Academic literature on the topic 'Separation of powers'

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Journal articles on the topic "Separation of powers"

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Cooper, Samuel W. "Considering "Power" in Separation of Powers." Stanford Law Review 46, no. 2 (January 1994): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1229187.

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Davey, Stephen. "Separation of powers." Nature Chemistry 6, no. 4 (March 21, 2014): 270–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1913.

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Ruzanov, Ilia Vladislavovich. "Independence of the Judiciary in the Modern Understanding of the Separation of Powers." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 6, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18474.

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The independence of judicial power is researched from the natural law viewpoint. It is shown that the principle of separation of powers is not static, it is changing under the inf luence of time.The sharp increase of executive branch of power’s role marks the contemporary stage of social-political development. It is shown that such a situation is inevitable. However, the problem is that executive branch fulfills both rulemaking function and law-enforcement one. It causes the risks of abuse of power, which scared the creators of separation of powers principle.In this light the constitutional law faces the aim to reveal legal and political tools which can provide the very essence of separations of powers - to avoid the complete concentration of power in one center. The two innovations which can help to solve this problem are suggested in the article.One of them is to broad the types of direct popular sovereignty. It is demonstrated, based on American experience that notice and comment requirement can restrain the arbitrariness of executive branch and therefore to be a bulwark against usurpation.The nature of judicial power activity also changes. It must turn from formal control over the executive power to theanalysis of the essence of its decisions.
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Kosař, David, Jiří Baroš, and Pavel Dufek. "The Twin Challenges to Separation of Powers in Central Europe: Technocratic Governance and Populism." European Constitutional Law Review 15, no. 3 (September 2019): 427–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019619000336.

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Separation of institutions, functions and personnel – Checks and balances – Hungary, Poland, Czechia, Slovakia – Short tradition of separation of powers in Central Europe – Fragile interwar systems of separation of powers – Communist principle of centralisation of power – Technocratic challenge to separation of powers during the EU accession – One-sided checks on the elected branches and empowering technocratic elitist institutions – Populist challenge to separation of powers in the 2010s – Re-politicising of the public sphere, removing most checks on the elected branches, and curtailing and packing the unelected institutions – Technocratic and populist challenges to separation of powers interrelated more than we thought
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Rossum, Ralph A. "Separation of Powers and the Legislative Power." Teaching Political Science 14, no. 1 (October 1986): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00922013.1986.9942409.

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Krent, Harold J. "Separating the Strands in Separation of Powers Controversies." Virginia Law Review 74, no. 7 (October 1988): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1073273.

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Penovic, Tania. "The Separation of Powers." Alternative Law Journal 29, no. 5 (October 2004): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x0402900503.

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Burns, Arnold I., and Stephen J. Markman. "Understanding Separation of Powers." Pace Law Review 7, no. 3 (April 1, 1987): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.58948/2331-3528.1519.

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Sarip, Sarip, and Nur Rahman. "SEPARATION OF POWER: BERPISAH UNTUK BERTEMU." Jurnal De Jure Muhammadiyah Cirebon 4, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32534/djmc.v4i2.3172.

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Theorists struggle to determine the nature of the separation of power. There are many objections to the tripartite separation (three powers) of the state in the form of the legislature, executive and judiciary by referring to Montesquieu in his Spirit of the Laws for the history of political theory originating in the French state. The separation of powers is a vital feature of western democracies, enshrined in various federal and state constitutions. As a broad principle, theorists struggle to determine its precise nature, and many argue that the tripartite separation of state power into legislative, executive and judicial branches has proved simple and impossible. I think we should understand the separation of powers as a strategy used to structure the relationship between separate institutions. This structuring process empowers the creation of new relationships between institutions, with the aim of enhancing their institutional integrity. In short, we split up just to reconnect. These strategies direct attention to inter-agency relationships highlighting the contribution of these relationships to keeping institutional integrity together. Keywords: Separation of powers, Institutions, Authority, Meeting each other.
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Šinkūnas, Haroldas, and Dovilė Pūraitė-Andrikienė. "The Principle of Separation of Powers: the Case of Lithuania." Review of Central and East European Law 48, no. 2 (August 7, 2023): 166–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-bja10080.

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Abstract The principle of separation of powers is one of the most important constitutional principles underlying the organization of public power. In interpreting this principle, the Lithuanian Constitutional Court has defined it is a fundamental principle of the organization and functioning of a democratic state governed by the rule of law, which requires not only separation of the branches of government but also ensuring a balance between them. The constitutional rule stating that ‘in Lithuania, State power is executed by the Seimas, the President of the Republic and the Government, and the Judiciary’ is the starting point for revealing the content of the principle of separation of powers enshrined in the Constitution. This article discusses the exercise of legislative, executive and judicial powers by the public authorities specified in the Constitution and presents some cases of violation of the constitutional principle of separation of powers that have been examined by the Lithuanian Constitutional Court. These issues are analyzed in the context of challenges to the principle of separation of powers in other Central and Eastern European countries.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Separation of powers"

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Yowell, Paul. "Practical reason and the separation of powers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547825.

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Bambaci, Juliana. "Presidential discretion in separation of powers systems /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Kyritsis, Dimitrios. "Divided authority : separation of powers and legal theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419037.

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Berruecos, Garcia Travesi Martha Susana. "Separation of powers in new democracies : federalism and the judicial power in Mexico." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2767/.

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In the matter of a few decades, the Supreme Court in Mexico has gone from being a passive institution that served the interests of the federal executive to a genuine enforcer of law and the final arbiter in an increasing number of disputes over power and resources between different branches and levels of government. My thesis traces how and why this change happened and analyses the consequences of a more independent and active Court for the processes of federalism and democratisation in Mexico. My research contributes to a growing body of literature on the judicialisation of politics in Mexico. I analyse the ways in which a more genuine separation of powers has begun to take shape in Mexico. Specifically, I look at how a more independent Supreme Court has provided different government powers at the federal, state and municipal levels with a means of defending their respective jurisdictions against competing powers. While I focus on the Supreme Court, my research situates the judiciary within the wider web of government institutions; increased political pluralism has enabled the legislative branch and state and local governments to exercise stronger checks and balances on the federal executive, with attendant consequences for the emboldened Court when it comes to involvement in the policy-making process. At the core of my thesis is an empirical analysis of the Supreme Court's involvement in federalist issues via the use of constitutional controversies filed before the Court between 1995 and 2005 to resolve federal intragovernmental (between the three branches of government) and intergovernmental (between levels of government) disputes. The analysis operates on two levels: the national, and the subnational via an examination of legal recourses in seven case study states. It also looks at the role of the electoral tribunal in national and local election disputes. A wide variety of political actors are resorting to legal channels in order to resolve political deadlock. The Supreme Court in Mexico has had the last word on issues that range from the generation of electricity to indigenous rights. While my research focuses on Mexico, I compare judicial reform in Mexico with parallel processes in the other three presidential and federal systems in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela). Methodologically, my PhD thesis includes a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including structured and semi-structured interviews and extensive documental research in public and private sector archives, as well as national and local newspapers and specialist magazines.
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Herold, Florian. "The Evolution of Reciprocity, Trust, and the Separation of Powers." Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-32479.

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Alvey, John Ralph. "The separation of powers in Australia : issues for the states." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16390/1/John_Alvey_Thesis.pdf.

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A study of the separation of powers (legislative, executive, and judicial) in Australia at the Commonwealth and the State level including three Australian States, Queensland, Victoria and New South Wales. The separation of powers (SOP) theory from Locke and Blackstone is used for the SOP theory in Australia. In practice, the English rather than the American system of government and SOP is the model used for the Australian Commonwealth Government and SOP. The Commonwealth SOP is used as a guide for the States SOP. Queensland, Victoria and New South Wales are case studies used to compare and contrast with the Commonwealth. The concept of the SOP in Australia is articulated by the High Court and is derived from the Blackstonian SOP theory rather than the Federalist SOP theory. The implementation of the SOP theory into practice is problematic. The SOP theory is used as a conceptual framework to understand current events. The advantages and disadvantages or problems of the Commonwealth model are presented as a guide for the States. The same structure is used for the study of the three States in the form of the advantages and disadvantages or problems of the SOP at the State level. The entrenchment of the SOP at the State level will help to partly overcome the problems highlighted in the case study chapters. The federal SOP situation is better than at the State level but the entrenchment of Bills of Rights at the Commonwealth and State levels would help to counter the trend in reduction of civil rights. The SOP is important in protecting citizens from the abuse of government power. The lack of separation of powers, especially separation of judicial power at State level, has meant the increasing abuse of powers by the executive and the executive dominating the other two branches of government.
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Alvey, John Ralph. "The Separation of Powers in Australia: Issues For the States." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16390/.

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A study of the separation of powers (legislative, executive, and judicial) in Australia at the Commonwealth and the State level including three Australian States, Queensland, Victoria and New South Wales. The separation of powers (SOP) theory from Locke and Blackstone is used for the SOP theory in Australia. In practice, the English rather than the American system of government and SOP is the model used for the Australian Commonwealth Government and SOP. The Commonwealth SOP is used as a guide for the States SOP. Queensland, Victoria and New South Wales are case studies used to compare and contrast with the Commonwealth. The concept of the SOP in Australia is articulated by the High Court and is derived from the Blackstonian SOP theory rather than the Federalist SOP theory. The implementation of the SOP theory into practice is problematic. The SOP theory is used as a conceptual framework to understand current events. The advantages and disadvantages or problems of the Commonwealth model are presented as a guide for the States. The same structure is used for the study of the three States in the form of the advantages and disadvantages or problems of the SOP at the State level. The entrenchment of the SOP at the State level will help to partly overcome the problems highlighted in the case study chapters. The federal SOP situation is better than at the State level but the entrenchment of Bills of Rights at the Commonwealth and State levels would help to counter the trend in reduction of civil rights. The SOP is important in protecting citizens from the abuse of government power. The lack of separation of powers, especially separation of judicial power at State level, has meant the increasing abuse of powers by the executive and the executive dominating the other two branches of government.
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Magar, Eric. "Bully pulpits : posturing, bargaining, and polarization in the legislative process of the Americas /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3026372.

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Figueroa, Gutarra Edwin. "Separation of powers and constitutional judges: an approach of corrective roles." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116750.

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An approach of corrective roles of judges within the constitutional interpretation demands a number of parameters that must necessarily be made compatible with the principles, values  and guidelines pursuant to contemporary legal systems. This study covers the dimensions of these corrective roles in the attempt to set reference lines on the delicate task of the constitutional judges in the defense of the effective exercise of the fundamental rights and the regulations’ primacy of the Constitution. Finally, this study investigates if there is a jurisdictional government and to what extent the neoconstitutionalism turns out to be a relevant matter in the interpretation of the Constitution.
Un enfoque de roles correctores de los jueces en la interpretación constitucional demanda una serie de parámetros que necesariamente deben ser compatibilizados con los principios, valores y directrices que informan los ordenamientos jurídicos contemporáneos. El presente estudio abarca las dimensiones de esos roles correctores en la pretensión  de establecer líneas referenciales sobre la delicada labor de los jueces constitucionales en la defensa de la vigencia efectiva de los derechos fundamentales y de la primacía normativa de la Constitución. Indaga finalmente, si acaso existe un Estado jurisdiccional y en qué medida el neoconstitucionalismo resulta ser un elemento material relevante en la interpretación de la Carta Fundamental.
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Burnep, Gregory. "The War on Terror and the Separation of Powers Tug-of-War." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107180.

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Thesis advisor: Shep Melnick
Most of the literature on the separation of powers in the war on terror vastly overstates the power of the presidency and pays little attention to the respective roles of Congress, the courts, and the bureaucracy in prosecuting that conflict. Scholars – especially those in the legal academy – have consistently failed to appreciate the ways in which the president has been, and continues to be, checked and constrained by a variety of forces. In my dissertation, I engage in highly detailed case studies of U.S. law and policy with respect to detention and military commissions in the war on terror. I pay special attention to the complex interactions that occurred within and between our governing institutions in these policy areas. There are two central arguments that come out of my research and run through my case studies. First, the political scientist Robert Kagan’s work on “adversarial legalism” is no longer simply applicable to the domestic policy realm. The proliferation of legal rules and extensive litigation has increasingly come to characterize foreign affairs as well, with important consequences for how the U.S. implements its national security policies and fights its armed conflicts. In short, adversarial legalism has gone to war. Second, loose talk about the “unitary” nature of the executive branch is misleading. The executive branch is a sprawling bureaucracy made up of diverse actors with different perspectives, preferences, and norms, and that bureaucracy has interacted with Congress and the courts in surprising ways to constrain the presidency in the war on terror
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science
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Books on the topic "Separation of powers"

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Vance, Mary A. Separation of powers: Monographs. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1987.

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Aralar, Reynaldo B. Separation of powers and impeachment. 2nd ed. Mandaluyong City: Published and exclusively distributed by National Book Store, 2004.

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Kusamotu, 'Gboyega. Nigerian federalism and separation of powers. Ibadan, Nigeria: Sulek-Temik Pub., 2001.

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1951-, Wilson Bradford P., and Schramm Peter W, eds. Separation of powers and good government. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield, 1994.

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Barenboim, Peter. Biblical roots of separation of powers. Moscow: Letny sad, 2005.

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1950-1978, Fernando Enrique Q., and Philippines Supreme Court, eds. Separation of powers: The three departments of the Philippine Government. 2nd ed. Manila: Supreme Court of the Philippines, 1985.

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Fernando, Enrique M. Separation of powers: The three departments of the Philippine government. 2nd ed. Manila: Supreme Court of the Philippines, 1985.

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Shane, Peter M. Separation of powers law: Cases and materials. Durham, N.C: Carolina Academic Press, 1996.

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Grossman, Gene M. Separation of powers and the budget process. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Shane, Peter M. Separation of powers law: Cases and materials. 3rd ed. Durham, N.C: Carolina Academic Press, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Separation of powers"

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Smith, Raymond A. "Separation of Powers." In The American Anomaly, 41–58. Fourth Edition. | New York: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351034821-4.

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Genovese, Michael A., and Robert J. Spitzer. "Separation of Powers." In The Presidency and the Constitution, 23–57. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403979391_3.

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Alder, John. "The separation of powers." In Constitutional and Administrative Law, 136–60. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-47492-6_7.

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Ryan, Mark. "The separation of powers." In Unlocking, 79–119. 4th edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Unlocking the law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315652610-5.

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Barnett, Hilaire. "The Separation of Powers." In Constitutional & Administrative Law, 79–96. Twelfth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315458373-6.

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Alder, John, and Keith Syrett. "The separation of powers." In Constitutional and Administrative Law, 138–62. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60907-6_7.

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Brown, H. Lowell. "The Separation of Powers." In Prosecution of the President of the United States, 137–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81373-4_8.

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Barnett, Hilaire. "The Separation of Powers." In Constitutional & Administrative Law, 79–96. 13th edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429322686-4.

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Ryan, Mark, and Steve Foster. "The separation of powers." In Unlocking Constitutional and Administrative Law, 81–121. 5th ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003262138-5.

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Barnett, Hilaire. "The Separation of Powers." In Constitutional and Administrative Law, 79–97. 15th ed. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003360438-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Separation of powers"

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Cheng, Pau-Chen, Kevin Eykholt, Zhongshu Gu, Hani Jamjoom, K. R. Jayaram, Enriquillo Valdez, and Ashish Verma. "Separation of Powers in Federated Learning (Poster Paper)." In SOSP '21: ACM SIGOPS 28th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3477114.3488765.

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Lorenz, David H., and Boaz Rosenan. "Separation of powers in the cloud: where applications and users become peers." In SPLASH '15: Conference on Systems, Programming, Languages, and Applications: Software for Humanity. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2814228.2814237.

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Bērtaite-Pudāne, Inga. "Pieteikuma tiesības administratīvajā tiesā un varas dalīšanas princips." In Latvijas Universitātes 80. starptautiskā zinātniskā konference. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.48.

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Standing before the administrative court and the principle of separation of powers is a relatively rarely discussed topic in the continental legal tradition. This article focuses on the said topic in the Latvian legal system. The possible impact of the individual legal standing, as well as of actio popularis in environmental cases, on the principle of separation of powers is analysed separately.
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Grudinin, Nikita. "Development of the constitutional and legal status of the State Duma of the Russian Federation in the light of the constitutional reform of 2020." In Development of legal systems of Russia and foreign countries : problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02110-1-45-49.

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The constitutional reform of 2020 has made a significant contribution to the development of the system of separation of powers. Currently, domestic parliamentarism and the State Duma of the Russian Federation are experiencing a new stage in their development. The purpose of the study is to consider certain issues of constitutional and legal development of the status of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the constitutional reform of 2020 adjusted the balance within the system of separation of powers in Russia, strengthening the position of the State Duma in the process of forming the personal composition of the Government. It is noted that the reform carried out contributed to the strengthening of the presidential-parliamentary republic in Russia with a strong presidential power. She also once again raised the question of the prospects of implementing the idea of a party government in Russia
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Qaui, Bouhania, and Latrish Ismaiel. "Political Governance in the Light of the Constitutional Amendment in Algeria and the Mechanisms of Political Reform (Organizing Powers as a Model)." In REFORM AND POLITICAL CHANGE. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdiconfrpc.pp13-25.

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Since the transformation of the Algerian political system in 1989, the principle of separation of powers has emerged strongly in political life, as an inevitable alternative to what prevailed in the past from the consolidation of power under the one-party system, and with the fading of manifestations of enshrining the principle in the 1996 Constitution and the subsequent amendments that contributed to Strengthening presidential dominance of power, which resulted in a clear imbalance between powers, which called for the intervention of the Algerian constitutional founder in order to introduce new reforms in line with the urgent popular demands aimed at sending promising political reforms that guarantee good political governance, especially with regard to orga…
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Рябова, Екатерина Владимировна. "ABUSE OF PARENTAL RIGHTS DURING SEPARATION OF PARENTS." In Проблемы и перспективы развития инновационных технологий: сборник статей международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Январь 2023). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230118.2023.84.89.004.

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Принцип равенства прав и обязанностей родителей, установленный Семейным кодексом Российской Федерации, по мнению автора, нуждается в пересмотре, так как не соответствует объективным реалиям жизни, особенно в условиях раздельного проживания родителей. Требуют изменения роль и полномочия органов опеки и попечительства при участии в делах, связанных с воспитанием детей. Нерешенность вопросов, связанных с реализацией родительских прав при раздельном проживании родителей, не позволяет эффективно решать другие вопросы, например, о надлежащем исполнении родителями обязанностей по содержанию детей. The principle of equality of rights and obligations of parents, established by the Family Code of the Russian Federation, in the author's opinion, needs to be revised, since it does not correspond to the objective realities of life, especially in conditions of separation of parents. The role and powers of guardianship and guardianship authorities when participating in cases related to the upbringing of children require changes. The unresolved issues related to the exercise of parental rights during the separation of parents does not allow other issues to be effectively resolved, for example, about the proper performance of parental responsibilities for the maintenance of children.
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Ruan, Anbang, Ming Wei, Andrew Martin, David Blundell, and David Wallom. "Breaking Down the Monarchy: Achieving Trustworthy and Open Cloud Ecosystem Governance with Separation-of-Powers." In 2016 IEEE 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cloud.2016.0073.

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Bakaveckas, Audrius, and Rolandas Kriksciunas. "REGULATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA." In 8th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS Proceedings 2021. SGEM World Science, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2021/s02.05.

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Grechenkova, Oksana. "President of the Russian Federation in the national security system." In East – West: Practical Approaches to Countering Terrorism and Preventing Violent Extremism. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcshss.zofb2749.

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The article examines the role of the President of the Russian Federation in the national security system. The author analyzed the current legislation, determined the system for ensuring national security; analyzed the powers of the President in the field of ensuring national security; to propose ways of solving possible problems of national security. It is concluded that an effective system of “checks and balances” in the constitutional model of the separation of powers largely determines the internal stability in the state. Attention is drawn to the fact that the proposed amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation may lead to an increase in presidential power in the country and a shift in the levers in the system of checks and balances towards the head of state, when, at the moment, his influence on the branches of state power is great.
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Ludwig, Lester F. "General Thin-Lens Action on Spatial Intensity Distribution Behaves as Non-Integer Powers of Fourier Transform." In Spatial Light Modulators and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/slma.1988.the4.

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This paper shows that the classical equations for the action of a thin-lens on the spatial intensity distribution of light [3] behave generally as non-integer powers of the Fourier transform [1,2] for separation distances within the lens-law boundary.
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Reports on the topic "Separation of powers"

1

Li, Weijia, Gérard Roland, and Yang Xie. Hobbesian Wars and Separation of Powers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30945.

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2

Duffy, James F. Separation of Powers in Classifying International Agreements. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441348.

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Grossman, Gene, and Elhanan Helpman. Separation of Powers and the Budget Process. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12332.

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4

Brodeur, Abel. Reproduction of 'Can International Courts Enhance Domestic Judicial Review? Separation of Powers and the European Court of Justice'. Social Science Reproduction Platform, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48152/ssrp-0eeh-d577.

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Scartascini, Carlos, and Martín Ardanaz. The Economic Effects of Constitutions: Do Budget Institutions Make Forms of Government More Alike? Inter-American Development Bank, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011487.

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According to an influential theoretical argument, presidential systems tend to present smaller governments because the separation between those who decide the size of the fiscal purse and those who allocate it creates incentives for lower public expenditures. In practice, forms of government vary greatly, and budget institutions -the rules according to which budgets are drafted, approved, and implemented- are one (of many) drivers of such variation. This paper argues that under more hierarchical budget rules, presidential and parliamentary systems generate a similar incentive structure for the executive branch in shaping the size of government. This hypothesis is tested on a broad cross-section of countries, presidentialism is found to have a negative impact on government size only when executive discretion in the budget process is low (that is, in a context of separation of powers). However, the negative effect of presidentialism on expenditures vanishes or is even reversed when the executive`s discretion over the budget process is higher. Hence, budget institutions that impose restrictions on the legislature`s ability to amend budget proposals can make political regimes look more alike in terms of fiscal outcomes.
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Melik-Sargsyan, Lusine. SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF PHYSICAL SEPARATION OF SAFETY SYSTEMS OF OLD GENERATION NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS. Eurasia Institutes, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47669/iser-2-2023.

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This article discusses the scientific and engineering issues and criticality of physical separation of safety systems of old generation nuclear power plants. Based on the scientific and engineering comprehensive analyses within the framework of this scientific and research work it has been concluded that the physical separation of safety systems at old generation nuclear power plants like Armenian NPP was among deficiencies of VVER 440 reactors identified in with high ranking.
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Kinoshita, Noboru. MCFC power plant with CO{sub 2} separation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460238.

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Wilson, D., Vladimir Ostashev, and Chris Pettit. Distribution of the two-point product of complex amplitudes in the fully saturated scattering regime. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38701.

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This Letter considers probability density functions (pdfs) involving products of the complex amplitudes observed at two points (which may, in general, involve separations in space, time, or frequency) in conditions of fully saturated scattering. First, the pdf is derived for the product of the complex amplitude at one point with the conjugate of the complex amplitude at another point. It is shown that the real and imaginary parts of this product each have a variance gamma pdf. Second, expressions are derived for several joint pdfs involving complex amplitude products and powers at two points.
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Amy, Fabrice, Jeffrey Hufton, Shubhra Bhadra, Edward Weist, Garret Lau, and Gordon Jonas. Advanced Acid Gas Separation Technology for Clean Power and Syngas Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1238360.

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Millán, Jaime. Power Sector Reform in Latin America: Accomplishments, Failures and Challenges. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008887.

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In this technical paper, the author addresses pertinent issues that affect reform in the power sector and the status of current efforts. The objective of the paper is such: 1) It explains the difficulties in achieving a separation of the roles of the State in an environment in which it continues to play an important role as entrepreneur, and the difficulties of providing adequate regulation in an institutional and resource-constrained environment; 2) It discusses the stranded costs arising from the impossibility of following the correct sequence of reforms and the constraints imposed by this failure; 3) It provides an analysis of the difficulties encountered in achieving competition while assuring long-term resource adequacy; 3) It looks at the regulation of noncompetitive segments and the elusive goal of achieving cost recovery while addressing the needs of the poor.
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