Journal articles: 'Sensory organs'

1

Strauß, Johannes, Nataša Stritih, and Reinhard Lakes-Harlan. "The subgenual organ complex in the cave cricket Troglophilus neglectus (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae): comparative innervation and sensory evolution." Royal Society Open Science 1, no. 2 (October 2014): 140240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140240.

Full text

Abstract:

Comparative studies of the organization of nervous systems and sensory organs can reveal their evolution and specific adaptations. In the forelegs of some Ensifera (including crickets and tettigoniids), tympanal hearing organs are located in close proximity to the mechanosensitive subgenual organ (SGO). In the present study, the SGO complex in the non-hearing cave cricket Troglophilus neglectus (Rhaphidophoridae) is investigated for the neuronal innervation pattern and for organs homologous to the hearing organs in related taxa. We analyse the innervation pattern of the sensory organs (SGO and intermediate organ (IO)) and its variability between individuals. In T. neglectus , the IO consists of two major groups of closely associated sensilla with different positions. While the distal-most sensilla superficially resemble tettigoniid auditory sensilla in location and orientation, the sensory innervation does not show these two groups to be distinct organs. Though variability in the number of sensory nerve branches occurs, usually either organ is supplied by a single nerve branch. Hence, no sensory elements clearly homologous to the auditory organ are evident. In contrast to other non-hearing Ensifera, the cave cricket sensory structures are relatively simple, consistent with a plesiomorphic organization resembling sensory innervation in grasshoppers and stick insects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Brewster, R., and R. Bodmer. "Origin and specification of type II sensory neurons in Drosophila." Development 121, no. 9 (September 1, 1995): 2923–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.9.2923.

Full text

Abstract:

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) of Drosophila is a preferred model for studying the genetic basis of neurogenesis because its simple and stereotyped pattern makes it ideal for mutant analysis. Type I sensory organs, the external (bristle-type) sensory organs (es) and the internal (stretch-receptive) chordotonal organs (ch), have been postulated to derive from individual ectodermal precursor cells that undergo a stereotyped pattern of cell division. Little is known about the origin and specification of type II sensory neurons, the multiple dendritic (md) neurons. Using the flp/FRT recombinase system from yeast, we have determined that a subset of md neurons derives from es organ lineages, another subset derives from ch organ lineages and a third subset is unrelated to sensory organs. We also provide evidence that the genes, numb and cut, are both required for the proper differentiation of md neurons.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Roth, A. "Lateral line sensory organs." Naturwissenschaften 74, no. 10 (October 1987): 495–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00447934.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Blumer, R., K. Z. Konakci, C. Pomikal, G. Wieczorek, J. R. Lukas, and J. Streicher. "Palisade Endings: Cholinergic Sensory Organs or Effector Organs?" Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 50, no. 3 (October 31, 2008): 1176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.08-2748.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Çorak Öcal, İlkay, Nazife Yiğit, and Merve Oruç. "Mesobuthus gibbosus (Brullé, 1832) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) Akrep Türünün Tarak Organının Fonksiyonel Morfolojisi ve Histolojisi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 5 (April 29, 2018): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i5.618-623.1862.

Full text

Abstract:

Scorpions are venomous arthropods in Arachnida classis; they are thought to be related with the spiders, ticks and mites. However, scorpions have sensory organs called sensory comb organ (pectine) and their structure are distinctive other relatives. The objective of the present study, is to characterize the morphological and histological features of pectines (sensory comb) organ of scorpion species Mesobuthus gibbosus (Brullé, 1832) (Scorpionidae: Buthidae) were identified by using light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The pectines were prepared by following routine electron microscope procedures and routine paraffin methods and the sections were stained by hematoxylin-eosin stain. The pectines of M. gibbosus are paired sensory organs located on the ventrolateral of second segments of mesosoma, the comb like each pectin organ consist of marginal lamella, different number of median lamella and teeth. Pectines have several sensory hairs and peg sensilla of tip of the tooth. The transverse sections of pectines organ were observed that each peg sensilum innerved by many sensory neurons.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Schaber, Clemens F., Stanislav N. Gorb, and Friedrich G. Barth. "Force transformation in spider strain sensors: white light interferometry." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 71 (October 26, 2011): 1254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0565.

Full text

Abstract:

Scanning white light interferometry and micro-force measurements were applied to analyse stimulus transformation in strain sensors in the spider exoskeleton. Two compound or ‘lyriform’ organs consisting of arrays of closely neighbouring, roughly parallel sensory slits of different lengths were examined. Forces applied to the exoskeleton entail strains in the cuticle, which compress and thereby stimulate the individual slits of the lyriform organs. (i) For the proprioreceptive lyriform organ HS-8 close to the distal joint of the tibia, the compression of the slits at the sensory threshold was as small as 1.4 nm and hardly more than 30 nm, depending on the slit in the array. The corresponding stimulus forces were as small as 0.01 mN. The linearity of the loading curve seems reasonable considering the sensor's relatively narrow biological intensity range of operation. The slits' mechanical sensitivity (slit compression/force) ranged from 106 down to 13 nm mN −1 , and gradually decreased with decreasing slit length. (ii) Remarkably, in the vibration-sensitive lyriform organ HS-10 on the metatarsus, the loading curve was exponential. The organ is thus adapted to the detection of a wide range of vibration amplitudes, as they are found under natural conditions. The mechanical sensitivities of the two slits examined in this organ in detail differed roughly threefold (522 and 195 nm mN −1 ) in the biologically most relevant range, again reflecting stimulus range fractionation among the slits composing the array.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Wu, D. K., F. D. Nunes, and D. Choo. "Axial specification for sensory organs versus non-sensory structures of the chicken inner ear." Development 125, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.1.11.

Full text

Abstract:

A mature inner ear is a complex labyrinth containing multiple sensory organs and nonsensory structures in a fixed configuration. Any perturbation in the structure of the labyrinth will undoubtedly lead to functional deficits. Therefore, it is important to understand molecularly how and when the position of each inner ear component is determined during development. To address this issue, each axis of the otocyst (embryonic day 2.5, E2.5, stage 16–17) was changed systematically at an age when axial information of the inner ear is predicted to be fixed based on gene expression patterns. Transplanted inner ears were analyzed at E4.5 for gene expression of BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein), SOHo-1 (sensory organ homeobox-1), Otx1 (cognate of Drosophila orthodenticle gene), p75NGFR (nerve growth factor receptor) and Msx1 (muscle segment homeobox), or at E9 for their gross anatomy and sensory organ formation. Our results showed that axial specification in the chick inner ear occurs later than expected and patterning of sensory organs in the inner ear was first specified along the anterior/posterior (A/P) axis, followed by the dorsal/ventral (D/V) axis. Whereas the A/P axis of the sensory organs was fixed at the time of transplantation, the A/P axis for most non-sensory structures was not and was able to be re-specified according to the new axial information from the host. The D/V axis for the inner ear was not fixed at the time of transplantation. The asynchronous specification of the A/P and D/V axes of the chick inner ear suggests that sensory organ formation is a multi-step phenomenon, rather than a single inductive event.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Francis-West, Philippa H., Raj K. Ladher, and Gary C. Schoenwolf. "Development of the Sensory Organs." Science Progress 85, no. 2 (May 2002): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/003685002783238852.

Full text

Abstract:

The sensory organs – the eye, ear, and nose- are formed, in part, from ectodermal thickenings: placodes. Their development is distinct from that of other regions of the developing body and they are essential for the development of other structures. For example, the olfactory placode which gives rise to the nose is essential for the functional development of the reproductive organs and hence fertility. Recently much progress has been made in the understanding of placode development, at both a molecular and embryological level. This is important as abnormal development of placodes occurs in a number of human syndromes. Furthermore, knowledge of placode development will give insight into therapeutic strategies to prevent degenerative change such as deafness. This review highlights the current knowledge of placode development and the future challenges in unravelling the cascades of signalling interactions that control development of these unique structures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Sane, S. P., and M. J. McHenry. "The biomechanics of sensory organs." Integrative and Comparative Biology 49, no. 6 (December 1, 2009): i8—i23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icp112.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Autrum, Hansjochem. "Performance Limits of Sensory Organs." Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 13, no. 1 (March 1988): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/isr.1988.13.1.27.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Nakamura, Tatsuo, Yuji Inada, and Keiji Shigeno. "Artificial sensory organs: latest progress." Journal of Artificial Organs 21, no. 1 (September 21, 2017): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10047-017-0990-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Qiao, Liya Y., and Namrata Tiwari. "Spinal neuron-glia-immune interaction in cross-organ sensitization." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 319, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): G748—G760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00323.2020.

Full text

Abstract:

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), historically considered as regional gastrointestinal disorders with heightened colonic sensitivity, are increasingly recognized to have concurrent dysfunction of other visceral and somatic organs, such as urinary bladder hyperactivity, leg pain, and skin hypersensitivity. The interorgan sensory cross talk is, at large, termed “cross-organ sensitization.” These organs, anatomically distant from one another, physiologically interlock through projecting their sensory information into dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and then the spinal cord for integrative processing. The fundamental question of how sensitization of colonic afferent neurons conveys nociceptive information to activate primary afferents that innervate distant organs remains ambiguous. In DRG, primary afferent neurons are surrounded by satellite glial cells (SGCs) and macrophage accumulation in response to signals of injury to form a neuron-glia-macrophage triad. Astrocytes and microglia are major resident nonneuronal cells in the spinal cord to interact, physically and chemically, with sensory synapses. Cumulative evidence gathered so far indicate the indispensable roles of paracrine/autocrine interactions among neurons, glial cells, and immune cells in sensory cross-activation. Dichotomizing afferents, sensory convergency in the spinal cord, spinal nerve comingling, and extensive sprouting of central axons of primary afferents each has significant roles in the process of cross-organ sensitization; however, more results are required to explain their functional contributions. DRG that are located outside the blood-brain barrier and reside upstream in the cascade of sensory flow from one organ to the other in cross-organ sensitization could be safer therapeutic targets to produce less central adverse effects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Coombs, Cassius E. O., Brendan E. Allman, Edward J. Morton, Marina Gimeno, Neil Horadagoda, Garth Tarr, and Luciano A. González. "Differentiation of Livestock Internal Organs Using Visible and Short-Wave Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Sensors." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 3347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093347.

Full text

Abstract:

Automatic identification and sorting of livestock organs in the meat processing industry could reduce costs and improve efficiency. Two hyperspectral sensors encompassing the visible (400–900 nm) and short-wave infrared (900–1700 nm) spectra were used to identify the organs by type. A total of 104 parenchymatous organs of cattle and sheep (heart, kidney, liver, and lung) were scanned in a multi-sensory system that encompassed both sensors along a conveyor belt. Spectral data were obtained and averaged following manual markup of three to eight regions of interest of each organ. Two methods were evaluated to classify organs: partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest (RF). In addition, classification models were obtained with the smoothed reflectance and absorbance and the first and second derivatives of the spectra to assess if one was superior to the rest. The in-sample accuracy for the visible, short-wave infrared, and combination of both sensors was higher for PLS-DA compared to RF. The accuracy of the classification models was not significantly different between data pre-processing methods or between visible and short-wave infrared sensors. Hyperspectral sensors, particularly those in the visible spectrum, seem promising to identify organs from slaughtered animals which could be useful for the automation of quality and process control in the food supply chain, such as in abattoirs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Purschke, Günter. "Comparative electron microscopic investigation of the nuchal organs in Protodriloides, Protodrilus, and Saccocirrus (Annelida, Polychaeta)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-048.

Full text

Abstract:

The nuchal organs of the interstitial polychaetes Protodriloides chaetifer, Protodriloides symbioticus, Protodrilus ciliatus, Protodrilus adhaerens, Saccocirrus krusadensis, and Saccocirrus papillocercus were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. These organs vary from spherical to elongated ciliary brushes and usually lie in shallow pits. In P. symbioticus only a reduced nuchal organ exists, whereas the other species all have well-developed nuchal organs of similar structure consisting of ciliated supportive cells and bipolar primary sensory cells. The perikarya of the sensory cells form the nuchal ganglia, which lie behind the brain. Different retractor muscle cells are attached to the ciliated cells. The number of sensory cells varies from 4 to about 90 according to the size of the nuchal organs. Each sensory cell gives rise to a distal process (dendrite), and 4–25 processes at a time unite to form bundles that penetrate between the ciliated cells. Apically the dendrites terminate in small sensory bulbs, each bearing several microvilli and a modified cilium. The sensory cilia usually branch, lose their axonemes, and extend as microvillus-like structures into the olfactory chamber representing an extracellular space below the reduced cuticle. Specific microvillar processes of the ciliated cells form a dense cover above the cuticle which is only penetrated by the motile cilia of these cells. The ciliated cells are highly pinocytic. The nuchal organs of the species investigated show striking similarities to those of spionids.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Büschges, Ansgar. "Sensory Control and Organization of Neural Networks Mediating Coordination of Multisegmental Organs for Locomotion." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 3 (March 2005): 1127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00615.2004.

Full text

Abstract:

It is well established that locomotor patterns result from the interaction between central pattern generating networks in the nervous system, local feedback from sensory neurons about movements and forces generated in the locomotor organs, and coordinating signals from neighboring segments or appendages. This review addresses the issue of how the movements of multi-segmented locomotor organs are coordinated and provides an overview of recent advances in understanding sensory control and the internal organization of central pattern generating networks that operate multi-segmented locomotor organs, such as a walking leg. Findings from the stick insect and the cat are compared and discussed in relation to new findings on the lamprey swimming network. These findings support the notion that common schemes of sensory feedback are used for generating walking and that central neural networks controlling multi-segmented locomotor organs generally encompass multiple central pattern generating networks that correspond with the segmental structure of the locomotor organ.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Russell, Anthony Patrick, Lisa D. McGregor, and Aaron M. Bauer. "Morphology and Distribution of Cutaneous Sensory Organs on the Digits of <i>Anolis carolinensis</i> and <i>A. sagrei</i> (Squamata: Dactyloidae) in Relation to the Adhesive Toepads and Their Deployment." Russian Journal of Herpetology 28, no. 5 (October 27, 2021): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-5-249-266.

Full text

Abstract:

Cutaneous sensory organs are characteristic of many squamate lineages. Such organs may occur on the surface of scales as button-like, circular protuberances set off from their surroundings by a noticeable boundary, often taking the form of a moat or furrow. They may be relatively unadorned, clad with the surface micro-ornamentation of the scales on which they are carried, or they may carry one or more bristles of varying length and surface ornamentation. Such bristles may extend away from the body of the organ to interface with the surrounding environment or to contact adjacent scales. Cutaneous sensory organs have been physiologically demonstrated to have a mechanoreceptive function but have also been posited to potentially be involved with additional sensory modalities. Their distribution and structure across the body surface has been shown to be unequal, with some regions being much more extensively endowed than others, indicative of regional differential sensitivity. The digits of Anolis (Iguania: Dactyloidae) carry adhesive toepads that are convergent with those of geckos (Gekkota). Geckos exhibit a high density of cutaneous sensory organs on their toepads and their form and distribution has been associated with the operation and control of the toepads during locomotion. Investigation of the form and topographical distribution of cutaneous sensory organs on the toepads of Anolis shows them to be convergent in these attributes with those of geckos and quite distinct from those of the ancestrally padless Iguana (Iguania: Iguanidae). Their location at scale margins and the direction of their bristles towards adjacent scales indicates that the cutaneous sensory organs play an important role in proprioception during toepad deployment in Anolis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Macmillan, David L., Shaun L. Sandow, Michael S. Laverack, and Gordon Ritchie. "The Ultrastructure of the Sensory Dorsal Organ of Crustacea1)." Crustaceana 69, no. 5 (1996): 636–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854096x00646.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe present study compares the ultrastructure of "dorsal organs" on the anterior, dorsal carapace of the syncarid Anaspides tasmaniae and the crangonid shrimp Crangon crangon. Although the species are not closely related phylogenetically, and the elements of their dorsal organs are arranged differently, they are remarkably similar ultrastructurally. The common elements include an island of thinner epicuticle lying across the aperture of a hole through the surrounding cuticle, squarish in the case of Anaspides, and lozenge shaped in Crangon. This whole area appears to be flexible. At the centre of the thin region is a tabular invagination of cuticle ending blindly in Anaspides and with a pore at the bottom in Crangon. The tube is surrounded by a single large cell with extensive internal membranes and basal vacuoles or vesicles. This part of the organ is not innervated. Four small papillae are disposed about this central region, in quincunx formation in Anaspides, and a pair each side in a row in Crangon. The cuticle thins further over the papillae and the underside is closely associated with four sensory dendrites so that each organ is innervated by a total of sixteen neurons. The four dendrites beneath each papilla have basal bodies and cilliary microtubules typical of mechanosensors. The region close to the tips of the dendrites is surrounded by non-cellular material and the dendrites are separated from each other by a series of sheath cells. On the basis of this similarity, and because the relationship between these elements, as evidenced by studies of the external structure across a wide range of taxa, is strongly conserved, we propose that the organs described here belong to a particular class of "dorsal organs" which we call sensory dorsal organs (of Laverack). On the basis of the ultrastructure, and the conservation of the proximity of

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Buhre, Jana Sophia, and Günter Purschke. "Ultrastructure and functional morphology of the dorsal organs in Scoloplos armiger (Annelida, Sedentaria, Orbiniida)." Zoomorphology 140, no. 4 (October 20, 2021): 437–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00435-021-00545-1.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractAnnelids and particularly polychaetes possess a great variety of sensory organs and respond to numerous sensory stimuli. Although eyes and nuchal organs are comparatively well studied, the so-called dorsal organs are among the lesser-known sense organs in aquatic annelids. Moreover, they are known to be restricted to only two out of approximately 80 families of polychaetes—Orbiniidae and Spionidae—which are not closely related. These organs have been regarded as segmentally repeated nuchal organs in the latter taxon, but in Orbiniidae, data are lacking, although it is known that the organs occur almost along the entire trunk except for the anterior-most segments. Furthermore, although the nuchal organ ultrastructure is known to be comparatively uniform for many polychaete species, a comparative investigation has not been conducted in Orbiniidae. To bridge this data gap, we examined an intertidal population of the widely distributed species Scoloplos armiger. Although not completely identical, nuchal and dorsal organs show a high degree of correspondence in the examined specimens. Moreover, both organs correspond to the general structure of nuchal organs. They comprise ciliated supportive cells and bipolar receptor cells and are innervated directly from the brain. The supportive cells form subcuticular spaces and olfactory chambers apically protected by specialized microvilli that house the sensory processes—cilia and microvilli—of the monociliated receptor cells. Therefore, it can be concluded that nuchal and dorsal organs are also identical in Orbiniidae. However, despite general correspondence with spionids, convergent evolution in the two taxa appears to be the most parsimonious interpretation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Kuhl, Sabrina, Thomas Bartolomaeus, and Patrick Beckers. "How Do Prostomial Sensory Organs Affect Brain Anatomy? Phylogenetic Implications in Eunicida (Annelida)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111707.

Full text

Abstract:

Eunicida is a taxon of marine annelids currently comprising the taxa Eunicidae, Onuphidae, Dorvilleidae, Oenonidae, Lumbrineridae, Histriobdellidae and Hartmaniella. Most representatives are highly mobile hunters sharing the presence of a sophisticated nervous system but differ in the number and shape of prostomial sensory organs (0–3 antennae; 0 or 2 palps; 0, 2 or 4 (+2) buccal lips; 0, 2 or 4 eyes; single-grooved or paired nuchal organs). This makes Eunicida an ideal model to study the following questions: Is the brain morphology affected by different specificities of prostomial sensory organs? Do similar numbers and shapes of prostomial sensory organs hint at close phylogenetic relationships among different eunicidan taxa? How can antennae, palps and buccal lips be differentiated? For the investigation of sensory organs and the nervous system, we performed immunohistochemistry, µCT, TEM, SEM, paraffin histology and semi-thin sectioning. Our results show that brain anatomy is mostly affected on a microanatomical level by sensory organs and that similar specificities of sensory organs support the latest phylogenetic relationships of Eunicida. Further, a reduction of antennae in Eunicida can be suggested and hypotheses about the presence of sensory organs in the stem species of Eunicida are made.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy, and Roland Meyer. "The sensory dorsal organs of crustaceans." Biological Reviews 88, no. 2 (December 24, 2012): 406–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Faroni-Perez, Larisse, Conrad Helm, Ingo Burghardt, Pat Hutchings, and María Capa. "Anterior sensory organs in Sabellariidae (Annelida)." Invertebrate Biology 135, no. 4 (November 17, 2016): 423–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ivb.12153.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Zucca, Gianpiero, Laura Botta, Veronica Milesi, and Paolo Valli. "Sensory adaptation in frog vestibular organs." Hearing Research 68, no. 2 (August 1993): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(93)90127-m.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Saxod, Raymond. "Ontogeny of the cutaneous sensory organs." Microscopy Research and Technique 34, no. 4 (July 1, 1996): 313–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19960701)34:4<313::aid-jemt4>3.0.co;2-p.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Dua, Anahita, and Sapan S. Desai. "Chemical Separation of Fixed Tissue Using Thermolysin." Journal of Histology 2013 (July 31, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/643670.

Full text

Abstract:

Thermolysin is a metallopeptidase used to cleave peptide bonds at specific junctions. It has previously been used to cleave specific amino acid sequences found at the junction of the sensory epithelium and underlying stroma of unfixed otolithic organs of the vestibular system. We have used thermolysin to separate sensory epithelium from the underlying stroma in fixed cristae ampullares of mouse, rat, gerbil, guinea pig, chinchilla, and tree squirrel, thus removing the saddle-shaped curvature of the sensory organ and creating a flattened sensory epithelium preparation. This permits visualization of the entire sensory organ in a single mount and facilitates proper morphometric analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim, Yee-Ming Chan, Chaoyang Zeng, Nicholas J. Justice, Susan Younger-Shepherd, Linda E. Sharp, Sandra Barbel, Sarah A. Meadows, Lily Yeh Jan, and Yuh Nung Jan. "A Gain-of-Function Screen for Genes That Affect the Development of the Drosophila Adult External Sensory Organ." Genetics 155, no. 2 (June 1, 2000): 733–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.2.733.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The Drosophila adult external sensory organ, comprising a neuron and its support cells, is derived from a single precursor cell via several asymmetric cell divisions. To identify molecules involved in sensory organ development, we conducted a tissue-specific gain-of-function screen. We screened 2293 independent P-element lines established by P. Rørth and identified 105 lines, carrying insertions at 78 distinct loci, that produced misexpression phenotypes with changes in number, fate, or morphology of cells of the adult external sensory organ. On the basis of the gain-of-function phenotypes of both internal and external support cells, we subdivided the candidate lines into three classes. The first class (52 lines, 40 loci) exhibits partial or complete loss of adult external sensory organs. The second class (38 lines, 28 loci) is associated with increased numbers of entire adult external sensory organs or subsets of sensory organ cells. The third class (15 lines, 10 loci) results in potential cell fate transformations. Genetic and molecular characterization of these candidate lines reveals that some loci identified in this screen correspond to genes known to function in the formation of the peripheral nervous system, such as big brain, extra macrochaetae, and numb. Also emerging from the screen are a large group of previously uncharacterized genes and several known genes that have not yet been implicated in the development of the peripheral nervous system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Caicci, Federico, Valentina Degasperi, Fabio Gasparini, Giovanna Zaniolo, Marcello Del Favero, Paolo Burighel, and Lucia Manni. "Variability of hair cells in the coronal organ of ascidians (Chordata, Tunicata)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, no. 6 (June 2010): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z10-036.

Full text

Abstract:

The tunicate ascidians are nonvertebrate chordates that possess mechanoreceptor cells in the coronal organ in the oral siphon, which monitor the incoming water flow. Like vertebrate hair cells, the mechanoreceptor–coronal cells are secondary sensory (axonless) cells accompanied by supporting cells and they exhibit morphological diversities of apical specialisations: they are multiciliate in ascidians of the order Enterogona, whereas they are more complex and possess one or two cilia accompanied by stereovilli, also graded in length, in ascidians of the order Pleurogona. In morphology, embryonic origin, and arrangement, coronal sensory cells closely resemble vertebrate hair cells. We describe here the coronal organs of five ascidians ( Pyura haustor (Stimpson, 1864), Pyura stolonifera (Heller, 1878), Styela gibbsii (Stimpson, 1864), Styela montereyensis (Dall, 1872), and Polyandrocarpa zorritensis (Van Name, 1931)), belonging to Pleurogona, also comprising species of one family (Pyuridae), not yet considered, and thus completing our overview of the order. Each species possesses at least two kinds of secondary sensory cells, some of them characterized by stereovilli graded in length. In some species, the coronal sensory cells exhibit secretory activity; in P. haustor, a mitotic sensory cell has also been found. We compare the coronal organ in both ascidians and with other chordate sensory organs formed of secondary sensory cells, and discuss their possible homologies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Gao, Nan, and Liya Fu. "Study on the Fusion of Oil Painting Art and Digital Media Based on a Visual Sensor." Journal of Sensors 2022 (January 20, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5481448.

Full text

Abstract:

Digital media art is a new type of art with rich sensory experience. Nowadays, digitization is flooding many areas of life. Under the sprint of a large amount of information, human beings have once again entered the digital age. This article is aimed at studying the fusion of oil painting art and digital media based on visual sensors, analyzing the application of digital imaging art using sensor technology in various fields, especially in the field of oil painting art, and analyzing the effects of digital media with the support of sensor technology. The artistic characteristics and rich forms of presentation are presented, and then, the key points of digital media design are summarized. This paper proposes to bring advanced sensor technology into the field of art for research, turning boring and difficult technical data into an interesting art form, making human-computer interaction more compact and humane, and creating better works of art, so that more and more people and different fields can enjoy the scientific and technological achievements. The sensor is a kind of bionics in modern science, which enables machinery to perceive the human environment like human or animal sensory organs, through the perception and detection of this environmental change, and writing a certain program, the signal data is converted into electricity or signal, and at the same time transmit these signals to receiving organs or devices, such as device sensors that simulate organs. The art of digital photography requires the intervention of sensor technology to make interaction and virtue more complete. The sensor technology also requires the art of digital photography to provide an external display window, which can better serve mankind and create greater social value. The combination of technology and art makes the presentation of art more distinctive. The experimental results of this paper show that the integration of oil painting art and digital media based on visual sensors has made digital media have an impact on more than 58% of oil painting art works and made many oil painting art works show an unprecedented sense of science and technology, which is important for future oil painting art. The development of the company has positive significance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Park, Heewon, and Sukyung Park. "INFLUENCE OF VISUAL STIMULUS ON TILT PERCEPTION IN SENSORY CONFLICT CONDITION(2E1 Joints & Sensory Organs)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2007.3 (2007): S162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2007.3.s162.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Ekström, P., T. östholm, H. Meissl, A. Bruun, J. G. Richards, and H. Möhler. "Neural elements in the pineal complex of the frog, Rana esculenta, II: GABA-immunoreactive neurons and FMRFamide-immunoreactive efferent axons." Visual Neuroscience 4, no. 05 (May 1990): 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800005162.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe photosensory pineal complex of anurans comprises an extracranial part, the frontal organ, and an intracranial part, the pineal organ proper. Although the pineal organ functions mainly as a luminosity detector, the frontal organ monitor the relative proportions of short and intermediate/long wavelengths in the ambient illumination. The major pathway of information processing in the pineal and frontal organs is the photoreceptor to ganglion cell synapse. It is not known whether interneurons form part of the neural circuitry. In the present study, we demonstrate GABA-immunoreactive (GABA-IR) neurons in the pineal and frontal organs of the frog,Rana esculenta. No GABA-IR axons were observed in the pineal nerve between the frontal and pineal organs, or in the pineal tract that connects the pineal complex with the brain. The GABA-IR neurons differed in morphology from centrally projecting neurons visualized by retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase. Thus, we suggest that the GABA-IR neurons in the pineal and frontal organs represent local interneurons.Axons of central origin, immunoreactive with a sensitive antiserum against the tetrapeptide Phe-Met-Phe-Arg-NH2(FMRFamide), were observed in the intracranial portion of the photosensory pineal organ. The immunoreactive axons enter the caudal pole of the pineal organ via the posterior commissure. The largest density of axons was observed in the caudal part, while fewer axons were detected in the rostral portion. The uneven distribution of the FMRFamide-immunoreactive axons may be related to the distribution of different types of intrapineal neurons. FMRFamide-immunoreactive varicose axons were observed in the extracranial frontal organ. A central innervation of the pineal organ, previously known exclusively from amniotes, is probably notper selinked with the evolutionary transition of the pineal organ from a directly photosensory organ to a neuroendocrine organ. It could rather represent a centrifugal input to a sensory system which has been retained when the directly sensory functions have changed, during phylogency, to neuroendocrine functions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Bolz, Dorothea, and Bernd Fritzsch. "On the Development of Electroreceptive Ampullary Organs of Triturus alpestris (Amphibia: Urodela)." Amphibia-Reptilia 7, no. 1 (1986): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853886x00217.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe ontogenesis of the organs of the lateral-line system of the alpine newt (Triturus alpestris) was examined with special emphasis on the ampullary organs using resin embedded thick sections. The mechanoreceptive neuromasts and the electroreceptive ampullary organ were indistinguishable prior to hatching. At hatching only few ampullary organs were found around the eye. These organs consist of one or two egg-shaped sensory cells and a few supporting cells. The ratio of ampullary organs and neuromasts changes from 1:15.6 (stage 36) to 1:1.1 (stage 62). The number of unidentifiable organs decreases constantly over this period of time and becomes zero at the oldest stages observed. Besides an absolute numerical increase in both types of organs both grow by increasing the number of cells per organ. Comparison with the development of the ampullary organs in catfish shows a striking similarity which suggest either similar functional constraints acting on both catfish and newts or can be interpreted as an indication of homology of both types of organs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Preti, Matteo Lo, Thomas George Thuruthel, Kieran Gilday, Lucia Beccai, and Fumiya Iida. "Mechanical Sensing in Embodied Agents." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1261, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1261/1/012013.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Sensors enable autonomous systems to obtain information about their internal states and the environment for guiding their actions. It is as essential for these sensors to reject disturbances as to gather the correct information. There are numerous trade-offs and considerations in designing these sensory systems. For instance, natural agents evolved a vast diversity of highly optimized sensory organs to perform their tasks. This work focuses on how these sensory systems estimate mechanical stimuli. We look at some of the strategies and design principles found in nature to understand fundamental trade-offs and design considerations when acquiring and processing mechanical information.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Jin, Ya-Li, Yun Bu, and Yue Jiang. "Two new species of the genus Symphylella (Symphyla, Scolopendrellidae) from Tibet, China." ZooKeys 845 (May 15, 2019): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.845.33566.

Full text

Abstract:

The Symphyla of Tibet are studied for the first time. Symphylellamacroporasp. n. and Symphylellazhongisp. n. from southeastern Tibet are described and illustrated. Symphylellamacroporasp. n. is characterized by large, elongated oval openings of the Tömösváry organ with its inner margins covered by minute irregular teeth, rudimentary spined sensory organs present on the dorsal side of most antennal segments, and cerci with numerous long and slightly curved setae. Symphylellazhongisp. n. is characterized by a globular Tömösváry organ with a small and roundish opening, mushroom-shaped sensory organs present on apical antennal segments, and by having tergal processes longer than their basal width with ovoid swollen ends. The newly described species are compared to the morphologically closest congeners: S.javanensis, S.asiatica, S.multisetosa, and S.simplex. A key for 43 species of the genus is also provided.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Giangrande, A. "Proneural genes influence gliogenesis in Drosophila." Development 121, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.2.429.

Full text

Abstract:

Fly glial cells in the wing peripheral nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster originate from underlying epithelial cells. Two findings indicate that gliogenesis is closely associated with neurogenesis. First, it only occurs in regions that also give rise to sensory organs. Second, in mutants that induce the development of ectopic sensory organs glial cells develop at new positions. These findings prompted a genetic analysis to establish whether glial and sensory organ differentiation depend on the same genes. Loss of function mutations of the achaete-scute complex lead to a significant reduction of sensory bristles and glial cells. Genes within the complex affect gliogenesis with different strength and display some functional redundancy. Thus, neurogenesis and gliogenesis share the same genetic pathway. Despite these similarities, however, the mechanism of action of the achaete-scute complex seems to be different in the two processes. Neural precursors express products of the complex, therefore the role of these genes on neurogenesis is direct. However, markers specific to glial cells do not colocalize with products of the achaete-scute complex, showing that the complex affects gliogenesis indirectly. These observations lead to the hypothesis that gliogenesis is induced by the presence of sensory organ cells, either the precursor or its progeny.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Fritzsch, Bernd, and Harold H. Zakon. "A Simple, Reliable and Inexpensive Silver Stain for Nerve Fibers in Bleached Skin." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 43, no. 7-8 (August 1, 1988): 606–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1988-7-820.

Full text

Abstract:

A procedure for silver staining is described which leads to the selective and reliable impregnation of nerve fibers in bleached skin of vertebrates and invertebrates. In combination with osmium, the protocol enhances the staining of secondary sensory cells of mechanosensory and electrosensory organs so that the innervation pattern of each organ and the number of sensory cells per organ can easily be evaluated. The technique can be also used for staining nerve fibers in whole embryos.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Wyeth, Russell C., and Roger P. Croll. "Peripheral sensory cells in the cephalic sensory organs of Lymnaea stagnalis." Journal of Comparative Neurology 519, no. 10 (May 23, 2011): 1894–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.22607.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Johnson, Alan Kim, and Paul M. Gross. "Sensory circumventricular organs and brain homeostatic pathways." FASEB Journal 7, no. 8 (May 1993): 678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.7.8.8500693.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Wallach, Avner, Satomi Ebara, and Ehud Ahissar. "What Do Sensory Organs Tell the Brain?" Neuron 94, no. 3 (May 2017): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.04.031.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Dudicheva, Vasilina A., and Natalia M. Biserova. "Sensory organs of adult Amphilina foliacea (Amphilinida)." Acta Biologica Hungarica 51, no. 2-4 (June 2000): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03543241.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Simpson, Pat. "Drosophila development: A prepattern for sensory organs." Current Biology 6, no. 8 (August 1996): 948–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00635-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Di-Poï, Nicolas, and Michel C. Milinkovitch. "Crocodylians evolved scattered multi-sensory micro-organs." EvoDevo 4, no. 1 (2013): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2041-9139-4-19.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Sisó, Sílvia, Martin Jeffrey, and Lorenzo González. "Sensory circumventricular organs in health and disease." Acta Neuropathologica 120, no. 6 (September 10, 2010): 689–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00401-010-0743-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Sun, Meiwei. "Application of Multimodal Learning in Online English Teaching." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 10, no. 4 (September 22, 2015): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v10i4.4697.

Full text

Abstract:

Mode means the mode of human sensory organs with the external environment, the interaction with only one sensory organ is called single mode and the simultaneous interaction with more sensory organs are called multiple modes. A multimodal online English teaching system is designed, and is applied in the online English teaching of architecture major, and the students are divided into experimental group and control group. Conventional teaching is adopted in the conventional group, while multi-mode online systematic English learning is adopted for the experimental group. According to the employment statistics, it is shown that the experiment group presents some advantages in employment, relieving the employment pressure. The multi-mode learning has a good application effect in the English teaching of science and engineering, and the multi-mode online teaching system designed can be applied for the online English teaching.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Strauß, Johannes. "Neuronal Innervation of the Subgenual Organ Complex and the Tibial Campaniform Sensilla in the Stick Insect Midleg." Insects 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11010040.

Full text

Abstract:

Mechanosensory organs in legs play are crucial receptors in the feedback control of walking and in the detection of substrate-borne vibrations. Stick insects serve as a model for the physiological role of chordotonal organs and campaniform sensilla. This study documents, by axonal tracing, the neural innervation of the complex chordotonal organs and groups of campaniform sensilla in the proximal tibia of the midleg in Sipyloidea sipylus. In total, 6 nerve branches innervate the different sensory structures, and the innervation pattern associates different sensilla types by their position. Sensilla on the anterior and posterior tibia are innervated from distinct nerve branches. In addition, the variation in innervation is studied for five anatomical branching points. The most common variation is the innervation of the subgenual organ sensilla by two nerve branches rather than a single one. The fusion of commonly separated nerve branches also occurred. However, a common innervation pattern can be demonstrated, which is found in >75% of preparations. The variation did not include crossings of nerves between the anterior and posterior side of the leg. The study corrects the innervation of the posterior subgenual organ reported previously. The sensory neuroanatomy and innervation pattern can guide further physiological studies of mechanoreceptor organs and allow evolutionary comparisons to related insect groups.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Chun, Kyoung-Yong, Young Jun Son, and Chang-Soo Han. "Highly Sensitive and Patchable Pressure Sensors Mimicking Ion-Channel-Engaged Sensory Organs." ACS Nano 10, no. 4 (April 12, 2016): 4550–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b00582.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Jeong, Jin Kwon, Samantha A. Dow, and Colin N. Young. "Sensory Circumventricular Organs, Neuroendocrine Control, and Metabolic Regulation." Metabolites 11, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11080494.

Full text

Abstract:

The central nervous system is critical in metabolic regulation, and accumulating evidence points to a distributed network of brain regions involved in energy homeostasis. This is accomplished, in part, by integrating peripheral and central metabolic information and subsequently modulating neuroendocrine outputs through the paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. However, these hypothalamic nuclei are generally protected by a blood-brain-barrier limiting their ability to directly sense circulating metabolic signals—pointing to possible involvement of upstream brain nuclei. In this regard, sensory circumventricular organs (CVOs), brain sites traditionally recognized in thirst/fluid and cardiovascular regulation, are emerging as potential sites through which circulating metabolic substances influence neuroendocrine control. The sensory CVOs, including the subfornical organ, organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, and area postrema, are located outside the blood-brain-barrier, possess cellular machinery to sense the metabolic interior milieu, and establish complex neural networks to hypothalamic neuroendocrine nuclei. Here, evidence for a potential role of sensory CVO-hypothalamic neuroendocrine networks in energy homeostasis is presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Holmes, A. L., and J. S. Heilig. "Fasciclin II and Beaten path modulate intercellular adhesion in Drosophila larval visual organ development." Development 126, no. 2 (January 15, 1999): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.2.261.

Full text

Abstract:

Previous studies demonstrated that Fasciclin II and Beaten path are necessary for regulating cell adhesion events that are important for motoneuron development in Drosophila. We observe that the cell adhesion molecule Fasciclin II and the secreted anti-adhesion molecule Beaten path have additional critical roles in the development of at least one set of sensory organs, the larval visual organs. Taken together, phenotypic analysis, genetic interactions, expression studies and rescue experiments suggest that, in normal development, secretion of Beaten path by cells of the optic lobes allows the Fasciclin II-expressing larval visual organ cells to detach from the optic lobes as a cohesive cell cluster. Our results also demonstrate that mechanisms guiding neuronal development may be shared between motoneurons and sensory organs, and provide evidence that titration of adhesion and anti-adhesion is critical for early steps in development of the larval visual system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Peach, Meredith B., and Gregory W. Rouse. "The morphology of the pit organs and lateral line canal neuromasts of Mustelus antarcticus (Chondrichthyes: Triakidae)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, no. 1 (February 2000): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315499001678.

Full text

Abstract:

The pit organs (free neuromasts) of sharks are part of the lateral line sensory system, but there is still confusion about their exact morphology and function(s). This is partly because of reported physiological differences between the pit organs and the lateral line canal neuromasts, and partly because the morphology of pit organs has not been adequately documented. To compare their morphology, the pit organs and canal neuromasts of the gummy shark Mustelus antarcticus (Chondrichthyes: Triakidae) were examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Both pit organs and canal neuromasts had hair cells with the `staircase' arrangement of sensory hairs (stereovilli) characteristic of vertebrate mechanoreceptors. Stereovilli bundles of different sizes were distributed haphazardly throughout the pit organs and canal neuromasts. The density of hair cells was similar in the pit organs and canal neuromasts, but differences in the overall size and/or shape of the sensory epithelia might account for some of the reported differences in mechanosensitivity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Salvi, Joshua D., Dáibhid Ó Maoiléidigh, Brian A. Fabella, Mélanie Tobin, and A. J. Hudspeth. "Control of a hair bundle’s mechanosensory function by its mechanical load." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 9 (February 17, 2015): E1000—E1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1501453112.

Full text

Abstract:

Hair cells, the sensory receptors of the internal ear, subserve different functions in various receptor organs: they detect oscillatory stimuli in the auditory system, but transduce constant and step stimuli in the vestibular and lateral-line systems. We show that a hair cell's function can be controlled experimentally by adjusting its mechanical load. By making bundles from a single organ operate as any of four distinct types of signal detector, we demonstrate that altering only a few key parameters can fundamentally change a sensory cell’s role. The motions of a single hair bundle can resemble those of a bundle from the amphibian vestibular system, the reptilian auditory system, or the mammalian auditory system, demonstrating an essential similarity of bundles across species and receptor organs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Kittmann, R., and J. Schmitz. "FUNCTIONAL SPECIALIZATION OF THE SCOLOPARIA OF THE FEMORAL CHORDOTONAL ORGAN IN STICK INSECTS." Journal of Experimental Biology 173, no. 1 (December 1, 1992): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.173.1.91.

Full text

Abstract:

The femoral chordotonal organ (fCO), one of the largest proprioceptive sense organs in the leg of the stick insect, is important for the control of the femur-tibia joint during standing and walking. It consists of a ventral scoloparium with about 80 sensory cells and a dorsal scoloparium with about 420 sensory cells. The present study examines the function of these scoloparia in the femur-tibia control loop. Both scoloparia were stimulated independently and the responses in the extensor tibiae motoneurones were recorded extra- and intracellularly. The ventral scoloparium, which is the smaller of the two, functions as the transducer of the femur-tibia control loop. Its sensory cells can generate the known resistance reflexes. The dorsal scoloparium serves no function in the femur-tibia control loop and its stimulation elicited no or only minor reactions in the extensor motoneurones. A comparison with other insect leg proprioceptors shows that a morphological subdivision of these organs often indicates a functional specialization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Liu, Shaofeng, Yunfeng Wang, Yongtian Lu, Wen Li, Wenjing Liu, Jun Ma, Fuqin Sun, et al. "The Key Transcription Factor Expression in the Developing Vestibular and Auditory Sensory Organs: A Comprehensive Comparison of Spatial and Temporal Patterns." Neural Plasticity 2018 (October 15, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7513258.

Full text

Abstract:

Inner ear formation requires that a series of cell fate decisions and morphogenetic events occur in a precise temporal and spatial pattern. Previous studies have shown that transcription factors, including Pax2, Sox2, and Prox1, play important roles during the inner ear development. However, the temporospatial expression patterns among these transcription factors are poorly understood. In the current study, we present a comprehensive description of the temporal and spatial expression profiles of Pax2, Sox2, and Prox1 during auditory and vestibular sensory organ development in mice. Using immunohistochemical analyses, we show that Sox2 and Pax2 are both expressed in the prosensory cells (the developing hair cells), but Sox2 is later restricted to only the supporting cells of the organ of Corti. In the vestibular sensory organ, however, the Pax2 expression is localized in hair cells at postnatal day 7, while Sox2 is still expressed in both the hair cells and supporting cells at that time. Prox1 was transiently expressed in the presumptive hair cells and developing supporting cells, and lower Prox1 expression was observed in the vestibular sensory organ compared to the organ of Corti. The different expression patterns of these transcription factors in the developing auditory and vestibular sensory organs suggest that they play different roles in the development of the sensory epithelia and might help to shape the respective sensory structures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Sensory organs'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles