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Journal articles on the topic 'Sensory expectation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Zeljko, Mick, Philip M. Grove, and Ada Kritikos. "Implicit expectation modulates multisensory perception." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 84, no. 3 (2022): 915–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-022-02460-z.

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AbstractStimulus statistics can induce expectations that in turn can influence multisensory perception. In three experiments, we manipulate perceptual history by biasing stimulus statistics and examined the effect of implicit expectations on the perceptual resolution of a bistable visual stimulus that is modulated by sound. First, we found a general effect of expectation such that responses were biased in line with the biased statistics and interpret this as a bias towards an implicitly expected outcome. Second, expectation did not influence the perception of all types of stimuli. In both Expe

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Kok, Peter, Michel F. Failing, and Floris P. de Lange. "Prior Expectations Evoke Stimulus Templates in the Primary Visual Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 7 (2014): 1546–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00562.

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Sensory processing is strongly influenced by prior expectations. Valid expectations have been shown to lead to improvements in perception as well as in the quality of sensory representations in primary visual cortex. However, very little is known about the neural correlates of the expectations themselves. Previous studies have demonstrated increased activity in sensory cortex following the omission of an expected stimulus, yet it is unclear whether this increased activity constitutes a general surprise signal or rather has representational content. One intriguing possibility is that top–down e

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Panichello, Matthew F., and Nicholas B. Turk-Browne. "Behavioral and Neural Fusion of Expectation with Sensation." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 33, no. 5 (2021): 814–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01684.

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Abstract Humans perceive expected stimuli faster and more accurately. However, the mechanism behind the integration of expectations with sensory information during perception remains unclear. We investigated the hypothesis that such integration depends on “fusion”—the weighted averaging of different cues informative about stimulus identity. We first trained participants to map a range of tones onto faces spanning a male–female continuum via associative learning. These two features served as expectation and sensory cues to sex, respectively. We then tested specific predictions about the consequ

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Kok, Peter, Pim Mostert, and Floris P. de Lange. "Prior expectations induce prestimulus sensory templates." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 39 (2017): 10473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1705652114.

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Perception can be described as a process of inference, integrating bottom-up sensory inputs and top-down expectations. However, it is unclear how this process is neurally implemented. It has been proposed that expectations lead to prestimulus baseline increases in sensory neurons tuned to the expected stimulus, which in turn, affect the processing of subsequent stimuli. Recent fMRI studies have revealed stimulus-specific patterns of activation in sensory cortex as a result of expectation, but this method lacks the temporal resolution necessary to distinguish pre- from poststimulus processes. H

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Elijah, Ruth B., Mike E. Le Pelley, and Thomas J. Whitford. "Act Now, Play Later: Temporal Expectations Regarding the Onset of Self-initiated Sensations Can Be Modified with Behavioral Training." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 30, no. 8 (2018): 1145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01269.

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Mechanisms of motor-sensory prediction are dependent on expectations regarding when self-generated feedback will occur. Existing behavioral and electrophysiological research suggests that we have a default expectation for immediate sensory feedback after executing an action. However, studies investigating the adaptability of this temporal expectation have been limited in their ability to differentiate modified expectations per se from effects of stimulus repetition. Here, we use a novel, within-participant procedure that allowed us to disentangle the effect of repetition from expectation and a

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Emberson, Lauren L., John E. Richards, and Richard N. Aslin. "Top-down modulation in the infant brain: Learning-induced expectations rapidly affect the sensory cortex at 6 months." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 31 (2015): 9585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510343112.

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Recent theoretical work emphasizes the role of expectation in neural processing, shifting the focus from feed-forward cortical hierarchies to models that include extensive feedback (e.g., predictive coding). Empirical support for expectation-related feedback is compelling but restricted to adult humans and nonhuman animals. Given the considerable differences in neural organization, connectivity, and efficiency between infant and adult brains, it is a crucial yet open question whether expectation-related feedback is an inherent property of the cortex (i.e., operational early in development) or

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YANAGISAWA, Hideyoshi. "How does expectation affect sensory experience?" International Symposium on Affective Science and Engineering ISASE2019 (2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5057/isase.2019-c000014.

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Sears, David RW, Marcus T. Pearce, Jacob Spitzer, William E. Caplin, and Stephen McAdams. "Expectations for tonal cadences: Sensory and cognitive priming effects." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 6 (2018): 1422–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818814472.

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Studies examining the formation of melodic and harmonic expectations during music listening have repeatedly demonstrated that a tonal context primes listeners to expect certain (tonally related) continuations over others. However, few such studies have (1) selected stimuli using ready examples of expectancy violation derived from real-world instances of tonal music, (2) provided a consistent account for the influence of sensory and cognitive mechanisms on tonal expectancies by comparing different computational simulations, or (3) combined melodic and harmonic representations in modelling cogni

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YANAGISAWA, Hideyoshi. "Erratum: How does expectation affect sensory experience?" International Symposium on Affective Science and Engineering ISASE2019 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5057/isase.isase2019.0_1_47.

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10

Teufel, Christoph. "Sensory Neuroscience: Linking Dopamine, Expectation, and Hallucinations." Current Biology 28, no. 4 (2018): R158—R160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.003.

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Sheibani, Ershad, Golshan Matinfar, Sahar Jazaeri, and Abdorreza Mohammadi. "Influences of sensory and non-sensory factors on consumer perception of saffroned products." British Food Journal 121, no. 11 (2019): 2883–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2018-0838.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influences of the interactions of taste, colour and labelling on sensory perception, liking and identification of saffroned products. Design/methodology/approach The consumer and discrimination tests (N=120, 18, 25, 78, for Experiments 1–4, respectively) were conducted. The analyses of discrimination tests were performed using the Thurstonian model and R-index. The results from consumer studies were analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, penalty analysis and correlation matrix. Findings The study revealed that saffron can interact with t

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Pivin-Bachler, Julie, Egon L. van den Broek, and Randy Gomez. "Handling sensory disabilities in a smart society." Journal of Smart Cities and Society 3, no. 1 (2024): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/scs-230019.

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Billions of people live with visual and/or hearing impairments. Regrettably, their access to systems remains delayed, leaving them socially excluded. The need for universal access of next-generation systems and users’ inclusion is paramount. We pose that a smart society should respond to this crucial need. Following ability-based design principles, we introduce a simulated social robot that adapts to users’ sensory abilities. Its working was assessed via a Rock–Paper–Scissors game in an Intelligent Environment (IE), using three modes: where the user is able to see and hear, only see, or only h

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Zuanazzi, Arianna, and Uta Noppeney. "The Intricate Interplay of Spatial Attention and Expectation: a Multisensory Perspective." Multisensory Research 33, no. 4-5 (2020): 383–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-20201482.

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Abstract Attention (i.e., task relevance) and expectation (i.e., signal probability) are two critical top-down mechanisms guiding perceptual inference. Attention prioritizes processing of information that is relevant for observers’ current goals. Prior expectations encode the statistical structure of the environment. Research to date has mostly conflated spatial attention and expectation. Most notably, the Posner cueing paradigm manipulates spatial attention using probabilistic cues that indicate where the subsequent stimulus is likely to be presented. Only recently have studies attempted to d

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Cottereau, B., J. Ales, and A. Norcia. "Decoding the mismatch between expectation and sensory input." Journal of Vision 11, no. 11 (2011): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/11.11.267.

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Rohenkohl, G., A. M. Cravo, V. Wyart, and A. C. Nobre. "Temporal Expectation Improves the Quality of Sensory Information." Journal of Neuroscience 32, no. 24 (2012): 8424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0804-12.2012.

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Panichello, M. F., and N. B. Turk-Browne. "Sensory and expectation cues are fused during perception." Journal of Vision 14, no. 10 (2014): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/14.10.1168.

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17

Walsh, Kevin S., and David P. McGovern. "Expectation Suppression Dampens Sensory Representations of Predicted Stimuli." Journal of Neuroscience 38, no. 50 (2018): 10592–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2133-18.2018.

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Sengupta, Ankita, and Devarajan Sridharan. "Reward expectation yields distinct effects on sensory processing and decision making in the human brain." PLOS Biology 23, no. 7 (2025): e3003234. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003234.

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Reward expectation robustly guides both attention and decisions. Yet, whether common or distinct mechanisms mediate each of these processes remains unknown. Previous studies have often conflated the effect of reward expectation on sensory processing and decision-making because locations selected for sensory prioritization (sensitivity effects) were also prioritized for decisions (criterion effects). Here, we identify distinct forms of reward expectation that separably control spatial attention and decisional biases in human cortex. Sensitivity and criterion were independently modulated when ex

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Menceloglu, Melisa, Marcia Grabowecky, and Satoru Suzuki. "Rhythm Violation Enhances Auditory-Evoked Responses to the Extent of Overriding Sensory Adaptation in Passive Listening." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 9 (2020): 1654–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01578.

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Sensory systems utilize temporal structure in the environment to build expectations about the timing of forthcoming events. We investigated the effects of rhythm-based temporal expectation on auditory responses measured with EEG recorded from the frontocentral sites implicated in auditory processing. By manipulating temporal expectation and the interonset interval (IOI) of tones, we examined how neural responses adapted to auditory rhythm and reacted to stimuli that violated the rhythm. Participants passively listened to the tones while watching a silent nature video. In Experiment 1 ( n = 22)

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Sharvit, Gil, Patrik Vuilleumier, and Corrado Corradi-Dell'Acqua. "Sensory-specific predictive models in the human anterior insula." F1000Research 8 (February 6, 2019): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17961.1.

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Expectations affect the subjective experience of pain by increasing sensitivity to noxious events, an effect underlain by brain regions such as the insula. However, it has been debated whether these neural processes operate on pain-specific information or on more general signals encoding expectation of unpleasant events. To dissociate these possibilities, two independent studies (Sharvit et al., 2018, Pain; Fazeli and Büchel, 2018, J. Neurosci) implemented a cross-modal expectancy paradigm, testing whether responses to pain could also be modulated by the expectation of similarly unpleasant, bu

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Rothwell, Austin, and Miriam Spering. "Cognitive expectation modulates ocular torsion." Journal of Vision 17, no. 10 (2017): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/17.10.275.

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Huang, Ling, and xilin zhang. "Center-Surround Inhibition in Expectation." Journal of Vision 23, no. 9 (2023): 5202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.23.9.5202.

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Simon, Alexander J., Jessica N. Schachtner, and Courtney L. Gallen. "Disentangling expectation from selective attention during perceptual decision making." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 6 (2019): 1977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00639.2018.

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A large body of work has investigated the effects of attention and expectation on early sensory processing to support decision making. In a recent paper published in The Journal of Neuroscience, Rungratsameetaweemana et al. (Rungratsameetaweemana N, Itthipuripat S, Salazar A, Serences JT. J Neurosci 38: 5632–5648, 2018) found that expectations driven by implicitly learned task regularities do not modulate neural markers of early visual processing. Here, we discuss these findings and propose several lines of follow-up analyses and experiments that could expand on these findings in the broader p

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Voss, Martin, James N. Ingram, Daniel M. Wolpert, and Patrick Haggard. "Mere Expectation to Move Causes Attenuation of Sensory Signals." PLoS ONE 3, no. 8 (2008): e2866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002866.

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Wiggins, Matthew S., and Robert J. Brustad. "Perception of Anxiety and Expectations of Performance." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 3 (1996): 1071–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3.1071.

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The purpose of this study was to examine expectations of performance and the directionality of anxiety. Directionality refers to the facilitative or debilitative aspects of anxiety. Subjects were 91 athletes competing in soccer, swimming, and track and field. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 with an added Facilitative/Debilitative scale and Expectation of Performance scale was employed. Analysis showed that athletes with lower scores on cognitive and somatic anxiety, and higher scores on self-confidence perceived their anxiety as more facilitative of performance. These athletes also h

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ROTH, YUVAL, and RAMESH JAIN. "SIMULATION AND EXPECTATION IN SENSOR-BASED SYSTEMS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 07, no. 01 (1993): 145–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001493000091.

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Simulations have traditionally been used as off-line tools for examining process models and experimenting with system models for which it would have been either impossible or too dangerous, expensive, or time-consuming, to perform with physical systems. We propose a novel way of regarding simulations as part of both the development and the working phases of systems. In our approach simulation is used within the processing and control loop of the system to provide sensor and state expectations. This minimizes the inverse sensory data analysis and model maintenance problems. We refer to this mod

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An, Uijeong, Xiaofen Du, and Wanyi Wang. "Consumer Expectation of Flavored Water Function, Sensory Quality, and Sugar Reduction, and the Impact of Demographic Variables and Woman Consumer Segment." Foods 11, no. 10 (2022): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11101434.

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This study aimed to investigate consumer expectation of flavored water and potential consumer segments. The results showed flavored water was ranked the fourth most popular drink, after plain water, tea, and coffee, by 901 participants. Consumers highly expected functional flavored water with refreshing (87.4% selection), thirst-quenching (73.7%), and tasty (65.7%) qualities, containing vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, and providing energy. Expected flavored water sensory qualities included temperature (62.4%), flavor (52.4%), and sweet taste (47.4%); lemon, berry, and lime flavors were m

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Ren, Yanna, Zhihan Xu, Fengxia Wu, et al. "Does Temporal Expectation Driven by Rhythmic Cues Differ From That Driven by Symbolic Cues Across the Millisecond and Second Range?" Perception 48, no. 6 (2019): 515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006619847579.

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Temporal expectation relies on different predictive information, such as regular rhythms and symbolic cues, to direct attention to a future moment in time to optimize behaviour. However, whether differences exist between temporal expectations driven by regular rhythms and symbolic cues has not been clearly established. In this study, 20 participants performed two temporal expectation tasks in which a rhythmic cue or a symbolic cue indicated (70% expected) that the target would appear after an interval of 500 ms (short), 1,500 ms (medium), or 2,500 ms (long). We found larger cueing effects for

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Chopin, A., M. Capps, and P. Mamassian. "Expectation from temporal sequences influences binocular rivalry." Journal of Vision 10, no. 7 (2010): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/10.7.347.

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Puri, A., D. Whitney, and C. Ranganath. "Facilitatory effects of expectation on object discrimination." Journal of Vision 8, no. 6 (2010): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/8.6.136.

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Esterman, M., and S. Yantis. "Category expectation modulates object-selective cortical activity." Journal of Vision 8, no. 6 (2010): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/8.6.555.

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Ueda, Natsuki, Kanji Tanaka, and Katsumi Watanabe. "Memory decay enhances central bias in time perception." i-Perception 13, no. 6 (2022): 204166952211404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695221140428.

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Temporal expectations are essential for appropriately interacting with the environment, but they can be biased. This tendency, called central bias, places higher weights on expected rather than actual duration distributions when perceiving incoming sensory stimuli. In particular, the central bias is strengthened in order to decrease total response error when incoming sensory stimuli are unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether the central bias was enhanced via memory decay. For this, we used a delayed reproduction task, manipulating retention periods by introducing delays between

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Brayanov, Jordan B., and Maurice A. Smith. "Bayesian and “Anti-Bayesian” Biases in Sensory Integration for Action and Perception in the Size–Weight Illusion." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 3 (2010): 1518–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00814.2009.

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Which is heavier: a pound of lead or a pound of feathers? This classic trick question belies a simple but surprising truth: when lifted, the pound of lead feels heavier—a phenomenon known as the size–weight illusion. To estimate the weight of an object, our CNS combines two imperfect sources of information: a prior expectation, based on the object's appearance, and direct sensory information from lifting it. Bayes' theorem (or Bayes' law) defines the statistically optimal way to combine multiple information sources for maximally accurate estimation. Here we asked whether the mechanisms for com

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Aitken, Fraser, Georgios Menelaou, Oliver Warrington, et al. "Prior expectations evoke stimulus-specific activity in the deep layers of the primary visual cortex." PLOS Biology 18, no. 12 (2020): e3001023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001023.

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The way we perceive the world is strongly influenced by our expectations. In line with this, much recent research has revealed that prior expectations strongly modulate sensory processing. However, the neural circuitry through which the brain integrates external sensory inputs with internal expectation signals remains unknown. In order to understand the computational architecture of the cortex, we need to investigate the way these signals flow through the cortical layers. This is crucial because the different cortical layers have distinct intra- and interregional connectivity patterns, and the

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Ramnani, N., I. Toni, O. Josephs, J. Ashburner, and R. E. Passingham. "Learning- and Expectation-Related Changes in the Human Brain During Motor Learning." Journal of Neurophysiology 84, no. 6 (2000): 3026–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.84.6.3026.

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We have studied a simple form of motor learning in the human brain so as to isolate activity related to motor learning and the prediction of sensory events. Whole-brain, event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to record activity during classical discriminative delay eyeblink conditioning. Auditory conditioned stimulus (CS+) trials were presented either with a corneal airpuff unconditioned stimulus (US, paired), or without a US (unpaired). Auditory CS− trials were never reinforced with a US. Trials were presented pseudorandomly, 66 times each. The subjects gradually

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Luo, Yi, Terry Lohrenz, Ellen A. Lumpkin, P. Read Montague, and Kenneth T. Kishida. "The expectations humans have of a pleasurable sensation asymmetrically shape neuronal responses and subjective experiences to hot sauce." PLOS Biology 22, no. 10 (2024): e3002818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002818.

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Expectations shape our perception, profoundly influencing how we interpret the world. Positive expectations about sensory stimuli can alleviate distress and reduce pain (e.g., placebo effect), while negative expectations may heighten anxiety and exacerbate pain (e.g., nocebo effect). To investigate the impact of the (an)hedonic aspect of expectations on subjective experiences, we measured neurobehavioral responses to the taste of hot sauce among participants with heterogeneous taste preferences. By identifying participants who “liked” versus those who strongly “disliked” spicy flavors and by p

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Gisel, Erika G., and Hannah Schwob. "Relation between an Oral Form Discrimination Task and Chewing Behavior in Normal 5- to 8-Year-Old Children." Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 8, no. 4 (1988): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944928800800402.

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Therapists often apply oral-sensory stimulation to children with eating problems with the expectation that sensory stimulation will facilitate chewing and swallowing. Evidence from the literature to support such an expectation is inconsistent, which may be due to the difficulty of separating the sensory from the motor component when working with the eating-impaired child The present study addresses the question of whether any correlation between measures of chewing and oral sensation can be shown in healthy normal children by using normative data from a chewing assessment (Gisel, 1988a) and a

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Press, Clare, Emily Thomas, and Daniel Yon. "The influence of expectation on visual cortical processing." Journal of Vision 22, no. 14 (2022): 3089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.22.14.3089.

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Zivony, Alon, and Martin Eimer. "Direct attention-independent expectation effects on visual perception." Journal of Vision 23, no. 9 (2023): 4803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.23.9.4803.

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Weis, Tina, André Brechmann, Sebastian Puschmann, and Christiane M. Thiel. "Feedback that confirms reward expectation triggers auditory cortex activity." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 8 (2013): 1860–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00128.2013.

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Associative learning studies have shown that the anticipation of reward and punishment shapes the representation of sensory stimuli, which is further modulated by dopamine. Less is known about whether and how reward delivery activates sensory cortices and the role of dopamine at that time point of learning. We used an appetitive instrumental learning task in which participants had to learn that a specific class of frequency-modulated tones predicted a monetary reward following fast and correct responses in a succeeding reaction time task. These fMRI data were previously analyzed regarding the

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Curtis, Ashley, Amy Costa, Madison Musich, Anthony Schmiedeler, Kenda Eberhardt, and Christina McCrae. "EXPECTATION AND ENGAGEMENT IMPACT COGNITIVE TRAINING BENEFITS IN MID-TO-LATE LIFE." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 43–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.0132.

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Abstract Lack of pharmacological agents for cognition has prompted research on behavioral treatments such as cognitive training (CT). Evidence regarding CT benefit is mixed. In accordance with the biopsychosocial model, we examined whether individual characteristics such as expectation for improvement and engagement levels impact CT benefits in middle-aged/older adults. In Study 1, older adults with insomnia (N=24) completed 6-week CT (Nintendo DS-Big Brain Academy; 60 mins/day, 3x/week) and waitlist control (WLC) in a cross-over design. At baseline and post-CT/post-WLC, participants completed

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Ketkaew, Chavis, Peerapong Wongthahan, and Amporn Sae-Eaw. "How sauce color affects consumer emotional response and purchase intention: a structural equation modeling approach for sensory analysis." British Food Journal 123, no. 6 (2021): 2152–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2020-0578.

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PurposeHere the authors investigate the effects of a visual color cue (brown color) on saltiness expectations, emotional responses and purchase intention of commercial soy sauce products.Design/methodology/approachThe study enrolled 100 participates, and three sauce colors (light brown, medium brown and dark brown) were used as treatments in this experimental design research. The data analysis was done by a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach with repeated measures.FindingsThe findings indicated that, for the medium and dark brown sauces, the final model revealed a positive effect of s

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BRANDT, THOMAS, ANGELA DEUTSCHLÄNDER, STEFAN GLASAUER, et al. "Expectation of Sensory Stimulation Modulates Brain Activation during Visual Motion Stimulation." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1039, no. 1 (2005): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1325.031.

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Rungratsameetaweemana, Nuttida, and John T. Serences. "Dissociating the impact of attention and expectation on early sensory processing." Current Opinion in Psychology 29 (October 2019): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.03.014.

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Bridgeman, Bruce. "Applications of predictive control in neuroscience." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36, no. 3 (2013): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12002282.

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AbstractThe sensory cortex has been interpreted as coding information rather than stimulus properties since Sokolov in 1960 showed increased response to an unexpected stimulus decrement. The motor cortex is also organized around expectation, coding the goal of an act rather than a set of muscle movements. Expectation drives not only immediate responses but also the very structure of the cortex, as demonstrated by development of receptive fields that mirror the structure of the visual world.

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Stoilova, Vanya V., Beate Knauer, Stephanie Berg, Evelyn Rieber, Frank Jäkel, and Maik C. Stüttgen. "Auditory cortex reflects goal-directed movement but is not necessary for behavioral adaptation in sound-cued reward tracking." Journal of Neurophysiology 124, no. 4 (2020): 1056–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00736.2019.

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Recent evidence suggests that sensory cortex represents nonsensory variables such as reward expectation, but the relevance of these representations for behavior are not well understood. We show that rat auditory cortex (AC) is modulated during movement and reward anticipation in a sound-cued reward tracking task, whereas AC inactivation only impaired discrimination without affecting reward tracking, consistent with a predominantly sensory role of AC.

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Yonathan, Christianus Jodi, Yoga Pamudya Gunawan Ristam, Vania Aurellia Wijaya, and Oki Krisbianto. "FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION AND QUANTITATIVE SENSORY ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY SENSORY PARAMETERS OF NEW FOOD PRODUCT." JOURNAL OF TOURISM, CULINARY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP (JTCE) 1, no. 1 (2021): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37715/jtce.v1i1.1800.

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Focus Group Discussions (FGD) is a renowned method for new food product development. This research used FGD followed by Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) and Affective Test (AT) to identify the sensory parameters of pineapple wine. Based on FGD, five parameters were found to be crucial for panelists while testing the wine, i.e. distinctive pineapple aroma, sweetness, alcoholic flavor, alcoholic taste and appearance. These five parameters were then used in QDA and AT to understand the expectation of panelists on the sample which was served. It was found that FGD, QDA and AT were effective

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Erol, Muge, Arien Mack, and Jason Clarke. "Expectation Blindness: Seeing a face when there is none." Journal of Vision 18, no. 10 (2018): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/18.10.1115.

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Maryott, J., A. Noyce, and R. Sekuler. "Eye movements and imitation learning: Intentional disruption of expectation." Journal of Vision 11, no. 1 (2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/11.1.7.

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Grubb, Michael, Nick Crotty, Nicole Massa, Dagoberto Tellez, and Alex White. "Expectation modulates the reflexive allocation of covert spatial attention." Journal of Vision 23, no. 9 (2023): 4933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.23.9.4933.

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