Relevant bibliographies by topics / Separation of waste at source

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Separation of waste at source'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Separation of waste at source.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Separation of waste at source"

1

Wei, Ran, and Shi Yong Sun. "Source Separation Research of Municipal Solid Waste." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3609.

Full text
Abstract:
An enormous amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) has increasingly become a threat for many cities around the world. As an effective method of waste disposal, source separation program of MSW is concerned by more and more researchers across disciplines with other waste management options for the purpose of abating degradation in urban environment. The purpose of this article is to present the achievements of theoretical and empirical studies in the field of source-separation programs around the world in recent years, which may provide a new insight of environmental problems into decision making of governments and citizens.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Jank, Anna, Wolfgang Müller, Irene Schneider, Frederic Gerke, and Anke Bockreis. "Waste Separation Press (WSP): A mechanical pretreatment option for organic waste from source separation." Waste Management 39 (May 2015): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.02.024.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ma, Jing Ying, Jian Yi Zhan, and Yue Jun Zhang. "Municipal Solid Waste Management Practice in China - A Case Study in Hangzhou." Advanced Materials Research 878 (January 2014): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.23.

Full text
Abstract:
The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) in China is facing urgent problems with rapid industrialization and urbanization. This article focused on the status of Hangzhou, capital city of Zhejiang province, China. The regulations, policies, implementation, barriers and solutions about source separation, separate collection, clean & direct transportation, treatment and disposal were introduced. Source separation, separate collection and clean & direct transportation were seriously carried out from 2010. MSW was classified into four kinds, such as kitchen waste, hazardous waste, recyclable waste and other waste. Four kinds of wastes were collected, transported, treated and disposed, respectively. At the same time, a questionnaire survey was conducted in 2011 on 200 households in Xiasha and Gongshu Districts in Hangzhou. The results indicate that many citizens cannot effectively and correctly separated different kinds of solid wastes. Kitchen waste was directly disposed in landfill, because there is no composting plant in Hangzhou City. The collection of recoverable waste and hazardous waste was not in control of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) system. In order to optimize MSWM system in Hangzhou, the government and the citizen must make efforts in source separation, comprehensive treatment system, effective regulations and policies.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Kawai, Kosuke, and Luong Thi Mai Huong. "Key parameters for behaviour related to source separation of household organic waste: A case study in Hanoi, Vietnam." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 3 (January 18, 2017): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16683441.

Full text
Abstract:
Proper management of food waste, a major component of municipal solid waste (MSW), is needed, especially in developing Asian countries where most MSW is disposed of in landfill sites without any pretreatment. Source separation can contribute to solving problems derived from the disposal of food waste. An organic waste source separation and collection programme has been operated in model areas in Hanoi, Vietnam, since 2007. This study proposed three key parameters (participation rate, proper separation rate and proper discharge rate) for behaviour related to source separation of household organic waste, and monitored the progress of the programme based on the physical composition of household waste sampled from 558 households in model programme areas of Hanoi. The results showed that 13.8% of 558 households separated organic waste, and 33.0% discharged mixed (unseparated) waste improperly. About 41.5% (by weight) of the waste collected as organic waste was contaminated by inorganic waste, and one-third of the waste disposed of as organic waste by separators was inorganic waste. We proposed six hypothetical future household behaviour scenarios to help local officials identify a final or midterm goal for the programme. We also suggested that the city government take further actions to increase the number of people participating in separating organic waste, improve the accuracy of separation and prevent non-separators from discharging mixed waste improperly.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Sobhan, N., M. Ahmad, MA Baten, N. Sultana, and MS Hossen. "Study on source separation of wastage and its management on the households in some selected wards of Mymensingh municipality." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 6, no. 2 (February 11, 2015): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i2.22100.

Full text
Abstract:
The Present study was conducted in selected wards in Mymensingh municipality during the period of March- October, 2009 to know the existing condition of waste separation and its management ensuring better waste management practices. The study was performed with 100 respondents from 4, 6, 8 no. of wards in the Mymensingh municipality. Data related to characteristics of respondents as well as waste separation were collected using a questionnaire after testing and finalizing .The respondents involved in the study were maximum in middle aged (21-50 year) having the educational qualification in HSC level. The study also revealed that maximum respondents were with TK 10001-20000 as annual income having the family size within 5- 7 members. Maximum respondents in the study area were also involving the profession as business. The waste generation was higher with the increasing with the family members. In the study area waste separation approaches showed that among the separated waste, vegetable & fruit waste measured in the highest in case of solid kitchen waste having percentage as 64.80% compared to other types of wastes. The knowledge of waste separation was studied where it was observed that 20% respondent was well known with the facilities of waste separation. Most of The respondents also opinioned that they kept waste in containers and daily collection of waste preferably onto personal organization may be ensured better waste management.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i2.22100 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(2): 79-82 2013
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Chui Teo, Carol Boon, Azra Syakira Abdul Karim, Nur Afieqah Mamud, and Wan Norhanis Hanini Wan Abdul Hamid. "SOURCE WASTE SEPARATION BEHAVIOR AMONG SHAH ALAM HOUSEHOLDS." Management and Accounting Review (MAR) 17, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mar.v17i3.792.

Full text
Abstract:
One of the main contentious recycling issues in Malaysia is household solid waste management. With solid waste buildup and bottlenecks reaching its limit at landfills, local councils face uphill tasks to manage it. Solid source waste separation (SWS) for households was first officially enforced across eight states in Malaysia on 1 June 2016. However, Selangor has yet to enforce this system and is left to selected local councils to embark on pilot projects. It has been iterated that Selangor which has the largest population in Malaysia should adopt the law on mandatory SWS for households as it is already facing a garbage disposal crisis. Previous studies have been documented on recycling behavior but few delve into SWS. This paper examines household behavior towards SWS intention at Shah Alam. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, influences of attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN) and perceived behavior control (PBC) towards SWS were determined. Methodology utilized interviews with two local councils and observations on household recycling behavior. Survey was administered on 150 households. Using PLS analysis, results indicate ATT and PBC have positive and significant influences on SWS intention while subjective norm was not significant. Findings had some implications on strategies for local councils in managing SWS system. Keywords: Recycling, source waste separation, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Razavian, F., B. Khoshmanesh, and S. Izadyar. "Participation of people in waste source separation program." Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 8, no. 2 (August 22, 2016): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v8i2s.148.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Wang, Keqiang, Jianglin Lu, and Hongmei Liu. "Residents’ waste source separation behaviours in Shanghai, China." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 23, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 937–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-021-01179-7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Oduro-Kwarteng, S., K. P. Anarfi, and H. M. K. Essandoh. "Source separation and recycling potential of municipal solid waste in Ghana." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 27, no. 2 (March 14, 2016): 210–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-03-2015-0038.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the waste characteristics and separation efficiency of source separation of household waste in low- and middle-income communities in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 60 households participated in the household survey, education on source separation and pilot source separation exercise. The solid waste was sorted into six fractions and three recycling categories (biodegradable; paper and plastic; residue). Findings – The mean generation rate of solid waste was 0.52±0.26 kg/per capita/day for the low-income community and 0.65±0.27 kg/per capita/day for the middle-income community. The waste fractions in the communities (low, middle income) were biodegradable organics (59.15, 65.68 per cent), plastics (11.01, 10.68 per cent), papers (3.15, 4.51 per cent), glass (0.89, 2.57 per cent), metals (0.96, 4.63 per cent) and miscellaneous (24.84, 11.93 per cent), respectively. The separation efficiency for organic category was 70 per cent, inorganic and residue was over 69 per cent and the paper and plastics was over 60 per cent. Research limitations/implications – The study suggests that the success of source separation programme hinges on education and economic incentives. It was noted that the sample size could be increased to enhance the accuracy of the data for prediction purpose. Practical implications – The findings showed there is potential for recycling through source separation programme in low-and middle-income communities. Public education and economic incentives are necessary for successful source separation programme. Originality/value – The paper provides insight into source separation to contribute to better understanding of how city authorities in developing countries could take advantage of economic incentives to scale-up recycling.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Chen, Feiyu, Hong Chen, Meifen Wu, Shanshan Li, and Ruyin Long. "Research on the Driving Mechanism of Waste Separation Behavior: Based on Qualitative Analysis of Chinese Urban Residents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (May 27, 2019): 1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101859.

Full text
Abstract:
Waste source separation is the fundamental premise to ensure effective waste recycling. Whether the entire waste recycling and reduction process can be effectively carried out depends on the waste source separation. Clarifying the driving mechanism of waste separation behavior plays an important role in effectively guiding the urban residents’ waste separation behavior and achieving waste recycling. In this study, qualitative analysis was used to explore the driving mechanism of waste separation behavior. Through the open coding, axial coding and selective coding of the in-depth interview data collected from 323 Chinese urban residents, the study has proposed and verified the four-dimensional structure of waste separation behavior, namely, waste separation behavior of habit, decision, relationship, and citizen. The main driving factors of urban residents’ waste separation behavior have been clarified. On this basis, a theoretical model for the driving mechanism of waste separation behavior was constructed in this study. Ten main categories of factors have been presented, namely, value orientation, cognition of separation, regulatory focus, preferences for comfort, perception of separation empowerment, policy and standards, products and facilities, group norms, links trustworthiness, and social demography variables. Moreover, four typical relationship structures were proposed. Finally, the intervention policy suggestions were made to effectively guide the urban residents’ waste separation behavior.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Separation of waste at source"

1

Kwok, Ying-pui, and 郭英佩. "Domestic municipal solid waste source separation in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254251.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Kwok, Ying-pui. "Domestic municipal solid waste source separation in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21301724.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Nemat, Babak. "Elucidating the Influence of Food Packaging Attributes on Source-separation of Food Packaging Waste at Home." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-24007.

Full text
Abstract:
The global amount of waste generated by households, including food packaging waste, has been increasing continuously across the world, posing a massive threat to societies and the environment. Proper waste management, therefore, has become a challenging environmental issue and a priority for governments. Along with the technological advances, such as material recovery technologies, more stress has been placed on the strategies for moving away from disposal to waste prevention, separation, and recycling. Considerable efforts are being made to not only limit the overall production and the negative impact of waste on the environment and human health but also to minimize the cost of waste management. Separation of wastes at the source (i.e., source separation) is an integral part of such efforts toward enhancing the purity of collected waste and improving the quality of materials for recycling. Furthermore, sorting of waste as a habitual performance can serve as a practice for improving residents' recycling/sorting behavior. The packaging waste, including food packaging, forms a significant part of the municipal solid waste. The design of food packaging, therefore, has received a lot of attention as a useful tool to influence the consumers' sorting behavior, making it an interesting concept for research related to waste management. Presumably, the design of food packaging can meet consumers' sorting demands while being instructive and facilitating the sorting process, thus enhancing the recycling rate of the food packaging waste. Finding the ideal form of food packaging, however, requires an in-depth understanding of the packaging-consumer interactions throughout the sorting process. Considering the different characteristics of food packaging, it is expected that different food packages tend to influence a consumer in different ways. Nevertheless, the current knowledge is somewhat too general to be used by packaging developers to improve the sorting of the food packaging. Hence, the present thesis aims to provide a more in-depth insight into the influence of food packaging, as a product and service provider, on the consumer's/user's decision-making on sort of food packaging waste. The results assert that packaging to be sorted properly requires proper design to manifest its sorting related abilities such as easy to empty, easy to clean, and easy to fold, for the consumer. Selecting material, visual attributes, form, and function can amplify or reduce these sorting abilities of food packaging.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Altundal, Sadiye, and Meloujane Gullberg. "En fallstudie om hushållens källsortering i Augustenborg (A Case Study on Waste Management in Augustenborg)." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23418.

Full text
Abstract:
Hållbar utveckling är en vision som hela världen eftersträvar att uppnå. Hushållsavfallshanter-ing är ett sätt för att uppnå en hållbar samhällsutveckling. Bra kunskap, information och sam-verkan mellan olika aktörer är ytterst nödvändigt för att kunna uppnå en hållbar samhällsut-veckling. Syftet med fallstudiet är att kartlägga en del av stadsdelen Augustenborg i Malmö för att se över hur hushållsavfallshantering fortskrider. Det är även vårt syfte att identifiera möjligheter och hinder för en ökad källsortering i området. Genom enkätundersökning och intervjuer har vi samlat information om hur olika faktorer påverkar avfallshantering i Augus-tenborg. Resultatet visar att det finns olika faktorer som påverkar avfallshanteringssystemet och dessa är inte bara det formella faktorer som till exempel regler och lagar men också andra faktorer som människans attityder har stor betydelse.
Sustainable development has become a major concern all over the world. Household waste management is one of the solutions to attain a sustainable development and community. It is today of great importance to have the proper knowledge, information and coordination be-tween different sectors and organizations in order to attain a sustainable development. This case study aims to investigate an area in Augustenborg, Malmö in order to analyze their existing waste management system. It is even our intention to identify the development pos-sibilities and obstacles of waste management in the area. Through survey and personal inter-views, we were able to gather information on different factors and variables that affect waste management system in Augustenborg. The results suggest that there are various factors that affect waste management, and these are not just formal factors, such as rules and regulations but also other factors, such as human behaviour.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Pietikäinen, Vivi. "Look beyond the bin! : Solid Waste Management and recycling at the Asian Institute of Tecnology." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1972.

Full text
Abstract:

 

The generation of domestic waste is at present less than 1 kg/day per person in Thailand, but generated amounts keeps steadily growing. This trend is closely connected to an increasing population and economic growth, something that is creating waste management issues. The Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) outside Bangkok has the potential of being a leader in sustainable development in the Southeast Asian region, however a substantial opportunity is being missed – best environmental practices are currently not prioritized. Only 4 % of the total waste generated on campus is recycled at AIT, 3 % is composted and 93 % is taken to the municipal waste disposal site. Fluorescent light bulbs and other hazardous household waste are disposed on the campus dumpsite. Some measures have been undertaken in order to improve the solid waste management (SWM) at AIT, e.g. a new waste collection facility has been built in the outskirts of campus, where more space is provided in order to facilitate waste separation.

The field research for this study was carried out at AIT and the goal was to examine the SWM network, the problems and to analyse the recycling habits on campus. To investigate and visualize the actors involved in the SWM at AIT, the Actor-Network theory (ANT) was applied as an analytical framework. The generation of waste is the macro actor i.e. the reason for the existence of SWM. Other actors are the AIT students and staff (produce waste), the new Campus Environment and Development Committee – CEDC (the controlling part), environmental awareness (attitude towards recycling), and waste collectors.

The results from the survey witness of that people have a positive but somewhat cautious attitude towards the sustainability of source separation. Separating waste at source is a key mechanism for solving the SWM problem but people are uncertain of how to separate each waste fraction. There is a strong need to designate a coordinator of the SWM at AIT and as long as there is a lack of leadership, a goal of environmentally sustainable practices cannot be reached. The new CEDC is currently not performing any actions towards an integrated SWM.

 


 

Idag produceras mindre än ett kilo hushållsavfall per dag och person i Thailand men mängden växer stadigt med ökad befolkning och bättre ekonomiska förutsättningar vilket leder till sophanteringsproblem. Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) i Thailand har  potential att vara en ledstjärna inom hållbar utveckling i Sydostasien men en stor möjlighet går om intet – den bästa miljömässiga tillämpningen i sophanteringsfrågan prioriteras inte. Endast 4 % av soporna återvinns på AIT, 3 % komposteras och 93 % hamnar på den kommunala soptippen. Lysrör och annat farligt hushållsavfall dumpas på universitetets soptipp. Vissa åtgärder har vidtagits för att förbättra sophanteringen på AIT, t.ex. har en ny sopanläggning byggts i utkanten av campus med ökad kapacitet för sopsortering.

Fältarbetet för uppsatsen genomfördes på AIT och målet var att kartlägga sophanteringen, nätverket kring den, problemen runtom, samt att analysera återvinningsbeteendet på detta universitetscampus. För att gestalta och utreda aktörerna som är involverade i sophanteringen på AIT, använde jag Actor-Network theory som ett analytiskt verktyg. Själva produceringen av hushållssopor är makroaktören, dvs. skälet till sophanteringens existens. Andra aktörer är studenterna och de anställda på universitetet (skapar sopor), den nya kommittén för Miljö och Utveckling på campus (den kontrollerande delen), miljömedvetenhe (inställningen till återvinning) och sophämtarna.

Resultaten från enkätunderökningen vittnar om att människorna har en positiv men försiktig inställning gentemot hållbarheten i källsortering. Källsortering är grunden för att lösa sophanteringsproblematiken men folk är osäkra på hur de ska sortera avfallet. Det finns ett stort behov av en avfallshandläggare för sophanteringen på AIT och så länge bristen på ledarskap kvarstår, kan inte målet om miljömässig hållbarhet nås. Den nya kommittén för Miljö och Utveckling på campus genomför för tillfället inga handlingar i riktning mot en integrerad sophantering.

 

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Martinsson, Erik, Emil Martinsson, and Sören Säf. "IWESS, an integrated water, energy and sanitation solution : A holistic approach to reach sustainability trough organic waste management for the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-566.

Full text
Abstract:

The process of allocating necessary resources like clean water, fuel/energy and food have resulted in an unsustainable use of natural resources causing problems with Soil erosion, soil fertility, desertification, deforestation, eutrophication and global warming. The purpose of this study was to gain information on the functional design of a waste management system enabling the organic components of domestic waste to be processed as useful resources while at the same time allow them to be re-circulated. The main part of this study was carried out at the Kendu SDA Hospital in the Rachyonyo district in western Kenya. For the case of this study two main objectives where chosen. The first was to develop a principal technological solution using three classed “appropriate technologies” found suitable for the purpose namely biogas, ecological water treatment systems and slow sand filtration. The second was to further analyse each included technology to further develop their potential to fit the concept. Results from the pilot facilities where then to be retrieved from the actual component selection and construction process itself, with performance analysis left for future studies.

The main purpose of the biogas system study has been to evaluate the original ideas of overall concept, details, materials and construction methods. The 1 m3 biogas system has improved significantly during the development process and is today not far from an implementation, i.e. construction on a slightly larger scale. The biogas system developed during the project has proven to have potential for digestion of both latrine and kitchen waste. Using the two as fuel for the process does not only remove a problem – it grants several benefits.

The ecological waste water treatment system main objective was to design and construct a pilot SSF-wetland. Results show that the construction process for smaller scaled SSF systems is simple and does not require trained personnel or specialized equipment and that significant cost reduction can be made by using locally available materials.

The slow sand filtration sub system concept is called PT SCX and though still in the stage of development proved to have great potential concerning both efficiency and sustainability. The PT SCX comprises the advantages of slow sand filtration with further development of individual system solutions. It was adapted to enable both integration to the IWESS solution and stand alone installations purifying even highly turbid surface water sources to drinking water quality.

The result from the study confirms the suitability of the three included technologies, ecological waste water treatment, biogas and slow sand filtration to work in an integrated system called IWESS- Integrated Water Energy and Sanitation Solution. The combined subsystems can together with source separated sewage offer full resource recovery enabling recirculation of both nutrients and water. In addition the system can be designed as a net producer of renewable and emission free energy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Karlsson, Ulrika. "Environmental levels of thallium : Influence of redox properties and anthropogenic sources." Doctoral thesis, Örebro : Örebro universitetsbibliotek, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-356.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Gunawan, David Oon Tao Electrical Engineering &amp Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Musical instrument sound source separation." Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41751.

Full text
Abstract:
The structured arrangement of sounds in musical pieces, results in the unique creation of complex acoustic mixtures. The analysis of these mixtures, with the objective of estimating the individual sounds which constitute them, is known as musical instrument sound source separation, and has applications in audio coding, audio restoration, music production, music information retrieval and music education. This thesis principally addresses the issues related to the separation of harmonic musical instrument sound sources in single-channel mixtures. The contributions presented in this work include novel separation methods which exploit the characteristic structure and inherent correlations of pitched sound sources; as well as an exploration of the musical timbre space, for the development of an objective distortion metric to evaluate the perceptual quality of separated sources. The separation methods presented in this work address the concordant nature of musical mixtures using a model-based paradigm. Model parameters are estimated for each source, beginning with a novel, computationally efficient algorithm for the refinement of frequency estimates of the detected harmonics. Harmonic tracks are formed, and overlapping components are resolved by exploiting spectro-temporal intra-instrument dependencies, integrating the spectral and temporal approaches which are currently employed in a mutually exclusive manner in existing systems. Subsequent to the harmonic magnitude extraction using this method, a unique, closed-loop approach to source synthesis is presented, separating sources by iteratively minimizing the aggregate error of the sources, constraining the minimization to a set of estimated parameters. The proposed methods are evaluated independently, and then are placed within the context of a source separation system, which is evaluated using objective and subjective measures. The evaluation of music source separation systems is presently limited by the simplicity of objective measures, and the extensive effort required to conduct subjective evaluations. To contribute to the development of perceptually relevant evaluations, three psychoacoustic experiments are also presented, exploring the perceptual sensitivity of timbre for the development of an objective distortion metric for timbre. The experiments investigate spectral envelope sensitivity, spectral envelope morphing and noise sensitivity.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Gao, Bin. "Single channel blind source separation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1300.

Full text
Abstract:
Single channel blind source separation (SCBSS) is an intensively researched field with numerous important applications. This research sets out to investigate the separation of monaural mixed audio recordings without relying on training knowledge. This research proposes a novel method based on variable regularised sparse nonnegative matrix factorization which decomposes an information-bearing matrix into two-dimensional convolution of factor matrices that represent the spectral basis and temporal code of the sources. In this work, a variational Bayesian approach has been developed for computing the sparsity parameters of the matrix factorization. To further improve the previous work, this research proposes a new method based on decomposing the mixture into a series of oscillatory components termed as the intrinsic mode functions (IMF). It is shown that IMFs have several desirable properties unique to SCBSS problem and how these properties can be advantaged to relax the constraints posed by the problem. In addition, this research develops a novel method for feature extraction using psycho-acoustic model. The monaural mixed signal is transformed to a cochleagram using the gammatone filterbank, whose bandwidths increase incrementally as the center frequency increases; thus resulting to non-uniform time-frequency (TF) resolution in the analysis of audio signal. Within this domain, a family of Itakura-Saito (IS) divergence based novel two-dimensional matrix factorization has been developed. The proposed matrix factorizations have the property of scale invariant which enables lower energy components in the cochleagram to be treated with equal importance as the high energy ones. Results show that all the developed algorithms presented in this thesis have outperformed conventional methods.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Darsono, Abd Majid. "Statistical single channel source separation." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2182.

Full text
Abstract:
Single channel source separation (SCSS) principally is one of the challenging fields in signal processing and has various significant applications. Unlike conventional SCSS methods which were based on linear instantaneous model, this research sets out to investigate the separation of single channel in two types of mixture which is nonlinear instantaneous mixture and linear convolutive mixture. For the nonlinear SCSS in instantaneous mixture, this research proposes a novel solution based on a two-stage process that consists of a Gaussianization transform which efficiently compensates for the nonlinear distortion follow by a maximum likelihood estimator to perform source separation. For linear SCSS in convolutive mixture, this research proposes new methods based on nonnegative matrix factorization which decomposes a mixture into two-dimensional convolution factor matrices that represent the spectral basis and temporal code. The proposed factorization considers the convolutive mixing in the decomposition by introducing frequency constrained parameters in the model. The method aims to separate the mixture into its constituent spectral-temporal source components while alleviating the effect of convolutive mixing. In addition, family of Itakura-Saito divergence has been developed as a cost function which brings the beneficial property of scale-invariant. Two new statistical techniques are proposed, namely, Expectation-Maximisation (EM) based algorithm framework which maximizes the log-likelihood of a mixed signals, and the maximum a posteriori approach which maximises the joint probability of a mixed signal using multiplicative update rules. To further improve this research work, a novel method that incorporates adaptive sparseness into the solution has been proposed to resolve the ambiguity and hence, improve the algorithm performance. The theoretical foundation of the proposed solutions has been rigorously developed and discussed in details. Results have concretely shown the effectiveness of all the proposed algorithms presented in this thesis in separating the mixed signals in single channel and have outperformed others available methods.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Separation of waste at source"

1

Ontario. Ministry of Environment and Energy. A guide to source separation of recyclable materials and leaf and yard waste systems for municipalities, as required under Ontario Regulation 101/94. Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ontario. Ministry of Environment and Energy. A guide to source separation of recyclable materials and leaf and yard waste systems for municipalities, as required under Ontario Regulation 101/94. Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Energy, Ontario Ministry of Environment and. A guide to source separation of recyclable materials for industrial, commercial and institutional sectors and multi-unit residential buildings, as required under Ontario regulation 103/94. Toronto: Ministry of Environment and Energy, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ontario. Ministry of Environment and Energy. A guide to source separation of recyclable materials for industrial, commercial and institutional sectors and multi-unit residential buildings, as required under Ontario regulation 103/94. Toronto: Ministry of Environment and Energy, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Recicloscopio III: Miradas sobre recuperadores urbanos, formas organizativas y circuitos de valorización de residuos en América Latina. [Munro, Buenos Aires?]: Ediciones Ciccus, 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Environment, New Jersey Legislature Senate Committee on Energy and. Public hearing before Senate Energy and Environment Committee on Senate Bill 2740 (revises Statewide Mandatory Source Separation and Recycling Act): November 2, 1988, Council Chambers, Paramus Borough Hall, Paramus, New Jersey. [Trenton, N.J.]: The Committee, 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Naik, Ganesh R., and Wenwu Wang, eds. Blind Source Separation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55016-4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Makino, Shoji, ed. Audio Source Separation. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73031-8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Yu, Xianchuan, Dan Hu, and Jindong Xu. Blind Source Separation. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons, Singapore Pte. Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118679852.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Xiang, Yong, Dezhong Peng, and Zuyuan Yang. Blind Source Separation. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-227-2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Separation of waste at source"

1

Dornack, Christina. "Waste Policy for Source Separation in Germany." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 3–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_114.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Siegrist, Robert L. "Water Use Efficiency and Waste Stream Source Separation." In Decentralized Water Reclamation Engineering, 141–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40472-1_4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Taweepreda, Wirach. "Separation and Characterization of Minerals from Centrifuged Waste Latex Sludge." In From Sources to Solution, 481–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-70-2_86.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Long, Yuyang, and Dongsheng Shen. "The Effect of Source Separation on the Waste Disposal Process: Case Study in Hangzhou." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 199–226. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_31.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Marmolejo-Rebellón, Luis Fernando, Edgar Ricardo Oviedo-Ocaña, and Patricia Torres-Lozada. "Organic Waste Composting at Versalles: An Alternative That Contributes to the Economic, Social and Environmental Well-Being of Stakeholders." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 147–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_7.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractComposting is one of the most widely used technologies for the recovery and use of organic waste from municipal solid waste (MSW); however, its implementation in some developing countries has mostly been ineffective. This chapter documents the experience of the composting of municipal organic waste in the urban area of ​the municipality of Versalles, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Within the locality, composting of organic waste occurs at an MSW management plant (SWMP), after being separated at the source and selectively collected. The information presented was generated through collaborative research projects, conducted with the cooperation of Camino Verde APC (a community-based organisation providing sanitation services) and Universidad del Valle (Cali, Colombia). The evaluations undertaken show that (i) within the locality, high rates of separation, at the source, in conjunction with selective collection and efficient waste sorting and classification processes in the SWMP, have significantly facilitated the composting process; (ii) the incorporation of locally available amendment or bulking materials (e.g. star grass and cane bagasse) improves the physicochemical quality of the processed organic waste and favours development (i.e. a reduction in process time), leading to an improvement in product quality; (iii) the operation, maintenance and monitoring of the composting process can be carried out by previously trained local human talent; and (iv) revenues from the sale of the final product (compost) are not sufficient to cover the operating costs of the composting process. Despite this current lack of financial viability, the application of technology entails environmental benefits (e.g. a reduction in the generation of greenhouse gases) and social benefits (e.g. employment opportunities), which, given the conditions in the municipality studied, highlight the relevance of this technological option.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Machado, Cristian Rivera, and Hiroshan Hettiarachchi. "Composting as a Municipal Solid Waste Management Strategy: Lessons Learned from Cajicá, Colombia." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 17–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_2.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractMunicipal solid waste (MSW) generated in developing countries usually contains a high percentage of organic material. When not properly managed, organic waste is known for creating many environmental issues. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil and water contamination, and air pollution are a few examples. On the other hand, proper and sustainable management of organic waste can not only bring economic gains but also reduce the waste volume that is sent for final disposal. Composting is one such recovery method, in which the end product – compost – eventually helps the agricultural industry, and other sectors, making the process an excellent example of nexus thinking in integrated management of environmental resources. The aim of this chapter is to discuss how Cajicá, a small city in Colombia, approached this issue in a methodical way to eventually became one of the leading organic waste composting examples in the whole world, as recognised by the United Nations Environment Programme in 2017. Cajicá launched a source separation and composting initiative called Green Containers Program (GCP) in 2008, based on a successful pilot project conducted in 2005. The organic waste separated at source collected from households, commercial entities, schools, and universities are brought to a privately operated composting plant chosen by the city to produce compost. The compost plant sells compost to the agricultural sector. The participants in the GCP could also receive a bag of compost every 2 months as a token of appreciation. The Cajicá case presents us with many lessons of good practice, not only in the sustainable management of waste but also in stakeholder engagement. It specifically shows how stakeholders should be brought together for long-lasting collaboration and the benefits to society. Finding the correct business model for the project, efforts made in educating the future generation, and technology adaptation to local conditions are also seen as positive experiences that others can learn from in the case of Cajicá’s GCP. Some of the concerns and potential threats observed include the high dependency GCP has on two institutions: the programme financially depends completely on the municipality, and the composting operation depends completely on one private facility. GCP will benefit from having contingency plans to reduce the risk of having these high dependencies.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Mutezo, Gamuchirai, Jean Mulopo, and Dumisani Chirambo. "Climate Change Adaptation: Opportunities for Increased Material Recycling Facilities in African Cities." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 849–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_61.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractAfrica’s urban morphology is expected to develop at a steady rate between 2020 and 2050. Population growth, rising urbanization rates, growing energy consumption, and industrialization are only a few of the reasons causing these changes. Likewise, waste production is projected to rise from 125 million tons in 2012 to 244 million tons annually by 2025. Around 60.0% and 80.0% of African waste is made up of organic material, which is a viable methane source. Fly tipping, free disposal, landfilling, and incineration have been used as a large-scale waste treatment system in most African cities. However, with the anticipated morphological changes, these solutions are no longer viable in the future due to lack of airspace, availability of urban land for new landfill sites, and concerns over carbon emissions. This chapter discusses the potential for improved adoption of material recycling facilities (MRF) in urban environments as an incentive to support waste diversion from landfills, decentralize waste separation activities, and increase the transformation of waste materials into valuable raw materials. A case study is discussed for Ethiopia, Ghana, and South Africa with the goal of explaining current processes, urban planning initiatives required for greater implementation, and how they can be interpreted as adaptation initiatives.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Jang, Gil-Jin, and Te-Won Lee. "Monaural Source Separation." In Blind Speech Separation, 339–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6479-1_12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Evangelista, G., S. Marchand, M. D. Plumbley, and E. Vincent. "Sound Source Separation." In DAFX: Digital Audio Effects, 551–88. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119991298.ch14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Cong, Fengyu. "Blind Source Separation." In EEG Signal Processing and Feature Extraction, 117–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9113-2_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Separation of waste at source"

1

Lei, Feng, Raninger Bernhard, Run-dong Li, and Yan-ji Li. "The Study on PAHs and AOX of Source Separation Household Organic Waste and Composting Production." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (ICBBE '08). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.545.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Venezia, Domenico, Samuel Joshi, Michael Van Brunt, and Andrew Szurgot. "Energy-From-Waste and Dioxin Emission Control: Is There a Role for PVC Separation?" In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3539.

Full text
Abstract:
The role that chlorine and polyvinyl chlorine (PVC) plays in dioxin emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion has been studied and debated for 25 years. Despite energy-from-waste (EfW) facilities’ dramatic emission reductions following implementation of USEPA’s Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Guidelines, the PVC/dioxin relationship remains a source of controversy. The issue is whether removal of PVC from waste to be combusted will result in further dioxin emission reductions, as waste separation proponents allege. This paper uses the large volume of post-MACT emission testing data to describe the relationship between MSW chlorine content and dioxin emissions at operating EfW facilities and thereby determines whether PVC separation is likely to be an effective component of a dioxin emission reduction strategy. The paper also shows chlorine and PVC contents and trends in MSW, reviews dioxin formation/destruction/collection mechanisms in EfW facilities, and presents emission data as a function of EfW facility designs. The paper concludes that dioxin emissions at existing EfW facilities are insensitive to MSW chlorine content and that pre-combustion PVC removal offers no discernable emission reduction benefit.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Yinon, Lital, Nickolas J. Themelis, and V. Faye McNeill. "Ultrafine Particles From WTE and Other Combustion Sources." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3581.

Full text
Abstract:
The size of combustion generated particles ranges from a few nanometers up to 1 micron, whereas the size of naturally occurring PM such as pollens, plant fragments, and sea salt is generally larger than 1 micron. Particles generated by photochemical processes in the atmosphere are generally smaller than 1 micron. Ultrafine particles (UFP), also called “nanoparticles”, are <0.1 micron and in recent yearshave attracted attention due to potential adverse health effects associated with them. The contribution of UFP to the total PM mass is very small. However, they dominate the total number of particles in urban aerosols. Their sources are both mobile and stationary combustion sources and also gas-to-particle conversions. In coal and waste combustion systems, UFP are hypothesized to be generated mainly by nucleation of metal vapors. Coal naturally contains a vast range of inorganic elements among which are heavy metals. Sources of heavy metals in MSW include batteries, electronic devices, light bulbs, house dust and paint chips, food containers, used motor oils, plastics, yard wastes and some papers. The input of these metals into WTE facilities can be controlled by better source-separation of metal-containing materials. In 2007 almost 50% of the approximately 4.16 billion MWh generated in the United States was produced by coal power plants whereas only 0.3% was generated by the WTE industry. A preliminary study has shown that in terms of contribution to UHF in the atmosphere, MSW combustion has a minor effect in comparison to coal-fired power plants in the U.S. This paper will report on the results of this investigation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Yuan, Song, Zhiyun Qu, Wenxiong Huang, Ran Yin, and Dandan Huang. "Research on feasibility of RDF producing by source separation of rural solid waste — Taking eastern Shandong district for example." In 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceceng.2011.6058216.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Valovage, Mark. "Machine Learning Approaches to Reduce Electrical Waste and Improve Power Grid Stability." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/839.

Full text
Abstract:
My research contributions are summarized as follows: In electricity disaggregation, I introduced the first label correction approach for supervised training samples. For unsupervised disaggregation, I introduced event detection that does not require parameter tuning and appliance discovery that makes no assumptions on appliance types. These improvements produce better accuracy, faster computation, and more scalability than any previously introduced method and can be applied to natural gas disaggregation, water disaggregation, and other source separation domains. My current work challenges long-held assumptions in time series shapelets, a classification tool with applicability in electrical time series and dozens of additional domains.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Eslami-Nejad, Parham, and Y. Saboohi. "Optimal Model of Solid Waste Technology Assessment." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80968.

Full text
Abstract:
Review of waste management models indicate that optimization models based on the chain of waste flow are developed and applied in waste management systems. These models do represent the flow of material through few stages and they lack an integrated approach that may include the flow of material from the point of waste generation in different sectors till the end point at the land fill. It is also argued that the existing models do rarely consider the interrelated issues of economics, environment and social aspects. This conclusion has been followed by the development of an integrated multi stage and multi period dynamic model of waste flow based on quasi dynamic optimization techniques. The model has then been applied to study the development of solid waste flow system in a limited district as a case study. The results of the case study reveal that the distributed separation, processing and transformation waste technologies at the source point in different sectors do have considerable impact on the economical and environmental impact of waste flow system. The results show that inclusion of distributed waste processing systems in the model, as an option, leads to reduced total discounted costs of the whole system and the emission of pollutants is decreased.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Pokhitonov, Yu, V. Romanovski, and P. Rance. "Distribution of Palladium During Spent Fuel Reprocessing." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4766.

Full text
Abstract:
The principal purpose of spent fuel reprocessing consists in the recovery of the uranium and plutonium and the separation of fission products so as to allow re-use of fissile and fertile isotopes and facilitate disposal of waste elements. Amongst the fission products present in spent nuclear fuel of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs,) there are considerable quantities of platinum group metals (PGMs): ruthenium, rhodium and palladium. Given current predictions for nuclear power generation, it is predicted that the quantities of palladium to be accumulated by the middle of this century will be comparable with those of the natural sources, and the quantities of rhodium in spent nuclear fuel may even exceed those in natural sources. These facts allow one to consider spent nuclear fuel generated by NPPs as a potential source for creation of a strategic stock of platinum group metals. Despite of a rather strong prediction of growth of palladium consumption, demand for “reactor” palladium in industry should not be expected because it contains a long-lived radioactive isotope 107Pd (half-life 6,5·105 years) and will thus be radioactive for a very considerable period, which, naturally, restricts its possible applications. It is presently difficult to predict all the areas for potential use of “reactor” palladium in the future, but one can envisage that the use of palladium in radwaste reprocessing technology (e.g. immobilization of iodine-129 and trans-plutonium elements) and in the hydrogen energy cycle may play a decisive role in developing the demand for this metal. Realization of platinum metals recovery operation before HLW vitrification will also have one further benefit, namely to simplify the vitrification process, because platinum group metals may in certain circumstances have adverse effects on the vitrification process. The paper will report data on platinum metals (PGM) distribution in spent fuel reprocessing products and the different alternatives of palladium separation flowsheets from HLW are presented. It is shown, that spent fuel dissolution conditions can affect the palladium distribution between solution and insoluble precipitates. The most important factors, which determine the composition and the yield of residues resulting from fuel dissolution, are the temperature and acid concentration. Apparently, a careful selection of fuel dissolution process parameters would make it possible to direct the main part of palladium to the 1st cycle raffinate together with the other fission products. In the authors’ opinion, the development of an efficient technology for palladium recovery requires the conception of a suitable flow-sheet and the choice of optimal regimes of “reactor” palladium recovery concurrently with the resolution of the problem of HLW partitioning when using the same facilities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Vilms, Monica, and Oliver Kalda. "Introduction of a New Waste Sorting and Collection System at a University." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.059.

Full text
Abstract:
Nowadays the usage of source separation waste collection system is essential for all organisations. This paper describes a case of introduction of such a system at a university of applied sciences (UAS) in Tallinn. The project started in September 2015. The main goals of the project were to reduce the number of garbage cans in the UAS, reduce the amount of unsorted household waste and inform the school community about the significance of waste sorting and relevant environmental matters. The first step of the project was to execute a full waste audit in UAS to identify precise waste quantities which occurred on daily basis. During the week the environmental technology students weighed and sorted all the waste in all premises of the UAS. Based on the collected data, the new system comprised of 19 waste collection points with sorting instructions and adequate volume. The total number of garbage cans was reduced by 46% and mixed household garbage cans by 72%. The final step was to analyse the efficiency of the new waste collection arrangements. Results showed that the new system was well accepted and 80–85% of waste was sorted and collected in the new waste collection points.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Yasuike, Y., S. Iwasa, K. Suzuki, H. Kobayashi, O. Amano, and Nobuaki Sato. "Recycle of Zr Metal From Hull Wastes by Treatment of Chlorination and Metalization." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4626.

Full text
Abstract:
This research evaluated the applicability of chlorination reaction treatment as processing technology to recover Zr metal which becomes reusable resources from radioactive Zr metal wastes. The typical waste generates from reprocessing facilities, and the main component of waste is a zirconium alloy containing 90–95% of Zr. At first, the volatility of ZrCl4 produced by the chlorination reaction of Zircaloy-2 was theoretically calculated with thermodynamic simulation code. The estimation showed that Zr could be effectively separated and recovered from this alloy by the difference of volatility in each element chloride. The chlorination reaction of metal proceeds as an exothermic reaction and the control of the reaction temperature is an important condition in order to perform optimal Zr separation recovery. The chlorination reaction of Zircaloy-2 was carried out in the low-temperature ranges of 220°C–320°C, and Zr separation performance was experimentally obtained. Zr and Sn (1.5wt% content in Zircaloy-2) volatilize 100% as chlorides at 270°C or higher temperature. The amounts of volatilization of Cr and Ni are 5% and 0.1% or less, respectively. Such volatile ability is well in agreement with the result of thermodynamic calculation quantitatively. The volatile behavior of Fe (0.2wt% or less content) in Zircaloy-2 is influenced by the product of FeCl2 which is due to the heat decomposition of FeCl3 with larger volatility, and the experimental volatility is smaller than the theoretical one. 60Co produced in the radioactivated Co by neutron radiation is a highest radioactivity source in the hull waste and it should be completely separated and removed from the recovered Zr chloride. In this study, the metal powder of Co was used to measure the volatility, because the content of Co in Zircaloy-2 is very small quantity (20 ppm or less), The obtained volatility was a hundredth of the volatility of thermodynamics calculation. U and Cs also intermingle in the hull wastes by the solid solution or the adhesion of uranium fuel. The volatility of Cs and U in the chlorination reaction at 270°C was measured by using CsCl, and UO2 in the coexistence of Zircaloy-2. The volatility of UO2 and CsCl was 4times and thousand times higher than that without the alloy, respectively. The exothermic reaction in the chlorination of metal was inferred. However, the volatility did not influence the effective ability of decontamination for the recovered Zr chloride. In order to recover the high-level decontaminated Zr chloride from radioactive nuclides, it is necessary to efficiently remove radioactive nuclides, which are the sources of high radioactivity due to 60Co, 63Ni and 137Cs. It was evaluated that a chemical addition treatment in which the amounts of radioactive nuclides relatively decreases by the amounts of radioactive nuclides relatively decreases by the amount of added stable isotopes of chemical compound was a effective treatment, on basis of the calculation of volatility of each element. The addition treatment of chemical compound performs in the distillation of Zr chloride obtained by the chlorination of hull waste. This study showed that a basic process of the high-level decontaminated Zr recovery consists of the two-step process of both chlorination reaction of the hull waste and distillation treatment of Zr chloride in addition of chemical compound.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Robinson, Megan, and Zoya Popovic. "SCALABLE MICROWAVE WASTE-TO-FUEL CONVERSION." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9839.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper presents an efficiency study for scalable microwave waste management. When waste with carbon content is subjected to volume power densities on the order of 0.25W/cm3 at GHz frequencies, it converts to solid coke fuel with oil and gas bi-products that can further be processed for fuel, leaving no trace. For an efficient process, a well-controlled uniform RF field should be maintained in a non-uniform and time-variable material. We are developing a 2.45-GHz active microwave cavity with solid-state (GaN) spatially power combined sources for lower volumes, Fig.1. In the energy balance calculations, the input energy into the system consists of the waste chemical energy and the DC electrical energy used to obtain the RF power with an efficiency that can reach 70% for kW power levels. The efficiency of RF power conversion to heat in the waste mass is calculated from full-wave simulations for typical waste mixtures and ranges from 10 to 90% depending on the material and cavity filling. The output energy estimates are collected from various pyrolysis process descriptions, e.g. [1], with the total energy being that of the solid fuel (35MJ/kg) and oil caloric values, e.g. 40MJ/kg for plastics and about 10-15MJ/kg for nonplastics [2]. A byproduct is flue gas which can be converted to Syngas [3]. The total worse-case carbon footprint balance (0.3-3) calculations will be presented. Fig. 1. Block diagram of active microwave cavity for waste to fuel conversion. References D. Czajczyńska, “Potential of pyrolysis processes in the waste management sector,” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, vol. 3, p. 171. Sept., 2017. J.A. Onwudili, “Composition of products from the pyrolysis of polyethylene and polystyrene in a closed batch reactor: effects of temperature and residence time,” Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 86 p. 293–303. Nov., 2009. S. Chunshan, "Tri-reforming of methane: a novel concept for synthesis of industrially useful synthesis gas with desired H2/CO ratios using CO2 in flue gas of power plants without CO2 separation." Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem 49, no. 1 (2004): 128.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Separation of waste at source"

1

Gavette, K. The impact of source separation on municipal waste-to-energy project feasibility. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5977573.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Monck, Sandra, Alicia Bohorquez, and Jennifer Olson. Source Separation Study for Cedar Rapids' Residential Population. University of Iowa, May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/wa2a-y49e.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Wood, Craig, Jonathan Halpern, Ralph Wrons, Anita Reiser, Michael du Mond, and Matthew Shain. Supplemental Information Source Document Waste Management. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1173192.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Glasgow, D. G., and E. B. Kennel. Separation of Metal Ions from Liquid Waste Streams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/876749.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Arthur E. Desrosiers, ScD, CHP, ScD Robert Kaiser, Jason Antkowiak, Justin Desrosiers, Josh Jondro, and Adam Kulczyk. SEPARATION AND EXTRACTION OF PLUTONIUM IN MIXED WASTE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821144.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Appelhans, A. D., J. E. Olson, D. A. Dahl, and M. B. Ward. High efficiency noble gas electron impact ion source for isotope separation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1364478.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Castrodad, Alexey, Zhengming Xing, John Greer, Edward Bosch, Lawrence Carin, and Guillermo Sapiro. Learning Discriminative Sparse Models for Source Separation and Mapping of Hyperspectral Imagery. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada540881.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Xu, Pengfei, and Yinjie Jia. Blind Source Separation for Chirp Signals Based on the Local Quadratic Regression Smoothing. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.11.13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Meeks, A. M., J. M. Keller, J. M. Giaquinto, and T. Ross. Improved separation techniques for the characterization of radioactive waste samples. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/28208.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Strauss, S. H. Separation of technetium from nuclear waste stream simulants. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/28229.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Separation of waste at source' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography