Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sensory urbanism'
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Randall, William Sanford. "How Methane Made the Mountain: The Material Ghost and the Technological Sublime in Methane Ghosts." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460722538.
Full textGarrido, Joana Rodrigues. "TURF: a low cost solution for tracking firemen in urban fires." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14663.
Full textWhen in critical emergency scenarios, first responders are submitted to highly stressful and risky situations. In order to help them dealing with these conditions, the VitalResponder project started and is now capable of continuously monitor the vital signs of firemen with wearable technologies. This provides to the chief of operations the capability to evaluate the health conditions of his firefighters and react according to their needs. The localization of firemen is an important factor when dealing with urban fires. Due to low visibility and difficult communication conditions, is essential for each fireman to be aware of his colleagues’ whereabouts for organization and, in case of need, rescue matters. The idea behind this dissertation is to build a simple and low cost tracking system, embedded in the VitalResponder wearable technology, which can give information about the presence of a fireman or a wall and its distance. The simplest answer found to this problem was sensor fusion using an infrared sensor, to distinguish a wall from a fireman, and an ultrasound sensor, to provide the distance to the obstacle/colleague.
Em cenários críticos de emergência, as equipas de resposta são submetidas a situações de stress e risco extremamente elevados. Para os ajudar a reagir, deu-se início ao projeto VitalResponder que é atualmente capaz de monitorizar continuamente os sinais vitais dos bombeiros devido à tecnologia embutida nos seus fatos. Este sistema fornece ao comandante de operações a capacidade de avaliar as condições de saúde dos seus bombeiros e agir de acordo com as suas necessidades. A localização de bombeiros é um fator muito importante em situações de incêndios urbanos. Devido às fracas condições de visibilidade e comunicação, é essencial que cada bombeiro tenha noção da posição dos seus colegas por questões de organização e salvamento. O objetivo desta dissertação é construir um sistema simples e de baixo custo, que será incorporado no projeto VitalResponder, e fornecerá informações acerca da presença de um bombeiro ou uma parede e a sua respetiva distância. A solução mais simples para este problema é utilizar fusão sensorial de um sensor infravermelho, para distinguir uma parede de um bombeiro, e um sensor de ultrassom, para medir a distância ao obstáculo/colega.
Moreira, Romero da Costa. "Estudo espectral de alvos urbanos com imagens do sensor HSS (Hyperspectral Scanner System)." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2008. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m18@80/2008/07.03.20.00.
Full textImages acquired with 3 meters of spatial resolution by the airborne HSS (Hyperspectral Scanner System) sensor and field/laboratory reflectance data were used for the spectral characterization and discrimination of urban materials in São José dos Campos city (State of São Paulo, Brazil). HSS data (37 bands between 400 and 2400 nm) were converted from radiance values into atmospherically corrected surface reflectance images using the MODTRAN 4 based radiative transfer code. The flight campaign on May 2006 was preceded by system functioning and sensor calibration tests: assessment of the sensor spatial, spectral and radiometric calibrations, and of the signal-to-noise ratio. A spectral library of urban materials was acquired from field/laboratory measurements and from selected pixel spectra. The influence of band positioning and bandwidth, especially the shortwave infrared (SWIR) interval, on the discrimination of urban materials was investigated through spectral resolution simulation of selected multispectral sensors (QuickBird, HRG/Spot-5 and ETM+/Landsat-7) and from classification information derived from logistic regression analysis. To evaluate the spatial resolution influence on the discrimination of these materials, the HSS image was degraded from 3 to 9 meters of spatial resolution using texture filtering. Finally, spectral identification of specific urban materials of the study area was tested with the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Spectral Feature Fitting (SFF) techniques. Results showed that: (1) the sensor spatial calibration was adequate with a noise below 1.5% in 33 of all 37 available bands in reflective interval when using a scanner frequency up to 25 Hz for imaging. However, spectral tests indicated a deviation of around +17 nm from the original spectral positioning of bands near 940 nm; (2) despite the persistent artifacts in water vapor (940 nm) and CO2 (2050 nm) absorption features, the atmospheric correction was adequate after a small spectral adjustment (less than 17 nm) of the original spectral calibration in the visible/near infrared (VNIR) bands; (3) reflectance pixel spectra of urban materials matched the field measurements, confirming the general featureless nature of the urban spectra, except for signatures of clay ceramic roofs, plastic materials (e.g., PVC and PET) and painted surfaces; (4) a decrease in logistic regression classification accuracy was observed after the simulation of multispectral sensors, but the major impact on classification was due to the absence of the SWIR bands; (5) from the original 3 meters to the degraded 9 meters of spatial resolution, a decrease in classification accuracy was observed only for small objects because of the prevalent and coupled spectral mixture effects of neighboring materials; and, (6) the SAM technique was easily applied over the data and showed better potential of discrimination of urban materials than the SFF technique.
Gutiérrez, Pérez Joanna Alicia. "Monitorización, detección y estimación de estados de fallo en la calidad del agua de redes de distribución urbanas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/169363.
Full text[CA] La vulnerabilitat dels anomenats sistemes d'infraestructura crítica (IC), inclosos els sistemes de distribució d'aigua potable (SDAP), ha estat un dels temes de recerca altament rellevants de les darreres dècades, especialment emmarcat en un context de perill i/o amenaça. En general, els sistemes IC ofereixen serveis essencials per a la societat actual. La seguretat, el creixement econòmic i el benestar social d'un país es poden comprometre quan algun d'aquests sistemes es danya, es desactiva o s'interromp en el seu funcionament. A més dels accidents i falles característics dels SDAPs, certs perills i amenaces extraordinaris, com ara desastres naturals o actes relacionats amb la violència a diferents nivells, han generat un interès creixent entre els administradors, els responsables de la presa de decisions, els enginyers i la societat en general. El abastiment d'aigua potable és un dels serveis fonamentals per al desenvolupament d'una ciutat i la qualitat de vida dels ciutadans. No obstant això, un SDAP té propietats que el fan especialment vulnerable en comparació amb altres sistemes. La interrupció total o parcial de l'abastiment d'aigua durant un període de temps provoca greus efectes en els usuaris i en la resta de sistemes que en depenen. A causa de la seva importància com a infraestructures, els SDAPs han estat un objectiu especialment atractiu per a atacs maliciosos, específicament possibles esdeveniments de contaminació intencionals. Aquest tipus d'esdeveniments han posat de manifest les debilitats d'aquests sistemes i la necessitat d'establir mesures de prevenció i mitigació que millorin la seva seguretat, evitant que es vegi afectada la salut dels usuaris. Es poden trobar diversos mètodes a la literatura per avaluar, prevenir i mitigar aspectes associats a la vulnerabilitat de les ICs. Entre ells es troba l'enfocament complex de la teoria de xarxes, basat en les tècniques de la teoria de grafs, que s'ha utilitzat àmpliament, entre altres finalitats, per obtenir paràmetres relacionats amb l'estructura i la connectivitat dels elements d'una IC, per identificar-ne els elements més crítics, i analitzar l'impacte en el funcionament del sistema a causa de l'eliminació d'un o més elements. Investigacions recents han demostrat la validesa d'aquestes tècniques per avaluar la vulnerabilitat de xarxes de diversos tipus i, en particular, de xarxes de distribució d'aigua (XDAs). Abstraient la XDA a un gràfic amb característiques especials (on els arcs són les línies hidràuliques i els vèrtexs són els punts de consum) és possible quantificar-ne els atributs estructurals, facilitant les anàlisis a un nivell de detall més precís, inclosa la divisió en sectors. Aquesta tesi doctoral sorgeix de la motivació per abordar aquesta qüestió i centrar-se en la identificació i prevenció d'esdeveniments de fallida en la qualitat de l'aigua. L'estudi se centra en l'anàlisi de la XDA que, a causa de la disposició i exposició dels diferents elements que el componen, és la part més vulnerable de tot el sistema. Sota el marc conceptual de la teoria de xarxes, es quantifiquen atributs com la robustesa i la redundància de l'estructura de la XDA. A més, s'utilitza l'algorisme evolutiu multi-agent Agent Swarm Optimization (ASO) per identificar els llocs òptims per localitzar els sensors de control de la qualitat de l'aigua, com a mesura de vigilància preventiva davant d'un esdeveniment de contaminació intencional o accidental. Mesurant contínuament els paràmetres de qualitat de l'aigua, inclosa la conductivitat, el pH, la concentració de diferents substàncies i altres paràmetres relacionats, directament des de la xarxa, una xarxa adequada d'aquests sensors ajudarà les empreses de distribució d'aigua a detectar la intrusió de contaminants i avaluar els problemes de qualitat a les seves xarxes. Decidir on col·locar els sensors a la xarxa i quants d'ells s'hauria de col·locar és un problema difícil d’afrontar, a causa de la naturalesa dels objectius implicats. Els objectius considerats en aquest treball són: temps de detecció, volum d’aigua contaminada consumida, fallada de detecció i costos d’implementació. Aquesta tesi presenta una manera de resoldre el problema esmentat mitjançant la hibridació de la teoria de xarxes i l'enfocament multiobjectiu de l'algorisme ASO. Finalment, la principal contribució d’aquesta tesi és una metodologia destinada a ajudar les empreses d’aigua a establir xarxes de control per detectar i estimar ràpidament possibles fallades en la qualitat de l’aigua, i donar suport a la presa de decisions i la millora de la seguretat de l’aigua. Per demostrar el funcionament de la metodologia proposada, es presenta un cas d’estudi relacionat amb una xarxa real, amb la qual es demostren les possibilitats d'acoblament de les tècniques proposades.
[EN] The vulnerability of so-called critical infrastructure (CI) systems, including water distribution systems (WDSs), has been one of the highly relevant research topics in recent decades, particularly framed in a context of danger and/or threat. In general, CI systems provide essential services for today's society. The security, economic growth and social welfare of a country can be compromised when any of these systems is damaged, disabled or interrupted in its operation. In addition to the accidents and failures characteristic of WDSs, certain extraordinary dangers and threats, such as natural disasters or acts related to violence at different levels, have generated a growing interest among managers, decision makers, engineers and the society in general. The supply of drinking water is one of the fundamental services for the development of a city and the quality of life of citizens. However, a WDS has properties that make it especially vulnerable compared to other systems. The total or partial interruption of the water supply for a period of time, causes serious effects on the users and on the rest of the systems that depend on it. Due to their importance as infrastructures, WDSs have been an especially attractive target for malicious attacks, specifically potential intentional contamination events. This type of event has revealed the weaknesses of these systems and the need to establish prevention and mitigation measures that improve their safety, preventing the health of users from being affected. Various methods can be found in the literature to assess, prevent and mitigate aspects associated with the vulnerability of CIs. The complex network theory approach, based on the techniques of graph theory, is one of them. This approach has been widely used, among other purposes, to obtain parameters related to the structure and connectivity of the elements of an IC, to identify its most critical elements, and to analyze the impact on the operation of the system due to the elimination of one or more elements. Recent research has demonstrated the validity of these techniques for assessing the vulnerability of networks of various kinds and, particularly, of water distribution networks (WDNs). By abstracting the WDN to a graph with special characteristics (where the arcs are the hydraulic lines and the vertices are the consumption points) it is possible to quantify its structural attributes, facilitating analyses at a more precise level of detail, including the division into district metered areas. This doctoral thesis arises from the motivation to address this issue and to focus on the identification and prevention of failure events in water quality. The study focuses on the analysis of the WDN, which, due to the arrangement and exposure of the different elements integrating it, is the most vulnerable part of the entire system. Under the conceptual framework of the network theory, attributes such as robustness and redundancy of the WDN structure are quantified. In addition, the evolutionary multi-agent Agent Swarm Optimization (ASO) algorithm is used to identify optimal places to locate water quality monitoring sensors, as a preventive surveillance measure to face any accidental or intentional contamination event. By continuously measuring water quality parameters, including conductivity, pH, concentration of different substances and other related parameters, directly from the network, a suitable network of these quality sensors will help water distribution companies detect the intrusion of pollutants and assess quality problems in their networks. Deciding where to place the sensors on the network and how many of them should be placed is a difficult problem to face, due to the nature of the objectives involved. The objectives considered in this work are: detection time, volume of consumed contaminated water, detection failure and implementation costs. This thesis presents a way to solve the aforementioned problem through the hybridization of the network theory and the multi-objective approach of the ASO algorithm. With the graph theory, an approach to the search for possible solutions is sought, thus reducing the search space. With the ASO multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, instead of a unique specific solution, the idea is to find a wide range of solutions that represent the best tradeoff among all the objectives considered in the problem. Finally, the main contribution of this thesis is a methodology intended to help water companies to set monitoring networks to quickly detect and estimate possible failures in water quality, and to support decision-making and improvement of water safety. To demonstrate the operation of the proposed methodology, a case study related to a real-world network is presented, with which the possibilities of coupling the proposed techniques are demonstrated. The result is a set of water quality sensor networks, obtained through an a priori study based on the pre-process developed from the network theory. This set is later expanded and optimized under the ASO multi-objective approach, so that it presents a sufficient number of non-dominated solutions of the Pareto front of the studied multi-objective problem. The ultimate goal is to provide supply managers with a tool to select, through appropriate decision-making, the solution that best satisfies, not only technical and economic requirements, but also other less objective objectives that may exist.
Gutiérrez Pérez, JA. (2021). Monitorización, detección y estimación de estados de fallo en la calidad del agua de redes de distribución urbanas [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/169363
TESIS
Denardin, Gustavo Weber. "Roteamento geográfico para redes de sensores e atuadores sem fio em redes urbanas de comunicação." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3671.
Full textSmart grids and smart utility networks are the next-generation utility networks that intend to provide efficient control and management of utilities such as electricity, natural gas, water and sewage. Communication technology is the essential element for enabling formation of networks where control messages and metering data can be exchanged. In this work it is shown that wireless sensor and actuator networks are suitable candidates to implement this intelligent networks. The main routing algorithms for this category of wireless network are investigated in order to verify its performance when applied to the characteristics of smart utility networks, which are mainly related for large scale networks formed by hundreds to thousands of devices. It is shown that geographic routing is one of the most suitable routing strategies for large scale wireless networks, due to its low overhead and high scalability features. Usually, a geographic routing scheme combines a geographic greedy forwarding with a recovery mechanism to solve the local minima problem. Solutions proposed in the literature commonly combine greedy forwarding with the well known face routing for achieving this goal. However, the average path length in number of hops produced by face routing could be much worse than the optimal topological path in most realistic scenarios. In this work, it is proposed a new intermediate procedure between the geographic greedy mode and the recovery mode in order to improve routing efficiency in number of hops, without network overhead. It exploits the optimal topological route to base stations, obtained by beacon messages, as a resource to find better routes than the ones created by face routing. It is shown by simulations that the proposed hybrid approach leads to a significant improvement of routing performance when applied to combined greedy-face routing algorithms. Furthermore, experimental results obtained through testbeds shown that the proposed maintenance procedures are capable of avoid uctuations in the network infrastructure, providing robust routes for packet forwarding in large scale networks.
Smart grids e redes urbanas de comunicação formam a próxima geração de redes que pretende fornecer controle e gestão é eficiente aos servicos publicos como eletricidade, gás natural, água e esgoto. A tecnologia de comunicação é o elemento essencial para permitir a formação de redes em que mensagens de controle e dados de medição possam ser transmitidos. Neste trabalho demonstra-se que as redes de sensores e atuadores sem fio são candidatas viáveis e adequadas para implementar estas redes. Os principais algoritmos de roteamento para esta categoria de rede sem fios são investigados, a fim de verificar o seu desempenho quando aplicados às características das redes urbanas de comunicação, que geralmente são redes de grande escala formadas por centenas a milhares de dispositivos. Ainda, demostra-se que o roteamento geográfico �e uma das estratégias mais adequadas de roteamento para redes sem fio de grande escala, devido às suas características de baixa sobrecarga e alta escalabilidade. Estes algoritmos geralmente combinam um encaminhamento geográfico greedy com um mecanismo de recuperação para solucionar o problema dos mínimos locais, sendo o roteamento por faces a solução mais empregada na literatura como método de recuperação. No entanto, o número médio de saltos nos caminhos produzidos pelo roteamento por faces pode ser muito maior do que o caminho topológico ótimo na maioria dos cenários reais. Neste trabalho propõe-se um procedimento intermediário entre o encaminhamento geográfico greedy e o modo de recuperação, a fim de melhorar a eficiência em número de saltos sem gerar sobrecarga de mensagens de controle. Este procedimento explora as rotas topológicas ótimas para as estações base como um recurso adicional para encontrar rotas melhores para outros nós do que as geradas pelo roteamento por faces. Demonstra-se ainda através de simulações que a abordagem híbrida proposta melhora significativamente o desempenho do encaminhamento de pacotes quando aplicada a algoritmos greedy combinados com roteamento por faces. Ademais, os resultados experimentais obtidos através da planta teste comprovam que os procedimentos de manutenção propostos são capazes de evitar flutuações na infra-estrutura de rede, oferecendo rotas robustas para o encaminhamento de pacotes em redes de grande escala.
Bento, Bruna Maria Pechini. "Avaliação de classificadores por árvore de decisão e árvore de regressão em cenas urbanas do sensor WorldView-2." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2016. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2016/10.24.18.16.
Full textThe Third Generation of Image Satellites has enabled the availability of more detailed orbital images with spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal resolution. This opens new ways to explore the spatial complexity of the urban phenomenon. The analysis of those images through the traditional methods, which involves pixel-to-pixel and per region classifiers, results in limitations on class detail and, consequently, low accuracy. Therefore, the increase of the informative content of this new type of images has required from the users the search for new methodologies and tools to analyze them. The analysis approach of the image based on geographic object (GEOBIA Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis) represents a solution to overcome those limitations.The GEOBIA allows simulating the contextual view of a human interpreter using models of knowledge expressed by semantic networks.The construction of knowledge models is a complex task, which requires from the interpreter the previous knowledge of the scene and demands an extensive period for its realization. In this sense, data mining techniques have been widely used as a support tool for the construction of the semantic network.These come in the forefront of the technology to efficiently analyze complex databases, assisting scientists in non-trivial predictions. The decision trees are one of the most usedtypes of algorithms in data mining. In the classification of orbital images, those algorithms automatically select the most appropriate attributes to characterize the discriminated classes. The result is represented by a decision tree, which is a group of rules applied on the available attributes. This group of rules is afterwards converted in a semantic network, present in the GEOBIA platforms. The aim of this study is to analyze the performance of the algorithms of the decision tree and the regression tree to classify the urban land coverage. It proposes for that a methodology that uses jointly cognitive approaches and data mining. A test area of São José dos Campos SP was used as the base for this analysis, which is a scene from the image of the spatial high resolution optic sensor WorldView-2.Both algorithms presented good accuracy and it is worth mentioning that the decision tree accuracy on average presented values slightly higher than the regression tree. In what regards the tree models obtained in the experiments, the decision tree algorithm showed better generalization capacity in the formulation of the rules by attribute. As a consequence, it resorted to a smaller number of attributes and generated smaller tree sizes than the ones generated by the regression tree.The tested decision trees were supported by several softwares in the execution of the analyses. This posed as a challenge to the researchers in what regards the data integration, data format conversion, knowledge of the utilized software and also file replication. Albeit this study covered a reduced geographic area, it presented a high number of objects. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that, in a complete scene, the data volume may represent a bigger barrier. On the other hand, the regression trees that were tested belong to an integrated platform of GEOBIA, which benefits the user in reducing the time spent to execute all the image analysis stages.
Santos, Alessandro Santiago dos. "Análise espaçotemporal da qualidade do ar em vias urbanas por meio de redes de sensores com nós embarcados em ônibus coletivos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-26022018-151028/.
Full textThe vehicles in urban traffic are considered as the main cause of urban pollution with a direct impact on air quality, being a challenge to have monitoring tools that enable an overview of the environmental conditions influenced by vehicle emissions. One option is to instrument the entire city with low-cost fixed sensors to collect environmental data; however, to provide a comprehensive view would require a large number of sensors, and a constant increase to follow the growth of the city. In this scenario, arises the opportunity for urban bus instrumentation with sensors that measure the environmental pollution, to take advantage of the mobility characteristics of public transport, which moves in populated areas, with dynamic attitude of growth, adapting in a coherent way to population and geographic variability of the city. This PhD Thesis proposes the monitoring of air quality inside urban roads by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), hosted on city buses. Thus, new ways of performing spatiotemporal analyzes of the air quality of urban regions are possible with the cartographic models created by this thesis. These allow to analyze mapped regions using spatial and temporal perspectives with information obtained from mobile sensor kits, for analyzes every 100 meters, promoting a resolution higher than the traditional monitoring models (kilometer scale), which still do not offer this possibility. This higher resolution allows a new perspective of analyzes of micro regions and, in this way, allows specialists or urban managers to have a better understanding of the urban scenario. Sensor kits are created to be hosted by bus, which has been validated and tested for its efficiency in measurement. This was integrated into a computational platform built to extract and process information with mathematical algorithms. All the components of the platform were validated with experiments that confirmed the hypotheses originally formulated for validation. Finally, mappings with more than 70,000 points were used in the creation of spatiotemporal models for the study of the case of regions of the city of São Paulo, which denoted the potentials constructed by this thesis.
Pantoni, Rodrigo Palucci. "Estratégias de roteamento e de controle de acesso ao meio para redes de sensores sem fio destinadas a redes urbanas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18153/tde-12032012-155631/.
Full textThis work proposes routing and medium access control strategies for urban networks, particularly related to monitoring and control of electric variables in the street lighting system. Such strategies were developed according to application requirements, studies in the literature, limitations of the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, and RFC 5548 and IEEE 802.15.4e (draft) specifications. Strategies were incorporated into protocols found in the literature, which generated specific improved protocols for urban networks, including GGPSR and Gradient based on the farthest neighbor, applied to divergent and convergent traffic, respectively. The GGPSR protocol is composed by the GPSR algorithm, geocast and retransmissions to neighbors according to the GGPSR criterion when a failure occurs. The protocol based on the longest distance comprises the gradient algorithm, which considers the longest distance when receivers have equal gradient weights and retransmissions follow the same criterion. A realistic propagation model was used, implementing the strategy to map neighboring nodes according to the approximate distance provided by the RSSI packet attribute. Moreover, for both traffic ypes, the RIT medium access control mechanism was used in order to minimize energy consumption. Protocols generated by these strategies were evaluated through simulation in NS-2 tool applied to large scale scenarios provided by public street lighting concessionaire Elektro, according to the criteria of remaining energy network, end-to-end average delay and end-to-end delivery rate. Results show that the generated protocols outperform protocols proposed in the literature; in addition, the strategy based on the distance obtained by the RSSI attribute enables the use of the GGPSR protocol. Regarding the use of RIT considering the parameters as a function of the gradient, this strategy is more efficient compared to using the same RIT parameters for all nodes.
Santiago, Asto Julio César. "Implementación de una metodología para la medición de la interferencia inalámbrica en la banda ISM en zonas exteriores urbanas para garantizar la comunicación de una red inalámbrica de sensores." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/9512.
Full textTesis
Said, Noha Gamal. "Vers une écologie sensible des rues du Caire : le palimpseste des ambiances d'une ville en transition." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH004/document.
Full textProposing a rereading of the sensory experience by the term palimpsest is above all focusing on « time ».This approach introduces time as a main material for designing cities. Being defined as a stratification of time by a continual re-writing, the metaphorical coupling of terms « ambiance-palimpsest » adds a temporal depth to the sensory phenomena. It point out how everyday life experience reflects a maintain over time. This vision redefines the ambience as an incarnation of the past in the present through a continuous process of sedimentation of traces. Ambience-palimpsest embodies a power of time in which the past is reconstructed differently with each time a new present is overlaid upon territory. Between the production of memorial cities and artifacts ones, the current contemporary urban thinking marks a crisis in dealing with time, in which the present functions as a buffer, isolating the past from the futur. The introduction of term palimpsest in the field of ambiences relocates the present as a connecting interface between the two temporal entities. Taking into consideration the temporal depth when analyzing the sensory experience, offers a new perspective of designing cities by recomposing the past sensory values in a projection to the future. It mixes a retrospective and prospective approaches for rethinking the future of cities. In such an interest, this thesis proposes an architectural reading tool « the temporal section » as a way to stroll in time and to unfold the layers of sediment memories. This architectural section, to which we add time as vertical dimension of place, helps reading the temporal configuration of the experience, thus marking a turning point in the representation of cities form cartography to stratigraphy
Ribeiro, João Luís Carvalho Ferreira. "Survey of public transport routes using Wi-Fi." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23458.
Full textAn important aspect in improving public transport efficiency is collecting information regarding traveler routes, usually represented as an OriginDestination (OD) matrix. Most public transportation systems implement fare collection systems that can provide the accurate origins of traveler routes but not accurate destinations. In this dissertation we look at WiFi, more specifically 802.11 data-link layer, as a candidate to provide OD matrix estimations. We present an algorithm capable of collecting information regarding Wi-Fi capable devices inside the bus complemented with positioning and time. A system is also presented to implement this concept using minimal requirements. An implementation of this system was deployed in a public bus to collect data for several weeks. This resulted on over 15000 traveler routes collected in 9 different days. This data was contextualized and mapped to an OD system in order to demonstrate how it can be used to generate OD matrix estimations.
Um aspecto importante na melhoria da eficiência de transportes públicos consiste na recolha de percursos de passageiros, frequentemente representados na forma de matrizes Origem-Destino (OD). Grande parte dos sistemas de transportes públicos implementa sistemas de bilhética que são capazes de fornecer com precisão a origem dos percursos efectuados pelos passageiros, mas não o destino. Nesta dissertação foi selecionada a tecnologia Wi-Fi como um candidata a fornecer leituras de precisão para estimar matrizes OD. Apresentamos um algoritmo capaz de recolher informação sobre dispositivos que suportam Wi-Fi, dentro de um autocarro público, acoplada com informação sobre posicionamento e tempo. É também apresentado um sistema que implementa este conceito ao usar requisitos mínimos. Uma implementação deste sistema foi colocada num autocarro público para efectuar recolha de dados durante várias semanas. Mais de 15000 percursos foram recolhidos em 9 dias diferentes. Estes dados foram contextualizados e mapeados num sistema OD para demonstrar como podem ser usado para estimar matrizes OD.
Davide, Pedro Miguel Monge. "Sistema de gestão para a recolha de material reciclável." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8587.
Full textNeste trabalho pretendeu-se desenvolver uma infra-estrutura distribuída que dê suporte à recolha de material reciclável diferenciado num meio urbano. Pretendeu-se assim implementar um sistema inteligente de alerta que recolhe a informação do nível de enchimento dos pontos de recolha, vulgarmente conhecidos por ecopontos, e envie essa informação para uma entidade responsável, através das tecnologias de informação. Actualmente, a recolha e transporte de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) são feitos de uma forma pouco eficiente, pois quando as equipas de recolha deste tipo de material se deslocam aos respectivos locais para recolher os resíduos, o contentor poderá estar demasiado cheio e com material a transbordar para o chão, ou não estar ainda cheio e a viagem terá sido feita em vão. No primeiro caso, perde-se material e no segundo desperdiça-se tempo e combustível. Com o objectivo de tentar solucionar os problemas de acumulação de material no exterior dos ecopontos, pretende-se ainda incluir no sistema a desenvolver um mecanismo de alerta, no qual os cidadãos informem a ocorrência de uma situação anómala no exterior de um ecoponto. Deste modo, pretende-se obter a participação activa dos cidadãos, no sentido de tornar o depósito, a recolha e o consequente transporte do material recolhido em contentores, um processo o mais eficaz possível, permitindo assim obter uma maior eficiência do sistema, com vista a uma possível redução global dos custos e da degradação dos espaços urbanos. Ao longo da dissertação serão apresentados conceitos sobre a reciclagem abordando diferentes perspectivas, das quais se destacam a económica, social e a tecnológica. Serão ainda abordados os tipos e sistemas de recolha actualmente existentes, identificando as suas principais vantagens e lacunas. O principal objectivo deste trabalho é o de criar, especificar e implementar um sistema protótipo inteligente que permita ler a informação lida pelo sensor de ultrassom do valor actual de enchimento de um ecoponto, transmitir essa informação para uma entidade central que processa os dados recebidos, mantendo o seu registo ao longo do tempo, e determina a forma de como o material reciclável diferenciado é recolhido, calcular as rotas óptimas de recolha baseadas no percurso mais curto ou mais rápido.
Olarte, Mescco Mildred Gabriela. "Plaza Mercado en la ciudad del Cusco." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655725.
Full textOver the years, modernization and great technological advances, architecture has shown changes, certain equipment has evolved and adapted to the user and time. In Peru many facilities were forgotten, one of these being the food markets. A market is the great pantry of a city, the most important commercial, cultural and social point, but currently the existing infrastructures are neglected. That is why this thesis project "Market Square in the city of Cusco" will propose to develop a solution proposal and the revaluation of a typology forgotten in time, whose focus is to revalue the food markets as a key meeting space for communication, tradition and culture in conjunction with an architecture according to the demands and needs of the user, creating new architectural spaces and permanent environments that provide new experiences.
Tesis
Martini, Silvia Rosana Modena. "O IBOPE, a opinião pública e o senso comum dos anos 1950 = hábitos, preferências, comportamentos e valores dos moradores dos grandes centros urbanos brasileiros (Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo)." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280598.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: A modernidade que se desenhava nos anos 1950 nos dois maiores centros urbanos brasileiros, fundamentada na posse e consumo de bens industrializados, contrastava com o Brasil predominantemente rural. À medida que a população se urbanizava, novos produtos, que caracterizavam um padrão de vida urbano e moderno, incorporam-se ao consumo dos brasileiros: o automóvel, a televisão, o aspirador de pó, a enceradeira, a geladeira e centenas de outros produtos, frutos do capitalismo industrial. Desenvolvimento, para a maioria da população, significava a posse destes bens duráveis. Inicialmente, o estilo de vida moderno espraiou-se nos grandes centros urbanos, entre o empresariado e a classe média alta, posteriormente, pela força dos meios de comunicação - rádio e televisão - atingiu as classes menos privilegiadas. As pesquisas de opinião pública do IBOPE ? que fundamentam este trabalho ?, depositadas no Arquivo Edgard Leuenroth, constituem-se em rica fonte documental para quem pretende estudar o comportamento dos moradores dos grandes centros urbanos brasileiros, pois trazem à tona o cotidiano de homens e mulheres que vivenciaram os anos 1950 e passaram a consumir determinados bens, quer seja materiais ou simbólicos, atrelados a um processo mundial: a formação da sociedade de consumo
Abstract: The modernity developed during the years of 1950 at the two biggest brazilian urban centers, based upon ownership and consumption of industrialized goods, diverged from a Brazil predominantly rural. As the population would become urbanized, new products that would feature an urban and modern lifestyle would be added to Brazilians consumptions: cars, television, hoover, floor polisher, refrigerator and hundred of other products as a reward of the industrial capitalism. Development for most people meant the possession of these non perishable goods. Initially the modern lifestyle spread through the big urban centers among entrepreneurs and high middle class, at a later time through the media - radio and television - it reached the less privileged class. The public opinion surveys by IBOPE (Brazilian Institute of Public Opinion and Statistics) from which this paper is based filed at Arquivo Edgard Leuenroth constitute a rich documental source to those who intend to study the behavior of the residents of brazilian big urban centers as they evoke the daily life of men and women who experienced the years of 1950 and started acquiring specific goods either material or symbolic ones attached to a worldwide process: the creation of a consumerism society
Doutorado
Trabalho, Cultura e Ambiente
Doutor em Sociologia
Saenko, Alexander. "Percorsi personalizzati per la mobilità urbana." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12196/.
Full textVENUTA, MARIA LUISA. "La città da energivora a nodo attivo delle reti di produzione e di scambio energetico." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/85.
Full textCan internet logic scheme be used as a basis to describe public policies evolution on renewable energies production and sharing in urban areas all over the world? The research project analyses the two networks (internet and energetic grids) architectures in actual and future urban areas. This analysis is connected with present and future forecasts energy productions from traditional fuels and from renewable sources. Theoretical analysis is conducted following a double conceptual pathway: - societal networks (Manuel Castells theory) and urban areas evolution (Saskia Sassen and Mike Davis) in order to picture the evolution of cities and towns in modern economies and in developing countries (Chapters 2 and 5); - Material and Energy Flow Analysis (approach by Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy) applied to renewable energy (Chapters 3 and 4) In Chapter 6 case studies are exposed on the deep cleavage between two different worlds: innovative, rich towns on a side and the landfills cities, slums on the other side. In the last part hypothesis and thesis are put together and open questions are explained (Chapter 7).
Gavriněvová, Kristýna. "Jak vypadá neviditelné město." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-327000.
Full textPalhinha, João Pedro Pereira. "SpreadNose: Sistema de Monitorização de Poluição em Ambientes Urbanos." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/86426.
Full textNos dias de hoje, o tema da poluição ambiental, causa cada vez mais preocupação, à medida que as consequências causadas pelos efeitos nocivos da mesma são mais evidentes. Assim surge a crescente necessidade para a sensibilização da população, de modo a que sejam alterados hábitos prejudiciais ao meio ambiente e tomadas medidas com o intuito de o preservar. Para tal, é necessário desmascarar este problema, que passa muitas vezes despercebido, criando uma maneira de atribuir um rosto à poluição ambiental de modo a que as pessoas a possam visualizar com outros olhos, e corrigir a sua influência negativa para a qualidade do ar.O trabalho desenvolvido nesta dissertação procura fornecer uma ferramenta que permita monitorizar a poluição ambiental, e posteriormente disponibilizar a informação à população, sobre estado do ar nas zonas urbanas. Para tal, foi considerada a implementação de uma rede de sensores fixos e móveis, de baixo custo, que poderão ser espalhados por toda a área urbana, através da introdução de nós móveis em transportes públicos. O sistema implementado permite realizar medições georreferenciadas no espaço e no tempo, para os poluentes Monóxido de Carbono (CO), Dióxido de Carbono (CO2), Dióxido de Azoto (NO2), Ozono (O3) e Material Particulado (PM), bem como informação sobre a temperatura, humidade relativa do ar, pressão atmosférica e radiação solar. A informação recolhida é armazenada num servidor para posterior análise. Para a demonstração de resultados, foram construídos mapas de poluição sobre um mapa da cidade, utilizando dois métodos de estimação distintos: IDW e Kriging.Após testar o sistema, os resultados obtidos demonstraram-se coerentes com o esperado, atribuindo maiores níveis de poluição para o centro da cidade onde o tráfego rodoviário é mais intenso, e atribuindo menores concentrações de poluição nas áreas circundantes e zonas de maior área florestal.
Nowadays, the environmental pollution is causing more and more concern, as the harmful effects are increasingly evident. As a result, there is a growing need to raise awareness among the population to change harmful habits to the environment and take measures to preserve it. To do so, it’s necessary to unmask this issue, which often passes by invisible, creating some way to attribute a face to environmental pollution, so that people can see it with different eyes and correct its negative influence on air quality.The work developed in this dissertation seeks to provide a tool to monitoring environmental pollution and subsequently provide information to population, about the air quality in urban areas. Therefore, it was considered an implementation of a low-cost network, composed of fixed and mobile sensors, that could be spread throughout the urban area, with the introduction of mobile sensor nodes in public transports. The implemented system allows performing georeferenced measurements in space and time, for the pollutants Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ozone (O3) and Particulate Matter (PM), as well as temperature, air relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, and solar radiation. The collected information is stored on a server for further analysis. For results demonstration, pollution maps are built on a city map, using two distinct estimation methods: IDW and Kriging.After testing the system, the obtained results prove to be consistent, with expected, assigning higher pollution levels in the center of the city, where road traffic is more intense, and assigning lower pollution concentrations in both surrounding and forest areas.
Araújo, Tiago Costa de. "Sobre a qualidade dos dados em sensoriamento de baixo custo para caracterização ambiental de espaços urbanos." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/72042.
Full textThis work investigates the quality of low – and ultra-low – cost sensors that may be applied in environmental monitoring campaigns in urban areas, given its nominal operation features. Sensors of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and ozone were investigated, chosen from a selection of commercial models available, often used in the instrumentation of initiatives in operation. The climatic sensors were analysed under the conditions of a climatic controlled chamber where different situations for temperature and humidity were programmed. As results, it was observed that: most of the temperature sensors shown satisfactory performance; the humidity sensors have shown moderate performance; the pressure sensors shown good agreement between them, but it was observed that they suffer some interference from temperature, and it can be crucial to its accuracy when applied outdoors. The carbon dioxide sensors were evaluated by the comparison of their data with a reference instrument during indoors exposition to indoors concentrations and has shown good results, and some of them are ready for use. The carbon monoxide sensors have not shown conclusive results about its accuracy, but it has promising performance for configuration to lower concentrations. Ozone sensors did not provide conclusive results: either positive neither negative. In general terms, it can be concluded that climatic sensors can provide useful data if used carefully. Gas sensors, however, are much more critic, considering that its handling is not intuitive, and its readings, without treatment, presented limited quality.
Este trabalho investiga a qualidade dos dados de sensores de baixo, e ultrabaixo custo que podem ser utilizados em campanhas de monitoramento ambiental para áreas urbanas, dadas as suas características nominais de operação. Foram investigados sensores de temperatura, humidade, pressão atmosférica, monóxido de carbono, dióxido de carbono e ozono, escolhidos a partir de uma triagem de modelos comerciais disponíveis, utilizados na instrumentação de iniciativas em funcionamento. Os sensores – então chamados de – climáticos foram analisados sob as condições de uma câmara de ambiente controlado, onde foi possível programar condições específicas de temperatura e humidade. O resultado da avaliação destes sensores foram: satisfatórios para maior parte dos sensores de temperatura; os de humidade apresentaram desempenho moderado; os sensores de pressão apresentaram boa concordância em condições ambientais específicas, sugerindo que as condições climáticas podem interferir na exatidão destes sensores. Os sensores de CO2 foram avaliados pela comparação com um instrumento de referência enquanto mediam concentrações em ambiente interior e apresentaram bons resultados. Os sensores de monóxido de carbono, apesar da necessidade de resultados mais conclusivos, demonstraram ser promissores para sensoriamento de baixas concentrações. Da avaliação dos sensores de ozono não se obtiveram resultados significativos que permitissem concluir sobre a qualidade dos dados por si fornecidos. Em termos gerais, conclui-se que os sensores climáticos são capazes de fornecer dados úteis, desde que sejam utilizados com cuidado. Os sensores de gases, por sua vez, são consideravelmente mais críticos, uma vez que seu manuseio não é intuitivo e suas leituras, sem tratamento, apresentaram uma qualidade limitada.
Perdigão, André David Távora. "Infraestrutura de comunicações e serviços para IoT em ambientes urbanos." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/28301.
Full textIn recent years, it has been criticized to only test technologies at simulators, before being applied for everyone to use. Due to these critics, it is now necessary to test all technologies in real environment. However, some technologies require a large and expensive infrastructure, making it difficult for researchers to access. For some reasons, including the reasons above, there has been an increasing difference between the technologies used and the technologies in development. This generates a growing interest in creation of open living labs around the world. These laboratories are made to provide recent technologies, giving access to researchers interested in its development. Allowing test and demonstrations at these platforms for realistic results. This will help in finalizing the technologies, which will reduce the gap between available technologies and the technologies in development at the moment. This thesis presents some contributions made for the PASMO project, which will provide a platform where will be possible to test and develop some recent technologies. These contributions can be divided in three different parts: planning, electronic e network control. In the planning part it was discussed where the equipment will be deployed. To select the locations, it was necessary to tests the technologies used under different climatic conditions. These tests were made to know the limits of the technologies used, in order to guarantee that the platform works in adverse conditions. The tests were made on Wi-Fi and LoRa, and analysing the results obtained we concluded that the range of Wi-Fi is more than 500 meters and the range of LoRa parking sensors is 100 meters. Based on these results, some options were selected to the places of equipment. In the electronic part, it is the projection of a heartbeat system. This system will check if the platform equipment is operating normally. In case of problems, this system can temporarily remove the power of the equipment, to make a hard reset on the equipment. For this it was necessary to create a circuit to control the energy and a program to a microcontroller that will check the equipment and control the circuit. With the solution developed it was verified that an access point can be monitored. For the network control part, a program has been made that can communicate with each heartbeat system. With this program, the user can control and monitor each heartbeat system without having to go to the location of the equipment.
Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações