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Journal articles on the topic 'SENT (Single Edge Notch Tension)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Kayamori, Yoichi, S. Hillmansen, P. S. J. Crofton, and Roderick A. Smith. "Ductile Crack Propagation Characteristics in Steel Thin Single Edge Notched Tension Specimens." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 2180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.2180.

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Static and dynamic ductile crack propagation tests were carried out using thin single edge notched tension (SENT) specimens of carbon-manganese steel, each of which had a fatigue pre-crack or a sharp V-notch as a crack initiator. The crack tip opening angle (CTOA) was measured using digital images on the surface of the SENT specimens, and the critical values of CTOA for crack propagation decreased with increasing crack length while initial crack growth was still small. After the initial crack growth up to the distance of the specimen thickness, the critical CTOA remained almost constant. These tendencies were common in static and dynamic crack propagation specimens as well as fatigue pre-cracked and sharp V-notched specimens. There was no particular difference in the static crack propagation characteristics of both fatigue pre-cracked and sharp V-notched specimens. On average, it was observed that higher crack speeds affected the constant values of the critical CTOA by slightly reducing them. The constant CTOA tends to decrease with an increasing global constraint factor, and this suggests that the factor is insensitive to a crack starter, fatigue pre-crack or a sharp V-notch, but relatively sensitive to crack speed.

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2

IGI, Satoshi. "Single Edge Notch Tension Test and its Application to Strain-Based Design." JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 85, no. 7 (2016): 633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.85.633.

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3

Van Minnebruggen, Koen, Dries Van Puyvelde, Wim De Waele, Matthias Verstraete, Stijn Hertelé, and R. Denys. "Implementation of an unloading compliance procedure for measurement of crack growth in pipeline steel." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 2, no. 3 (November 6, 2011): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v2i3.20538.

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As the demand for fossil fuels increases, pipelines are constructed in inhospitable areas. Underthese conditions, not only the strength but also the deformability of the pipelines becomes crucial. A strainbased design (SBD) procedure needs to be established. Traditional stress based approaches to evaluatedefect tolerance lead to conservative predictions. There is a need to accurately define the fracturetoughness of the pipeline steel and assess the criticality of weld defects under strain based conditions. Thispaper focuses on the implementation of the unloading compliance method to determine stable crackgrowth. The standardized test procedure described in ASTM E1820 is applied. This method is a handy toolto obtain the J-resistance curves which can forecast ductile failure in pipeline girth welds. Preliminaryexperiments have been performed on Single Edge Notch Bend (SENB) specimens of plain pipe metal.Using the implemented procedure, it was possible to obtain a good fit between calculated and measuredcrack size. The most important result is the smoothness of the calculated crack growth and the rathermonotonic increase of crack size. Since testing on SENB is well known to provide conservativemeasurements, Single Edge Notch Tension (SENT) specimens will be evaluated in future work

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4

Ohms, Nicholas, Diego Belato Rosado, and Wim De Waele. "Evaluation of ductile tearing for API-5L X70 pipeline grade steel using SENT specimens." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 6, no. 3 (October 7, 2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v6i3.1129.

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Pipelines in harsh environments may be subjected to large deformations. Classic stress-based design needs to be complemented with strain-based design. An important parameter in the design is the crack growth resistance. SENT testing (Single Edge Notch Tension) allows to determine the so-called material’s tearing resistance curve. Very recently the first standard on SENT testing, BS 8571:2014, has been published. SENT testing is however still subject to extensive research and different approaches with respect to eg. notch placement, crack extension measurement and analysis exist. In this paper two methods for calculating crack extension based on the unloading compliance procedure are used and compared, proving that they show little difference. This is performed on an API-5L X70 steel grade and this for different configurations, namely an inner diameter notch and a through thickness notch. The results showed little difference between the different configurations, although the inner diameter showed higher crack growth resistance. Furthermore, the results are compared to visual observations of the fracture surfaces and a hardness map. The fracture surfaces corresponded to the obtained resistance curves. However, no real correlation between the hardness map and the other results could be seen.

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5

Shen, Lin, Hui Chen, Xiaoli Che, and Lidong Xu. "Corrosion–fatigue crack propagation of aluminum alloys for high-speed trains." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 16-19 (July 26, 2017): 1744009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921744009x.

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A modified single-edge notch tension (SENT) specimen exposed to saline environment was utilized to investigate the corrosion–fatigue crack growth behaviors of 5083, 6005 and 7N01 aluminum alloys. The fatigue crack propagation life, corrosion–fatigue crack rate ([Formula: see text]) were tested. The microstructures and fracture surfaces of specimens were examined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that fatigue crack propagation rate of 7N01 in 3.5% NaCl was significantly higher than 6005 and 5083 alloys. The mechanisms of anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement are used to explain the results.

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6

CHAHBOUB, YASSINE, and SZAVAI Szabolcs. "Determination of GTN Model Parameters Based on Artificial Neutral Network for a Ductile Failure." Journal of Mechanical, Civil and Industrial Engineering 2, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jmcie.2021.2.1.1.

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The Gurson – Tvergaard – Needleman (GTN) mechanical model is widely used to predict the failure of materials based on laboratory specimens, direct identification of Gurson – Tvergaard – Needleman parameters is not easy and time-consuming, and the most used method to determine them is the combination between the experimental results and those of the finite elements, the process consists of repeating the simulations several times until the simulation data matches the experimental data obtained at the specimen level.This article aims to find GTN parameters for the Compact Tension (CT) and Single Edge Tensile Test (SENT) specimen based on the Notch Specimen (NT) using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach. . This work presents how the ANN could help us determine the parameters of GTN in a very short period of time. The results obtained show that ANN is an excellent tool for determining GTN parameters.

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7

Turtelboom, Robin, Pieter Vandenbroucke, Koen Van Minnebruggen, Stijn Hertelé, Matthias Verstraete, and Wim De Waele. "Influence of notch orientation on ductile tearing in SENT specimens." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 5, no. 1 (July 7, 2014): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v5i1.1116.

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There is a growing interest for the use of spiral welded pipes in strain based design related applications. Since the influence of the spiral weld on the plastic behaviour of the pipe is not yet fully understood, further research on this topic is required. An important aspect of this plastic behaviour is the effect of mixed mode loading on weld defects located in the helical weld. This paper elaborates on the first experimental trials to evaluate ductile tearing by means of single edge notched tensile specimen (SENT) testing with slanted notches. Tests were performed on two SENT specimens, one with a slanted notch and another with a straight notch in order to investigate the influence of mixed mode loading. The crack mouth opening displacement and crack extension were determined experimentally by means of digital image correlation and potential drop measurements respectively. The crack extension and the potential drop measurements were related by means of finite element simulations.

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8

Cornet, Christophe, Li Guo Zhao, and Jie Tong. "Modelling of Damage Development and Strain Ratchetting Using a Viscoplastic Constitutive Formulation." Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (October 2009): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.117.

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Simulation of both damage development and strain ratchetting in uniaxial loading conditions has been presented for a nickel-based superalloy at 650°C using the unified Chaboche viscoplastic model. A third kinematic hardening component was employed to simulate strain ratchetting; and a damage variable, based on plastic strain development, was also incorporated to simulate the damage evolution behaviour. Good agreement between the model predictions and the experimental results was obtained for both damage evolution and strain ratchetting. The model was then utilised to investigate the cyclic deformation behaviour near a crack tip for a single edge notch tension (SENT) specimen. Finite element analyses showed that strain ratchetting is seems to be a characteristic of the fatigue crack tip, which has been used as a criterion to predict the crack growth rates.

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9

Geldhof, Nick, Joeri Van Iseghem, Matthias Verstraete, Stijn Hertelé, Koen Van Minnebruggen, and Wim De Waele. "R-curve evaluation of pipeline girth welds using advanced measurement techniques." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 5, no. 1 (July 7, 2014): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v5i1.1117.

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A strain-based flaw assessment procedure is recommended for girth welded pipelines subjected to large deformations. To evaluate the allowable defect dimensions, the tearing resistance needs to be characterized. This paper investigates the effect of weld metal strength mismatch on the resistance curve using Single Edge Notched Tension (SENT) specimens. Several advanced measurement techniques are applied during the tests in order to obtain a continuous measurement of crack extension and to visualize the deformation fields near the crack. The resistance curves are determined using a single specimen technique. The unloading compliance method and the potential drop method result in similar predictions of ductile crack extension, yielding similar resistance curves. Next to these measurements, the full field deformations are determined using digital image correlation. The experiments indicate that the position of the applied notch in the weld has the potential to influence the strain fields.

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10

Verstraete, Matthias, Stijn Hertelé, Wim De Waele, and Rudi Denys. "Influence and evaluation of constraint on fracture toughness in pipeline research." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 3, no. 1 (November 6, 2012): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v3i1.20553.

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Accessing nowadays fossil fuel reserves requires a strain-based design approach. Within suchdesign, the ductile tearing resistance is a key parameter in assessing the defect tolerance. To determinethis tearing resistance, full scale (pressurized) tests can be performed. However, such approach would becostly and time consuming. Consequently, effort is made to select appropriate small scale test specimens.Most research has focused so far on the single edge notch bend (SENB) and tensile (SENT) specimen. Toevaluate the suitability of these test specimens, the crack tip stress fields can be examined or theresistance curves compared with full scale structures. This paper aims at comparing the trends observedusing these techniques. Furthermore, the suitability of the small scale test specimens is evaluated. It isconcluded that sufficiently long (length-to-width ratio equal to ten) clamped SENT specimens have thepotential to predict the tearing resistance of full scale pipes. In addition, the internal pressure does notsignificantly affect the fracture toughness. These conclusions are stated by both experimental results andfinite element simulations.

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11

Büyükkaya, Kenan, and Faruk Güner. "Determination of Static Fracture Toughness of Nettle Fibre (Urtica Dioica)/Polymethyl-methacrylate Composites Using Different Fracture Methods." Mechanics 26, no. 2 (April 20, 2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.26.2.23308.

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In this study, the breaking behaviour of polymethylmethacrylate reinforced with nettle fibre was investigated experimentally. Single edge notched bending (SENB) and compact test(CT) specimens were produced to include notches in various ratios. The Mode I fracture behaviour of samples were determined utilizing static frac-ture toughness experiments such as the Three Point Bend-ing (TPB) and Compact Tensile tests. The fracture tough-ness (KIC) was investigated using the TPB Test (Compli-ance and Initial notch method), and Compact Tension test. The bending module and bending stresses were also determined. It was found that nettle-fibre reinforcement improves the bending strength of the composite by 60% and improves the fracture toughness more than two-fold.

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12

Deprez, Maxime, Frédéric Keereman, Koen Van Minnebruggen, Stijn Hertelé, and Wim De Waele. "Study of SENT specimens with a tilted notch to evaluate ductile tearing in spiral welded pipeline applications." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 6, no. 3 (October 7, 2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v6i3.1133.

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There is an increasing interest for the use of spiral welded pipelines in strain based design applications. Environmentally imposed loads are able to plastically deform the pipelines, meaning that their structural response is of the utmost importance. However, since the influence of the spiral weld is not fully grasped, further investigation is necessary. The mechanical response of the pipeline is not only influenced by its material properties, but also by the angular position of the welds. Subsequently, the effect of mixed mode loading is a crucial aspect when assessing the helical welds. To evaluate the ductile tearing of the pipeline material, multiple single edge notched tensile (SENT) tests - each with a tilted notch of 25° with respect to the transverse direction - were executed. The extension of the crack is assessed by means of potential drop measurements and finite element simulations. Resistance curves were realized by combining the crack opening displacement with the associated crack extension. This is an ongoing investigation and in this paper a first set of five tests are evaluated.

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13

Sajuri, Z., N. A. Alang, Nur Azhani Abd Razak, and M. A. Aziman. "Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Rail Track Material." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 1109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.1109.

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Fracture toughness KC and fatigue crack growth behavior of commuter train’s rail track material used in Klang Valley, Malaysia was investigated. Two different tests were performed in accordance to ASTM E399 and E647 testing procedures using single edge notch bend (SENB) and compact tension (CT) specimens, respectively. The results showed that the average KC value of the rail track material was 51.7 MPa√m. On the other hand, from the fatigue crack growth test, both longitudinal (LD) and short-transverse (TD) direction specimens demonstrated identical Paris’ Law constants C and m of 1.3 x 10-12 m/cycle and 3.54, respectively. Prediction of bending fatigue life of rail track material using the above obtained parameters showed a good agreement with the experimental results.

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14

Jaske, Carl E., and R. Viswanathan. "Use of Miniature Specimens for Creep-Crack-Growth Testing." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 122, no. 3 (March 16, 2000): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.482814.

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Measuring the condition of high-temperature components after many years of service is an important part of remaining life assessment. Tests of miniature specimens have been utilized for this purpose because they require that only small samples be removed from the components, which minimizes or eliminates the need for costly repairs. Miniature-specimen techniques have been developed and validated for creep-rupture testing but not for creep-crack-growth testing. The objective of this research was to develop and validate a procedure for measuring creep-crack-growth behavior using miniature specimens. Based on a past study of Type 316 stainless steel, the single-edge-notch-tension (SENT) specimen configuration was chosen for the current work. SENT specimens were designed and prepared from both base metal and weldments of 2-1/4Cr-1Mo and 1-1/4Cr-1/2Mo steels. The base metal was ASME SA 387, Grade P22 and Grade P11 plate, respectively. The 2-1/4Cr-1Mo steel weldment was a seam-weld hot reheat steam pipe that had been in service for 106,000 hours, while the 1-1/4Cr-1/2Mo steel weldment was from a pipe that had been weld repaired after 244,200 hours of service. SENT specimens with test sections of 10×5×1.5 mm, 15×7.5×1.5 mm, and 20×10×1.5 mm were evaluated. Tests were conducted under constant weight loading or constant load-line displacement loading. Specimens were heated to 538°C using a standard laboratory furnace. Crack length was measured using the DC electric potential drop method. The test results were analyzed to produce creep-crack-growth rate da/dt as a function of the C* integral and compared with data from tests of half-size (1/2T-CT) and standard full-size (1T-CT) compact-tension specimens. For both base metals, the 1/2T-CT and three sizes of SENT specimens gave results that agreed well with those of 1T-CT specimens. For the 2-1/4Cr-1Mo steel weldments, SENT specimens produced good results. However, SENT specimens of the 1-1/4Cr-1/2Mo steel weldments exhibited cracking blunting and no creep crack growth. The reasons for the differences in behavior are discussed and guidance for application of miniature specimens to creep-crack-growth testing is presented. [S0094-4289(00)01403-1]

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15

Graice, Ihab Mamdouh, Maher Y. A. Younan, and Soheir Ahmed Radwan Naga. "Experimental Investigation Into the Fracture Toughness of Polyethylene Pipe Material." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 127, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1845478.

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The mechanical behavior of the recently produced gas pipes material PE100 is investigated and compared to the commonly used material PE80 to determine their relative advantages. The two materials show plastic behavior at room temperature. The fracture toughness of the two materials is experimentally determined using the two common elastic plastic fracture mechanics methods: the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) multiple specimen test method for determining the J-R curve of the materials, and the crack opening displacement method. The investigation of the fracture behavior of the two materials includes the effect of the specimen thickness as well as specimen configuration. The experimental tests were carried on the compact tension specimens and the single edge notch bending (SENB) specimens. At −70°C, the materials show elastic behavior, the ASTM test method for determining fracture toughness is applied to SENB specimens to determine KIC of both materials. PE80 shows greater resistance to fracture than PE100.

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16

Hassim, Dayang Habibah Abang Ismawi, Frank Abraham, John Summerscales, and Paul Brown. "Fatigue Crack Growth of Natural Rubber/Butadiene Rubber Blend Containing Waste Tyre Rubber Powders." Solid State Phenomena 317 (May 2021): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.317.293.

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Fatigue crack growth in NR/BR compound and the effect of two different types of recycled rubber powder (RRP) i.e. micronized cryo-ground 74 μm and ambient-ground 400 μm were studied using fracture mechanics approach. Absolute and relative hysteresis losses using single-edge notch tensile (SENT) specimens were determined with a displacement-controlled strain compensating for permanent set of the samples throughout the Fatigue Crack Growth (FCG) experiments. Results indicated a correlation between absolute/relative hysteresis loss and fatigue crack growth rate under specific dynamic strain amplitudes. Differences in relative hysteresis loss showed that additional energy dissipation, due to multiple new crack surfaces at the crack tip, contributes to the FCG of the RRP compounds. At higher tearing energy, beside other factors affecting the FCG performance of the RRP compounds, both higher absolute and relative hysteresis loss are slightly detrimental to the crack growth rates.

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17

Daud, M. A. M., Zainuddin Sajuri, Mohd Zaidi Omar, and Junaidi Syarif. "Critical Stress Intensity Factor Determination for AZ61 Magnesium Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 1121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.1121.

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A stress intensity factor K was used as a fracture parameter to determine the plane strain fracture toughness KIC of AZ61 magnesium alloy using a single edge notch bend (SENB) specimen in accordance to ASTM E399 testing method. Five different specimen thicknesses of 2 to 10 mm were used in the test. A sharp fatigue pre-crack was initiated and propagated to half of specimen width at a constant crack propagation rate of about 1 x 10-8 m/cycle before the specimen was loaded in tension until the fracture stress is reached and then rapid fracture occurred. The fracture toughness KC values obtained for different thicknesses showed that KC value decreased with increasing specimen thickness. The highest KC value obtained was 16.5 MPa√m for 2 mm thickness specimen. The value of KC became relatively constant at about 13 MPa√m when the specimen thickness exceeds 8 mm. This value was then considered as the plane strain fracture toughness KIC of AZ61 magnesium alloy. Calculation of the minimum thickness requirement for plane strain condition and the size of the shear lips of the fracture surface validate the obtained KIC value.

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18

Lam, P. S., Y. J. Chao, X. K. Zhu, Y. Kim, and R. L. Sindelar. "Determination of Constraint-Modified J-R Curves for Carbon Steel Storage Tanks." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 125, no. 2 (May 1, 2003): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1564069.

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Mechanical testing of A285 carbon steel, a storage tank material, was performed to develop fracture properties based on the constraint theory of fracture mechanics. A series of single edge-notched bend (SENB) specimen designs with various levels of crack tip constraint were used. The variation of crack tip constraint was achieved by changing the ratio of the initial crack length to the specimen depth. The test data show that the J-R curves are specimen-design-dependent, which is known as the constraint effect. A two-parameter fracture methodology is adopted to construct a constraint-modified J-R curve, which is a function of the constraint parameter, A2, while J remains the loading parameter. This additional fracture parameter is derived from a closed form solution and can be extracted from the finite element analysis for a specific crack configuration. Using this set of SENB test data, a mathematical expression representing a family of the J-R curves for A285 carbon steel can be developed. It is shown that the predicted J-Rcurves match well with the SENB data over an extensive amount of crack growth. In addition, this expression is used to predict the J-R curve of a compact tension specimen (CT), and reasonable agreement to the actual test data is achieved. To demonstrate its application in a flaw stability evaluation, the configuration of a generic A285 storage tank with a postulated axial flaw is used. For a flaw length of 10% of the tank height, the predicted J-R curve is found to be similar to that for a SENB specimen with a short notch, which is in a state of low constraint. This implies that the use of a J-R curve from the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standard designs, which typically are high-constraint specimens, may be overly conservative for analysis of fracture resistance of large structures.

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19

Azzabi, K. I., A. R. Luxmoore, and M. M. K. Lee. "J-integral estimation for single edge notch specimens in tension." International Journal of Fracture 63, no. 1 (September 1993): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00053317.

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20

Ezzat, H. A., and G. Sich. "Significance of the load shift in single-edge notch tension tests." Experimental Mechanics 26, no. 2 (June 1986): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02320006.

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21

Vieille, B., J.-D. Gonzalez, and C. Bouvet. "Fracture mechanics of hybrid composites with ductile matrix and brittle fibers: Influence of temperature and constraint effect." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 10 (September 25, 2018): 1361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318802613.

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The fracture behavior of hybrid carbon and glass fiber woven-ply reinforced polyether ether ketone thermoplastic quasi-isotropic laminates is investigated. Single-edge-notch bending and single-edge-notch tensile tests were conducted at room temperature and at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature ( Tg) to study the influence of both the constraint effect and the temperature on the strain energy release rate in laminates with ductile polyether ether ketone matrix and brittle fibers. As failure is primarily driven by fibers breakage in tension (single-edge-notch tensile test) and in tension/compression (single-edge-notch bending), it turns out that a temperature increase has very little influence on the mode I critical translaminar fracture toughness KIc though the ductility of polyether ether ketone matrix is exacerbated at T > Tg. It also appears that the constraint effect has very little influence on KIc as single-edge-notch tensile test and single-edge-notch bending specimens have virtually the same mean value (about 45MPa. [Formula: see text]). Single-edge-notch bending specimens being characterized by a gradual failure, the G-R curves were derived from the computation of the compliance loss and the corresponding gradual crack growth in agreement with the ASTM standard E1820. From the evolution of the G-R curves at high temperature, the highly ductile behavior of the polyether ether ketone matrix at T > Tg provides a good intrinsic toughness to the material, and the bridging of translaminar crack by the glass fibers at the outer surfaces of laminates contribute to a moderate increase in its extrinsic toughness.

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22

Van Gerven, Filip, Wim De Waele, Diego Belato Rosado, and Stijn Hertelé. "Characterization of slip lines in single edge notched tension specimens." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 6, no. 3 (October 7, 2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v6i3.1128.

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The application of slip line analysis in weld failure assessment has not gained much attention to date. The presented research aims to predict slip line patterns taking into account the complex heterogeneous structure of the weld. A preliminary study based on Single Edge Notched Tension (SENT) test results sampling pure base material, i.e. not containing any welds is conducted to assess the impact of side grooves on slip line behaviour and to validate slip line theory and finite element analysis.

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23

Tyson, B., P. Ding, and X. Wang. "Elastic compliance of single-edge-notched tension SE(T) (or SENT) specimens." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 8, no. 30 (September 8, 2014): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.30.13.

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24

Chen, Yu, and Steve Lambert. "Analysis of ductile tearing of pipeline-steel in single edge notch tension specimens." International Journal of Fracture 124, no. 3/4 (December 2003): 179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:frac.0000018236.36132.36.

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25

Martin, J. T., and S. B. Lambert. "Analysis of constraint in single edge notch tension specimens using the T-stress." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 65, no. 1 (January 1996): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-0161(94)00151-8.

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26

AMANO, Masato, Meicho OHO, Sadao HIBI, Takayasu MORI, and Masaru KADOTA. "Analysis of crack opening in low density polyethylene film under single edge notch tension." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 47, no. 7 (1990): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.47.537.

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27

Wu, ZR, FL Liu, X. Li, L. Fang, and YD Song. "Multistage fatigue modeling of single-edge-notch tension specimens for Ni-based superalloy GH4169." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 11 (November 2017): 168781401772994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017729948.

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28

Graba, M. "Numerical verification of the limit load solutions for single edge notch specimen in tension." Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 1 (March 2013): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2012.10.010.

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29

Roucou, David, Julie Diani, Mathias Brieu, and Armel Mbiakop-Ngassa. "Critical strain energy release rate for rubbers: single edge notch tension versus pure shear tests." International Journal of Fracture 216, no. 1 (January 12, 2019): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10704-018-00336-8.

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30

Sweeney, J. "Revised values of finite width correction factors for sen testing of orthotropic materials." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 23, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v234227.

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Values for finite-width correction (Y) factors relating to the single-edge-notch (SEN) tension testing of orthotropic materials in opening mode I were presented previously. These have since been found to be in error, in some cases substantially so, and a revised set of factors is presented.

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31

Zhu, X. K. "Corrected stress intensity factor solution for a British standard single edge notched tension (SENT) specimen." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 39, no. 1 (August 27, 2015): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ffe.12351.

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32

Bassindale, C., X. Wang, W. R. Tyson, and S. Xu. "Numerical verification of stress intensity factor solution for clamped single edge notched tension (SENT) specimens." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 41, no. 2 (August 24, 2017): 494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ffe.12700.

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Gong, Baoming, Congcong Xia, Giuseppe Lacidogna, Quanjun Xu, Yong Liu, and Yizhe Li. "Constraint analysis of thickness effects on fracture resistance behavior of clamped single-edge notch tension specimen." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 110 (December 2020): 102802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2020.102802.

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34

El-Ariss, Bilal, and Said Elkholy. "Feasibility of Reusing Damaged Steel Beams in Temporary Structures." Infrastructures 6, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6050069.

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This study addresses the feasibility of reusing pre-damaged steel beams in temporary structures. The extensive structural investigation of notch-damaged, unrepaired, and laterally unsupported steel beams was performed experimentally and numerically. The simply supported specimens were tested in two-point loading with the study parameters being the location and size of the notch. Some beams had one notch on one edge of the tension flange at different locations, and some beams had two notches on both edges of the tension flange. Three-dimensional numerical models were generated to simulate the behavior of the test beams. After verifying the model, the numerical analysis was extended to cover additional different notch depths and widths. The study showed that the capacity of beams with single notch was more influenced by the notch depth increase than it was by the increase in the notch width. Beams with double notches exhibited an even more pronounced and distinct decrease in the capacity as the notch depth and width increased. This investigation supports the feasibility of reusing pre-damaged steel beams in temporary structures under service loads and certain levels of damage, where the behavior of such beams is within the elastic range and the beam maximum defection is less than the allowable one.

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35

Zhuo, Xiao Min, Jie Xu, Peng Peng Li, Yu Fan, and Zhi Sun. "Effect of Residual Stresses on Ductile Crack Growth in Pipeline Steel." Materials Science Forum 850 (March 2016): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.850.403.

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In this study, the effects of residual stresses on the ductile crack growth resistance was investigated using single-edge-notched bending (SENB) and single-edge-notched tension (SENT) specimens as well as axisymmetric model. Weld residual stresses were introduced by the so-called eigenstrain method. The crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) and constraint parameter R were calculated for different specimens and residual stresses. Results show that the residual stresses slightly reduced the ductile crack growth resistance. However, crack tip constraint R elevated with the increase of residual stress.

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NODA, Nao-aki, Hironobu NISITANI, and Izumi FUKASAKO. "Tension and in-plane bending of a strip with A 60.DEG. V-shaped single edge notch." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 52, no. 476 (1986): 1066–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.52.1066.

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Brown, Norman, and S. K. Bhattacharya. "The initiation of slow crack growth in linear polyethylene under single edge notch tension and plane strain." Journal of Materials Science 20, no. 12 (December 1985): 4553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00559346.

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38

Sun, Xun, Haitao Liu, Lingwei Yang, Ru Jiang, and Haifeng Cheng. "Fracture toughness of Si3N4 fibers: A combined methodology based on single-edge notch tension and micropillar splitting." Ceramics International 44, no. 17 (December 2018): 22036–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.08.289.

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Liu, Zheng, Xin Wang, and Xu Chen. "J-Resistance Curve Testing Using Modified Normalization Method for SENT Specimens." Key Engineering Materials 795 (March 2019): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.795.367.

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A modified normalization (NM) method to determine J-R curves using clamped single edge notched tension (SENT) specimens was proposed. To validate and quantify the modified NM method, the J-R curves of X80 pipeline steel obtained by NM method are compared with those determined by the unloading compliance (UC) method for SENT specimens. The comparison shows that modified NM method is obvious better than unmodified NM method for SENT specimens. The modified NM method has great agreements with UC method, and is a valid and cost-effective tool to be applied to obtain J-R curves of API X80 steel using SENT specimens with shallow cracked depth to deep cracked depth.

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Su, Lin, Jie Xu, Wei Song, Lingyu Chu, Hanlin Gao, Pengpeng Li, and Filippo Berto. "Numerical Investigation of Strength Mismatch Effect on Ductile Crack Growth Resistance in Welding Pipe." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041374.

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The effect of strength mismatch (ratio between the yield stress of weld metal and base metal, My) on the ductile crack growth resistance of welding pipe was numerically analyzed. The ductile fracture behavior of welding pipe was determined while using the single edge notched bending (SENB) and single edge notched tension (SENT) specimens, as well as axisymmetric models of circumferentially cracked pipes for comparison. Crack growth resistance curves (as denoted by crack tip opening displacement-resistance (CTOD-R curve) have been computed using the complete Gurson model. A so-called CTOD-Q-M formulation was proposed to calculate the weld mismatch constraint M. It has been shown that the fracture resistance curves significantly increase with the increase of the mismatch ratio. As for SENT and pipe, the larger My causes the lower mismatch constraint M, which leads to the higher fracture toughness and crack growth resistance curves. When compared with the standard SENB, the SENT specimen and the cracked pipe have a more similar fracture resistance behavior. The results present grounds for justification of usage of SENT specimens in fracture assessment of welding cracked pipes as an alternative to the traditional conservative SENB specimens.

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Kim, Ik-Joong, Young-Pyo Kim, Chul-Man Kim, Youn-Young Jang, Nam-Su Huh, and Chang-Sung Seok. "Estimation of the Fracture Resistance Curve for Gas Pipelines Using the Single Edge Notched Tension (SENT) Specimen." Transactions of the KSME C Industrial Technology and Innovation 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-c.2019.7.1.015.

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42

Liu, Zheng, Dunji Yu, Jiankai Tang, Xu Chen, and Xin Wang. "Stress intensity factor and T-stress solutions for three-dimensional clamped single edge notched tension (SENT) specimens." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 168 (December 2018): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2018.08.006.

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Paredes, M. "Plastic limit load and its application to the fracture toughness testing for heterogeneous single edge notch tension specimens." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 37, no. 3 (October 11, 2013): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ffe.12111.

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Narasimhachary, S. B., P. W. Gravett, S. R. Shinde, and J. C. Newman. "Verification of stress-intensity factor and compliance relations for a single edge notch specimen under tension-compression loading." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 237 (October 2020): 106493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.106493.

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Kristiansen, N. ø., and C. E. Turner. "An improved collapse axis on the R6 FAD for combined tension and bending loading." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 28, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v281023.

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Experimental and computational studies were made of a number of single edge notch (SEN) specimens loaded through eccentric pins with notch depth ratios 0.21 and 0.52. It was found that as the applied load was increased the formation of a plastic hinge mechanism caused the ligament to shift sideways and in turn alter the ratio of bending to tension loading. The two different assumptions, constant and variable bending to tension ratio, gave very different paths in the moment-load ( M-Q) space, and failure lines when plotted on the R6 Fracture Analysis Diagram (FAD). An improved expression for normalized load, Sr, for SEN geometries under a linear loading system was obtained by including a plastic constraint factor in the uncreacked lower bound solution. For the pin-loaded SEN specimens under a non-linear loading system, it was shown that Sr based on ‘true path lengths’ in the yield diagram gave a failure curve which was in good agreement with the R6 Rev3 solution.

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Xu, Jie, and Yu Fan. "Effects of Temperature and Crack Tip Constraint on Cleavage Fracture Toughness in the Weld Thermal Simulated X80 Pipeline Steels." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 1595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1595.

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This paper studies the effects of temperature and crack tip constraint on cleavage fracture toughness of the weld thermal simulated X80 pipeline steels. A large number of fracture toughness (as denoted by CTOD) tests together with 3D finite element analysis are performed using single edge notched bending (SENB) and tension (SENT) specimens at different temperatures. Coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) is considered as the material microstructure in preparation of the weld thermal simulated fracture mechanics specimens.

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Xu, Jie, Wei Song, Wenfeng Cheng, Lingyu Chu, Hanlin Gao, Pengpeng Li, and Filippo Berto. "Modelling of Fracture Toughness of X80 Pipeline Steels in DTB Transition Region Involving the Effect of Temperature and Crack Growth." Metals 10, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10010028.

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This work presents an investigation of the effects of temperature and crack growth on cleavage fracture toughness for weld thermal simulated X80 pipeline steels in the ductile-to-brittle transition (DBT) regime. A great bulk of fracture toughness (crack tip opening displacement—CTOD) tests and numerical simulations are carried out by deep-cracked single-edge-notched bending (SENB) and shallow-cracked single-edge-notched tension (SENT) specimens at various temperatures (−90 °C, −60 °C, −30 °C, and 0 °C). Three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models of tested specimens have been employed to obtain computational data. The results show that temperature exerts only a slight effect on the material hardening behavior, which indicates the crack tip constraint (as denoted by Q-parameter) is less dependent on the temperature. The measured CTOD-values give considerable scatter but confirm well-established trends of increasing toughness with increasing temperature and reducing constraint. Crack growth and 3D effect exhibited significant influences on CTOD-CMOD relations at higher temperatures, −30 °C and 0 °C for the SENT specimen.

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Li, Yizhe, Baoming Gong, Xiaogang Li, Caiyan Deng, and Dongpo Wang. "Specimen thickness effect on the property of hydrogen embrittlement in single edge notch tension testing of high strength pipeline steel." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43, no. 32 (August 2018): 15575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.06.118.

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Jones, Rhys, Calvin Rans, Athanasios P. Iliopoulos, John G. Michopoulos, Nam Phan, and Daren Peng. "Modelling the Variability and the Anisotropic Behaviour of Crack Growth in SLM Ti-6Al-4V." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 13, 2021): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061400.

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The United States Air Force (USAF) Guidelines for the Durability and Damage Tolerance (DADT) certification of Additive Manufactured (AM) parts states that the most difficult challenge for the certification of an AM part is to establish an accurate prediction of its DADT. How to address this challenge is the focus of the present paper. To this end this paper examines the variability in crack growth in tests on additively manufactured (AM) Ti-6Al-4V specimens built using selective layer melting (SLM). One series of tests analysed involves thirty single edge notch tension specimens with five build orientations and two different post heat treatments. The other test program analysed involved ASTM standard single edge notch specimens with three different build directions. The results of this study highlight the ability of the Hartman–Schijve crack growth equation to capture the variability and the anisotropic behaviour of crack growth in SLM Ti-6Al-4V. It is thus shown that, despite the large variability in crack growth, the intrinsic crack growth equation remains unchanged and that the variability and the anisotropic nature of crack growth in this test program is captured by allowing for changes in both the fatigue threshold and the cyclic fracture toughness.

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Härkegärd, G., and A. Wormsen. "Non-linear analysis of shallow cracks in smooth and notched plates Part 1: Analytical evaluation." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 40, no. 3 (April 1, 2005): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/030932405x7845.

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This is the first paper of two that deal with the non-linear analysis of shallow cracks. Simple formulae are given for estimating the J integral for a power-hardening elastic-plastic solid. The proposed equation for estimating J makes use of the linear elastic and the fully plastic solution to interpolate over the entire range from small- to large-scale yielding. The elastic geometry factor is obtained by means of the stress intensity factor. In the fully plastic formulation, the plastic geometry factors are obtained by considering a pure power-hardening solid, which reduces at one limit to an incompressible linear elastic solid, and at the other to a perfectly plastic solid. The solutions are given for three basic configurations: a double-edge-cracked plate under tension and bending; a notched plate under tension with a crack at the root of the notch; a single-edge-cracked plate under bending. Both force control and displacement control are considered. The accuracy of the formulae is assessed using the finite element calculations in Part 2.

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