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Journal articles on the topic 'Sensory afferences'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 20 April 2024

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1

Aflalo, Joanna, Flavien Quijoux, Charles Truong, François Bertin-Hugault, and Damien Ricard. "Impact of Sensory Afferences in Postural Control Quantified by Force Platform: A Protocol for Systematic Review." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 8 (2022): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081319.

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Older adults’ postural balance is a critical domain of research as balance deficit is an important risk factor for falls that can lead to severe injuries and death. Considering the effects of ageing on sensory systems, we propose that posturographic evaluation with a force platform exploring the effect of sensory deprivation or perturbation on balance could help understand postural control alterations in the elderly. The aim of the future systematic review and meta-analysis described in this protocol is to explore the capacity of older adults to maintain their balance during sensory perturbati

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2

Piovesan, EJ, PA Kowacs, CE Tatsui, MC Lange, LC Ribas, and LC Werneck. "Referred Pain After Painful Stimulation of the Greater Occipital Nerve in Humans: Evidence of Convergence of Cervical Afferences on Trigeminal Nuclei." Cephalalgia 21, no. 2 (2001): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2001.00166.x.

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Cranial sensory innervation is supplied mainly by the trigeminal nerves and by the first cervical nerves. Excitatory and inhibitory interactions among those nerve roots may occur in a mechanism called nociceptive convergence, leading to loss of somato-sensory spatial specificity. Three volunteers in an experimental trial had sterile water injected over their greater occipital nerve on one side of the neck. Pain intensity was evaluated 10, 30 and 120 s after the injection. Two of the patients reported intense pain. Trigeminal autonomic features, suggestive of parasympathetic activation, were se

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Alegre, M., A. Labarga, I. G. Gurtubay, J. Iriarte, A. Malanda, and J. Artieda. "Beta electroencephalograph changes during passive movements: sensory afferences contribute to beta event-related desynchronization in humans." Neuroscience Letters 331, no. 1 (2002): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00825-x.

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Clarke, Andrew H., K. Just, W. Krzok, and U. Schönfeld. "Listing's plane and the 3D-VOR in microgravity – The role of the otolith afferences." Journal of Vestibular Research 23, no. 2 (2013): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-130476.

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5

Guilherme Augusto Moreira Silva, Ruan Kaique de Oliveira, Ana Maria de Castro, et al. "Effectiveness of proprioceptive training in athletes with and without ankle instability: systematic review." Manual Therapy, Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal 20 (December 27, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2022.20.1277.

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Background: The proprioceptive program is directly related to neuromuscular control, which uses proprioceptive afferences to provide dynamic stabilization of the joint. Some variables can be considered risk factors for injuries, such as sprains, sudden and unexpected movement activities, simple quick changes of direction, soil type or footwear, among others. The balance training program contributes to lower injury rates and increases sports performance rate. Thus works the perception and maintenance of postural balance from information coming from sensory afferences. Objective: To perform a sy

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Ruggieri, Vezio, and Gian Piero Sera. "Bodily Perception in the Organization of Postural Attitude and Movement." Perceptual and Motor Skills 82, no. 1 (1996): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.1.307.

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In the present research we hypothesized that some particular areas or points of the body play a role in the modulation of muscular (tonic and phasic) activity. In particular, we hypothesized that subjects utilize some bodily points as constant perceptual afferences in organizing the motoric responses of the whole body. The bodily points (called perceptual focal points) could have the same role as the bow of a boat for the sailor in orienting the spatial position of the boat and its movement. We have observed the presence of these perceptual focal points in 85% of a group of undergraduate stude

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Fetter, Michael, Hans-Christoph Diener, and Johannes Dichgans. "Recovery of Postural Control After an Acute Unilateral Vestibular Lesion in Humans." Journal of Vestibular Research 1, no. 4 (1991): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1991-1405.

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Postural control during stance was investigated using the EQUITEST® system in 10 patients during recovery after an acute unilateral vestibular lesion and was compared to the time course of recovery of the static and dynamic vestibulo-ocular imbalance. During the acute phase the patients showed a characteristic pattern with normal upright stance as long as at least one accurate sensory input (visual or somatosensory) was provided and severe postural disturbances when they had to rely primarily on vestibular afferences. Both static vestibulo-ocular and vestibulo-spinal balance recovered very fas

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Eric, Matheron. "Management of Non-contact Injuries, Nonspecific Chronic Pain, and Prevention via Sensory Conflicts Detection: Vertical Heterophoria as a Landmark Indicator." Journal of Novel Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation 8, no. 1 (2024): 005–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jnpr.1001057.

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Sensory and sensorimotor conflicts can lead to sensory and motor efficiency disturbances, such as pain and less efficient motor control. Vertical heterophoria (VH) and vertical orthophoria (VO) are respectively the latent vertical misalignment of the eyes when the retinal images are dissociated, or not. Mild VH (< 0.57°) could indicate the presence of a conflict resulting from eye refraction problems and/or a disruption of the somaesthetic cues. Canceling the conflict(s) can immediately restore VO, making it possible to observe an improvement in the mobility of spinal and peripheral joints,

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Mirino, Pierandrea, Anna Pecchinenda, Maddalena Boccia, Adriano Capirchio, Fabrizia D’Antonio, and Cecilia Guariglia. "Cerebellum-Cortical Interaction in Spatial Navigation and Its Alteration in Dementias." Brain Sciences 12, no. 5 (2022): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12050523.

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The cerebellum has a homogeneous structure and performs different computational functions such as modulation/coordination of the communication between cerebral regions, and regulation/integration of sensory information. Albeit cerebellar activity is generally associated with motor functions, several recent studies link it to various cognitive functions, including spatial navigation. In addition, cerebellar activity plays a modulatory role in different cognitive domains and brain processes. Depending on the network involved, cerebellar damage results in specific functional alterations, even whe

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10

Yu, Jerry. "Spectrum of myelinated pulmonary afferents (III) cracking intermediate adapting receptors." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 319, no. 6 (2020): R724—R732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00136.2020.

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Conventional one-sensor theory (one afferent fiber connects to a single sensor) categorizes the bronchopulmonary mechanosensors into the rapidly adapting receptors (RARs), slowly adapting receptors (SARs), or intermediate adapting receptors (IARs). RARs and SARs are known to sense the rate and magnitude of mechanical change, respectively; however, there is no agreement on what IARs sense. Some investigators believe that the three types of sensors are actually one group with similar but different properties and IARs operate within that group. Other investigators (majority) believe IARs overlap

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Barios, Juan A., Santiago Ezquerro, Arturo Bertomeu-Motos, et al. "Synchronization of Slow Cortical Rhythms During Motor Imagery-Based Brain–Machine Interface Control." International Journal of Neural Systems 29, no. 05 (2019): 1850045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065718500454.

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Modulation of sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) power, a rhythmic brain oscillation physiologically linked to motor imagery, is a popular Brain–Machine Interface (BMI) paradigm, but its interplay with slower cortical rhythms, also involved in movement preparation and cognitive processing, is not entirely understood. In this study, we evaluated the changes in phase and power of slow cortical activity in delta and theta bands, during a motor imagery task controlled by an SMR-based BMI system. In Experiment I, EEG of 20 right-handed healthy volunteers was recorded performing a motor-imagery task using an

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Cabrera-Álvarez, Jesús, Nina Doorn, Fernando Maestú, and Gianluca Susi. "Modeling the role of the thalamus in resting-state functional connectivity: Nature or structure." PLOS Computational Biology 19, no. 8 (2023): e1011007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011007.

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The thalamus is a central brain structure that serves as a relay station for sensory inputs from the periphery to the cortex and regulates cortical arousal. Traditionally, it has been regarded as a passive relay that transmits information between brain regions. However, recent studies have suggested that the thalamus may also play a role in shaping functional connectivity (FC) in a task-based context. Based on this idea, we hypothesized that due to its centrality in the network and its involvement in cortical activation, the thalamus may also contribute to resting-state FC, a key neurological

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Roy, Martin, Elsa Gilbert, Michel Maziade, and Pierre Marquet. "T26. VISUO-TACTILE TRANSFER AND AUDIO-VISUAL INTEGRATION IMPAIRMENT AS A NEW VULNERABILITY MARKER IN CHILDREN-AT-RISK OF SCHIZOPHRENIA, BIPOLAR DISORDER OR RECURRENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (2020): S241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa029.586.

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Abstract Background Major psychiatric disorders (MPD) such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and recurrent major depression have shared neurodevelopmental vulnerability due to early neuronal and sensory defect as revealed by sensory and cognitive endophenotypes observed in our cohorts (e.g. Gagné et al., Schizophr. Res., 2019). There is considerable evidence that a harmonious self-development - known to be disrupted in MPDs - requires a synchronized multisensory perception and an adequate integration of sensory afferences (e.g. tactile, visual, auditory and proprio / interoception) with cogni

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Cadoni, Gabriella, Pasqualina Maria Picciotti, Rolando Rolesi, et al. "Posturographic Analysis in Patients Affected by Central and Peripheral Visual Impairment." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 10 (2022): 1709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12101709.

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Although vision loss is known to affect equilibrium maintenance, postural control in patients affected by low vision has been poorly investigated. We evaluated postural stability and the ability to use visual, proprioceptive and vestibular information in different low vision patterns. Ten adults with normal vision (NC), fourteen adults affected by central visual impairment (CLV) and eight adults affected by peripheral visual impairment (PLV) were enrolled in our study. Patients underwent visual, vestibular and postural evaluation (bedside examination, Computed Dynamic Posturograophy). Motor Co

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Clarke, Andrew H., and Ludmila Kornilova. "Ocular torsion response to active head-roll movement under one-g and zero-g conditions." Journal of Vestibular Research 17, no. 2-3 (2008): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2007-172-305.

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Transitions to and from microgravity, as experienced during a spaceflight mission, radically alter the demands on sensorimotor coordination. In this contribution, attention is directed to the vestibulo-oculomotor response to active head roll-tilt, generally referred to as ocular counterroll (OCR). Results are presented from a single-case longitudinal study over a 435-day spaceflight and from three further subjects over a 30-day period in microgravity. 1. Under one-g test conditions, with the head initially in the comfortable-upright position, active head-to-trunk roll tilt elicits a combined c

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Jammes, Y. "Tonic sensory pathways of the respiratory system." European Respiratory Journal 1, no. 2 (1988): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.01020176.

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Both respiratory centres and the preganglionic vagal motoneurones, which control respiratory (striated) and airway (smooth) muscles respectively, receive information on the lungs, the circulation and the skeletal and respiratory muscles. Each of these nervous pathways has two components: one is phasic, i.e. in phase with biological rhythms, and comes from mechanoreceptors connected to large myelinated fibres; the second has a tonic low frequency firing rate and corresponds to the spontaneous activity of polymodal receptors connected to thin sensory fibres, which act mostly as sensors of change

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Büyükşahin, Utku, and Ahmet Kırlı. "A low-cost, human-like, high-resolution, tactile sensor based on optical fibers and an image sensor." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 15, no. 4 (2018): 172988141878363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881418783631.

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Tactile sensors are commonly a coordinated group of receptors forming a matrix array meant to measure force or pressure similar to the human skin. Optic-based tactile sensors are flexible, sensitive, and fast; however, the human fingertip’s spatial resolution, which can be regarded as the desired spatial resolution, still could not be reached because of their bulky nature. This article proposes a novel and patented optic-based tactile sensor design, in which fiber optic cables are used to increase the number of sensory receptors per square centimeter. The proposed human-like high-resolution ta

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Feng, Bin, Sonali C. Joyce, and G. F. Gebhart. "Optogenetic activation of mechanically insensitive afferents in mouse colorectum reveals chemosensitivity." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 310, no. 10 (2016): G790—G798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00430.2015.

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The sensory innervation of the distal colorectum includes mechanically insensitive afferents (MIAs; ∼25%), which acquire mechanosensitivity in persistent visceral hypersensitivity and thus generate de novo input to the central nervous system. We utilized an optogenetic approach to bypass the process of transduction (generator potential) and focus on transformation (spike initiation) at colorectal MIA sensory terminals, which is otherwise not possible in typical functional studies. From channelrhodopsin2-expressing mice (driven by Advillin-Cre), the distal colorectum with attached pelvic nerve

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el Manira, A., D. Cattaert, P. Wallen, R. A. DiCaprio, and F. Clarac. "Electrical coupling of mechanoreceptor afferents in the crayfish: a possible mechanism for enhancement of sensory signal transmission." Journal of Neurophysiology 69, no. 6 (1993): 2248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.69.6.2248.

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1. Central electrical coupling between primary afferent axons was investigated in an in vitro preparation of the crayfish thoracic locomotor system by using intracellular recordings. 2. Intracellular injection of the dye Lucifer yellow in single afferents resulted in staining of one to three additional afferents through dye-coupling. Three-dimensional confocal imaging of dye-coupled axons revealed a large zone of close apposition that may correspond to the gap junction site. 3. A depolarization preceding the spike in one sensory terminal was shown to facilitate the excitatory postsynaptic pote

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Mendelson, B., and E. Frank. "Role of competition among sensory neurons in regulation of pattern of innervation at their central and peripheral targets." Journal of Neurophysiology 62, no. 5 (1989): 1189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1989.62.5.1189.

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1. The importance of competitive interactions among muscle sensory afferents on their projections to central and peripheral targets was studied by producing large reductions in the number of afferents during development. Removal of the brachial dorsal root ganglion (DRG2), which normally supplies the entire sensory innervation of the forelimb, in bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles caused a smaller number of neurons in the adjacent thoracic ganglion (DRG3) to sprout into the forelimb and into the brachial spinal cord. 2. Horseradish peroxidase labeling in postmetamorphic animals showed that D

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Anderson, Edmund G. "Serotonergic Modulation of Sensory Afferents." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 43 (1987): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)43484-7.

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22

Connor, Mark, Ligia A. Naves, and Edwin W. McCleskey. "Contrasting Phenotypes of Putative Proprioceptive and Nociceptive Trigeminal Neurons Innervating Jaw Muscle in Rat." Molecular Pain 1 (January 1, 2005): 1744–8069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1744-8069-1-31.

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Background: Despite the clinical significance of muscle pain, and the extensive investigation of the properties of muscle afferent fibers, there has been little study of the ion channels on sensory neurons that innervate muscle. In this study, we have fluorescently tagged sensory neurons that innervate the masseter muscle, which is unique because cell bodies for its muscle spindles are in a brainstem nucleus (mesencephalic nucleus of the 5th cranial nerve, MeV) while all its other sensory afferents are in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). We examine the hypothesis that certain molecules proposed t

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Merfeld, Daniel M., Laurence R. Young, Charles M. Oman, and Mark J. Shelhamert. "A Multidimensional Model of the Effect of Gravity on the Spatial Orientation of the Monkey." Journal of Vestibular Research 3, no. 2 (1993): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1993-3204.

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A “sensory conflict” model of spatial orientation was developed. This mathematical model was based on concepts derived from observer theory, optimal observer theory, and the mathematical properties of coordinate rotations. The primary hypothesis is that the central nervous system of the squirrel monkey incorporates information about body dynamics and sensory dynamics to develop an internal model. The output of this central model (expected sensory afference) is compared to the actual sensory afference, with the difference defined as “sensory conflict”. The sensory conflict information is, in tu

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Shepherd, I. T., Y. Luo, F. Lefcort, L. F. Reichardt, and J. A. Raper. "A sensory axon repellent secreted from ventral spinal cord explants is neutralized by antibodies raised against collapsin-1." Development 124, no. 7 (1997): 1377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.7.1377.

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During embryogenesis, different subclasses of sensory neurons extend central projections to specific locations in the spinal cord. Muscle and cutaneous afferents initially project to the same location in the dorsal cord. Later, specific muscle afferents leave other afferents behind and project into the ventral cord. Previous studies have shown that ventral spinal cord explants secrete a repellent for sensory neurites. We now find that antibodies to collapsin-1 neutralize this repellent activity. Additional data suggest that all afferents respond to collapsin-1 when they are first confined to t

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Cattaert, Daniel, and Michelle Bévengut. "Effects of Antidromic Discharges in Crayfish Primary Afferents." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 4 (2002): 1753–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2002.88.4.1753.

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Contrary to orthodromic spikes that are generated in sensory organs and conveyed to CNS, antidromic spikes are generated in the axon terminals of the sensory neurons within the CNS and are conveyed to the peripheral sensory organ. Antidromic discharges are observed in primary afferent neurons of both vertebrates and invertebrates and seem to be related to the rhythmic activity of central neural networks. In this study, we analyzed the effect of antidromic discharges on the sensory activity of a leg proprioceptor in in vitro preparations of the crayfish CNS. Intracellular microelectrodes were u

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Arabzadeh, Ehsan, Colin W. G. Clifford, Justin A. Harris, David A. Mahns, Vaughan G. Macefield, and Ingvars Birznieks. "Single tactile afferents outperform human subjects in a vibrotactile intensity discrimination task." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 10 (2014): 2382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00482.2014.

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We simultaneously compared the sensitivity of single primary afferent neurons supplying the glabrous skin of the hand and the psychophysical amplitude discrimination thresholds in human subjects for a set of vibrotactile stimuli delivered to the receptive field. All recorded afferents had a dynamic range narrower than the range of amplitudes across which the subjects could discriminate. However, when the vibration amplitude was chosen to be within the steepest part of the afferent's stimulus-response function the response of single afferents, defined as the spike count over the vibration durat

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Oakley, R. A., A. S. Garner, T. H. Large, and E. Frank. "Muscle sensory neurons require neurotrophin-3 from peripheral tissues during the period of normal cell death." Development 121, no. 5 (1995): 1341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.5.1341.

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To determine if muscle sensory neurons require neurotrophin-3 (NT3) during the period of normal cell death, we used an NT3-specific antiserum to deplete NT3 from peripheral tissues during this period in chick embryos. DiI staining of dorsal roots indicated that limb injections of anti-NT3 reduced the spinal projection of muscle spindle afferents. In contrast, injection of the antiserum into the spinal cord had no demonstrable effect, indicating that the reduced projection following limb injection was due to peripheral blockade of NT3 signaling. Counts of neurons retrogradely labeled from muscl

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McCoy, Daniel D., Ligang Zhou, Anh-Khoi Nguyen, Alan G. Watts, Casey M. Donovan, and David D. McKemy. "Enhanced insulin clearance in mice lacking TRPM8 channels." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 305, no. 1 (2013): E78—E88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00542.2012.

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Blood glucose concentration is tightly regulated by the rate of insulin secretion and clearance, a process partially controlled by sensory neurons serving as metabolic sensors in relevant tissues. The activity of these neurons is regulated by the products of metabolism which regulate transmitter release, and recent evidence suggests that neuronally expressed ion channels of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family function in this critical process. Here, we report the novel finding that the cold and menthol-gated channel TRPM8 is necessary for proper insulin homeostasis. Mice lacking TRPM

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Desai, Sapan S., Catherine Zeh, and Anna Lysakowski. "Comparative Morphology of Rodent Vestibular Periphery. I. Saccular and Utricular Maculae." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 1 (2005): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00746.2003.

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Calyx afferents, a group of morphologically and physiologically distinct afferent fibers innervating the striolar region of vestibular sensory epithelia, are selectively labeled by antibodies to the calcium-binding protein calretinin. In this study, the population of calretinin-stained calyx afferents was used to delineate and quantify the striolar region in six rodent species: mouse, rat, gerbil, guinea pig, chinchilla, and tree squirrel. Morphometric studies and hair cell and calyx afferent counts were done. Numbers of hair cells, area, length, and width of the sensory epithelium increase fr

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Montalbetti, Nicolas, James G. Rooney, Allison L. Marciszyn, and Marcelo D. Carattino. "ASIC3 fine-tunes bladder sensory signaling." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 315, no. 4 (2018): F870—F879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00630.2017.

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Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are trimeric proton-activated, cation-selective neuronal channels that are considered to play important roles in mechanosensation and nociception. Here we investigated the role of ASIC3, a subunit primarily expressed in sensory neurons, in bladder sensory signaling and function. We found that extracellular acidification evokes a transient increase in current, consistent with the kinetics of activation and desensitization of ASICs, in ~25% of the bladder sensory neurons harvested from both wild-type (WT) and ASIC3 knockout (KO) mice. The absence of ASIC3 increa

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Sharma, K., Z. Korade, and E. Frank. "Development of specific muscle and cutaneous sensory projections in cultured segments of spinal cord." Development 120, no. 5 (1994): 1315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.5.1315.

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Development of sensory projections was studied in cultured spinal segments with attached dorsal root ganglia. In spinal segments from stage 30 (E6.5) and older chicken embryos, prelabeled muscle and cutaneous afferents established appropriate projections. Cutaneous afferents terminated solely within the dorsolateral laminae, whereas some muscle afferents (presumably Ia afferents) projected ventrally towards motoneurons. Development of appropriate projections suggests that sufficient cues are preserved in spinal segments to support the formation of modality-specific sensory projections. Further

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Bielefeldt, Klaus, Fang Zhong, H. Richard Koerber, and Brian M. Davis. "Phenotypic characterization of gastric sensory neurons in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 291, no. 5 (2006): G987—G997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00080.2006.

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Recent studies suggest that the capsaicin receptor [transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)1] may play a role in visceral mechanosensation. To address the potential role of TRPV1 in vagal sensory neurons, we developed a new in vitro technique allowing us to determine TRPV1 expression directly in physiologically characterized gastric sensory neurons. Stomach, esophagus, and intact vagus nerve up to the central terminations were carefully dissected and placed in a perfusion chamber. Intracellular recordings were made from the soma of nodose neurons during mechanical stimulation of the stom

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Zhang, J. W., J. F. Walker, J. Guardiola, and J. Yu. "Pulmonary sensory and reflex responses in the mouse." Journal of Applied Physiology 101, no. 3 (2006): 986–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00161.2006.

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Mouse model research is proliferating because of its readiness for genetic manipulation. Little is known about pulmonary vagal afferents in mice, however. The purpose of this study was to determine whether their pulmonary afferents are similar to those in large animals. Single-unit activity was recorded in the cervical vagus nerve of anesthetized, open-chest, and mechanically ventilated mice. We evaluated airway sensory activity in 153 single units; 141 were mechanosensitive, with 134 inflation receptors and 7 deflation receptors. The remaining 12 receptors were chemosensitive and mechanically

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Boada, M. Danilo. "Relationship between electrophysiological signature and defined sensory modality of trigeminal ganglion neurons in vivo." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 3 (2013): 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00693.2012.

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The trigeminal ganglia (TG) innervate a heterogeneous set of highly sensitive and exposed tissues. Weak, innocuous stimuli can evoke pain as a normal response in some areas such as the cornea. This observation implies, however, the capability of low-threshold mechanoreceptors, inducing pain in the normal condition. To clarify this matter, the present study correlates the electrical signature (both fiber conduction velocity and somatic electrical properties) with receptor field, mechanical threshold, and temperature responsiveness of sensory afferents innervating tissues with dissimilar sensiti

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Stemme, Torben, and Sarah E. Pfeffer. "Anatomy of the Nervous System in Chelifer cancroides (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) with a Distinct Sensory Pathway Associated with the Pedipalps." Insects 13, no. 1 (2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13010025.

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Many arachnid taxa have evolved unique, highly specialized sensory structures such as antenniform legs in Amblypygi (whip spiders), for instance, or mesosomal pectines in scorpions. Knowledge of the neuroanatomy as well as functional aspects of these sensory organs is rather scarce, especially in comparison to other arthropod clades. In pseudoscorpions, no special sensory structures have been discovered so far. Nevertheless, these animals possess dominant, multifunctional pedipalps, which are good candidates for being the primary sensory appendages. However, only little is known about the anat

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Hay, M., and D. L. Kunze. "Glutamate metabotropic receptor inhibition of voltage-gated calcium currents in visceral sensory neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 72, no. 1 (1994): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.72.1.421.

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1. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have been suggested to modulate neurotransmission of glutamatergic pathways via autoreceptive action. Visceral sensory afferents and baroreceptor afferents in particular are thought to utilize L-glutamate (L-glu) as a primary neurotransmitter. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether visceral sensory afferents possess a mGluR and determine the effect of mGluR activation on voltage-gated calcium currents in these neurons. 2. Activation of mGluRs by the selective agonist trans-(+/-)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD) revers

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Hinckley, Christopher A., Eric P. Wiesner, George Z. Mentis, David J. Titus, and Lea Ziskind-Conhaim. "Sensory Modulation of Locomotor-Like Membrane Oscillations in Hb9-Expressing Interneurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 6 (2010): 3407–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00996.2009.

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The central pattern generator can generate locomotor-like rhythmic activity in the spinal cord in the absence of descending and peripheral inputs, but the motor pattern is regulated by feedback from peripheral sensory inputs that adjust motor outputs to external stimuli. To elucidate the possible role of Hb9-expressing interneurons (Hb9 INs) in the locomotor circuitry, we investigated whether their induced oscillatory activity is modulated by low-threshold afferents in the isolated spinal cords of neonatal Hb9:eGFP transgenic mice. Low-intensity stimulation of segmental afferents generated sho

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Fu, Liang-Wu, and John C. Longhurst. "A new function for ATP: activating cardiac sympathetic afferents during myocardial ischemia." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 299, no. 6 (2010): H1762—H1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00822.2010.

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Myocardial ischemia activates cardiac sympathetic afferents leading to chest pain and reflex cardiovascular responses. Brief myocardial ischemia leads to ATP release in the interstitial space. Furthermore, exogenous ATP and α,β-methylene ATP (α,β-meATP), a P2X receptor agonist, stimulate cutaneous group III and IV sensory nerve fibers. The present study tested the hypothesis that endogenous ATP excites cardiac afferents during ischemia through activation of P2 receptors. Nerve activity of single unit cardiac sympathetic afferents was recorded from the left sympathetic chain or rami communicate

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DiCaprio, Ralph A., Harald Wolf, and Ansgar Büschges. "Activity-Dependent Sensitivity of Proprioceptive Sensory Neurons in the Stick Insect Femoral Chordotonal Organ." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 5 (2002): 2387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00339.2002.

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Mechanosensory neurons exhibit a wide range of dynamic changes in response, including rapid and slow adaptation. In addition to mechanical factors, electrical processes may also contribute to sensory adaptation. We have investigated adaptation of afferent neurons in the stick insect femoral chordotonal organ (fCO). The fCO contains sensory neurons that respond to position, velocity, and acceleration of the tibia. We describe the influence of random mechanical stimulation of the fCO on the response of fCO afferent neurons. The activity of individual sensory neurons was recorded intracellularly

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Bui, Tuan V., and Robert M. Brownstone. "Sensory-evoked perturbations of locomotor activity by sparse sensory input: a computational study." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 7 (2015): 2824–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00866.2014.

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Sensory inputs from muscle, cutaneous, and joint afferents project to the spinal cord, where they are able to affect ongoing locomotor activity. Activation of sensory input can initiate or prolong bouts of locomotor activity depending on the identity of the sensory afferent activated and the timing of the activation within the locomotor cycle. However, the mechanisms by which afferent activity modifies locomotor rhythm and the distribution of sensory afferents to the spinal locomotor networks have not been determined. Considering the many sources of sensory inputs to the spinal cord, determini

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Sailer, Uta, Marlene Hausmann, and Ilona Croy. "Pleasantness Only?" Experimental Psychology 67, no. 4 (2020): 224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000492.

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Abstract. When gently stroked with velocities between 0.1 and 30 cm/s, participants typically rate velocities around 3 cm/s as most pleasant, and the ratings follow an inverted u-shape. This pleasantness curve correlates often, but not always, with the firing rate of unmyelinated C-tactile (CT) afferents, leading to the notion that CT afferents code for the hedonic or emotional aspect of gentle touch. However, there is also evidence that CT firing does not necessarily equal pleasantness, and the range of attributes that CT afferents code for is not known. Here, participants were stroked with d

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Ménard, Ariane, Hugues Leblond, and Jean-Pierre Gossard. "Sensory Integration in Presynaptic Inhibitory Pathways During Fictive Locomotion in the Cat." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 1 (2002): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2002.88.1.163.

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The aim of this study is to understand how sensory inputs of different modalities are integrated into spinal cord pathways controlling presynaptic inhibition during locomotion. Primary afferent depolarization (PAD), an estimate of presynaptic inhibition, was recorded intra-axonally in group I afferents ( n = 31) from seven hindlimb muscles in L6–S1 segments during fictive locomotion in the decerebrate cat. PADs were evoked by stimulating alternatively low-threshold afferents from a flexor nerve, a cutaneous nerve and a combination of both. The fictive step cycle was divided in five bins and PA

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Ray, Didier Le, François Clarac, and Daniel Cattaert. "Functional Analysis of the Sensory Motor Pathway of Resistance Reflex in Crayfish. II. Integration of Sensory Inputs in Motor Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 6 (1997): 3144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.6.3144.

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Le Ray, Didier, François Clarac, and Daniel Cattaert. Functional analysis of the sensory motor pathway of resistance reflex in crayfish. II. Integration of sensory inputs in motor neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 3144–3153, 1997. The in vitro preparation of the fifth thoracic ganglion of the crayfish was used to analyze the connections supporting the monosynaptic reflex responses recorded from the depressor motor neurons (Dep MNs). Dep MNs are directly connected by the release-sensitive afferents from a proprioceptor, the coxo-basipodite chordotonal organ (CBCO), which is released by upward movem

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Gu, Qihai, and Ruei-Lung Lin. "Heavy metals zinc, cadmium, and copper stimulate pulmonary sensory neurons via direct activation of TRPA1." Journal of Applied Physiology 108, no. 4 (2010): 891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01371.2009.

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Airway exposure to zinc dust and zinc-containing ambient particulates can cause symptoms of airway irritation and inflammation, but the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are largely unknown. Transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) is selectively expressed in a subpopulation of pulmonary C-fiber afferents and has been considered as a major irritant sensor in the lung and airways. Using whole cell patch-clamp recording and Ca2+ imaging, we have demonstrated that application of ZnCl2 concentration dependently evoked inward current and Ca2+ transient in isolated vagal pulmonary sensory

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Ito, Takayuki, and David J. Ostry. "Somatosensory Contribution to Motor Learning Due to Facial Skin Deformation." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 3 (2010): 1230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00199.2010.

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Motor learning is dependent on kinesthetic information that is obtained both from cutaneous afferents and from muscle receptors. In human arm movement, information from these two kinds of afferents is largely correlated. The facial skin offers a unique situation in which there are plentiful cutaneous afferents and essentially no muscle receptors and, accordingly, experimental manipulations involving the facial skin may be used to assess the possible role of cutaneous afferents in motor learning. We focus here on the information for motor learning provided by the deformation of the facial skin

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Kirkup, Anthony J., Alan M. Brunsden, and David Grundy. "I. Receptors on visceral afferents." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 280, no. 5 (2001): G787—G794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.5.g787.

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Visceral afferents are the information superhighway from the gut to the central nervous system. These sensory nerves express a wide range of membrane receptors that can modulate their sensitivity. In this themes article, we concentrate on those receptors that enhance the excitability of visceral afferent neurons. Some receptors are part of a modality-specific transduction pathway involved in sensory signaling. Others, which are activated by substances derived from multiple cellular sources during ischemia, injury, or inflammation, act in a synergistic fashion to cause acute or chronic sensitiz

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Rousselot, P., D. A. Poulain, and D. T. Theodosis. "Ultrastructural visualization and neurochemical characterization of spinal projections of primary sensory afferents from the nipple: combined use of transganglionic transport of HRP-WGA and glutamate immunocytochemistry." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 42, no. 1 (1994): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/42.1.8263323.

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We used transganglionic transport of the neuronal tracer horseradish peroxidase coupled to wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA) and post-embedding immunogold staining to determine the spinal projections and neurochemical identity of sensory afferents originating from a discrete cutaneous area. After SC injection of tracer into the nipple of lactating rats and reaction with tetramethylbenzidine stabilized with diaminobenzidene (TMB-DAB) or DAB and cobalt (TMB-DAB-Co), we found labeled terminals in the internal part of the first two layers of the dorsal horn where they formed axodendritic synapses an

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Lüdtke, Niklas, and Mark E. Nelson. "Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity Can Enhance Weak Signal Detectability in Nonrenewal Spike Trains." Neural Computation 18, no. 12 (2006): 2879–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2006.18.12.2879.

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We study the encoding of weak signals in spike trains with interspike interval (ISI) correlations and the signals' subsequent detection in sensory neurons. Motivated by the observation of negative ISI correlations in auditory and electrosensory afferents, we assess the theoretical performance limits of an individual detector neuron receiving a weak signal distributed across multiple afferent inputs. We assess the functional role of ISI correlations in the detection process using statistical detection theory and derive two sequential likelihood ratio detector models: one for afferents with rene

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Umeda, Tatsuya, Tadashi Isa, and Yukio Nishimura. "Proprioceptive information coded by populational sensory afferents." Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 3, no. 5 (2014): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7600/jpfsm.3.477.

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Runold, M., N. R. Prabhakar, and N. S. Cherniack. "Effect of adenosine on vagal sensory afferents." Biological Psychology 29, no. 1 (1989): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(89)90071-9.

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