkawi, and Mohamed A. Swillam. "Highly Sensitive On-Chip Grating-Based Optical Sensor on Glass Substrate: Cost-Effective Design." Photonics 11, no. 3 (2024): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11030194.
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This paper presents a novel on-chip optical sensing system using ion exchange technology and phase-shifted Bragg grating design. The sensor geometry has been optimized using a finite difference time domain (FDTD) solver to achieve maximum sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM). The proposed design offers high sensitivity to changes in refractive index and low fabrication costs. The ion exchange process used to create the sensor allows for precise refractive index control, optimizing the sensor’s sensitivity and FOM. A graded-index waveguide and a phase-shifted Bragg grating structure also contribute to the sensor’s high sensitivity. The proposed sensor design was tested for water-based sensing applications, achieving a FOM of 227.63 and a 343.1 nm/RIU sensitivity. These values are significantly higher than those reported for other Bragg grating sensors, highlighting the potential of the proposed design for high-performance sensing applications. The sensor’s high sensitivity and low fabrication costs make it a promising technology for future sensing and monitoring applications.
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Soleimani, Manuchehr, and Myron Friedrich. "E-Skin Using Fringing Field Electrical Impedance Tomography with an Ionic Liquid Domain." Sensors 22, no. 13 (2022): 5040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22135040.
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Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a promising technique for large area tactile sensing for robotic skin. This study presents a novel EIT-based force and touch sensor that features a latex membrane acting as soft skin and an ionic liquid domain. The sensor works based on fringing field EIT where the touch or force leads to a deformation in the latex membrane causing detectable changes in EIT data. This article analyses the performance of this electronic skin in terms of its dynamical behaviour, position accuracy and quantitative force sensing. Investigation into the sensor’s performance showed it to be hypersensitive, in that it can reliably detect forces as small as 64 mN. Furthermore, multi-touch discrimination and annular force sensing is displayed. The hysteresis in force sensing is investigated showing a very negligible hysteresis. This is a direct result of the latex membrane and the ionic liquid-based domain design compared to more traditional fabric-based touch sensors due to the reduction in electromechanical coupling. A novel test is devised that displayed the dynamic performance of the sensor by showing its ability to record a 1 Hz frequency, which was applied to the membrane in a tapping fashion. Overall, the results show a considerable progress in ionic liquid EIT-based sensors. These findings place the EIT-based sensors that comprise a liquid domain, at the forefront of research into tactile robotic skin.
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Guo, Tao, Tianhao Zhou, Qiulin Tan, Qianqian Guo, Fengxiang Lu, and Jijun Xiong. "A Room-Temperature CNT/Fe3O4 Based Passive Wireless Gas Sensor." Sensors 18, no. 10 (2018): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103542.
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A carbon nanotube/Fe3O4 thin film-based wireless passive gas sensor with better performance is proposed. The sensitive test mechanism of LC (Inductance and capacitance resonant) wireless sensors is analyzed and the reason for choosing Fe3O4 as a gas sensing material is explained. The design and fabrication process of the sensor and the testing method are introduced. Experimental results reveal that the proposed carbon nanotube (CNT)/Fe3O4 based sensor performs well on sensing ammonia (NH3) at room temperature. The sensor exhibits not only an excellent response, good selectivity, and fast response and recovery times at room temperature, but is also characterized by good repeatability and low cost. The results for the wireless gas sensor’s performance for different NH3 gas concentrations are presented. The developed device is promising for the establishment of wireless gas sensors in harsh environments.
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Imamura, Gaku, Kosuke Minami, and Genki Yoshikawa. "Repetitive Direct Comparison Method for Odor Sensing." Biosensors 13, no. 3 (2023): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13030368.
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Olfactory sensors are one of the most anticipated applications of gas sensors. To distinguish odors—complex mixtures of gas species, it is necessary to extract sensor responses originating from the target odors. However, the responses of gas sensors tend to be affected by interfering gases with much higher concentrations than target odor molecules. To realize practical applications of olfactory sensors, extracting minute sensor responses of odors from major interfering gases is required. In this study, we propose a repetitive direct comparison (rDC) method, which can highlight the difference in odors by alternately injecting the two target odors into a gas sensor. We verified the feasibility of the rDC method on chocolates with two different flavors by using a sensor system based on membrane-type surface stress sensors (MSS). The odors of the chocolates were measured by the rDC method, and the signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of the measurements were evaluated. The results showed that the rDC method achieved improved S/N compared to a typical measurement. The result also indicates that sensing signals could be enhanced for a specific combination of receptor materials of MSS and target odors.
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Yang, Taicong, Fengchun Tian, James A. Covington, et al. "Resistance-Capacitance Gas Sensor Based on Fractal Geometry." Chemosensors 7, no. 3 (2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors7030031.
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An important component of any chemiresistive gas sensor is the way in which the resistance of the sensing film is interrogated. The geometrical structure of an electrode can enhance the performance of a gas-sensing device and in particular the performance of sensing films with large surface areas, such as carbon nanotubes. In this study, we investigated the influence of geometrical structure on the performance of gas sensors, combining the characteristics of carbon nanotubes with a novel gas sensor electrode structure based on fractal geometry. The fabricated sensors were tested with exposure to nitric oxide, measuring both the sensor resistance and capacitance (RC) of the sensor responses. Experimental results showed that the sensors with fractal electrode structures had a superior performance over sensors with traditional geometrical structures. Moreover, the RC characteristics of these fractal sensors could be further improved by using different test frequencies that could aid in the identification and quantification of a target gas.
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Kok, Sooping, YunIi Go, Xu Wang, and Dennis Wong. "A Review of Nanostructure Coating Techniques to Achieve High-Precision Optical Fiber Sensing Applications." Nanomanufacturing 4, no. 4 (2024): 214–40. https://doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing4040015.
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Optical fiber sensors have emerged as a critical sensing technology across various fields due to their advantages, including high potential bandwidth, electrical isolation that is safe for utilization in electrically hazardous environments, high reliability, and ease of maintenance. However, conventional optical fiber sensors face limitations in achieving high sensitivity and precision. The integration of nanostructures with advanced coating technology is one of the critical solutions to enhancing sensor functionality. This review examined nanostructure coating techniques that are compatible with optical fiber sensors and evaluated etching techniques for the improvement of optical fiber sensing technology. Techniques such as vapor deposition, laser deposition, and sputtering to coat the nanostructure of novel materials on the optical fiber sensors are analyzed. The ability of optical fiber sensors to interact with the environment via etching techniques is highlighted by comparing the sensing parameters between etched and bare optical fibers. This comprehensive overview aims to provide a detailed understanding of nanostructure coating and etching for optical fiber sensing and offer insights into the current state and future prospects of optical fiber sensor technology for sensing performance advancement, emphasizing its potential in future sensing applications and research directions.
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Hu, Jiahao, Tao Zhang, Ying Chen, Pengcheng Xu, Dan Zheng, and Xinxin Li. "Area-Selective, In-Situ Growth of Pd-Modified ZnO Nanowires on MEMS Hydrogen Sensors." Nanomaterials 12, no. 6 (2022): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12061001.
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Nanomaterials are widely utilized as sensing materials in semiconductor gas sensors. As sensor sizes continue to shrink, it becomes increasingly challenging to construct micro-scale sensing materials on a micro-sensor with good uniformity and stability. Therefore, in-situ growth with a desired pattern in the tiny sensing area of a microsensor is highly demanded. In this work, we combine area-selective seed layer formation and hydrothermal growth for the in-situ growth of ZnO nanowires (NWs) on Micro-electromechanical Systems (MEMS)-based micro-hotplate gas sensors. The results show that the ZnO NWs are densely grown in the sensing area. With Pd nano-particles’ modification of the ZnO NWs, the sensor is used for hydrogen (H2) detection. The sensors with Pd-ZnO NWs show good repeatability as well as a reversible and uniform response to 2.5 ppm–200 ppm H2. Our approach offers a technical route for designing various kinds of gas sensors.
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Lee, Jae-Hyoung, Thanh-Binh Nguyen, Duy-Khoi Nguyen, et al. "Gas Sensing Properties of Mg-Incorporated Metal–Organic Frameworks." Sensors 19, no. 15 (2019): 3323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153323.
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The gas sensing properties of two novel series of Mg-incorporated metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), termed Mg-MOFs-I and -II, were assessed. The synthesized iso-reticular type Mg-MOFs exhibited good crystallinity, high thermal stability, needle-shape morphology and high surface area (up to 2900 m2·g−1), which are promising for gas sensing applications. Gas-sensing studies of gas sensors fabricated from Mg-MOFs-II revealed better sensing performance, in terms of the sensor dynamics and sensor response, at an optimal operating temperature of 200 °C. The MOF gas sensor with a larger pore size and volume showed shorter response and recovery times, demonstrating the importance of the pore size and volume on the kinetic properties of MOF-based gas sensors. The gas-sensing results obtained in this study highlight the potential of Mg-MOFs gas sensors for the practical monitoring of toxic gases in a range of environments.
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Dong, Chang Chun, Wei Ping Chen, Xiao Wei Liu, and Zhi Ping Zhou. "Functional Study of Fluxgate Sensors with Amorphous Wires Cores." Advanced Materials Research 187 (February 2011): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.187.257.
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The amorphous material Co-based wires as the sensing element in Vacquier type sensor was studied. The magnetic material used in these sensors is CoFeSiB wires produced at the harbin Institute of Technical Physics and prepared by melt extraction. The sensor's functional parameters were measured. The sensor sensitivity is 3.1mV/μT. The measurements demonstrate the usability of the sensor in a magnetometer for both continuous and alternating magnetic field measurements.
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Ullo, Silvia Liberata, and G. R. Sinha. "Advances in IoT and Smart Sensors for Remote Sensing and Agriculture Applications." Remote Sensing 13, no. 13 (2021): 2585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132585.
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Modern sensors find their wide usage in a variety of applications such as robotics, navigation, automation, remote sensing, underwater imaging, etc. and in recent years the sensors with advanced techniques such as the artificial intelligence (AI) play a significant role in the field of remote sensing and smart agriculture. The AI enabled sensors work as smart sensors and additionally the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has resulted into very useful tools in the field of agriculture by making available different types of sensor-based equipment and devices. In this paper, we have focused on an extensive study of the advances in smart sensors and IoT, employed in remote sensing and agriculture applications such as the assessment of weather conditions and soil quality; the crop monitoring; the use of robots for harvesting and weeding; the employment of drones. The emphasis has been given to specific types of sensors and sensor technologies by presenting an extensive study, review, comparison and recommendation for advancements in IoT that would help researchers, agriculturists, remote sensing scientists and policy makers in their research and implementations.
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Umeda, Kazunori, Jun Ota, and Hisayuki Kimura. "Fusion of Multiple Ultrasonic Sensor Data and Image Data for Measuring an Object’s Motion." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 17, no. 1 (2005): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2005.p0036.
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Robot sensing requires two types of observation – intensive and wide-angle. We selected multiple ultrasonic sensors for intensive observation and an image sensor for wide-angle observation in measuring a moving object’s motion with sensors in two kinds of fusion – one fusing multiple ultrasonic sensor data and the other fusing the two types of sensor data. The fusion of multiple ultrasonic sensor data takes advantage of object movement from a measurement range of an ultrasonic sensor to another sensor’s range. They are formulated in a Kalman filter framework. Simulation and experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability to an actual robot system.
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Huang, Yunbao, Haiyan Li, Qifu Wang, and Liping Chen. "Integrating multiple sensors for the closed-loop three-dimensional digitization." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 11 (2012): 2816–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212436442.
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In this article, we present a set of novel techniques, which include (1) sensor-stage calibration, (2) high-level script programming for the flexible control of data sensing, and (3) a framework for dynamic data sensing, visualization and shape modeling. It enables the integration of multiple three-dimensional sensors into one controlled three-dimensional digitization system for the closed-loop of data sensing and shape modeling. In this system, point, line, and area sensors with different sensing coverage, accuracies, and resolutions can be integrated into a multi-stage platform on which data acquisition from each sensor can be programmed in a controlled manner. In this manner, the closed-loop of data sensing and shape modeling can be achieved, which can significantly improve the overall digitization efficiency and shape modeling quality. Finally, two three-dimensional digitization examples of such multi-sensor system are demonstrated, (1) complementary integration of multiple sensors for three-dimensional digitization and (2) the closed-loop of dynamic data sensing and shape modeling to significantly improve overall sensing efficiency and shape modeling quality.
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Mrozek, Piotr, Ewa Gorodkiewicz, Paweł Falkowski, and Bogusław Hościło. "Sensitivity Analysis of Single- and Bimetallic Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors." Sensors 21, no. 13 (2021): 4348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134348.
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Comparative analysis of the sensitivity of two surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors was conducted on a single-metallic Au sensor and bimetallic Ag–Au sensor, using a cathepsin S sensor as an example. Numerically modeled resonance curves of Au and Ag–Au layers, with parameters verified by the results of experimental reflectance measurement of real-life systems, were used for the analysis of these sensors. Mutual relationships were determined between ∂Y/∂n components of sensitivity of the Y signal in the SPR measurement to change the refractive index n of the near-surface sensing layer and ∂n/∂c sensitivity of refractive index n to change the analyte’s concentration, c, for both types of sensors. Obtained results were related to experimentally determined calibration curves of both sensors. A characteristic feature arising from the comparison of calibration curves is the similar level of Au and Ag–Au biosensors’ sensitivity in the linear range, where the signal of the AgAu sensor is at a level several times greater. It was shown that the influence of sensing surface morphology on the ∂n/∂c sensitivity component had to be incorporated to explain the features of calibration curves of sensors. The shape of the sensory surface relief was proposed to increase the sensor sensitivity at low analyte concentrations.
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Kumar, G. Pavan. "Speed Sensing Machine using Arduino." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 4394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36064.
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There are certain rules that some authorities have introduced in case of violation of fastmoving vehicles. Most importantly determine any country regulation on certain roads that is, you will be breaking the law if the speed of your car exceeds this the limit. IR sensors are a large part of a project that detects car speed. Generally, you will be able to use set up IR Sensors on many ways but during this project, we used 2 IR Sensors models and set them 10cm apart. When the moving vehicle reaches the main sensor, the IR Sensor is activated. From this moment on, the timer has been started and can still save time until the car reaches the 2nd IR sensor. By imitating the gap in the middle 2 sensors at 5 meters, you will count the speed at which the vehicle has moved from 1st IR Sensor to 2nd IR Sensor as expected to verify the detection in kmph. All statistics and data collection are done in Arduino and therefore the end is shown in the 16X2 LCD display. This route was introduced to detect the speed of the car or a person in general and a warning to people who go along with providing an automatic buzzer. Currently, a RADAR gun or LIDARs are widely used to speed up the acquisition but require someone to pull the impact of finding speed. during this work it has been proven that automation provides better performance than human management system.
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Li, Zhanhong, Yuwei Wang, Zheyuan Fan, et al. "A Dual-Function Wearable Electrochemical Sensor for Uric Acid and Glucose Sensing in Sweat." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (2023): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010105.
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Simultaneous detection of uric acid and glucose using a non-invasive approach can be a promising strategy for related diseases, e.g., diabetes, gout, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we have proposed a dual-function wearable electrochemical sensor for uric acid and glucose detection in sweat. The sensor with a four-electrode system was prepared by printing the ink on a common rubber glove. CV and chronoamperometry were used to characterize the prepared sensor’s electrochemical sensing performance. The sensors exhibited the linear range from 0 to 1.6 mM and 0 to 3.7 mM towards uric acid and glucose electrochemical sensing in phosphate-buffered solution, with the corresponding limit of detection of 3.58 μM and 9.10 μM obtained, respectively. Moreover, the sensors had shown their feasibility of real sample sensing in sweat. The linear detection range for uric acid (0 to 40 μM) and glucose (0 to 1.6 mM) in the sweat can well cover their concentration range in physiological conditions. The prepared dual-function wearable electrochemical sensor features easy preparation, fast detection, high sensitivity, high selectivity, and the practical application potential in uric acid and glucose sensing.
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Wang, Xing-Yuan, Yi-Lun Wang, Suo Wang, et al. "Lasing Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing." Nanophotonics 6, no. 2 (2017): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0006.
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AbstractThe resonance phenomena of surface plasmons has enabled development of a novel class of noncontact, real-time and label-free optical sensors, which have emerged as a prominent tool in biochemical sensing and detection. However, various forms of surface plasmon resonances occur with natively strong non-radiative Drude damping that weakens the resonance and limits the sensing performance fundamentally. Here we experimentally demonstrate the first lasing-enhanced surface plasmon resonance (LESPR) refractive index sensor. The figure of merit (FOM) of intensity sensing is ~84,000, which is about 400 times higher than state-of-the-art surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. We found that the high FOM originates from three unique features of LESPR sensors: high-quality factor, nearly zero background emission and the Gaussian-shaped lasing spectra. The LESPR sensors may form the basis for a novel class of plasmonic sensors with unprecedented performance for a broad range of applications.
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Booth, Marsilea Adela, Sally Ann Harbison, and Jadranka Travas-Sejdic. "Developing Polypyrrole-Based Oligonucleotide Biosensors." Materials Science Forum 700 (September 2011): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.700.215.
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Many medical, forensic science, environmental and general scientific difficulties may be aided by the existence of suitable biosensors such as gene sensors, body fluid detection DNA sensors, disease detection DNA sensors etc. The sensor technology described here uses the conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy) as both sensing element and transducer of sensing events. Stability and reproducibility are necessary characteristics of practical biosensors. The stability of polymers can be investigated using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This work discusses research focused towards creating a stable, reproducible sensor surface for oligonucleotide detection. The effect of electropolymerisation conditions (electropolymerisation method, solvent and electrolyte used), post-growth treatment (cycling and EIS experiments), and the sensing-environment conditions on sensor stability and applicability will be discussed.
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Khan, Muhammad Imran, Abdul Mannan Khan, Muhammad Khurram Saleem, and Ahmed Nouman. "Development of Efficient Tactile Sensing System for Humanoid Robotics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.372.
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This paper is related to the development of ASIC for tactile sensing system in humanoid robots. First of all, it is necessary to choose the best sensor for tactile sensing in humanoid robots. A large number of sensors like capacitive, resistive, piezoresistive, tunnel effective, optical, ultrasonic, magnetism based, piezoelectric sensors are available in market for tactile sensing. Not all the sensors are suitable for tactile sensing at all locations of humanoid robotics. We need to use different sensors for different locations in humanoid robotics like fingerprints and belly. Fingerprints of robot are most important part where we need a huge number of sensors on a limited place. As we need a large amount of data for exact modeling of properties contact surface so we require data from a large number of tactile sensors and hence we need to develop an array of tactile sensors.