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1
Wulandari, Sri. "KALIMAT IMPERATIF DALAM NOVEL SELENA KARYA TERE LIYE (KAJIAN SINTAKSIS)." Jurnal PENEROKA 1, no. 01 (2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.30739/peneroka.v1i01.748.
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Novel as a form of literary work is expected to produce positive values for readers, so that they can be sensitive to problems related to social life and encourage good behavior. Novels usually tell about the realities of human life with the environment around them. This research focuses on the form and meaning of imperative sentences in Tere Liye's novel Selena. The purpose of this study was to determine the form and meaning of imperative sentences in Tere Liye's Selena novel. This study uses descriptive qualitative data analysis techniques. Data collection was done by observing method through note taking technique. The research results show that there are conclusions in the novel Selena by Tere Liye, namely finding the form of the imperative Intrasitive sentence and found 8 meanings, namely the imperative request sentence, and the imperative request sentence, the imperative expectation sentence, the imperative sentence for prohibition, and the imperative sentence for allowing, the imperative sentence for invitation, From the data and findings, there are 80 imperative sentences. The most common found were imperative sentences of request with as much as 48 data, while the least was the imperative sentences of leaving with 2 data.
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Jazuli, Ahmad. "MODUS KALIMAT PERINTAH DAN LARANGAN DALAM “ASBAB WURUD AL-HADITS” KARYA IMAM SUYUTHI KAJIAN PRAGMATIK." Jurnal CMES 12, no. 1 (2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/cmes.12.1.34870.
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This article aims to explain the commands and prohibitions of the prophet Muhammad in hadits by using Searle's speech act theory. The purpose of this study focused to describe the commands and prohibitions of the prophet Muhammad in seen from sentence mode. Results of this study indicate that there are several characteristics of the use of the phrase mode commands and prohibitions of the Prophet Muhammad such us declarative sentences mode with verb sentence form and noun sentence form; Imperative sentences mode with fi‘lul-amri form, ismu fi‘lil-amri form, dan la an-nahiyah form; and the interrogative sentences mode with using “َ ”أand “.”
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Plojović, Albina, Edin Nezirović, Elma Redžović, and Samir Smailović. "Sentence supplement in the form of dependent sentences and infinitive constructions." Univerzitetska misao - casopis za nauku, kulturu i umjetnost, Novi Pazar, no. 20 (2021): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/univmis2120066p.
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Syntax, as an important part of grammar, deals with the analysis of sentences and their elements. Many grammarians have paid great attention to sentence complements which, according to the dependent model of grammar, represent a very important part of a sentence. The structure or syntax of a sentence in German is probably the most complex topic in German grammar. One of the grammarians who devoted himself to this field of grammar was Ulrich Engel. Using the dependent model of grammar, Engel managed to bring the syntax of the German language closer to many Germanists in a simple way, and not only in the Germanspeaking area. Infinitive construction and dependent sentences are forms with the help of which certain sentence additions can be realized. Using the model of dependent grammar, this paper explains the process of realization of sentence addition, using examples from a specialized corpus, i.e., the first two chapters of the work Tin Drum (Die Blechtrommel) by Günther Grass, and the analysis of the content led to key answers.
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Sharma, Lok Raj. "Form - Function Relations in English." Global Academic Journal of Linguistics and Literature 4, no. 1 (2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/gajll.2022.v04i01.002.
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English is an affluent language as it retains the flexibility of forms and the multiplicity of messages conveyed through such forms. Phrases and sentences which are the two forms of linguistic structures can serve a number of grammatical and communicative functions. A grammatical function of language refers to the role of phrasal forms in a sentence as a subject, a predicator, a complement and an adjunct. A communicative function denotes the purpose of using the forms as the sentences. The purposes may be to advise, request, order, invite, greet, warn, thank and so on. A key purpose of this article is to expose form- function relations in English. The article writer mustered some phrases and sentences as the nominal data from the books on communication in English. Phrases and sentences which are considered forms in the study are analyzed from the perspectives of their grammatical and communicative functions respectively. This article winds up with a striking remark that a phrasal form can serve a number of grammatical functions and a sentence form can serve numerous communicative functions and vice versa. Furthermore, there is not always one to one correspondence between a linguistic form and its grammatical or communicative function.
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Bella Rezkita Shelanda and Ermawati S. "Analisis Kalimat Interogatif dalam Talkshow Mata Najwa." J-LELC: Journal of Language Education, Linguistics, and Culture 1, no. 3 (2021): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/j-lelc.2021.7996.
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This research is motivated by the existence of interrogative sentences in the Mata Najwa Talkshow which are influencing the listeners. The problems studied in this research are (1) What is the form of interrogative sentences asking for confession in the Mata Najwa Talkshow? (2) How is the form of an interrogative sentence that asks for an answer about one element of the sentence formed with the help of a question word in the Mata Najwa Talkshow? (3) What is the form of an interrogative sentence that asks for an answer in the form of a 'reason' in the Mata Najwa Talkshow? (4) What is the form of an interrogative sentence that asks for an answer in the form of an opinion in the Mata Najwa Talkshow? (5) What is the correct form of interrogative sentences in the Mata Najwa Talkshow?. The purpose of this study is to describe, analyze, interpret, and conclude the form of interrogative sentences that ask for confessions, ask for answers from question word elements, ask for reasons, ask for opinions and present them in the Mata Najwa Talkshow. The theory used to analyze the research problem is the theory proposed by Chaer (2009), Ramlan (2005), and other supporting theories. The approach in this research is a qualitative approach using content analysis method. The type of research conducted includes satisfaction research. Based on the analysis carried out, found 40 data regarding the form of interrogative sentences that ask for confession of 6 data, ask for answers from question word elements with 24 data, ask for reasons for 2 data, and ask for opinions on 8 data. No correct interrogative sentence found. The results and conclusions of this study are (1) interrogative sentences that ask for recognition found in the Mata Najwa Talkshow include interrogative sentences that ask for answers in the form of "yes" or "no", or "yes" or "no" with questionable intonation provide detailed answers. (2) Interrogative sentences that ask for an answer regarding one element of the sentence with the help of question words found in the Mata Najwa Talkshow include interrogative sentences that ask for an answer with one of the question words "where" then add the preposition "di" namely "where". (3) Interrogative sentences that ask for answers in the form of reasons found in the Mata Najwa Talkshow include interrogative sentences that use the question word "why" and get a complete answer. (4) Interrogative sentences that ask for answers in the form of opinions found in the Mata Najwa Talkshow include using the question word how and getting answers in the form of opinions. (5) The correct interrogative sentence is not found.
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Fischer, Klaus. "Cleft Sentences: Form, Function, and Translation." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 21, no. 2 (2009): 167–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542709000257.
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Although cleft sentences are possible constructions in both English and German, they are far more frequent in English texts. Durrell (2002: 479) observes in his Hammer's German Grammar and Usage that “with the exception of the type Er war es, der mich davon abhielt […], cleft sentence constructions sound unnatural in German and should be avoided.” The article discusses the form and function of cleft sentences in the context of other focusing devices. It shows that, although German and English cleft sentences have the same information structure, their stylistic value is very different. Using a short translation, Durrell's observation is confirmed: in translating cleft sentences into German, semantic equivalence is often sacrificed for stylistic appropriateness. Although structural features of both languages are the ultimate cause of the contrast, they cannot explain choices in each individual case. The article argues that structural typology should be complemented with a typology of parole: the respective frequencies of cleft sentences in both languages reflect neatly into the more verbal style, more hierarchical sentence construction and, in certain respects, greater semantic transparency of English texts (by comparison with their German counterparts).*
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Gong, Shuai, Zhenfang Zhu, Jiangtao Qi, Chunling Tong, Qiang Lu, and Wenqing Wu. "Improving extractive document summarization with sentence centrality." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (2022): e0268278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268278.
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Extractive document summarization (EDS) is usually seen as a sequence labeling task, which extracts sentences from a document one by one to form a summary. However, extracting sentences separately ignores the relationship between the sentences and documents. One solution is to use sentence position information to enhance sentence representation, but this will cause the sentence-leading bias problem, especially in news datasets. In this paper, we propose a novel sentence centrality for the EDS task to address these two problems. The sentence centrality is based on directed graphs, while reflecting the sentence-document relationship, it also reflects the sentence position information in the document. We implicitly strengthen the relevance of sentences and documents by using sentence centrality to enhance sentence representation. Notably, we replaced the sentence position information with sentence centrality to reduce sentence-leading bias without causing model performance degradation. Experiments on the CNN/Daily Mail dataset showed that EDS models with sentence centrality significantly improved compared with baseline models.
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Idrus, Muhammad, Nurhayati, M. Hum, and Gusnawaty Gusnawaty. "Personality Writer Generation Z: Psycholinguistic Study of Short Stories Angel Heart." International Journal of Religion 6, no. 1 (2025): 465–78. https://doi.org/10.61707/qzkszw93.
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Activity speak is a mental process that can describe condition soul and personality speaker or writer. Frequency choice of words used writer represent thoughts, habits and personality. Research This aims 1). Analyze form language used writer in short story Angel Heart 2). Analyze phase and form personality the author depicted in the use Language in short story Angel Heart. Type research used is descriptive qualitative, technical data collection using method listen and take notes research results show form language (words, phrases) used writer short story is happy and joyful , crying , asking , amazed , disappointed and sad , longing , wanting come on stage perfect . The sentences used writer shaped sentence single sentence compound and sentence compound complex. Type the sentence is sentence declarative imperative interrogative and sentences exclamative. Phase personality writer short story Angel Heart is phase imaginary personality form his personality is primary narcissism form behavior is amazed asking, disappointed and sad, as well miss.
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Dou, Ruifang. "Research on the Translation of Chinese Complex Sentences With Large Language Model ChatGPT-4o —Taking English Translation of Chinese Flowing Sentences as an Example." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 15, no. 5 (2025): 1541–49. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1505.19.
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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated outstanding performance in the field of machine translation. Many scholars have explored LLM-based translation from various perspectives, primarily focusing on the translation of routine, simple, and everyday texts. However, when it comes to the examination of specific sentence structures, especially complex sentences, the research is still somewhat insufficient. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the translation of Chinese complex sentences by ChatGPT-4o, focusing on the translation of Chinese flowing sentences, a special sentence pattern in Chinese. The study examines how ChatGPT-4o handles the subject identification and translation of zero-subject sentence segments within Chinese flowing sentences, as well as the translation of the frozen sentence segments in Chinese flowing sentences. The research results indicate that: for the ten categories of subject identification in zero-subject sentence segments, ChatGPT-4o can generally identify them all, but occasionally makes ambiguous identification; ChatGPT-4o employs two translation strategies—one is to add subjects (mostly in the form of pronouns) to translate the zero-subject sentence segments into independent clauses, the other is to translate the zero-subject sentence segments into attributive structures; the accuracy of ChatGPT-4o’s translation of frozen sentence segments is inconsistent; ChatGPT-4o may adopt the literal meaning or metaphorical meaning of the frozen sentence segment, determining the form of the frozen sentence segment based on the overall structure of the flowing sentence.
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Meijer, Paul J. A., and Jean E. Fox Tree. "Building Syntactic Structures in Speaking: A Bilingual Exploration." Experimental Psychology 50, no. 3 (2003): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//1617-3169.50.3.184.
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Abstract. In a series of three experiments we investigated syntactic priming using a sentence recall task. Participants read and memorized a target sentence for later recall. After reading a prime sentence and engaging in a distraction task, they were asked to produce the target sentence aloud. Earlier investigations have shown that this task is sensitive to a syntactic priming effect. That is, the syntactic form of the prime sentence sometimes influences the syntactic form of the recalled target. In this paper we report on a variation on this task, using Spanish-English bilingual participants. In the first two experiments we replicated the prepositional phrase priming effect using English target sentences and Spanish prime sentences. In the final experiment we investigated two additional syntactic forms, using Spanish target sentences and English prime sentences. Implications for models of syntax generation and bilingual speech production are discussed.
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Kim, Natalya, and Dilshoda Rakhmonova. "The Question of a Reasonable Sentence Statement in Communication." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no. 10 (2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i10.3070.
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In Korean, sentence syntax is an important subject of research. It is often noted that sentences, depending on the purpose of the statement, can be in a narrative, interrogative and motivating exclamation form. The Korean sentence is characterized by grammatical constructions. This article discusses constructs that convey a cause. In addition, one of the most striking features of the intonation of a complex sentence in Korean is the presence of sharp distinctive endings of sentences and grammatical structures that form different meanings.
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Puspita, Rani, and Maulana Yusup. "Makna Kalimat Amr dan Nahy dalam Kitab Bidāyat al-Hidāyah Karya Imam Al-Ghazālī." Alsina : Journal of Arabic Studies 5, no. 2 (2023): 191–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/alsina.5.2.22424.
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This article aims to explore various meanings within the sentences of "amr" (command) and "nahy" (prohibition) found in the book "Bidāyat al-Hidāyah". The research method employed is qualitative research. The data sources are divided into primary data sources, namely the book "Bidāyat al-Hidāyah," and secondary data sources, including various literature such as books, journals, and other texts related to the topics studied by the researcher. The data collection techniques used are documentation and purposive sampling. The sampling results indicate the presence of 14 sentences in the form of "fiʿil amr" (verbs of command), two sentences of "ism fiʿil amr" (nouns of command), and one sentence of " fiʿil muḍāri' " (present tense verb) preceded by "lam amr." As for "nahy", there are 12 sentence samples. The meanings of "amr" include ten sentences meaning guidance, one sentence meaning discipline, two sentences meaning pure command, two sentences meaning creation, and one sentence meaning prayer. Regarding the "nahy" sentences, four sentences were found to mean guidance, two sentences meant clarification of consequences, one sentence meant pure prohibition, one sentence meant admonition, one sentence meant avoidance, one sentence meant to dislike, and one sentence meant belittlement.
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Alisherovna, Nematova Niginabonu. "The phenomenon of polypredicativity in complex syntactic constructions of Chinese and Uzbek languages." American Journal of Philological Sciences 5, no. 2 (2025): 41–44. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume05issue02-12.
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The phenomenon of predicativity has been interpreted in linguistics for many years. However, despite this, the opinions expressed in this area are not general. In most works on grammar, predication is understood as a participle, and therefore it is emphasized that this phenomenon takes place only within a sentence. In recent decades, scientists have been paying increasing attention to polypredicative sentences. The term "polypredicative sentence" has become established both in theoretical works and in teaching practice. A polypredicative construction consists of predicative units that have the formal and semantic organization of a simple sentence, but do not have the main property of a communicative unit - semantic completeness. A complex sentence as a whole has this property, which brings it closer to a simple sentence that functions as a separate utterance. In written speech, a complex sentence, like a simple one, is separated from neighboring sentences by a period or a question or exclamation mark, which signal that it constitutes a separate communicative unit. In oral speech, the communicative completeness of a complex sentence is conveyed by intonation [Beloshapkova, 1991, 811-812]. A polypredicative sentence is a complex sentence that consists of several parts that are similar in form to simple sentences, but form a single whole in meaning, construction and intonation. The structure of a polypredicative sentence is varied. The parts of a polypredicative sentence are connected on the basis of union connections of subordination and composition, therefore polypredicative sentences are divided into complex and compound.
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Abbasov, Adalat. "Comparison of Syntactic-Semantic Features of Sentences and Incomplete Sentences." Teaching of Azerbaijani Language and Literature 71, no. 1 (2025): 12–18. https://doi.org/10.48445/f9646-0590-9052-d.
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Incomplete sentences belong to the system of participle sentences and can be expressed by all sentence members. It is especially useful to compare them with a sentence in order to determine precisely the coordinations that belong to incomplete sentences. These two sentence types have an apparently synonymous effect from a structural-semantic point of view. Because both sentence types have a dialogic structure in terms of communicative form. In incomplete sentences, one or both members involved in the expression of the idea are omitted. If one or more members of a single or double short and long sentence are omitted and these members can be easily restored, such sentences are called incomplete sentences. The word refers to a group of simple sentences that are not divided into members, that is, they are not members. Missing members in incomplete sentences can be recovered based on the context in the text. However, this is not possible in the sentence, because there is no need for it because the attitude to the original idea is expressed here. In general, connected speech should not be incomplete in content; this incompleteness is observed only in the form compared to its whole variants that can be used independently. Understanding these differences contributes to a deeper understanding of language usage. KEYWORDS syntactic-semantic feature, speech environment, communicative function, member sentence, stylistic aspect, contextual situation
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Liusti, Siti Ainim. "ANALISIS KALIMAT BERDASARKAN POLA KALIMAT DASAR DAN KALKULUS PREDIKAT." Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 15, no. 2 (2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2016.15203.
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This study aims to analyze the sentences based on the basic sentence patterns of Indonesian and predicate calculus. These approaches put the predicate as a core component in the sentence structure. The object of study is focused on declarative sentences of Indonesian. The data analysis consists of several stages. Basic sentence patterns of Indonesian consist of identifying the type of sentences, identifying the elements forming sentences, and putting on elements which are based on basic sentence patterns of Indonesian. Predicate calculus consists of identifying atomic or compound propositions, determining the predicate and other components, defining a form of expression predicate calculus, and making a notation function. The results showed that the basic sentence pattern analysis only identifies the internal elements in a single sentence, while the predicate calculus can as well identifies the internal elements of a single or compound sentence.
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Marice, Marice, and Mahriyuni Mahriyuni. "INVESTIGATING FRENCH INEFFECTIVE SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION IN STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC WRITING." Jurnal Darma Agung 31, no. 3 (2023): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.46930/ojsuda.v31i3.3478.
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This study aims to explore ineffective sentence constructions in French and explain the factors that cause ineffective sentence constructions in academic writing classes in the form of students’ theses. The study employed a qualitative approach through repeated reading activities with systematic observation and recording of the phenomenon of ineffective sentence construction in the students’ theses situated at a state university in Medan, Indonesia. The research sample is five theses from 2020 to 2022 cohorts. The data for theses writing were all French sentence constructions that are ineffective in the students’ theses contained in the Introduction chapter. The findings revealed that 134 ineffective sentence constructions were as follows, (a) incomplete sentence construction as many as 34 sentences (25%), consisting of sentences that did not have a subject, predicate, and object, subject and predicate were too far apart, did not pay attention to additional information with subordination clauses, not paying attention to intra-sentence and inter-sentence conjunctions, (b) 25 (19%) incoherent sentences, consisting of word order that did not clarify the sentence, errors in the use of prepositions, errors in the use of conjunctions, (c) 28 non-parallel sentences ( 21%), caused by the construction of ideas in a serial arrangement that is not the same in form, (d) 32 (24%) illogical sentences, consisting of inappropriate word choices, the dating of certain words that make it ambiguous, and the wrong arrangement of words or phrases illogical, (e) 15 (11%) non-efficient sentences, consisting of repetition of words that have been written, repetition of subject sentences, unnecessary parsing of words, pleonasms, writing of dates, months and years that are not appropriate, and the use of words relationship that is not necessary.
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Tursunova, A. "ANALYSIS OF CORE SENTENCES IN KYRGYZ LANGUAGE." Vestnik Bishkek state university af. K. Karasaev 2, no. 61 (2022): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35254/bhu/2022.61.56.
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In the late 1980s, there was an intense interest in model studies in Turkology. Research in this direction was generally aimed at examining simple sentence models in Siberian languages. On the basis of these studies, it has been proven that the central unit of the language system is the 'simple sentence'. Meaningful sentence structure elements form the essence of the sentence and have unlimited possibilities to expand the structural composition of the sentence. In this study, we will try to analyze the model study of core sentences in Kyrgyz language by using simple sentences according to the sentence structure features.
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Saragih, Dhea, Tiara Indah Sari Simangunsong, Desy Natalia Simanjuntak, Roma Rezeki Nami Saragih, and Kristiani Siagian. "Analysis of Types of English Sentences in English Folklore “Jack and the Beanstalk” from American Literature Website." International Journal Corner of Educational Research 2, no. 2 (2023): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54012/ijcer.v2i2.205.
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The purpose of this research is to examine the types of English sentences based on function consisting of declarative sentence, interrogative sentence, exclamatory sentence, and imperative sentence found in the folklore “Jack and The Beanstalk”. The method in this research was descriptive qualitative with research source obtained from the American Literature website. The results of this research showed that in the folklore “Jack and The Beanstalk” there were four types of English sentences based on function. Type of sentence that appeared most frequently in the folklore “Jack and The Beanstalk” was declarative sentences (46 times), followed by the exclamatory sentences (13 times). Meanwhile, the types of sentences that appeared the least were interrogative sentences (2 times) and imperative sentences (2 times). Or in percentage form, as many as 73% of the sentences in the folkore “Jack and The Beanstalk” were declarative sentences, as many as 21% were exclamatory sentences, as many as 3% were an interrogative sentences, and as many as 3% were imperative sentences.
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Panther, Klaus-Uwe, and Klaus-Michael Köpcke. "A prototype approach to sentences and sentence types." Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 6 (November 26, 2008): 83–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.6.05pan.
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This paper proposes a new solution to the age-old problem of defining the sentence and sentence types. Arguing against traditional definitions, we propose that the category SENTENCE exhibits a complex prototypical structure on the levels of morphosyntactic form, conceptual content, and pragmatic function. By positing that the central member of the category SENTENCE is the declarative sentence type, we can show how imperative sentences are related to the prototypical declarative sentence type and that imperatives exhibit an internal prototypical structure of their own. Finally, using a scenario approach, we show how the conceptual and pragmatic functions of declarative and imperative sentences may overlap.
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Rachman, Anita Kurnia. "KETIDAKEFEKTIFAN KALIMAT DALAM ACARA TALK SHOW ROSI EPISODE POLITIK KEBOHONGAN DAN POLITISI SONTOLOYO DI KOMPAS TV." SASTRANESIA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 7, no. 3 (2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32682/sastranesia.v7i3.1275.
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The study entitles Ineffectiveness of Sentences in Rosi’s Talk Show for episode of Lies Politics and Sontoloyo Politician on Kompas TV has two research focuses, the first focus is to discuss ineffective sentence that are limited to the form of unity and efficiency. The second focus is concerning to the causes of the ineffectiveness on sentences which are limited to contaminant factors, pleonasms and cognitive errors. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive method because the researcher thoroughly describes ineffective sentences forms and cause factors on ineffectiveness sentences. The object selected in the study is the Rosi’s Talk Show in Politics of Lies and Sontoloyo Politicians’ Episode on Kompas TV. The researcher takes the research data in ineffective sentences through transcripts of conversations between speakers and host. The result of study shows that in Rosi’s Talk Show in Politics of Lies and Sontoloyo Politicians’ Episode in Kompas TV found ineffective sentences in the form unity and effeciency. Unity is shown by the data with no subject and predicates. Effeciency sentences are indicated by finding data of sentences with double subjects. Based on the cause factors of ineffectiveness sentences, it was found a sentence containing contamination, pleonasms, and cognitive errors. The contamination in the sentence is indicated by the data finding of a sentence that has an irregular and chaotic structure. The pleonasm in a sentence is indicated by the data finding of a sentence with excessive words. The cognitive errors in sentences are indicated by finding data of sentences that do not show a logical meaning relationship.
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Djatmika, Djatmika, Ahfi Hikmawati, and Sumarlam Sumarlam. "Mental Intelligence and the Complexity of Sentence Structures in the Interaction between Teachers and Children with Autism." IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics) 5, no. 2 (2021): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v5i2.641.
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This article discusses the relationship between the mental intelligence of children with autism and their capability in understanding the complexity of sentence structure represented in utterances performed by their teachers. In addition, this study also explains the complexity of the sentence structure produced by the autistic children in interacting with the teachers. The data of this research are in the form of sentence structures used in the class interaction between teachers and students with autism. The collected data were then analyzed by classifying the sentences used by the teachers and the sentences produced by children with autism. The results showed that children with high mental intelligence were able to understand the complex sentence structures used by the teachers and were able to respond and speak utterances in the form of complex sentences. This shows that children with high mental intelligence understand and can produce sentences in a complex structure better than those with a low mental one.
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Sariakin, Sariakin, and Yulsafli Yulsafli. "THE SYNTAX OF TAMIANG LANGUAGE ACEH PROVINCE." Jurnal Sains Riset 12, no. 3 (2022): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47647/jsr.v12i3.861.
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Syntax is the study of rules for combining words into a sentence. The purpose of this research is to find out how the syntax of Tamiang language especially the sentences that are construction in the Language such as the patterns of phrases, clauses, and sentences. This research used descriptive design. The data in this research were collected through interviewing, noting and translating, recording and transcribing all utterances of Tamiang language. The number of subjects were about 24 persons. This research resulted that Tamiang language has four kinds of phrases. Meanwhile, Tamiang clauses have two forms: complete and incomplete form. The complete form has two patterns: subject-predicate and predicate -subject. Based on the parts of speech, Tamiang clauses have five forms: nominal clause, verbal clause, adjectival clause, numeral clause and prepositional clause. There are four kinds of sentences in Tamiang language: declarative sentence, imperative sentence, interrogative sentence and exclamatory sentence.Key Words: Syntax, Sentences, and Tamiang Language
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Karini, Zulia. "Text Translation Method by Considering Information Distribution in the Form of Theme-Rheme Relation." LEKSIKA 12, no. 2 (2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/lks.v12i2.3806.
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This study will analyze the translation of sentences in the text by giving consideration to the distribution of information presented in the form of Theme-Rheme relation. First we will identify Themes - Rheme in the sentences in the text and will analyze the results of the translation. The theme is information that is priori-tized in a sentence usually placed in the beginning of sentence, and Rheme is the proposed information. There are three types of Themes, namely Topical Theme, Interpersonal Theme, and Textual Theme. The object of discussion here is the Topical Themes, which are Themes relating to how the subject matter discussed in the clause or sentence is laid out. Topical themes are divided into two types: Marked Topical Theme and Un-marked Topical Theme. The analysis of Topical Themes are taken from a bilingual children's book entitled Sangkuriang from the publisher Nexx Media Inc., Bandung. Sangkuriang is one of the popular Indonesian folklore that tells of a very beautiful mother whose admirer is his own son. The text to be analyzed is part of the text that tells about the birth of Dayang Sumbi, the mother of Sangkuriang. From the result of the whole analysis, the source text consists of 10 Marked Topical Theme and Top 10 Unmarked Topical Theme. There are some Topical theme changes from the source text to the target text: a sentence with an Unmarked Topical Theme is translated into a sentence with a Marked Topical Theme, and vice versa. Based on the analysis of Topical Themes on the Source Text and Target Text it can be concluded that there are some sentences that have shifted Topical Themes. There have been some changes in information due to the shift in this Topical Theme, so it can be said that this translation is not good. At the end of the analysis is given an edit on the target text. The edit of this translation does not change the Topical Theme from the Source Text, so the sub-ject matter in each sentence of the Target text is the same as the subject matter in each sentence of the Source Text.
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Sari, Ihram. "TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF ANTARA DOSEN DAN NAHASISWA DALAM PERKULIAHAN MATA KULIAH BAHASA INDONESIA DI UMI." Multilingual 18, no. 2 (2019): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/multilingual.v18i2.107.
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The writer is interested in examining directive discourse between lecture and studentsin indonesian learning process as general subject in indonesia muslim university. The problem statement of this research is how the politeness forms from lecturer to students, students to lecturer, and students to students in Indonesian Language Subject at Universitas Muslim Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of politeness in the interaction of lecturers to students, students to lecturers, and students to students. This study focused on lecturers who teach general Indonesian language subject at the Faculty of Letters and first semester students, especially those who program general subject in Indonesian. The collected data will be analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the results of the research found, forms of language politeness in the interaction of lecturers to students in the form of declarative sentences,namely obeying the maxim of wisdom, praise, and agreement; interrogative sentences, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; imperative sentence, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; the exclamation sentence, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; and language politeness in the interaction of students to lecturers in the form of declarative sentences, namely obeying the maxim of generosity and agreement; interrogative sentences, namely obeying the maxim of generosity; the exclamation sentence, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; and the form of politeness in the interaction of students to students in the form of declarative sentences, namely the maxim of wisdom, generosity, agreement and sympathy; interrogative sentences, namely the maxim of wisdom and sympathy; imperative sentence, namely the maxim of wisdom; exclamation sentence, namely the maxim of wisdom. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the use of politeness in the formal setting is very useful for people's lives, including in the education side.
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Ekhsan, Nur Syamsiyah, and Rifanti Rifanti. "The Interrogative Sentence in English and Buton Tomia Language." Rhizome : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Humaniora 3, no. 1 (2024): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.56393/rhizome.v3i1.1098.
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This research has analyzed some differences of interrogative sentences in English and Buton Tomia language in order to contribute positively in language learning and teaching. Researcher used qualitative methods. Data in this research obtained by using literature study and interview. The results of the analysis found that the similarities between interrogative sentences in English and Buton Tomia is that each sentence uses a subject, verb, and object. While the difference in the form of interrogative sentences in English and Buton Tomia is that each interrogative sentence (yes/no question) in English begins with an auxiliary verb in the Buton Tomia language does not use auxiliary verbs and the form of interrogative sentence (yes/no question) in the Buton Tomia language.
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DEPUYDT, L. "Sentence Pattern and Verb Form." Le Muséon 108, no. 1 (1995): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/mus.108.1.525837.
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Fitri, Rika, and Ellya Ratna. "KARAKTERISTIK KALIMAT DALAM TEKS EKSPOSISI SISWA KELAS X SMA ADABIAH PADANG." Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia 9, no. 1 (2020): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/108279-019883.
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ABSTRACT This article expressed the characteristics of the sentences in the exposition text of X grade students of Adabiah Padang High School. Two purposes of this study, the first one was to describe the sentence structure (subject, predicate, object, and description) contained in the text of exposition written by X grade. The second aim was to describe the type of sentence based on the number of clauses in the sentence (single and compound sentences) contained in the text of exposition of X grade. The type of this research was a qualitative using descriptive methods. This research was conducted at Adabiah Padang High School, especially in the X grade which the total was 124 students. The entry of this study was the writing of exposition text by X grade in terms of sentence characteristics (sentence structure and type of sentence). Data discussed was qualitative. The data analyzed in the form of sentence characteristics (structure and types of sentences) contained in the exposition text of the work of X grade. Source of the data in this research was the text of exposition written by X grade. There were two research findings which the first was the sentence structure that was widely used by X grade was S + P + O pattern, the total was 88 sentences from 152 sentences studied. Second, the type of sentences used by X grade were single sentence types, which the amount was 140 sentences from 152 sentences studied. Kata kunci: Karakteristik, Kalimat, Teks Eksposisi
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Nur Aini, Alifia, Hanifah Putriyani, and Muslikhatul Laila. "KESALAHAN BERBAHASA PADA PAMFLET MEDIA ONLINE PONDOK PESANTREN AL-FATTAH: KAJIAN SINTAKSIS." Jurnal PENEROKA 3, no. 2 (2023): 240–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30739/peneroka.v3i2.2235.
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This type of qualitative literature study uses reading and note-taking data collection techniques. The aim is to analyze language errors in the writing of Al-Fattah Islamic Boarding School pamphlets. The data used are in the form of phrases, clauses, and sentences contained in the pamphlet. The source of the data used is a document in the form of a pamphlet which has been disseminated by the Al-Fattah Islamic Boarding School media team on social media. The results of the study indicate that there are language errors at the syntactic level, namely (1) sentence errors which include three sentences that are not parallel, one sentence that is not frugal, one sentence that is influenced by a foreign language, four sentences that are wrong in spelling, and one sentence that is ambiguous/taxacious , (2) There is also an error in the field of phrases which includes one excessive use of elements, and one wrong phrase in writing (typo). Keywords: language errors, syntax, pamphlets, online media
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Mufidah, Nuril. "Developing The Efficiency Of Indonesian Students For Composing The Sentence Based On Psychological Aspects." (الطموحات ) EL-THUMUHAT 1, no. 2 (2018): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/elthumuhat.2018.vol1(2).1915.
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One of difficulty of teaching Arabic language especially in the beginner class is most of students have never studied Arabic before, even some students who can not read or write Arabic letters correctly. In Arabic there are two types of sentences, noun sentence and verbal sentence. The difficulties faced by low-class is to understand and produce verbal sentences because the verb form of Indonesian language is the noun form sentence.
 The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of chain exercises based on psychological aspects that begin with noun sentence; to develop in creating the sentence for Indonesian students.
 This research is experimental in its implementation consists of four steps: (1) planning (2) experiment (3) observations and (4) assessment. The population is the student of intensive class of Arabic in Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. While the instruments used in this study is the observation and examination.
 The results of this study indicate that chain exercises based on psychological aspects can improve students’s skill for creating the sentence. Composing the sentence based on psychological aspects helps students to avoid scared of learning Arabic and monotony.
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Mulia, Zalmetri. "An Analysis of Speech Acts: Request in Daily Conversation." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 07, no. 02 (2024): 888–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10608551.
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In daily conversation, people frequently communicate implicitly as an issue that is covered in illocutionary acts. Illocutionary acts have five types, they are representative/assertive, directive, commissive, expressive and declaration. This research was aimed to analyze the used of request in daily conversation in the sentences form. The request speech acts were analyzed based on the Yule theory and the type of sentences based on Frank theory. The data were taken from the daily conversation between the researcher and the speaker in daily life. The subject of this research was researcher’s friend who doing talk with the researcher. This research employed qualitative research. The result of this research showed that there are three types of sentences, namely; statement sentences, interrogative sentences, and imperative sentences. From the total data 25 sentence, the researcher found that there are 18 sentences of imperative (72%), 5 sentences of interrogative (20%), and 2 sentences of statement (2%). Therefore, the most dominant type of sentence used by the speaker is imperative sentence. Meanwhile, the least type of sentence used by speaker is statement sentence. The speaker often used imperative sentence because of its function to get the hearer to do something. Imperative sentence can be used for directive speech act because the speaker wants the hearer or target to do what the speaker says.
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Harsanta, Andhio, Aulia Febriani, Mujadid Al-Ahmadan, Shilfa Luthfiah, and Nargis Nargis. "Representations of First Language Acquisition in the Speech of Three Years Old." Pubmedia Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris 1, no. 4 (2024): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/jpbi.v1i4.777.
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The study aims to represent how three-year-old children output their language acquisition. As we know, language acquisition is one of the factors in a child's development. Language acquisition which is a process in humans in obtaining the ability to understand a language that becomes the foundation in the form of sentences to communicate. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with the stages of data collection, data analysis, and data presentation. The sources and data in this study are transcriptions of recordings of verbal speech of a 3-year-old child named Hanah Shaqueena. The data has been found in this study, there are 4 types of sentences in terms of syntactic form produced by a 3-year-oldchild named Hannah Shaqueena, namely Declarative Sentence Representation, Interrogative Sentence Representation, Imperative Sentence Representation, and Exclamatory Sentence Representation.
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Polii, Intama Jemy. "System of Question Sentence in Tontemboan Language." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 4, no. 1 (2021): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v4i1.13382.
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This study aims to describe the question system sentence of Tontemboan language based on its form, propositional function, and the meaning it refers to. This study used a qualitative method with a descriptive design. Based on the results of the research, the form of question sentences in the Tontemboan language can be classified into three types, namely (1) interrogative sentences marked by the use of interrogative words: sapa, sei, kawisya, ambisya, pira, kitu, and kensya, (2) question sentences marked by the use of interrogative intonation, and (3) interrogative sentences marked by the use of question particles re'en and wei. Based on the proposition, Indonesian language question sentences are categorized into: (1) WH-question questions, (2) yes-no questions, and (3) questions commonly called alternatives. The function of the Tontemboan language question sentence, according to the meaning, referred to varied dependence on the form of the question used, question word, intonation, and question particle.
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Rana, Febriansi Novari, Dahlia D. Moelier, and Andi Tenri Abeng. "Interrogative Sentences Between East Manggarai Language And English." Humaniora: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Education 1, no. 2 (2021): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.56326/jlle.v1i2.1352.
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This research aims to describe the structure of interrogative sentences between East Manggarai Language And English also to find the contrast of interrogative sentences between East Manggarai Language And English.This research is a descriptive qualitative research with the sample of native speakers of East Manggarai language in Satar Punda Village, East Manggarai language, NTT. The method used is contrastive method purposed by Tarigan and using sentence function theory from Hariyono & Rahman for analyzed the Interrogative sentence in the form of Yes/No question. Then used the theory purposed by Azar to find the sentence function and the sentence pattern in the form of Wh-Question and also Question Tag.The results of this research indicated that there was a dominant difference in language use between East Manggarai and English, namely in terms of sentence structure where the placement of the interrogative words used has a very significant difference. One of the data found in the interrogative sentence in East Manggarai language is a Yes/No Question sentence, which generally has a predicate and also subject at the beginning of the sentence and ends with the Question word (koh, teh, teh gah, neh, etc). Meanwhile, in English the interrogative sentences structure is generally preceded by a Question word (Am, Is, Are, and Do, Does, Did, etc). In addition, the verb in the East Manggarai language also can not undergo changes and get modification because they were not influenced by adverbs. While, the verb in English can undergo changes depending on the word convention and also the context in the sentence.
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Thang, Thu Trang. "Using Educational Games in Teaching Sentences and Sentence Components Vietnamese Language for Grade 4." ISRG Journal of Education, Humanities and Literature (ISRGJEHL) I, no. V (2024): 119–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13990412.
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<strong>Abstract</strong> <em>The curriculum for teaching sentences and sentence components in Grade 4 aims to form and develop students' habits of using words correctly, speaking and writing in sentences, being aware of using cultural Vietnamese in communication, developing logical thinking, and fostering positive emotions in students. Teaching this content in Grade 4 will be more effective and engaging if educational games are used appropriately and scientifically. This article will focus on studying the use of several educational games in teaching sentences and sentence components in the Grade 4 Vietnamese language program.</em> <strong>Keywords:</strong><em> sentences and sentence components, educational games, Grade 4 Vietnamese.</em>
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Sulastri, Sulastri, and Rizkariani Sulaiman. "A Contrastive Analysis Study Between English and Macassarese in Request Sentence." ELT Worldwide: Journal of English Language Teaching 7, no. 2 (2020): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/eltww.v7i2.15337.
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This study examines the English and Makassar language request phrases. The imperative phrase of both languages from its form, purpose, and category in a sentence was studied in this analysis. The research used descriptive approach and contrastive analysis in terms of methods, the entire data were gathered by observing and interviewing the native speakers of Lakiung dialects who still speak in their everyday communication. In the analysis, the writer outlined and compared the differences and similarities in request sentences, classified and explained request sentences into subject, predicate, object and adverb. The results revealed that the request sentences in English and Macassarese have some similarities and differences were found in form of sentences and the function of adverb. The differences between English and Macassarese request sentence pattern, particularly on the element of predicate (P) in a sentence. While the similarity was S – P – O – K and S – P construction.
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Rizqi Yusnitasari and I Dewa Putu Wijana. "EXCLAMATION PADA JUDUL VIDEO YOUTUBE BERTEMA DAKWAH: STUDI KASUS KANAL YOUTUBE MUFTI MENK." SPHOTA: Jurnal Linguistik dan Sastra 15, no. 2 (2023): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36733/sphota.v15i2.6873.
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This research is a case study about the use of exclamation in a da’wah themed YouTube video title. The data source is a YouTube channel named Mufti Menk. The video titles that contain exclamation were collected. The exclamations were then analyzed based on the form and the use of syntactic instruments. The result of the study shows that the exclamations were found in two forms, i.e. minor sentence (in a form of phrases), and major sentence (in a form of simple sentences, compound sentences, and complex sentences), with some interjections as the supporting components. In addition, some syntactic instruments with different functions were also implemented in the sentences by using direct speech, active and passive sentences, foregrounding, topicalization, repetition, and syntactic compaction through deletion of subject, copula, main clause, ‘it is’, and ‘there is’.
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Zhu, Yutao, Kun Zhou, Jian-Yun Nie, Shengchao Liu, and Zhicheng Dou. "Neural Sentence Ordering Based on Constraint Graphs." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 16 (2021): 14656–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i16.17722.
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Sentence ordering aims at arranging a list of sentences in the correct order. Based on the observation that sentence order at different distances may rely on different types of information, we devise a new approach based on multi-granular orders between sentences. These orders form multiple constraint graphs, which are then encoded by Graph Isomorphism Networks and fused into sentence representations. Finally, sentence order is determined using the order-enhanced sentence representations. Our experiments on five benchmark datasets show that our method outperforms all existing baselines significantly, achieving a new state-of-the-art performance. The results demonstrate the advantage of considering multiple types of order information and using graph neural networks to integrate sentence content and order information for the task. Our code is available at https://github.com/DaoD/ConstraintGraph4NSO.
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Sundari, Siti, Annisa Nur Aurin, and Made Adi Andayani T. "The Sentence Fallacies in the Narrative Writing: A Descriptive Study of Gender Differences at Senior High School." EFL Education Journal 8, no. 1 (2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/eej.v8i1.30860.
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Writing is one of the important skills that should be mastered by the students. Unfortunately, most of the students still have problems in writing especially in writing good sentences. Problems occur when the sentence form is incorrect. This research was intended to describe the tenth grade students’ sentence fallacies in their narrative writingsand explore the gender differences in their writing products based on the sentence fallacies. The sentence fallacies focused on sentence fragments, comma splices, and run-on sentences. There were 14 male students’ writings and 14 female students’ writings investigated in this research. A descriptive analysis was used to describe the students’ sentence fallacies and the percentage of male and female students’ sentence fallacies. Based on the result of the data analysis, it was found that both male and female students made the three kinds of sentence fallacies in their narrative writings. However, the male students made less sentence fallacies in almost all kinds of sentence fallacies, except in comma splice. The male students made more comma splices compared to the female students.
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Stefany, Puronami Sarah, Made Sri Satyawati, and Anak Agung Putu Putra. "Konstruksi Kalimat pada Dialog Film Hafalan Shalat Delisa Karya Tere Liye." Stilistika : Journal of Indonesian Language and Literature 1, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/stil.2021.v01.i01.p01.
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This research is entitled “Konstruksi Kalimat Pada Dialog Film Hafalan Shalat Delisa Karya Tere Liye”. This study aims to describe (a) the structure of the sentence and (b) what types of sentences are used in the dialogue. The data collection methods and techniques used are the note-taking method, data analysis methods and techniques using the agih method with basic techniques for direct elements, while the methods and techniques for presenting the results of data analysis are formal methods with descriptive techniques. The results of this study include the structure of sentences in the dialogue of the film Hafalan Shalat Delisa which is divided into two groups, namely the structure of single sentences and compound sentences. The single sentence structure consists of eight sentence patterns, namely (1) SP, (2) SPO, (3) SPK, (4) SP-Pel, (5) SPOK, (6) SPO-Pel, (7) PK, and (8) PO. In compound sentences there are five sentence patterns, namely (1) SP+SP, (2) SP+PO, (3) SP+PK, (4) Konj+SPO+KSP and (5) SPPel+SPO. The types of sentences in the film dialogue Hafalan Shalat Delisa are divided into three types, namely (a) types of sentences based on the number of clauses, namely single sentences, equivalent compound sentences, multilevel compound sentences and mixed compound sentences, (b) types of sentences based on syntactic classification in the form of declarative sentences, imperative sentences, interrogative sentences, and exclamatory sentences, and (c) types of sentences based on the completeness of their elements in the form of major sentences and minor sentences.
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Nurwansah, Illam, Yayat Sudaryat, and Ruhaliah Ruhaliah. "KALIMAT BAHASA SUNDA DALAM TEKS PROSA SUNDA KUNO ABAD KE-16 (Analisis Struktur dan Semantis)." LOKABASA 8, no. 2 (2018): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jlb.v8i2.14199.
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Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis struktur kalimat dengan menggunakan pendekatan tagmémik. Sumber data diambil dari transliterasi teks Carita Parahiyangan yang memakai berbahasa Sunda kuno. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena belum ada analisis mengenai struktur kalimat bahasa Sunda kuno secara mendalam, sebagai informasi linguistik bahasa Sunda temporal. Metode yang dipakai yaitu analisis deskriptif. Bentuk kalimat yang terdapat dalam bahasa Sunda kuno berupa kalimat lengkap dan kalimat ringkasan. Kalimat tunggal sederhana yang ditemukan memiliki tiga pola yaitu (1) S-P, (2) S-P-O, (3) S-P-Pel, sedangkan kalimat tunggal perluasan terdapat empat pola yaitu (1) S-P-K, (2) K-S-P-K, (3) S-P-O-K, dan (4) S-P-Pel-K. Kalimat majemuk setara yang ditemukan berupa kalimat asindetis dan sindetis. Kalimat majemuk asindetis tersusun dari dua klausa, tiga klausa dan empat klausa, sedangkan kalimat sindetis tersusun dari dua klausa. Pola kalimat majemuk bertingkat yaitu berupa kalimat majemuk bertingkat subjektif dan adverbial. Hubungan makna unsur kalimat yang ditemukan yaitu berdasarkan peran semantis subjek, predikat, objek, pelengkap dan keterangan. Hubungan makna antarklausa dalam kalimat majemuk setara terdapat dua jenis yaitu (1) kalimat pertentangan, dan (2) kalimat lanjutan. Hubungan makna antarklausa kalimat majemuk bertingkat terdapat enam jenis, yaitu (1) kalimat waktu, (2) kalimat syarat, (3) kalimat penyebab, (4) kalimat akibat, (5) kalimat pernyataan, dan (6) kalimat guna.AbstractThis research has purpose to analyze sentence structure by using tagmémik approach. Sources of data are taken from Carita Parahiyangan transliteration text that uses ancient Sundanese. This research is conducted because there is no analysis about ancient Sundanese sentence structure deeply, as temporal linguistic information of Sundanese. The method used is descriptive analysis. The sentence forms contained in ancient Sundanese consists of complete sentences and summary sentences. Simple sentences found have three patterns i.e. (1) S-P, (2) S-P-O, (3) S-P-C, while single sentences extension have four patterns i.e. (1) S-P-A, (2) A-S-P-A, (3) S-P-O-A, and (4) S-P-C-A. Compound sentences are found in the form of asindetis and syndetic sentences. Asindetis compound sentences are composed of two clauses, three clauses, and four clauses, while the syndetic sentences are composed of two clauses. Multilevel compound sentence pattern that is in the form of compound sentences with subjective and adverbial level. Relation of the sentence meaning found is based on the role of semantic subject, predicate, object, complement and adverb. The meaning relation between clauses in equal compound sentences consist two types i.e. (1) conflicting sentences, and (2) advanced sentences. The meaning relation between clauses in different degree compound sentences consist of six types i.e. (1) temporal sentence, (2) requirement sentence, (3) causal sentence, (4) effect sentence, (5) statement sentence, and (6) order sentence.
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Yook, Cheongmin. "Hearer-Addressed or Not, That’s the Question." Studies in Modern Grammar 116 (December 24, 2022): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.14342/smog.2022.116.95.
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This paper first observes the sharp semantic difference between the -ta ending sentences and the -e/a ending sentences in Korean. Based on the observation that the -ta ending sentences are statement delivered through declaratives while the -e/a ending sentences are directly addressed to the hearer, regardless of their sentence types, this study argues that -e/a is not an imperative sentence ending but a direct address marker, which has not hitherto been recognized in Korean linguistics. This paper clearly shows that any sentence directly addressed to the hearer ends with the -e/a ending, no matter whether it is a declarative, interrogative, or imperative form. It further develops this observation and shows that -e/a is a direct address marker, -la an indirect address marker, and the complex form [-e/a la] a combination of direct and indirect addressing, which induces pragmatic effect of attenuating the directness of -e/a.
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Yibing, Ding, Haji Mohammad Seman, and Yan Mei Suo. "Comparison of Four Types of Interrogative Sentences in Chinese and Arabic Language (A Grammatical Study) Grammar." Al-Dad Journal 7, no. 2 (2023): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/aldad.vol7no2.4.
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An interrogative sentence is a common sentence used in daily life and communication. The main purpose of an interrogative sentence is to ask questions that the inquirer does not yet know and expects to be answered. There are many types of interrogative sentences in Chinese, mainly categorized into four types, namely general interrogative sentences, special interrogative sentences, selective interrogative sentences, and repeated interrogative sentences. While each type of interrogative sentence has its unique grammatical form and way of answering, there exist similarities among them. Question marks should be added at the end of interrogative sentences, and the tone at the end of the sentence should also go high in pitch. The topic of Arabic and Chinese interrogative sentences has been discussed and studied by many linguistic experts and researchers with many rare research results achieved. Based on previous articles on interrogative sentences, as well as the researchers’ in-depth study of Arabic and Chinese interrogative sentences, but there are very few comparative studies on Chinese and Arabic interrogative sentences. Therefore, to analyze and compare interrogative sentences in these two different languages more comprehensively, researchers will summarize, compare and analyze interrogative sentences in Chinese and Arabic. This paper first adopts a descriptive method to collect information and articles about Chinese and Arabic interrogative sentences, thus laying the quantitative foundation for the research content. The information collected in this article is mainly from grammar textbooks and books written by prominent linguists in Chinese and Arabic, journals published by linguists and researchers, and doctoral and master's theses. The paper then studies various types of interrogative sentences in Chinese and Arabic as the focus, with special attention paid to the similarities and differences presented by the two languages. Keywords: Arabic interrogative sentence, Chinese interrogative sentence, interrogative tool, comparative interrogative sentence, question type.
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IMU, FAMOUS OGHOGHOPHIA, CALEB ESEROPHE GODWIN-IVWORIN, and JOSHUA RUESE GODWIN-IVWORIN. "Grammaticality and Acceptability in the Urhobo Language." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 6, no. 10 (2023): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2023.6.10.11.
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This paper examines grammaticality and acceptability in the Ulrhobo language. Grammaticality has to do with well formedness of syntactic structures; grammaticality is usually considered as the structure of sentences and the order in which they are combined together to form sentences. A sentence can conform to the syntactic rule if it is constructed in a grammatical form. The study adopts the truth conditioning theory of meaning as a theoretical framework. The truth conditioning theory of meaning deals with the grammaticality and acceptability of sentence structures. The study reviews that the basic grammar of the Urhobo language conforms to the standard paradigm of a language structure such as Qualifier + Noun + verb + modifier + Adjective, etc and that when these sentences are not properly ordered according to the grammatical rules of the Urhobo language, they are systematically deformed (by inversion, suppression or addition of non-terminal elements in its production rules) to produce a series of grammars generating grammatical, semantically acceptable, semi-grammatical or ungrammatical sentences. It also reviewed that the sentence structures of the Urhobo language conform with the constraints of a sentence structure rule and are, therefore, rule, accepted, while others that don’t are, therefore, rule unaccepted. The study further reveals that a sentence must have a string of words that conform to the rule of syntax, such as subject and predicate, which form the basis of grammaticality or acceptability of the sentence. Finally, the study reveals that grammaticality and acceptability can occur in both written and spoken language. It is also a finding that acceptability is more basic rather than grammaticality since all hearers of the Urhobo language can understand or interpret what the speakers convey in a given structure of the language.
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Mackersie, Carol L., Arthur Boothroyd, and Tammy Prida. "Use of a Simultaneous Sentence Perception Test to Enhance Sensitivity to Ease of Listening." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 43, no. 3 (2000): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4303.675.
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The purpose of the study was to determine if a divided-attention, sentence-recall task was more sensitive to distortion of the speech signal than a conventional focused-attention task. The divided-attention task required listeners to repeat both of two sentences delivered simultaneously to the same ear. The focused-attention task required listeners to repeat a single sentence presented to one ear in quiet or in amplitude-modulated noise (0 dB signal-to-noise ratio). Distortion was introduced by peak clipping. Eighteen listeners with normal hearing were tested under three levels of peak clipping: 0 dB, 11 dB, and 29 dB (re: waveform peak). The effects of clipping were similar, on average, for simultaneous sentences and single sentences in noise. When data were separated by sentence length, however, the effects of clipping were found to be greater for the simultaneoussentence task, but only for the short sentences (6 words or fewer). The simultaneous-sentence test, in its present form, is not more sensitive to the effects of clipping than is a single-sentence test in noise. Modification of the simultaneous-sentence test to include only short sentences, however, may provide greater test sensitivity than more conventional tests using single sentences in noise.
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Wang, Lin, Peter Hagoort, and Ole Jensen. "Language Prediction Is Reflected by Coupling between Frontal Gamma and Posterior Alpha Oscillations." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 30, no. 3 (2018): 432–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01190.
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Readers and listeners actively predict upcoming words during language processing. These predictions might serve to support the unification of incoming words into sentence context and thus rely on interactions between areas in the language network. In the current magnetoencephalography study, participants read sentences that varied in contextual constraints so that the predictability of the sentence-final words was either high or low. Before the sentence-final words, we observed stronger alpha power suppression for the highly compared with low constraining sentences in the left inferior frontal cortex, left posterior temporal region, and visual word form area. Importantly, the temporal and visual word form area alpha power correlated negatively with left frontal gamma power for the highly constraining sentences. We suggest that the correlation between alpha power decrease in temporal language areas and left prefrontal gamma power reflects the initiation of an anticipatory unification process in the language network.
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Mocan, Oana-Diana. "RECIDIVISM – A FORM OF MULTIPLE OFFENSES." AGORA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF JURIDICAL SCIENCES 18, no. 1 (2024): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v18i1.6764.
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The notion of multiple offenses is regulated by the current Criminal Code in Title II concerning the offense, Articles 38-45, and encompasses three forms: the concurrence of offenses, recidivism, and intermediary plurality. Among these forms, recidivism is regulated by Article 41 of the Criminal Code. According to this article, "recidivism occurs when, after a final conviction to a prison sentence of more than one year and until rehabilitation or the expiration of the rehabilitation term, the convict commits a new offense with intent or aggravated intent, for which the law prescribes a prison sentence of one year or more. Additionally, recidivism also occurs when one of the penalties is life imprisonment." (Florin Streteanu, 2010). The issue of recidivism generates interest in the current landscape due to the enormous expenses incurred by the justice system in this regard and the consequences this phenomenon has on society. The public perception of recurring criminal behaviors and prolonged sentences is associated with a reduction in the chances of social reintegration for inmates.
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Octaviani, Manuela, and Henny Putri Saking Wijaya. "Errors on Sentence Structures Made by Students in Writing 2 and Writing 4 Classes." k@ta kita 12, no. 1 (2024): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/katakita.12.1.26-33.
Full textAbstract:
This study analyzed the types of errors on sentence structures by students in Writing 2 and Writing 4 classes in the English Department, Petra Christian University, and their similarities and differences. Eight categories of common errors on sentence structures proposed by Ho (2005) were used to analyze thedrafts. The types of common errors in this study were limited to four: Run-on Sentence, Fragmented Sentence, Inappropriate Subordinate Conjunction, and Misordering. The findings showed that both classes made all types of the errors and the most common error made was run-on sentences in the form of comma splice. Fragmented sentences with missing verb and subject were only found on writing 2 drafts while subordinating clauses in fragmented sentences were found on writing 4 drafts. Moreover, errors in relation to subordinating conjunction were more prominent in Writing 4. In conclusion, difficulties in utilizing conjunctions, and the different complexity of the drafts might affect the errors on sentence structures.
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Кайыров, Асан. "СӨЙЛЕМДІ МОДЕЛЬДЕУДІҢ ТЕОРИЯЛЫҚ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ". Батыс Қазақстан инновациялық-технологиялық университетінің Хабаршысы 30, № 2 (2024): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.62724/202420207.
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The article is dedicated to theoretical issues in sentence modeling. At the same time, it gives an overview of the study of the semantic side of the sentence in Russian and Turkic linguistics, describes the structural-semantic model and semantic components of the sentence. In linguistics the term “structural-semantic model of a simple sentence” is considered in several stages. For the systematic study of the structure and semantics of a simple sentence in the Kazakh language, the model of a simple sentence is considered in two stages. First, the semantic features of the model of simple sentences consisting of the subject and predicate are analyzed. The article presents a model of simple sentences in the Kazakh language, which is divided into minimal and extended structural models and describes their features. Two-component verb sentences referring to the minimum structural model are divided into two-component sentences with full content and incomplete content. Their structural and semantic features are presented with concrete examples in the form of a formula in Latin letters. At the same time, the material on the addition of mandatory components and their significance to the minimum structural model of simple supply is presented. Furthermore, the semantic components of the sentence model are discussed, such as predicate, subject, object, and their roles in determining the content of the sentence.
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Feldman, Richard. "Davidson's Theory of Propositional Attitudes." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 16, no. 4 (1986): 693–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1986.10717143.
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One commonly stated reason for thinking that there are abstract entities such as propositions is that they are needed to account for undeniable facts about propositional attitudes and the sentences reporting such attitudes. According to the propositional theory, belief, doubt, assertion and other attitudes are relations between individuals and propositions. In sentences reporting these relations the words in the content-sentence (e.g., ‘p’ in sentences of the form ‘S said that p’) refer to concepts or other abstract things and the entire ‘that-clause’ refers to a proposition. According to a common rival account, propositional attitudes are complex relations between individuals and sentences and each that-clause refers to the content-sentence it contains. The words in the content-sentence either fail to refer or refer to themselves. A striking implication of both the propositional theory and the sentential theory is that the words and phrases in the content-sentence of a sentence expressing a propositional attitude fail to refer to the familiar things to which they ordinarily refer.
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Ni Putu Meri Dewi Pendit. "AN ANLAYSIS OF ENGLISH PASSIVE SENTENCE TRANSLATION INTO INDONESIAN." Jurnal Santiaji Pendidikan (JSP) 11, no. 3 (2021): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36733/jsp.v11i3.2550.
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Active and passive sentence constructions are commonly used both in English and in Indonesian. The passive sentence is a form of sentence which emphasizes on the person or object that experiences the action rather than the person or object that performs the action. The passive sentence in English is formed by to be + past participle. And the others passive sentences are formed with infinitive and gerund. The Indonesian passive sentences are caractherized by the use of prefix di-, ter-, and ke- -an in the predicate. The objectives of this study are 1) to identify the translation of English passive sentences in Indonesian, and 2) to find the translation shift that occurs from the English passive sentences into Indonesian.This research uses qualitative method. The data is taken from a novel written by Stephenie Meyer (2008) entitled Breaking Dawn and its translation in Indonesian. The result shows that not all of the English passive sentences are translated into Indonesian passive sentences. Some of them are translated into Indonesian active sentences.