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Journal articles on the topic 'Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Nguyen, Trung Hau, Chae Hun Ra, In Yung Sunwoo, Pailin Sukwong, Gwi-Taek Jeong, and Sung-Koo Kim. "Bioethanol Production from Soybean Residue via Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 184, no. 2 (July 29, 2017): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-017-2565-6.

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2

Drissen, R. E. T., R. H. W. Maas, J. Tramper, and H. H. Beeftink. "Modelling ethanol production from cellulose: separate hydrolysis and fermentation versus simultaneous saccharification and fermentation." Biocatalysis and Biotransformation 27, no. 1 (January 2009): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10242420802564358.

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3

Aulia Rachmayanti, R. Marwita Sari Putri, and Aidil Fadli Ilhamdy. "Separate Saccharification and Fermentation for Bioethanol Production from Raw Seaweed Sargassum sp." Marinade 2, no. 01 (April 30, 2019): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/marinade.v2i01.1253.

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The purpose of this study to obtain the best reducing sugars using acid solvent H2SO4 and HCl to be used as a substrate in fermentation processes to produce bioethanol. The research phase includes the preparation of raw materials Sargassum sp., the processing of acid hydrolysis used a solvent H2SO4 and HCl. Hydrolysis then fermented for five days for the production of etanol. Hydrolysis using acid solvent H2SO4 obtained the best acid concentration of 2% with the result of reducing sugars 82,62 g/L, whereas using HCl acid solvent obtained the best acid concentration of 2% with the result of reducing sugars 74,79 g/L. Fermented for 120 hours to produce ethanol each H2SO4 2 ml and 3 ml HCl.

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4

Sa, Ngo Duy. "COMPARISON OF ETHANOL YIELD BETWEEN SEPARATE AND SIMULTANEOUS HYDROLYSIS AND ETHANOL FERMENTATION OF FORMIC- FRACTIONATED SUGARCANE BAGASSE." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 2A (March 19, 2018): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/2a/11934.

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The fractionation of sugarcane bagasse using formic acid allowed removing lignin and hemicellulose, obtaining a material containing up to 90 % cellulose. The material can be easily hydrolyzed into glucose to serve as materials to produce high value added products such as biofuel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, food additives, and the likes. The hydrolysate of fractionated bagasse was easily fermented with a (ethanol) fermentation yield attained 91.08 ± 2.02 %, showing no significant inhibition to the yeast in the hydrolysate. In this study, a process of simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation (SSF) was performed to convert fractionated sugarcane bagasse at 20 % consistency to ethanol. The process with 6h pre-hydrolysis at 50 0C then SSF at 37 0C could attain a high ethanol concentration of 82.46 ± 3.42 g/L in the fermentation with the ethanol recovery yield of 81.66±1.88%; which was15.37 ± 1.06 % higher than that of the separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) process (70.78 ± 0.25 %). In addition, in the SSF, the process time was shorten to 4 days instead of 7 days in the SHF.

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5

Lin, Long, Ehssan Hosseini Koupaie, Armineh Azizi, Amir Abbas Bazyar Lakeh, Bipro R. Dhar, Hisham Hafez, and Elsayed Elbeshbishy. "Comparison of Two Process Schemes Combining Hydrothermal Treatment and Acidogenic Fermentation of Source-Separated Organics." Molecules 24, no. 8 (April 13, 2019): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081466.

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This study compares the effects of pre- and post-hydrothermal treatment of source- separated organics (SSO) on solubilization of particulate organics and acidogenic fermentation for volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production. The overall COD solubilization and solids removal efficiencies from both schemes were comparable. However, the pre-hydrolysis of SSO followed by acidogenic fermentation resulted in a relatively higher VFA yield of 433 mg/g VSS, which was 18% higher than that of a process scheme with a post-hydrolysis of dewatered solids from the fermentation process. Regarding the composition of VFA, the dominance of acetate and butyrate was comparable in both process schemes, while propionate concentration considerably increased in the process with pre-hydrolysis of SSO. The microbial community results showed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased substantially in the fermentation of pretreated SSO, indicating that there might be different metabolic pathways for production of VFAs in fermentation process operated with pre-treated SSO. The possible reason might be that the abundance of soluble organic matters due to pre-hydrolysis might stimulate the growth of more kinetically efficient fermentative bacteria as indicated by the increase in Firmicutes percentage.

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6

Tavva, S. S. Mohan Dev, Amol Deshpande, Sanjeeva Rao Durbha, V. Arjuna Rao Palakollu, A. Uttam Goparaju, V. Rao Yechuri, V. Rao Bandaru, and V. Subba Rao Muktinutalapati. "Bioethanol production through separate hydrolysis and fermentation of Parthenium hysterophorus biomass." Renewable Energy 86 (February 2016): 1317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.09.074.

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7

Annamalai, Neelamegam, Huda Al Battashi, S. Nair Anu, Ahlam Al Azkawi, Saif Al Bahry, and Nallusamy Sivakumar. "Enhanced Bioethanol Production from Waste Paper Through Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation." Waste and Biomass Valorization 11, no. 1 (July 21, 2018): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0400-0.

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8

Tu, Maobing, Xiao Zhang, Mike Paice, Paul McFarlane, and Jack N. Saddler. "Effect of surfactants on separate hydrolysis fermentation and simultaneous saccharification fermentation of pretreated lodgepole pine." Biotechnology Progress 25, no. 4 (July 2009): 1122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.198.

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9

Kim, Min-Ji, and Sung-Koo Kim. "Ethanol Production by Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Using Saccharina japonica." KSBB Journal 27, no. 2 (April 30, 2012): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7841/ksbbj.2012.27.2.086.

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10

LAI, LISA X., and RENATA BURA. "The sulfite mill as a sugar-flexible future biorefinery." August 2012 11, no. 8 (September 1, 2012): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj11.8.27.

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The production of single- and mixed-sugar streams and their conversion to bioproducts were studied, using sulfite pulping streams as feedstocks. Sulfite pulp, sludge, and spent sulfite liquor are concurrently generated alongside of bleached pulp, and the pulping process renders pretreatment of solid streams unnecessary. Streams were converted separately; however, due to their low production volume, solid and liquid streams were also combined as a means to increase the quantity of starting feedstock. Spent sulfite liquor, comprising mostly monomeric hexose and pentose sugars, was directly fermented to ethanol and xylitol with Candida guilliermondii. Single-sugar streams were generated through hydrolysis of pulp and sludge in water, followed by fermentation to ethanol with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mixed-sugar streams were generated through both separate hydrolysis and fermentation and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of pulp and sludge in spent sulfite liquor using S. cerevisiae. The best single-sugar source was obtained by hydrolysis of pulp in water, which produced 78.8 g/L of glucose after 96 h. The glucose concentration from hydrolysis of sludge in water was lower (33.5 g/L). Both of these streams were easily converted to ethanol, with yields of 77.8% and 76.2%, respectively. Hydrolyzability of solids was the limiting factor in separate hydrolysis and fermentation conversion of pulp and sludge in water, but hydrolyzability of sludge was not affected when mixed with spent sulfite liquor.

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11

Öhgren, Karin, Renata Bura, Gary Lesnicki, Jack Saddler, and Guido Zacchi. "A comparison between simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and separate hydrolysis and fermentation using steam-pretreated corn stover." Process Biochemistry 42, no. 5 (May 2007): 834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2007.02.003.

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12

Arif, A. R., H. Natsir, H. Rohani, and A. Karim. "Effect of pH fermentation on production bioethanol from jackfruit seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus) through separate fermentation hydrolysis method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 979 (March 2018): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/979/1/012015.

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13

Viéitez, E. R., J. Mosquera, and S. Ghosh. "Kinetics of accelerated solid-state fermentation of organic-rich municipal solid waste." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 3 (February 1, 2000): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0076.

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Biotransformation of landfill solid wastes is a slow process requiring decades for completion. Accelerated anaerobic fermentation in modulated landfill environments may alleviate or eliminate pollution of land, water and air. This research was undertaken to demonstrate the application of biphasic fermentation to a simulated laboratory-scale landfill to effect rapid biomethanation of biodegradable solids. The biphasic process consisted of solid-state, acidogenic fermentation of the organic fraction of MSW followed by biomethanation of acidic hydrolysates in a separate methane fermenter. Solid-state fermentation of the MSW with effluent recirculation resulted in rapid hydrolysis, acidification and denitrification, with soluble COD and VFA concentrations accumulating to inhibitory levels of 60,000 mg/l and 13,000 mg/l, respectively, at a pH of 4.5. The landfill gas methane concentration reached a maximum of 55 mol.%. By comparison, the methanogenic reactor produced high methane-content (70–85 mol.%) gases. The biphasic process effected carbohydrate, lipid, and protein conversion efficiencies of 90%, 49%, and 37%, respectively. Development of a Monod-type product-formation model was undertaken to predict methane formation and to determine kinetic parameters for the methanogenic processes in the simulated landfill and separate methane reactors. A first-order solids hydrolysis rate constant of 0.017 day−1 was evaluated to show that landfill solids hydrolysis was slower than the inhibited methanogenesis rate.

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14

Mejia-Barajas, Jorge A., Melchor Arellano Plaza, Belem Vargas Ochoa, Rafael Salgado Garciglia, Jesús Campos García, and Alfredo Saavedra Molina. "Organic Compounds Generated in Bioethanol Production from Agave Bagasse." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 7, no. 1 (May 3, 2018): 999–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v7i1.7338.

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In bioethanol production through lignocellulosic residues fermentations are generated by-products such as organic compounds (OCs). The organic compounds (OCs) had been well studied in wine and beer industry, but little is known about their presence in bioethanol industry, even when these affect yeasts physiologic state, and are considered as economically desirable in the chemical industry. In this work was evaluated the production of OCs in bioethanol production processes through separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of different agave bagasse residue (ABR). Fermentations were carried out by the Kluyveromyces marxianusSLP1, K. marxianus OFF1 and Saccharomyces cerevisiaeEthanol Red yeasts strains. The main OCs detected were ethyl acetate, methanol, 1-propanol, isobutanol, butanol, isoamyl-alcohol, ethyl-lactate, furfuryl-alcohol, phenyl-acetate, and 2-phenyl ethanol. A higher number of OCs was found in the SSF process when were used the K. marxianusOFF1 and SLP1 yeasts. This study provides better knowledge of the kind and concentrations of OCs produced by fermentation of the lignocellulosic ABR, which allow propose bioethanol by-products as potential source of economically desirable compounds.

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15

Sharma*, Nisha, and Nivedita Sharma. "Bioethanol production from alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreated Populus deltoides wood using hydrolytic enzymes of Bacillus stratosphericus N12(M) and Bacillus altitudinis Kd1(M) under different modes of separate hydrolysis and fermentation by monoculture and co-culture combinations of ethanologens." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 02 (January 31, 2016): 4810. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.02.008.

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An integrated approach was studied for in-house cellulase and xylanase production, from novel hyper hydrolytic enzyme producers and enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated Populus deltoides wood into bioethanol. A xylanase producer Bacillus altitudinis Kd1 (M) and cellulase producerBacillus stratosphericus N12 (M) was isolated from soil. Optimization of process parameters led to an optimal xylanase activity of 96.25 IU at 300C and pH 5.5 and cellulase activity of 5.98 IU at 300C and pH 8.0. The NaOH+H2O2 pretreated biomass was hydrolysed using cellulase and xylanase producing 12.45 mg/g of reducing sugars. Further fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysate was performed using different yeasts viz. Saccharomyces cerevisiae I, Saccharomyces cerevisiae II, Pichia stipitis, Candida shehatae and Zymomonas mobilis and maximum 11.10 g/l ethanol yield achieved with co-culture of S. cerevisiae II + P. stipitis with fermentation efficiency of 43.52% under method IV of SHF. The results have significant implications and further applications regarding production of fuel ethanol from agricultural lignocellulosic waste.

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16

Burhan, Khairul Hadi, Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati, and Tjandra Setiadi. "Evaluation of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Xylitol Production." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 14, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.3.3754.559-567.

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The biological process route of xylitol production from lignocellulosic materials, via enzymatic hydrolysis which is followed by fermentation, offers a more sustainable or greener process than the chemical process route. Both the enzymatic hydrolysis and the fermentation processes are conducted at moderate process condition and thus require less energy and chemicals. However, the process proceeds slower than the chemical one. In order to improve process performance, the enzymatic hydrolysis and the fermentation processes can be integrated as Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) configuration. This paper discusses the evaluation of SSF configuration on xylitol production from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB). To integrate two processes which have different optimum temperature, the performance of each process at various temperature was first evaluated. Later, SSF was evaluated at various hydrolysis and fermentation time at each optimum temperature. SSF showed better process performance than the separated hydrolysis and fermentation processes. The best result was obtained from configuration with 72 hours of prior hydrolysis followed by simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation, giving yield of 0.08 g-xylitol/g-OPEFB. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

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17

CHRISNASARI, RUTH, DAMIATI HARTINI SUSETYO, ADRIAN PRATAMA SUGIANTO, and TJANDRA PANTJAJANI. "Optimization Modeling of Ethanol Production from Shorgum bicolor Grain: Comparison between Separate Hydrolysis Fermentation and Simultaneous Saccharification Fermentation." Microbiology Indonesia 7, no. 1 (March 2013): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5454/mi.7.1.2.

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18

Valles, Alejo, F. Javier Álvarez-Hornos, Vicente Martínez-Soria, Paula Marzal, and Carmen Gabaldón. "Comparison of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and separate hydrolysis and fermentation processes for butanol production from rice straw." Fuel 282 (December 2020): 118831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118831.

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19

Mithra, Madhanamohanan G., and Gouri Padmaja. "Improvement in Ethanol Yield from Lignocellulo-Starch Biomass using Saccharomyces cerevisiae alone or its Co-culture with Scheffersomyces stipitis." Current Biotechnology 9, no. 1 (July 13, 2020): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211550109666200311111119.

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Background: Literature on ethanol production from Lignocellulo-Starch Biomass (LCSB) containing starch besides cellulose and hemicellulose, is scanty. Fed-Batch Separate Hydrolysis And Fermentation (F-SHF) was earlier found more beneficial than Fed-Batch Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (F-SSF). Objective: The study aimed at modification of the saccharification and fermentation strategies by including a prehydrolysis step prior to the SSF and compared the ethanol yields with co-culture fermentation using hexose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae and pentose-fermenting Scheffersomyces stipitis. Methods: Fed-batch hybrid-SSF and Fed-Batch Separate Hydrolysis and Co-culture Fermentation (F-SHCF) in improving ethanol yield from Steam (ST) or Dilute Sulfuric Acid (DSA) pretreated LCSBs (peels of root and vegetable crops) were studied. Results: There was a progressive build-up of ethanol during F-HSSF up to 72h and further production up to 120h was negligible, with no difference among pretreatments. Despite very high ethanol production in the initial 24h of fermentation by S.cerevisiae under F-SHCF, the further increase was negligible. A rapid hike in ethanol production was observed when S. stipitis was also supplemented because of xylose conversion to ethanol. Conclusion: While ST gave higher ethanol (296-323 ml/kg) than DSA under F-HSSF, the latter was advantageous under F-SHCF for certain residues. Prehydrolysis (24h; 50°C) enhanced initial sugar levels favouring fast fermentation and subsequent saccharification and fermentation occurred concurrently at 37°C for 120h, thus leading to energy saving and hence F-HSSF was advantageous. Owing to the low hemicellulose content in LCSBs, the relative advantage of co-culture fermentation over monoculture fermentation was not significant.

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20

Guerfali, Mohamed, Adel Saidi, Ali Gargouri, and Hafedh Belghith. "Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Waste Paper for Ethanol Production Using Separate Saccharification and Fermentation." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 175, no. 1 (September 20, 2014): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1243-1.

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21

Jutakridsada, Pasakorn, Khwantri Saengprachatanarug, Pornnapa Kasemsiri, Salim Hiziroglu, Khanita Kamwilaisak, and Prinya Chindaprasirt. "Bioconversion of Saccharum officinarum Leaves for Ethanol Production Using Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation Processes." Waste and Biomass Valorization 10, no. 4 (October 9, 2017): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-0104-x.

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22

Qi, Gaoxiang, Dongmei Huang, Jianhui Wang, Yu Shen, and Xu Gao. "Enhanced butanol production from ammonium sulfite pretreated wheat straw by separate hydrolysis and fermentation and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 36 (December 2019): 100549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2019.100549.

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23

Saha, BadalC, NancyN Nichols, and MichaelA Cotta. "Comparison of Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation versus Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Pretreated Wheat Straw to Ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2013.1366.

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24

Siti Aisyah, Mohd Saman, Pacharakamol Petchpradab, Yoshimitsu Uemura, Suzana Yusup, Machi Kanna, and Yoshimitsu Matsumura. "Ethanol Production from Hydrothermal Pretreated Empty Fruit Bunches." Advanced Materials Research 917 (June 2014): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.917.80.

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Separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) is the common process in producing ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. Nowadays, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process has been seen as potential process for producing ethanol with shortens process time with higher yield of ethanol. Hence, in the current work, the utilization of empty fruit bunches (EFB) in SSF process was studied. In order to improve saccharification reactivity of EFB, hydrothermal pretreatment at 180 and 220 °C was used to pretreat EFB. The findings showed that SSF has the potential in producing ethanol from EFB.

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25

Nguyen, Trung Hau, Chae Hun Ra, Mi-Ra Park, Gwi-Taek Jeong, and Sung-Koo Kim. "Bioethanol Production from Seaweed Undaria pinnatifida Using Various Yeasts by Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF)." Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters 44, no. 4 (December 28, 2016): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/mbl.1610.10007.

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26

Peng, Lincai, and Yuancai Chen. "Conversion of paper sludge to ethanol by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Biomass and Bioenergy 35, no. 4 (April 2011): 1600–1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.01.059.

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27

Amândio, Mariana S. T., Jorge M. S. Rocha, Luísa S. Serafim, and Ana M. R. B. Xavier. "Cellulosic Bioethanol from Industrial Eucalyptus globulus Bark Residues Using Kraft Pulping as a Pretreatment." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082185.

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The pulp and paper industry faces an emerging challenge for valorising wastes and side-streams generated according to the biorefinery concept. Eucalyptus globulus bark, an abundant industrial residue in the Portuguese pulp and paper sector, has a high potential to be converted into biobased products instead of being burned. This work aimed to evaluate the ethanol production from E. globulus bark previously submitted to kraft pulping through separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) configuration. Fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis provided a concentrated hydrolysate with 161.6 g·L−1 of cellulosic sugars. S. cerevisiae and Ethanol Red® strains demonstrated a very good fermentation performance, despite a negligible xylose consumption. S. passalidarum, a yeast known for its capability to consume pentoses, was studied in a simultaneous co-culture with Ethanol Red®. However, bioethanol production was not improved. The best fermentation performance was achieved by Ethanol Red®, which provided a maximum ethanol concentration near 50 g·L−1 and fermentation efficiency of 80%. Concluding, kraft pulp from E. globulus bark showed a high potential to be converted into cellulosic bioethanol, being susceptible to implementing an integrated biorefinery on the pulp and paper industrial plants.

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28

Ntaikou, Ioanna, Georgia Antonopoulou, and Gerasimos Lyberatos. "Sustainable Second-Generation Bioethanol Production from Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Domestic Food Waste Using Pichia anomala as Biocatalyst." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010259.

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In the current study, a domestic food waste containing more than 50% of carbohydrates was assessed as feedstock to produce second-generation bioethanol. Aiming to the maximum exploitation of the carbohydrate fraction of the waste, its hydrolysis via cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymatic blends was investigated and the saccharification efficiency was assessed in each case. Fermentation experiments were performed using the non-conventional yeast Pichia anomala (Wickerhamomyces anomalus) under both separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) modes to evaluate the conversion efficiencies and ethanol yields for different enzymatic loadings. It was shown that the fermentation efficiency of the yeast was not affected by the fermentation mode and was high for all handlings, reaching 83%, whereas the enzymatic blend containing the highest amount of both cellulolytic and amylolytic enzymes led to almost complete liquefaction of the waste, resulting also in ethanol yields reaching 141.06 ± 6.81 g ethanol/kg waste (0.40 ± 0.03 g ethanol/g consumed carbohydrates). In the sequel, a scale-up fermentation experiment was performed with the highest loading of enzymes in SHF mode, from which the maximum specific growth rate, μmax, and the biomass yield, Yx/s, of the yeast from the hydrolyzed waste were estimated. The ethanol yields that were achieved were similar to those of the respective small scale experiments reaching 138.67 ± 5.69 g ethanol/kg waste (0.40 ± 0.01 g ethanol/g consumed carbohydrates).

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29

Legodi, Lesetja Moraba, Daniel Coenrad LaGrange, Elbert Lukas Jansen van Rensburg, and Ignatious Ncube. "Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Banana Pseudostem Hydrolysate to Produce Bioethanol." International Journal of Microbiology 2021 (July 13, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5543104.

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Banana pseudostem (BPS) is an agricultural waste with a high holocellulose content, which, upon hydrolysis, releases fermentable sugars that can be used for bioethanol production. Different pretreatment methods, namely, 3% (w/v) NaOH, 5% (v/v) H2SO4, and liquid hot water, applied on the BPS resulted in the availability of 52%, 48%, and 25% cellulose after treatment, respectively. Saccharification of the pretreated BPS with 10 FPU/g dry solids (29.3 mg protein/g d.s) crude enzyme from Trichoderma harzianum LMLBP07 13-5 at 50°C and a substrate loading of 10 to 15% released 3.8 to 21.8 g/L and from T. longibrachiatum LMLSAUL 14-1 released 5.4 to 43.5 g/L glucose to the biomass. Ethanol was produced through separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) of alkaline pretreated BPS hydrolysate using Saccharomyces cerevisiae UL01 at 30°C and 100 rpm. Highest ethanol produced was 17.6 g/L. Banana pseudostem was shown as a potentially cheap substrate for bioethanol production.

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Kongkeitkajorn, Mallika Boonmee, Chanpim Sae-Kuay, and Alissara Reungsang. "Evaluation of Napier Grass for Bioethanol Production through a Fermentation Process." Processes 8, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8050567.

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Ethanol is one of the widely used liquid biofuels in the world. The move from sugar-based production into the second-generation, lignocellulosic-based production has been of interest due to an abundance of these non-edible raw materials. This study interested in the use of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), a common fodder in tropical regions and is considered an energy crop, for ethanol production. In this study, we aim to evaluate the ethanol production potential from the grass and to suggest a production process based on the results obtained from the study. Pretreatments of the grass by alkali, dilute acid, and their combination prepared the grass for further hydrolysis by commercial cellulase (Cellic® CTec2). Separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) techniques were investigated in ethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Scheffersomyces shehatae, a xylose-fermenting yeast. Pretreating 15% w/v Napier grass with 1.99 M NaOH at 95.7 °C for 116 min was the best condition to prepare the grass for further enzymatic hydrolysis using the enzyme dosage of 40 Filter Paper Unit (FPU)/g for 117 h. Fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysate by S. cerevisiae via SHF resulted in the best ethanol production of 187.4 g/kg of Napier grass at 44.7 g/L ethanol concentration. The results indicated that Napier grass is a promising lignocellulosic raw material that could serve a fermentation with high ethanol concentration.

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31

Cho, YuKyeong, Min-Ji Kim, and Sung-Koo Kim. "Ethanol Production from Seaweed, Enteromorpha intestinalis, by Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae." KSBB Journal 28, no. 6 (December 30, 2013): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7841/ksbbj.2013.28.6.366.

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32

Nguyen, Thanh Yen, Charles M. Cai, Rajeev Kumar, and Charles E. Wyman. "Overcoming factors limiting high-solids fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 44 (October 16, 2017): 11673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704652114.

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Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of solid biomass can reduce the complexity and improve the economics of lignocellulosic ethanol production by consolidating process steps and reducing end-product inhibition of enzymes compared with separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). However, a long-standing limitation of SSF has been too low ethanol yields at the high-solids loading of biomass needed during fermentation to realize sufficiently high ethanol titers favorable for more economical ethanol recovery. Here, we illustrate how competing factors that limit ethanol yields during high-solids fermentations are overcome by integrating newly developed cosolvent-enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation (CELF) pretreatment with SSF. First, fed-batch glucose fermentations by Saccharomyces cerevisiae D5A revealed that this strain, which has been favored for SSF, can produce ethanol at titers of up to 86 g⋅L−1. Then, optimizing SSF of CELF-pretreated corn stover achieved unprecedented ethanol titers of 79.2, 81.3, and 85.6 g⋅L−1 in batch shake flask, corresponding to ethanol yields of 90.5%, 86.1%, and 80.8% at solids loadings of 20.0 wt %, 21.5 wt %, and 23.0 wt %, respectively. Ethanol yields remained at over 90% despite reducing enzyme loading to only 10 mg protein⋅g glucan−1 [∼6.5 filter paper units (FPU)], revealing that the enduring factors limiting further ethanol production were reduced cell viability and glucose uptake by D5A and not loss of enzyme activity or mixing issues, thereby demonstrating an SSF-based process that was limited by a strain’s metabolic capabilities and tolerance to ethanol.

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Sindhu, Raveendran, Mathiyazhakan Kuttiraja, Parameswaran Binod, Rajeev K. Sukumaran, and Ashok Pandey. "Bioethanol production from dilute acid pretreated Indian bamboo variety (Dendrocalamus sp.) by separate hydrolysis and fermentation." Industrial Crops and Products 52 (January 2014): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.10.021.

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Abedinifar, Sorahi, Keikhosro Karimi, Morteza Khanahmadi, and Mohammad J. Taherzadeh. "Ethanol production by Mucor indicus and Rhizopus oryzae from rice straw by separate hydrolysis and fermentation." Biomass and Bioenergy 33, no. 5 (May 2009): 828–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.01.003.

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Choo, B. C., K. S. K. Ismail, and A. H. Ma’Radzi. "Scaling-up and techno-economics of ethanol production from cassava starch via separate hydrolysis and fermentation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 765, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/765/1/012004.

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Antonopoulou, Georgia. "Designing Efficient Processes for Sustainable Bioethanol and Bio-Hydrogen Production from Grass Lawn Waste." Molecules 25, no. 12 (June 23, 2020): 2889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122889.

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The effect of thermal, acid and alkali pretreatment methods on biological hydrogen (BHP) and bioethanol production (BP) from grass lawn (GL) waste was investigated, under different process schemes. BHP from the whole pretreatment slurry of GL was performed through mixed microbial cultures in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) mode, while BP was carried out through the C5yeast Pichia stipitis, in SSF mode. From these experiments, the best pretreatment conditions were determined and the efficiencies for each process were assessed and compared, when using either the whole pretreatment slurry or the separated fractions (solid and liquid), the separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) or SSF mode, and especially for BP, the use of other yeasts such as Pachysolen tannophilus or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The experimental results showed that pretreatment with 10 gH2SO4/100 g total solids (TS) was the optimum for both BHP and BP. Separation of solid and liquid pretreated fractions led to the highest BHP (270.1 mL H2/g TS, corresponding to 3.4 MJ/kg TS) and also BP (108.8 mg ethanol/g TS, corresponding to 2.9 MJ/kg TS) yields. The latter was achieved by using P. stipitis for the fermentation of the hydrolysate and S. serevisiae for the solid fraction fermentation, at SSF.

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Sujan, SMA, MS Jamal, MA Asad, and ANM Fakhruddin. "Bio-ethanol production from Jatropha curcus." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 54, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v54i1.40729.

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Separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) were employed to produce bio-ethanol from the jatropha stem and husk. This study investigates the favorable condition required to improve yield of monomeric sugars. Substrate was pretreated physically at first through cutter mill and subsequently by ball milling. Acremonium cellulase and optimash BG hydrolyzed the pretreated sample into fermentable sugars. In condition of 10% substrate concentration, ball milling for 60 min and 4 FPU/g enzyme loading and optimum sugar yield were observed. By comparison, jatropha stem is more favorable feedstock compared to jatropha husk in terms of both inherent sugar composition and sugar yield in enzymatic saccharification (hydrolysis). Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, capable of converting hexose sugars into ethanol,was utilized in fermentation step. It was possible to extract 0.14 L and 0.20 L of ethanol per kg of dry substrate-based jatropha husk and jatropha stem, respectively. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(1), 39-46, 2019

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Lu, Jie, XueZhi Li, Jian Zhao, and Yinbo Qu. "Enzymatic Saccharification and Ethanol Fermentation of Reed Pretreated with Liquid Hot Water." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/276278.

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Reed is a widespread-growing, inexpensive, and readily available lignocellulosic material source in northeast China. The objective of this study is to evaluate the liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment efficiency of reed based on the enzymatic digestibility and ethanol fermentability of water-insoluble solids (WISs) from reed after the LHW pretreatment. Several variables in the LHW pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis process were optimized. The conversion of glucan to glucose and glucose concentrations are considered as response variables in different conditions. The optimum conditions for the LHW pretreatment of reed area temperature of 180°C for 20min and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 : 10. These optimum conditions for the LHW pretreatment of reed resulted in a cellulose conversion rate of 82.59% in the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis at 50°C for 72 h with a cellulase loading of 30 filter paper unit per gram of oven-dried WIS. Increasing the pretreatment temperature resulted in a higher enzymatic digestibility of the WIS from reed. Separate hydrolysis and fermentation of WIS showed that the conversion of glucan to ethanol reached 99.5% of the theoretical yield. The LHW pretreatment of reed is a suitable method to acquire a high recovery of fermentable sugars and high ethanol conversion yield.

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Nguyen, Trung Hau, In Yung Sunwoo, Chae Hun Ra, Gwi-Taek Jeong, and Sung-Koo Kim. "Acetone, butanol, and ethanol production from the green seaweed Enteromorpha intestinalis via the separate hydrolysis and fermentation." Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 42, no. 3 (November 23, 2018): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00449-018-2045-6.

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Branco, Rita H. R., Mariana S. T. Amândio, Luísa S. Serafim, and Ana M. R. B. Xavier. "Ethanol Production from Hydrolyzed Kraft Pulp by Mono- and Co-Cultures of Yeasts: The Challenge of C6 and C5 Sugars Consumption." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 8, 2020): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030744.

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Second-generation bioethanol production’s main bottleneck is the need for a costly and technically difficult pretreatment due to the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). Chemical pulping can be considered as a LCB pretreatment since it removes lignin and targets hemicelluloses to some extent. Chemical pulps could be used to produce ethanol. The present study aimed to investigate the batch ethanol production from unbleached Kraft pulp of Eucalyptus globulus by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the pulp resulted in a glucose yield of 96.1 ± 3.6% and a xylose yield of 94.0 ± 7.1%. In an Erlenmeyer flask, fermentation of the hydrolysate using Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed better results than Scheffersomyces stipitis. At both the Erlenmeyer flask and bioreactor scale, co-cultures of S. cerevisiae and S. stipitis did not show significant improvements in the fermentation performance. The best result was provided by S. cerevisiae alone in a bioreactor, which fermented the Kraft pulp hydrolysate with an ethanol yield of 0.433 g·g−1 and a volumetric ethanol productivity of 0.733 g·L−1·h−1, and a maximum ethanol concentration of 19.24 g·L−1 was attained. Bioethanol production using the SHF of unbleached Kraft pulp of E. globulus provides a high yield and productivity.

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Szambelan, Katarzyna, Jacek Nowak, Artur Szwengiel, Henryk Jeleń, and Grzegorz Łukaszewski. "Separate hydrolysis and fermentation and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation methods in bioethanol production and formation of volatile by-products from selected corn cultivars." Industrial Crops and Products 118 (August 2018): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.03.059.

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Wilkowska, Agnieszka, Joanna Berlowska, Adriana Nowak, Ilona Motyl, Aneta Antczak-Chrobot, Maciej Wojtczak, Alina Kunicka-Styczyńska, Michał Binczarski, and Piotr Dziugan. "Combined Yeast Cultivation and Pectin Hydrolysis as an Effective Method of Producing Prebiotic Animal Feed from Sugar Beet Pulp." Biomolecules 10, no. 5 (May 6, 2020): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10050724.

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An effective and ecological method for liberation of pectin-derived oligosaccharides (POS) from sugar beet pulp (SBP) was developed using enzymatic and microorganism-mediated biomass conversion. The POS may be applied in the production of prebiotic feed additives. Various yeast strains were screened for their capacity for protein synthesis and monosaccharide assimilation. Combined yeast cultivation and pectin hydrolysis were found to be an effective method of producing prebiotics. Separate enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of SBP resulted in the release of 3.6 g of POS per 100 g d.w., whereas the yield of POS acquired after the combined process was 17.9% higher, giving 4.2 g of POS per 100 g d.w. Introducing the yeast into the process improved hydrolysis performance due to lower enzyme inhibition by mono- and disaccharides. The prebiotic effect of the POS was assessed by in vitro fermentation using individual cultures of gastrointestinal bacteria. The POS in the SBP hydrolysate effectively promoted the growth of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. A large increase in adherence to Caco-2 cells in the presence of POS was noted for beneficial Lactobacillus brevis strains, whereas pathogenic bacteria and yeast (C. albicans, C. lusitanie, C. pelliculosa), responsible for infections in breeding animals, showed much weaker adhesion.

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Schroedter, Linda, Friedrich Streffer, Katrin Streffer, Peter Unger, and Joachim Venus. "Biorefinery Concept Employing Bacillus coagulans: LX-Lignin and L-(+)-Lactic Acid from Lignocellulose." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091810.

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A new biorefinery concept is proposed that integrates the novel LX-Pretreatment with the fermentative production of L-(+)-lactic acid. Lignocellulose was chosen as a substrate that does not compete with the provision of food or feed. Furthermore, it contains lignin, a promising new chemical building material which is the largest renewable source for aromatic compounds. Two substrates were investigated: rye straw (RS) as a residue from agriculture, as well as the fibrous digestate of an anaerobic biogas plant operated with energy corn (DCS). Besides the prior production of biogas from energy corn, chemically exploitable LX-Lignin was produced from both sources, creating a product with a low carbohydrate and ash content (90.3% and 88.2% of acid insoluble lignin). Regarding the cellulose fraction of the biomass, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation experiments were conducted, comparing a separate (SHF), simultaneous (SSF) and prehydrolyzed simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF) approach. For this purpose, thermophilic B. coagulans 14-300 was utilized, reaching 38.0 g L−1 LA in 32 h SSF from pretreated RS and 18.3 g L−1 LA in 30 h PSSF from pretreated DCS with optical purities of 99%.

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Dyartanti, Endah Retno, Margono Margono, Anisa Raditya Nurohmah, Shofirul Sholikhatun Nisa, and Novan Riantosa. "Two Step and Direct Fermentation in the Production of Ethanol from Starch: A Short Review." Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering 4, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v4i1.46130.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Ethanol as a renewable fuel has been widely produced in various countries. One source of raw material for producing ethanol is starch. The process of producing ethanol from starch needs to be pretreated so that starch molecules can split into smaller ones. However, this process requires pre-treatment which will expensive more than ethanol from sugar. There are two types of pretreatment i.e. two-step ethanol production and direct fermentation. There is two kind of hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, and enzymatic hydrolysis. Two-step ethanol production is a conventional method that separates pretreatment and fermentation process, while direct fermentation is the direct production of starch into ethanol using recombinant yeast that co-produces enzymes such as amylose and glucoamylase. Two-step ethanol production has the advantage of high yield but needs high cost whereas, direct fermentation has the advantage of low-cost production but needs longer time. Common starch to ethanol production consists of two stages, namely hydrolysis of raw materials into glucose and fermentation into ethanol. Both of these processes can be run on average at temperatures of 30-80<sup>o</sup>C with a pH range of 4-6 and varying time intervals. The enzyme used depends on the source of the starch, but the most commonly used is <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Ethanol, starch, pre-treatment</p>

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Lee, Jae-Won, Rita C. L. B. Rodrigues, Hyun Joo Kim, In-Gyu Choi, and Thomas W. Jeffries. "The roles of xylan and lignin in oxalic acid pretreated corncob during separate enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation." Bioresource Technology 101, no. 12 (June 2010): 4379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.112.

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Hafid, Halimatun Saadiah, Nor’Aini Abdul Rahman, Umi Kalsom Md Shah, Azhari Samsu Baharudin, and Rabitah Zakaria. "Direct utilization of kitchen waste for bioethanol production by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) using locally isolated yeast." International Journal of Green Energy 13, no. 3 (October 27, 2014): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2014.940958.

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Olsson, L., H. R. Soerensen, B. P. Dam, H. Christensen, K. M. Krogh, and A. S. Meyer. "Separate and Simultaneous Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Wheat Hemicellulose With Recombinant Xylose Utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 129, no. 1-3 (2006): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/abab:129:1:117.

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48

ZHU, Mingjun, Ping LI, Xinfang GONG, and Jufang WANG. "A Comparison of the Production of Ethanol between Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation and Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation Using Unpretreated Cassava Pulp and Enzyme Cocktail." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 76, no. 4 (April 23, 2012): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.110750.

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Saha, Badal C., Nancy N. Nichols, Nasib Qureshi, and Michael A. Cotta. "Comparison of separate hydrolysis and fermentation and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes for ethanol production from wheat straw by recombinant Escherichia coli strain FBR5." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 92, no. 4 (October 4, 2011): 865–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3600-0.

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de Oliveira Moraes, Anelize, Ninoska Isabel Bojorge Ramirez, and Nei Pereira. "Evaluation of the Fermentation Potential of Pulp Mill Residue to Produce d(−)-Lactic Acid by Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation Using Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 180, no. 8 (July 16, 2016): 1574–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-016-2188-3.

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