Journal articles: 'Separation of waste at source'

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Wei, Ran, and Shi Yong Sun. "Source Separation Research of Municipal Solid Waste." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3609.

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An enormous amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) has increasingly become a threat for many cities around the world. As an effective method of waste disposal, source separation program of MSW is concerned by more and more researchers across disciplines with other waste management options for the purpose of abating degradation in urban environment. The purpose of this article is to present the achievements of theoretical and empirical studies in the field of source-separation programs around the world in recent years, which may provide a new insight of environmental problems into decision making of governments and citizens.

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Jank, Anna, Wolfgang Müller, Irene Schneider, Frederic Gerke, and Anke Bockreis. "Waste Separation Press (WSP): A mechanical pretreatment option for organic waste from source separation." Waste Management 39 (May 2015): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.02.024.

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Ma, Jing Ying, Jian Yi Zhan, and Yue Jun Zhang. "Municipal Solid Waste Management Practice in China - A Case Study in Hangzhou." Advanced Materials Research 878 (January 2014): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.23.

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The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) in China is facing urgent problems with rapid industrialization and urbanization. This article focused on the status of Hangzhou, capital city of Zhejiang province, China. The regulations, policies, implementation, barriers and solutions about source separation, separate collection, clean & direct transportation, treatment and disposal were introduced. Source separation, separate collection and clean & direct transportation were seriously carried out from 2010. MSW was classified into four kinds, such as kitchen waste, hazardous waste, recyclable waste and other waste. Four kinds of wastes were collected, transported, treated and disposed, respectively. At the same time, a questionnaire survey was conducted in 2011 on 200 households in Xiasha and Gongshu Districts in Hangzhou. The results indicate that many citizens cannot effectively and correctly separated different kinds of solid wastes. Kitchen waste was directly disposed in landfill, because there is no composting plant in Hangzhou City. The collection of recoverable waste and hazardous waste was not in control of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) system. In order to optimize MSWM system in Hangzhou, the government and the citizen must make efforts in source separation, comprehensive treatment system, effective regulations and policies.

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Kawai, Kosuke, and Luong Thi Mai Huong. "Key parameters for behaviour related to source separation of household organic waste: A case study in Hanoi, Vietnam." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 3 (January 18, 2017): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16683441.

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Proper management of food waste, a major component of municipal solid waste (MSW), is needed, especially in developing Asian countries where most MSW is disposed of in landfill sites without any pretreatment. Source separation can contribute to solving problems derived from the disposal of food waste. An organic waste source separation and collection programme has been operated in model areas in Hanoi, Vietnam, since 2007. This study proposed three key parameters (participation rate, proper separation rate and proper discharge rate) for behaviour related to source separation of household organic waste, and monitored the progress of the programme based on the physical composition of household waste sampled from 558 households in model programme areas of Hanoi. The results showed that 13.8% of 558 households separated organic waste, and 33.0% discharged mixed (unseparated) waste improperly. About 41.5% (by weight) of the waste collected as organic waste was contaminated by inorganic waste, and one-third of the waste disposed of as organic waste by separators was inorganic waste. We proposed six hypothetical future household behaviour scenarios to help local officials identify a final or midterm goal for the programme. We also suggested that the city government take further actions to increase the number of people participating in separating organic waste, improve the accuracy of separation and prevent non-separators from discharging mixed waste improperly.

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Sobhan, N., M. Ahmad, MA Baten, N. Sultana, and MS Hossen. "Study on source separation of wastage and its management on the households in some selected wards of Mymensingh municipality." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 6, no. 2 (February 11, 2015): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i2.22100.

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The Present study was conducted in selected wards in Mymensingh municipality during the period of March- October, 2009 to know the existing condition of waste separation and its management ensuring better waste management practices. The study was performed with 100 respondents from 4, 6, 8 no. of wards in the Mymensingh municipality. Data related to characteristics of respondents as well as waste separation were collected using a questionnaire after testing and finalizing .The respondents involved in the study were maximum in middle aged (21-50 year) having the educational qualification in HSC level. The study also revealed that maximum respondents were with TK 10001-20000 as annual income having the family size within 5- 7 members. Maximum respondents in the study area were also involving the profession as business. The waste generation was higher with the increasing with the family members. In the study area waste separation approaches showed that among the separated waste, vegetable & fruit waste measured in the highest in case of solid kitchen waste having percentage as 64.80% compared to other types of wastes. The knowledge of waste separation was studied where it was observed that 20% respondent was well known with the facilities of waste separation. Most of The respondents also opinioned that they kept waste in containers and daily collection of waste preferably onto personal organization may be ensured better waste management.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i2.22100 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(2): 79-82 2013

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Chui Teo, Carol Boon, Azra Syakira Abdul Karim, Nur Afieqah Mamud, and Wan Norhanis Hanini Wan Abdul Hamid. "SOURCE WASTE SEPARATION BEHAVIOR AMONG SHAH ALAM HOUSEHOLDS." Management and Accounting Review (MAR) 17, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mar.v17i3.792.

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One of the main contentious recycling issues in Malaysia is household solid waste management. With solid waste buildup and bottlenecks reaching its limit at landfills, local councils face uphill tasks to manage it. Solid source waste separation (SWS) for households was first officially enforced across eight states in Malaysia on 1 June 2016. However, Selangor has yet to enforce this system and is left to selected local councils to embark on pilot projects. It has been iterated that Selangor which has the largest population in Malaysia should adopt the law on mandatory SWS for households as it is already facing a garbage disposal crisis. Previous studies have been documented on recycling behavior but few delve into SWS. This paper examines household behavior towards SWS intention at Shah Alam. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, influences of attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN) and perceived behavior control (PBC) towards SWS were determined. Methodology utilized interviews with two local councils and observations on household recycling behavior. Survey was administered on 150 households. Using PLS analysis, results indicate ATT and PBC have positive and significant influences on SWS intention while subjective norm was not significant. Findings had some implications on strategies for local councils in managing SWS system. Keywords: Recycling, source waste separation, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control

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Razavian, F., B. Khoshmanesh, and S. Izadyar. "Participation of people in waste source separation program." Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 8, no. 2 (August 22, 2016): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v8i2s.148.

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Wang, Keqiang, Jianglin Lu, and Hongmei Liu. "Residents’ waste source separation behaviours in Shanghai, China." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 23, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 937–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-021-01179-7.

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Oduro-Kwarteng, S., K. P. Anarfi, and H. M. K. Essandoh. "Source separation and recycling potential of municipal solid waste in Ghana." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 27, no. 2 (March 14, 2016): 210–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-03-2015-0038.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the waste characteristics and separation efficiency of source separation of household waste in low- and middle-income communities in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 60 households participated in the household survey, education on source separation and pilot source separation exercise. The solid waste was sorted into six fractions and three recycling categories (biodegradable; paper and plastic; residue). Findings – The mean generation rate of solid waste was 0.52±0.26 kg/per capita/day for the low-income community and 0.65±0.27 kg/per capita/day for the middle-income community. The waste fractions in the communities (low, middle income) were biodegradable organics (59.15, 65.68 per cent), plastics (11.01, 10.68 per cent), papers (3.15, 4.51 per cent), glass (0.89, 2.57 per cent), metals (0.96, 4.63 per cent) and miscellaneous (24.84, 11.93 per cent), respectively. The separation efficiency for organic category was 70 per cent, inorganic and residue was over 69 per cent and the paper and plastics was over 60 per cent. Research limitations/implications – The study suggests that the success of source separation programme hinges on education and economic incentives. It was noted that the sample size could be increased to enhance the accuracy of the data for prediction purpose. Practical implications – The findings showed there is potential for recycling through source separation programme in low-and middle-income communities. Public education and economic incentives are necessary for successful source separation programme. Originality/value – The paper provides insight into source separation to contribute to better understanding of how city authorities in developing countries could take advantage of economic incentives to scale-up recycling.

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Chen, Feiyu, Hong Chen, Meifen Wu, Shanshan Li, and Ruyin Long. "Research on the Driving Mechanism of Waste Separation Behavior: Based on Qualitative Analysis of Chinese Urban Residents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (May 27, 2019): 1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101859.

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Waste source separation is the fundamental premise to ensure effective waste recycling. Whether the entire waste recycling and reduction process can be effectively carried out depends on the waste source separation. Clarifying the driving mechanism of waste separation behavior plays an important role in effectively guiding the urban residents’ waste separation behavior and achieving waste recycling. In this study, qualitative analysis was used to explore the driving mechanism of waste separation behavior. Through the open coding, axial coding and selective coding of the in-depth interview data collected from 323 Chinese urban residents, the study has proposed and verified the four-dimensional structure of waste separation behavior, namely, waste separation behavior of habit, decision, relationship, and citizen. The main driving factors of urban residents’ waste separation behavior have been clarified. On this basis, a theoretical model for the driving mechanism of waste separation behavior was constructed in this study. Ten main categories of factors have been presented, namely, value orientation, cognition of separation, regulatory focus, preferences for comfort, perception of separation empowerment, policy and standards, products and facilities, group norms, links trustworthiness, and social demography variables. Moreover, four typical relationship structures were proposed. Finally, the intervention policy suggestions were made to effectively guide the urban residents’ waste separation behavior.

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Alhassan, Hamdiyah, Felix Ankomah Asante, Martin Oteng-Ababio, and Simon Bawakyillenuo. "Application of theory of planned behaviour to households’ source separation behaviour in Ghana." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 29, no. 4 (June 11, 2018): 704–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-10-2017-0122.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that encourage households’ source separation behaviour in Accra and Tamale Metropolises in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach Using a cross-sectional design, 855 households of Ghana were interviewed based on the theoretical framework of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The ordered probit regression model was employed to examine the factors that influence households’ source separation intention. Findings The results indicated that educational attainment of head of household, total income of household, occupation type of household head, information, past experience with source separation, inconvenience in terms of time, space and availability of formal source separation scheme, attitude, subjective norm and the location of the respondents significantly predicted households’ solid waste separation intentions. Research limitations/implications The cross-sectional design does not determine causality but an association. Thus, future studies should examine actual household waste separation behaviour by using the experimental design to test the TPB model. Practical implications To promote solid waste separation at source, the public should be educated and provided with solid waste separation schemes that are efficient and compatible with households’ preference. Originality/value This study was partly motivated by the fact that despite the benefits associated with source separation, little attention has been given to formal source separation in Ghana. Moreover, there are limited studies on source separation behaviour in Ghana using the TPB as the theoretical framework.

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Nakatani, Jun, Toshiya Aramaki, and Keisuke Hanaki. "Evaluating source separation of plastic waste using conjoint analysis." Waste Management 28, no. 11 (November 2008): 2393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.11.010.

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Bernstad, Anna, Jes la Cour Jansen, and Henrik Aspegren. "Local strategies for efficient management of solid household waste – the full-scale Augustenborg experiment." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 30, no. 2 (July 11, 2011): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x11410113.

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A system with property-close source-separation of thirteen different solid household waste fractions in a residential area in southern Sweden, including the implementation of new systems for source-separation of food waste, waste electric and electronic equipment, hazardous waste and fat, oils and grease was monitored over a 2-year period. Continuous weighing of disposed waste and repeated waste composting analyses were used to investigate recycling behaviour of households in the area and to monitor the composition of disposed waste. Results show that 34% of the total amount of generated waste was currently diverted to material recycling. The removal of recyclables from residual waste could be significantly increased, as more than 80% of all waste in the area (bulky waste excluded) was either covered by the Producer Responsibility Ordinances on packaging and newspaper or constitutes food waste suitable for biogas production. Food waste still represented almost 30% of all residual waste in the study area and was thus the fraction with the greatest potential (on weight basis) for increased source-separation.

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Hörnlein, Stefanie, Simon Mehling, and Jörg Londong. "COMMUNICATING SOURCE SEPARATION OF URINE." Detritus, no. 14 (March 31, 2021): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2021.14061.

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One of the main issues regarding the implementation of source-separation-based sanitation systems is user acceptance, which is related directly to the state of knowledge of citizens. A communication platform for the exhibition and interactive information on the topic of resource-oriented sanitation (ROS) was developed as part of the P-BANK transdisciplinary project. The P-BANK platform is based on a toilet in the public space. The communication concept focusses on the actual use of the toilets and the surrounding nutrient cycle. The central object of the communication at the P-BANK, as its name suggests, is the macronutrient phosphorus. This simplification creates a symbolic effect which is supported by the ambiguity of the sound of the chemical symbol “P” for phosphorus in connection with urinating (to pee). Furthermore, this reduction aims at shortening the messages and simplifying the information transfer. In the first project phase, the transportable system was field-tested and evaluated in the context of the 100th anniversary of the Bauhaus in Weimar. After positive reviews and experiences concerning the performance of the technical facilities and the success of the communication concept, the P-BANK will be tested and evaluated in further awareness-raising campaigns.

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Zhuang, Ying, Song-Wei Wu, Yun-Long Wang, Wei-Xiang Wu, and Ying-Xu Chen. "Source separation of household waste: A case study in China." Waste Management 28, no. 10 (2008): 2022–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.08.012.

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Antwi, Boniface Yeboah, Joyce Koranteng, Samuel Odei, and Evelyn Anabila. "Determinants of an Effective Solid Wastes Collection at the Workplace: the Experience of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana." International Journal of Emerging Scientific Research 1 (December 31, 2020): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37121/ijesr.vol1.135.

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The inefficient collection of solid wastes is a global phenomenon that has received attention in recent years for the ever-increasing annual waste generation records. However, indicators to the effective application of the amassing routs are missing. Hence, the generally accepted source-sorting model was explored to identify the determinants that will enhance source separation of wastes at the workplace. This paper presents a foremost report on the indicators to an effective operation of solid wastes source segregation. A quantitatively examined data was collected in sixty-six working days during a monitoring and evaluation process of twenty sets of twin-dustbins that were located at the study area. The generated solid wastes were commonly sorted (65%) in comparison with the mixed collection. Most of the wastes were separated on the third month (80%) of education compared to the first (54%) and second months (61%). Wednesday displayed the working day with the utmost sorted wastes (73%) compared to the other days. All dustbins recorded impressive sorting at the different locations in the Institute. A little over one thousand Ghana cedis savings was made in the first year. Tested null hypothesis showed that, duration and timing of continuous education were significant determinants of the efficient source segregation, relative to the dustbin locations. Therefore, the daily education of waste generators on how to separate wastes at source and the economic benefits will enhance source separation irrespective of the location.

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Antwi, Boniface Yeboah, Joyce Koranteng, Samuel Odei, and Evelyn Anabila. "Determinants of an Effective Solid Wastes Collection at the Workplace: the Experience of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana." International Journal of Emerging Scientific Research 1 (December 31, 2020): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37121/ijesr.vol1.135.

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The inefficient collection of solid wastes is a global phenomenon that has received attention in recent years for the ever-increasing annual waste generation records. However, indicators to the effective application of the amassing routs are missing. Hence, the generally accepted source-sorting model was explored to identify the determinants that will enhance source separation of wastes at the workplace. This paper presents a foremost report on the indicators to an effective operation of solid wastes source segregation. A quantitatively examined data was collected in sixty-six working days during a monitoring and evaluation process of twenty sets of twin-dustbins that were located at the study area. The generated solid wastes were commonly sorted (65%) in comparison with the mixed collection. Most of the wastes were separated on the third month (80%) of education compared to the first (54%) and second months (61%). Wednesday displayed the working day with the utmost sorted wastes (73%) compared to the other days. All dustbins recorded impressive sorting at the different locations in the Institute. A little over one thousand Ghana cedis savings was made in the first year. Tested null hypothesis showed that, duration and timing of continuous education were significant determinants of the efficient source segregation, relative to the dustbin locations. Therefore, the daily education of waste generators on how to separate wastes at source and the economic benefits will enhance source separation irrespective of the location.

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Ungureanu, George, Gabriela Ignat, Elena Leonte, Carmen Luiza Costuleanu, Sergiu Jitareanu, Dan Donosa, Eugen Teodorescu Soare, and Ioan Gabriel Sandu. "Management of Urban Organic Solid Waste Applied in Romanian Metropolitan City." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 6 (July 15, 2018): 1585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.6.6375.

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This paper explains the interest in urban organic solid wastes, the relevance of these wastes to municipal solid waste management, the main ways in which organics are reused, and the problem that arise from the wish to ensure safe and effec�tive reuse as part of sustainable development in cities in Romania. Wastes are substances resulting from biological or technological processes that can no longer be used as such, some of which are reusable. Dangerous substances are any substance or product which, when used in apparently non-hazardous quantities, concentrations or conditions, presents a significant risk to humans, the environment or material goods (eg explosives, oxidizing, flammable, toxic, harmful, corrosive, irritant, mutagenic. Urban administrations nowadays are seeking ways to divert organic wastes from municipal solid waste streams for a variety of reasons, as noted below. Recommenda�tions are made for separation at source so that safe composting can be carried out. Private companies are being encouraged to undertake composting, often via forms of public-private partnerships. More attention is being paid to the role of non-govern�mental organizations in promoting citizen awareness of organic waste issues, and co-operation with separation at source. This paper draws attention to the many informal ways that organic wastes are currently reused, which are rarely taken into account in official plans for managing organic wastes.

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Zhao, Liange, Jianfeng Zou, and Zhijian Zhang. "Does China’s Municipal Solid Waste Source Separation Program Work? Evidence from the Spatial-Two-Stage-Least Squares Models." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 23, 2020): 1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041664.

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This paper evaluates the impact of the second municipal solid waste (MSW) source separation program on municipal solid waste generation (MSWG) in China. Without considering the spatial interactions between cities, the second MSW source separation program has a nonsignificant adverse effect on the per capita municipal solid waste generation (PMSWG). Relaxing the stable-unit-treatment-value assumption (SUTVA), which holds in most of the previous estimation literature on treatment effects, involving the spatial spillover effect among cities, as well as correcting the endogenous local policy has a significantly negative but not robust impact on the PMSWG. The estimation results of the generalized nesting spatial regression models (GNS) imply that the spatial interaction characteristics among Chinese prefecture-level cities may, if neglected, lead to underestimation of the reduction effects of the second MSW source separation policy on the absolute amount of PMSWG. More importantly, our study indicates that although not all the spatial econometric models support the significant reduction effect of source separation on the absolute amount of PMSWG, the source separation program significantly reduces the relative amount of PMSWG, and this result is robust in all spatial models.

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Maragkaki, Angeliki, Ioannis Sampathianakis, Katerina Katrini, Eleni Michalodimitraki, C. Gryparis, V. Raptis, A. Power, et al. "Bio-waste to Bio-plastic (B2B): Production of Compostable Bio-Plastics from Food Waste." Proceedings 30, no. 1 (January 18, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030047.

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The degree of purity of materials recovered from municipal solid waste (MSW) depends mainly on the objective: the intended use of the recovered material and the cost to recover this material in its pure form, determined by the intensity of the effort and the technology involved. The Bio-waste to Bio-plastic (B2B) Project aims to develop an integrated separation process at the bio-waste source, focusing on Hospitality Units. The quality of the collected bio-waste will be upgraded by removing foreign bodies or even specific categories of food waste, or by adding bio-waste from other, more specialized, sources (e.g. bakery residues) to produce compostable bio-plastics through an optimal synthesis process. Compostable bio-plastics are high added value products, which justify an increase in the cost of the preceding processes. After examining the possibility of further source separation and its results, B2B will study the optimal collection and transport system which decisively affects many qualitative elements, testing and evaluating a relatively high-cost but highly effective solution, that of hand-sorting in order to optimize materials recovery. B2B will identify all the parameters of the production process of PLA monomers and (poly) lactic acid in relation to the quality characteristics of the raw material (bio-waste) collected from Hospitality Units. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of food waste (bio-waste) produced in Hospitality Units will then take place. All the above will be tested on a bench-scale unit that will allow their further study and their substantial improvement, as well as the extraction of realistic results. Finally, the effect of the end-product bio-plastic on the composting and anaerobic digestion of bio-waste will be examined. The expected results from the B2B implementation are an optimized source separation scheme for Hospitality Units, the identification of the appropriate method of upgrading the quality of residues collected for the purpose of bio-plastic production, and eventually an integrated process of converting bio-waste into a high added value product.

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Herrmann, Thilo, and Uwe Klaus. "Fluxes of nutrients in urban drainage systems: assessment of sources, pathways and treatment techniques." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 8-9 (October 1, 1997): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0661.

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On the basis of a literature study the sources and pathways of water, nitrogen and phosphor are identified. The mean annual load is related to the number of inhabitants and given in mass or volume per capita and year. The toilets are identified as predominant sources of N and P. 60% of nitrogen and 80% of phosphor are concentrated in 2 liters or 1% of the water flow. The drainage system is a diluting system. The introduction of waste water separation at the source is recognized to be most effective to improve the surface waters quality. Innovative source separating technologies are recommended for modern drainages' future.

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Ball, Robert. "Glass recycling by source separation from municipal wastes." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 4, no. 1-2 (August 1990): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-3449(90)90034-2.

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Zhang, Zhijian, and Xueyuan Wang. "Nudging to promote household waste source separation: Mechanisms and spillover effects." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 162 (November 2020): 105054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105054.

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Boser, Richard A., and Mohamed El-Gafy. "Accelerating Waste Minimization in Residential Construction: A Source Separation Case Study." International Journal of Construction Education and Research 7, no. 1 (March 2011): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15578771.2011.547063.

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Sarbassov, Sagalova, Tursunov, Venetis, Xenarios, and Inglezakis. "Survey on Household Solid Waste Sorting at Source in Developing Economies: A Case Study of Nur-Sultan City in Kazakhstan." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 18, 2019): 6496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226496.

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The exponential population growth in urban areas makes existing solid waste management policies and strategies challenging. The situation becomes more strenuous in fast-growing cities where increasing waste production can hardly be met by the capacity of existing facilities. Practices like waste prevention, recycling, reuse, and recovery are fundamental elements needed for the reduction of solid waste disposed in landfills, especially in fast-growing cities where more sustainable management practices need to be adopted. This study investigated the behavioral attitudes of citizens of the capital of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan (former Astana), towards household solid waste disposal and separation at the source. The survey was conducted through stratified random sampling during April and July of 2018 with the participation of 3281 respondents. It is the first attempt, to our knowledge, of assessing recycling trends in Kazakhstan from the household perspective. The results showed that 24% of respondents were already sorting household solid waste despite the absence of a separation system at the source. The study further demonstrated that separation at source could be effective if the local authorities were to introduce sound public awareness campaigns and install recycling bins in close proximity to residential buildings.

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Otten, Lambert. "Wetdry composting of organic municipal solid waste: current status in Canada." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, S1 (January 1, 2001): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-072.

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Source separation of municipal solid waste into wet and dry streams is proving to be an attractive alternative in dealing with solid waste, and in achieving provincial and national waste diversion objectives. The system provides important flexibility in the number of waste streams, collection methods, collection frequency, and waste processing. In the past few years, experience has been obtained with two-, three-, and four-stream source separation and collection, composting of the organic waste fraction, and recycling of the valuable dry waste. The systems used in Guelph, Ontario, Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, and Caledon, Ontario, are presented. Public interest and participation has been high, especially when a two-stream, mandatory system is used. Thus, the City of Guelph has reported a 98% participation rate in its two-stream system which means that the public accepted the two-stream approach. Experience has shown that, as the number of streams increase, there is a greater chance of putting waste in the wrong stream. There is a strong demand for compost at a bulk price of about $30/ t FOB at the plant. The processing cost of the three plants varied from $50/t to $80/t of waste received without allowing for credits derived from extended landfill life or reduction in environmental impact.Key words: municipal solid waste, organic, source-separation, composting.

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Sarkhel, Prasenjit. "Source Separation and Organic Waste Disposal: Policy options for Household Waste Management in Developing Countries." Arthaniti-Journal of Economic Theory and Practice 8, no. 1-2 (June 2009): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976747920090104.

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Aphale, Omkar, Krista L. Thyberg, and David J. Tonjes. "Differences in waste generation, waste composition, and source separation across three waste districts in a New York suburb." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 99 (June 2015): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.03.008.

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Babazadeh, Towhid, Haidar Nadrian, Mohammad Mosaferi, and Hamid Allahverdipour. "Identifying Challenges and Barriers to Participating in the Source Separation of Waste Program in Tabriz, Northwest of Iran: A Qualitative Study from the Citizens’ Perspective." Resources 7, no. 3 (August 29, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources7030053.

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There are many problems with the waste management systems (WMSs) in developing countries. In order to provide applicable strategies for improving the WMSs in these countries, there is a need to identify the barriers and challenges at the community level. Our aim in the present study was to explain the challenges and barriers in front of the citizen’s participation in the Source Separation of Waste (SSW) program in Tabriz, Iran. In this qualitative research, 13 citizens were invited to participate and were then interviewed. Data were analyzed with the content analysis approach. MAXQDA10 was applied to facilitate the organization of data. Four core categories of the barriers to sourcing the separation of household waste were identified: (a) problems in the collecting system of waste; (b) a lack of responsibility among citizens; (c) insufficient awareness among citizens, and (d) the expectation of receiving incentives. The findings of the study indicated the potential infrastructure barriers that may hinder in-process household solid waste separation attempts. Recycling investors, environmental health policymakers, and stakeholders should take into account these barriers while designing, implementing, and/or reorienting the Source Separation of Waste (SSW) programs.

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Hao, Mengge, Dongyong Zhang, and Stephen Morse. "Waste Separation Behaviour of College Students under a Mandatory Policy in China: A Case Study of Zhengzhou City." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (November 5, 2020): 8190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218190.

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The need for effective solid waste management (SWM) is an important environmental and public health issue. As a key way of minimizing municipal solid waste (MSW), source separation has in recent years become the centre of discussion in China. Following the example of Shanghai, the city of Zhengzhou introduced its mandatory waste separation measures on 1 December 2019. But does the mandatory regulation work? This study aims to investigate the waste separation behaviour of college students in Zhengzhou under the mandatory regulation and the motivations behind students’ behaviour. A questionnaire-based survey was carried out on 62 university campuses in Zhengzhou City, and a total of 1747 valid questionnaires were completed across these campuses and analysed. It was found that under Zhengzhou’s mandatory measures, college students do have a basic knowledge of waste separation and most are familiar with where kitchen waste should be placed, but they have problems categorizing some recyclables such as glass, hazardous waste such as lightbulbs and other waste such as cigarette butts and napkins. It was also found that college students’ waste separation behaviour, their attitude towards waste separation and the convenience of waste sorting facilities in Zhengzhou in the mandatory era have been improved compared to the era prior to mandatory waste separation. The results also indicate that most of college students (86.7%) always or sometimes undertake waste separation, and students majoring in science and senior year undergraduates are more likely to participate in the practice of waste separation. Other influencing factors of college students’ waste separation behaviour include convenience of waste sorting facilities, their willingness to separate waste, knowledge of a related field, attitude towards waste separation, peer pressure as well as the existence of a reward and penalty system. Management strategies for improving college students’ waste separation behaviour under mandatory regulation are also discusses and a number of recommendations for improvement are made.

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Toan, Tran Pham Khanh. "Factors influencing on residents’ household waste separation behavioral intention: Evidence from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam." ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 11, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46223/hcmcoujs.econ.en.11.1.542.2021.

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Household solid waste has become a serious problem in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam over the last 10 years, resulting in significant side effects on the environment. Although various programs of waste separation at source have been deployed, they have stopped at the level of the pilot - programs and have generally not been replicable. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study was examined the key factors influencing waste separation behavioral intention of residents in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam’s economic center. By using SPSS 20.0 software for the sample size of 487 residents, the regression models are used to process and explain data. The research detects six factors, namely Attitude towards waste separation; Social norms; Perceived behavioral control; Knowledge about waste separation; Laws and regulations; Propaganda that significantly directly affected residents ‘behavioral intention, Knowledge about waste separation being the strongest construct significantly to predict individuals’ intention. Of the six above-listed constructs, only Perceived behavioral control had a negative impact on residents’ waste separation behavioral intention. The findings from this research may help policy-makers have a better understanding of residents’ waste separation behavioral intention.

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Seshie, V. I., K. Obiri-Danso, and K. Miezah. "Municipal Solid Waste Characterisation and Quantification as a measure towards Effective Waste Management in the Takoradi Sub-Metro, Ghana." Ghana Mining Journal 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gm.v20i2.10.

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Waste management is a major challenge for many metropolitan and municipal assemblies in Ghana. The quantity of waste generated from the cities keeps increasing at a faster rate without increasing facilities to match its management. In the Takoradi sub-metro for instance, all the waste generated ends up at the final disposal sites without any recovery of the valuables. Proper management of the generated waste requires reliable and informative data which could assist in the collection as well as value addition process. Waste separation efficiency; willingness to separate waste at source; physical composition and per capita waste generated by households within the Takoradi sub-metropolis were studied over a five-week period. Questionnaire, interviews and survey were employed in the collection of the required data. The data were analysed using SPSS. The results showed solid waste composition of 60.0% organics, 11.5% plastics, 8.0% inert materials, 7.1% papers and cardboard, 5.0% miscellaneous materials, 2.9% textiles, 2.4% metals, 1.5% glasses and 1.2% leather and rubber. Over 80% of the waste fraction has the potential for recovery into other products; with this, 22.7% could be recycled and 63.6% suitable for biological conversions such as composting and anaerobic digestion since they have a moisture content as high as 55%. The average per capita waste generated within the sub-metro was 0.70 kg/cap/day. Households were able to separate the organic fractions from the rest of the waste fractions reaching effectiveness of 92% for organic separation and 83% for all other wastes. The data generated on the quantity and composition of the waste stream in the Metropolis would play a positive role in solid waste management and help solid waste managers make informed decisions on waste management options. Keywords: Waste Sorting and Separation, Biodegradables, Household Waste, Separation Efficiency

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Hemmati, Somayeh, Ebrahim Fataei, and Ali Akbar Imani. "Effects of Source Separation Education on Solid Waste Reduction in Developing Countries (A Case Study: Ardabil, Iran)." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 45, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2019.267.

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The aim of the present study was to create a source separation and waste reduction culture in Ardabil city in a randomized systematic way. The present semi-experimental study was conducted in two regions of Ardabil city. The number of sample in each region was 100 (50 as control, 50 as case population). In order to determine the effect of the profile of households in regions 1 and 2 and the effect of training on the amount of produced waste and the increase of awareness on source waste separation, two-step sampling, before and after training, was conducted in both groups. Beside a questionnaire also was completed before and after training. The results showed the statistically significant relationship between the income and reduction of produced waste in region 1 and 2. In the case group, level of awareness in regions 1 and 2 was changed from low-medium (first step) to medium-high (second step). Also, amount of produced waste was reduced in second steps in the case group. This result indicates the effect of training as an intervention factor, on waste management. Therefore, the desirable education system should be selected according to the status of society and the cultural, social, and economic conditions of each region and it is advisable to use specialized staff with health and environmental views to train citizens in order to source waste separation and waste management.

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Razali, Fitriyah, Choong Weng Wai, and Dzurllkanian@Zulkarnain Daud. "A REVIEW OF MALAYSIA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICIES TO IMPROVE RECYCLING PRACTICE AND WASTE SEPARATION AMONG HOUSEHOLDS." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 6, no. 1-2 (April 1, 2019): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v6.n1-2.381.

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Households are the primary source that contributes to the municipal solid waste and thus, it is well justified that they should be targeted in waste recycling policies for the improvement of recycling rates in this nation. Aware of the significant role among the household, Malaysia has taken a series of initiative to improve the national policies for solid waste management to foster waste separation practices among household. These waste management policies focused on waste separation and waste recycling behaviour among households in Malaysia. This is because a well-managed and planned waste policy is one of the vital factors that will enhance waste separation and recycling behaviour among households. This paper attempts to summarise the waste management policies in Malaysia, chronologically and summarise the solid waste management and transformation plans in a timeline table for the ease of reference among future researcher and policymaker. This is to provide them with a better understanding of the progression of waste management policies and regulations in Malaysia.

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Rousta, Kamran, Kim Bolton, and Lisa Dahlén. "A Procedure to Transform Recycling Behavior for Source Separation of Household Waste." Recycling 1, no. 1 (April 16, 2016): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling1010147.

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SUEISHI, Tomitaro, Muneo AZEGAMI, and Atsuko HANASHIMA. "Study on socio-environmental system for urban waste management by source separation." ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH 16 (1988): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/proer1988.16.100.

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Li, Ao, Tingting Qian, Jean Joël Roland Kinhoun, Shangyi Shu, and Shikun Zhu. "Onsite source separation and synergistic treatment of household food waste into wastewater." Separation and Purification Technology 262 (May 2021): 118337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118337.

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Hu, Shouchuang, Jun Chen, Ke Wu, Zhongkai Zhou, Tingting Cheng, and Dongbiao Wu. "OPTIMIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM IN HEFEI CITY OF CHINA." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 15, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2017vol3.2601.

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The refuse collection spot is the central part in the municipal solid waste collecting system. The wrong collecting way would lead to environmental problem and disturb the life of citizens. With the demand of source separation in China, the waste collecting sites need to be improved. Nowadays there have three different types of wastes collecting in Hefei, capital city in Anhui province, China. The advantages and disadvantages of such waste collection system were compared and discussed. The suggestions were put forward. Concerning about special example for agricultural market waste collection, taking Hefei Wanguo market as a sample, the research was made to optimize the present collection system. Compared with traditional waste collecting sites, the results showed the agricultural market waste collecting sites were better in both environmental and social efficiency.

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Schluchter, Wolf, and Magdalena Rybaczewska- Błażejowska. "Life cycle sustainability assessment of municipal waste management systems." Management 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10286-012-0072-y.

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Abstract Life cycle sustainability assessment of municipal waste management systems The core element of all waste management systems that determines further treatment is the collection, transportation and sorting of waste. There is a spectrum of options that ranges from the complete source separation of waste with little or no consecutive sorting to the minimum separation at source and the consecutive central sorting of fully commingle waste. As each of the collection - transportation - sorting methods has particular characteristics, in assessing the most sustainable solution, a number of factors have to be taken into consideration. To assist decision makers (ad exemplum local authorities), the authors of this article has specified environmental, economic and social criteria that need to be considered while designing the integrated waste management systems. They can be grouped into environmental effectiveness (conservation of resources and reduction of environmental pollution), economic affordability and social acceptability. The article refers to the authors’ research on “The application of life cycle assessment in the integrated municipal waste management” founded by DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst).

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Gómez-Sanabria, Adriana, Lena Höglund-Isaksson, Peter Rafaj, and Wolfgang Schöpp. "Carbon in global waste and wastewater flows – its potential as energy source under alternative future waste management regimes." Advances in Geosciences 45 (August 9, 2018): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-45-105-2018.

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Abstract. This study provides a quantification of the maximum energy that can be generated from global waste and wastewater sectors in the timeframe to 2050, as well as of the potential limitations introduced by different future waste and wastewater management regimes. Results show that considerable amounts of carbon are currently stored in waste materials without being recovered for recycling or made available for energy generation. Future levels of energy recovery when maintaining current states of waste and wastewater management systems are contrasted with those that can be attained under a circular system identified here as a system with successful implementation of food and plastic waste reduction policies, maximum recycling rates of all different types of waste streams, and once the recycling capacity is exhausted, incineration of remaining materials to produce energy. Moreover, biogas is assumed to be produced from anaerobic co-digestion of food and garden wastes, animal manure, and anaerobically treated wastewater. Finally, we explore the limits for energy generation from waste and wastewater sources should the efficiency of energy recovery be pushed further through development of existing technology. We find that global implementation of such an ideal system could increase the relative contribution of waste and wastewater sources to global energy demand from 2 % to 9 % by 2040, corresponding to a maximum energy potential of 64 EJ per year. This would however require widespread adoption of policies and infrastructure that stimulate and allow for large-scale waste prevention and separation, as well as highly advanced treatment processes. Giving priority to such efforts would enable circularity of the waste-energy system.

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Bernstad, Anna, Jes la Cour Jansen, and Henrik Aspegren. "Property-close source separation of hazardous waste and waste electrical and electronic equipment – A Swedish case study." Waste Management 31, no. 3 (March 2011): 536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.09.011.

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Kawai, Kosuke, Luong Thi Mai Huong, Masato Yamada, and Masahiro Osako. "Proximate composition of household waste and applicability of waste management technologies by source separation in Hanoi, Vietnam." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 18, no. 3 (January 1, 2015): 517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-014-0348-5.

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Jamal, Mamun, Aleksandra Szefler, Colman Kelly, and Nicholas Bond. "Commercial and household food waste separation behaviour and the role of Local Authority: a case study." International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 8, S1 (September 30, 2019): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40093-019-00300-z.

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Abstract Purpose Source segregation of food waste is one of the major challenges that inhibit food waste recycling around the world. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the local authority to implement regulations and encourage an increase in the source separation of food waste within both commercial premises and households, and identifying any gaps that exist in public awareness. Methods This study was conducted by the Cork County Council in 568 commercial premises and 1362 houses in County Cork, Ireland. This study also included investigations of public and private civic amenity sites and waste collectors that collect kerb side waste located within the region. The interviewee’s responses were documented and a database has been prepared and analysed. Results Integrated strategy is crucial to roll out food waste bin within a community for successful implementation of source segregation of food waste. This strategy should involve a dedicated team from the local authority who continue to visit, monitor and co-ordinate the activities of local authorities, waste collectors, civic amenity sites and public to implement and enforce the food waste regulations. In addition to organising appropriate infrastructure for recycling of food waste, continuous awareness raising through education, leaflets and local and national media is also crucial. Conclusion The role of local authorities should include facilitating the development of appropriate facilities such as composting, anaerobic digestion within communities and to encourage communities to take ownership of these facilities and reuse the resultant material within the local area.

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Costello, Christine, Esma Birisci, and Ronald G. McGarvey. "Food waste in campus dining operations: Inventory of pre- and post-consumer mass by food category, and estimation of embodied greenhouse gas emissions." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 31, no. 3 (May 21, 2015): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170515000071.

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AbstractThere are many economic, social and environmental reasons to reduce the occurrence of food that is wasted. As communities consider options for managing their food waste streams, an understanding of the volume, composition and variability of these streams is needed to inform the decision-making process and potentially justify the capital investments needed for separation and treatment operations. This more detailed inventory also allows for the estimation of embodied resources in food that is wasted, demonstrated herein for greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). Pre- and post-consumer food waste was collected from four all-you-care-to-eat Campus Dining Services (CDS) facilities at the University of Missouri, Columbia over 3 months in 2014. During the study period approximately 246.3 metric tons (t) of food reached the retail level at the four facilities. 232.4 t of this food was served and 13.9 t of it (10.1 t of edible and 3.8 t of inedible), was lost as pre-consumer waste. Over the same time period, an estimated 26.4 t of post-consumer food waste was generated at these facilities, 21.2 t of the waste edible and 5.3 t of it inedible. Overall, 5.6% of food reaching the retail level was lost at the pre-consumer stage and 10.7% was lost at the post-consumer stage. Out of the food categories examined, ‘fruits and vegetables’ constituted the largest source of food waste by weight, with grains as the second largest source of food waste by weight. GHGs embodied in edible food waste were calculated. Over the study period an estimated 11.1 t CO2e (100-yr) were embodied in the pre-consumer food waste and 56.1 t were embodied in post-consumer food waste for a total of 67.2 t. The ‘meat and protein’ category represents the largest embodiment of GHG emissions in both the pre- and post-consumer categories despite ranking fourth in total weight. Beef represents the largest contribution to post-consumer GHG emissions embodied in food waste with an estimated 34.1 t CO2e. This distinction between the greatest sources of food waste by weight and the greatest sources of GHG emissions is relevant when considering alternative management options for food waste.

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Sato, Naofumi, Chiharu Iida, Chiaki Nishi, and Anurudda Karunarathna. "EVALUATION OF ORGANIC AND RECYCLABLE WASTE SEPARATION AT GENERATION SOURCE IN RATNAPURA AND KATARAGAMA LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN SRI LANKA." Detritus, no. 12 (September 30, 2020): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2020.14006.

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The Japan International Cooperation Agency implemented a technical cooperation project from 2017 to 2019 in collaboration with Central Environmental Authority (CEA) in Sri Lanka. The project provided technical; and financial assistances in preparing solid waste management plans at selected local authorities, and consequently implemented 3R promotion programs introducing source separation at households and subsequent separate collection by local authorities. Two pilot projects were implemented based on the solid waste management plans which were aimed at reducing the amount of solid waste to be landfilled. This paper described the approaches taken and results obtained through the pilot projects in Ratnapura Municipal Council (RMC) and Kataragama Pradeshiya Sabha Town (KPS) of Sri Lanka. The pilot project in RMC consisted of distribution of household compost bins and the separate collection of five categories of waste: 1) biodegradable waste, 2) plastic and polythene, 3) paper and cardboard, 4) glass, metal and coconut shells, and 5) other residual waste; and provision of advices to households by leaflets, distribution of equipment, and implementation of an awareness program. The pilot project in KPS consisted of procurement of separation bins for biodegradable waste by cost-sharing with dischargers and the separate collection of three categories of waste: 1) biodegradable waste; 2) recyclables including paper, cardboard, plastic, polyethylene, iron and coconut shells, broken glass and glass bottles; and 3) other residual waste. The post evaluation of waste composition and final discharge amounts at disposal sites indicated that pilot projects have contributed to increase 3Rs in both pilot project areas.

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Yang, Lei, Zhen-Shan Li, and Hui-Zhen Fu. "Model of Municipal Solid Waste Source Separation Activity: A Case Study of Beijing." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 61, no. 2 (February 2011): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.61.2.157.

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Larsen, Anna W., and Thomas Astrup. "CO2 emission factors for waste incineration: Influence from source separation of recyclable materials." Waste Management 31, no. 7 (July 2011): 1597–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.03.001.

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Owusu, Victor, Emmanuel Adjei-Addo, and Cecilia Sundberg. "Do economic incentives affect attitudes to solid waste source separation? Evidence from Ghana." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 78 (September 2013): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.07.002.

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Dagadu, Peter K., and F. K. E. Nunoo. "Towards municipal solid waste source separation at the household level in Accra, Ghana." International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 7, no. 3/4 (2011): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2011.039479.

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Zhang, Weiqian, Yue Che, Kai Yang, Xiangyu Ren, and Jun Tai. "Public opinion about the source separation of municipal solid waste in Shanghai, China." Waste Management & Research 30, no. 12 (October 7, 2012): 1261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x12462277.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Separation of waste at source'

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