Relevant bibliographies by topics / Separation (Technology) Chromatographic analysis

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Academic literature on the topic 'Separation (Technology) Chromatographic analysis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Separation (Technology) Chromatographic analysis"

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Khan, Mohammad Sharif, Jannatul Azmir, Ademario Iris da Silva Junior, Yong Foo Wong, Mamun Mollah, Jalal T. Althakafy, and Md Zaidul Islam Sarker. "Strategy for Sustainable and Green Chromatographic Separation Science: Innovation, Technology and Application." Current Chromatography 7, no. 1 (November 26, 2020): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213240607999200813195405.

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Green separation science involves extraction, pre-concentration and chromatographic analysis aiming at minimizing environmental impact by reducing energy and reagent usage and reducing or eliminating waste generation. However, the enrichment of trace analytes and/or the analysis of complex matrices most frequently require several steps before analysis, such as extraction, pre-concentration, clean up and preparative chromatography. Thus, alternative and greener separation techniques and solvents are replacing classical methods to diminish the carbon footprint and increase sustainability. Moreover, many innovations are also emerging to curtail the environmental impact of samples analysis; such as micro or nano analytical platforms, sensor-based systems and direct injection to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The current review provides an updated account of the green and sustainable separation science techniques. The current innovations on greener separations and their application in different fields of study are discussed.
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Memon, Najma, Tahira Qureshi, Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger, and Muhammad Imran Malik. "Recent Trends in Fast Liquid Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Analysis." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 4 (July 3, 2019): 349–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180912125155.

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Background: Liquid chromatography is the workhorse of analytical laboratories of pharmaceutical companies for analysis of bulk drug materials, intermediates, drug products, impurities and degradation products. This efficient technique is impeded by its long and tedious analysis procedures. Continuous efforts of scientists to reduce the analysis time resulted in the development of three different approaches namely, HTLC, chromatography using monolithic columns and UHPLC. Methods: Modern column technology and advances in chromatographic stationary phase including silica-based monolithic columns and reduction in particle and column size (UHPLC) have not only revolutionized the separation power of chromatographic analysis but also have remarkably reduced the analysis time. Automated ultra high-performance chromatographic systems equipped with state-ofthe- art software and detection systems have now spawned a new field of analysis, termed as Fast Liquid Chromatography (FLC). The chromatographic approaches that can be included in FLC are hightemperature liquid chromatography, chromatography using monolithic column, and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography. Results: This review summarizes the progress of FLC in pharmaceutical analysis during the period from year 2008 to 2017 focusing on detecting pharmaceutical drugs in various matrices, characterizing active compounds of natural products, and drug metabolites. High temperature, change in the mobile phase, use of monolithic columns, new non-porous, semi-porous and fully porous reduced particle size of/less than 3μm packed columns technology with high-pressure pumps have been extensively studied and successively applied to real samples. These factors revolutionized the fast high-performance separations. Conclusion: Taking into account the recent development in fast liquid chromatography approaches, future trends can be clearly predicated. UHPLC must be the most popular approach followed by the use of monolithic columns. Use of high temperatures during analysis is not a feasible approach especially for pharmaceutical analysis due to thermosensitive nature of analytes.
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Durai Ananda Kumar T, Sai Charan, Venkateswarlu A, and Supriya Reddy K. "Evolution of liquid chromatography: Technologies and applications." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 3204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2449.

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Liquid chromatographic offers efficient analyte separation employing high pressure pumps. The reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is widely utilized in the purity testing and quantitative determination of pharmaceuticals and neutraceuticals. The limitations of traditional liquid chromatography such as particle size, resolution and selectivity demanded for the developments and Waters Corporation developed ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Ultrafast liquid chromatography (UFLC) is another milestone, which offers faster and efficient separation. Multidimensional UHPLC provides separation of complex molecules. The particle size decrease enhances the resolution of LC separation. Ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH), Charged surface hybrid (CSH) and Peptide separation technology (PST) offer better performance in. The amalgamation of chromatographic and spectroscopic detectors namely fluorescence detector (FD) and mass spectrometry (MS) provides efficient separation. Liquid chromatography (LC) offers the analysis of pharmaceuticals, biological, food materials, and natural products. This review covers technologies and recent pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of liquid chromatography technologies
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Xie, Chao Fan, Rey Chue Huang, Lin Xu, Fu Quan Zhang, and Lu Xiong Xu. "Digitized Simulation of the Moving Bed." Materials Science Forum 987 (April 2020): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.987.157.

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Chromatographic separation is an indispensable and important technology in the manufacturing process of chemical products and biomedicine. It uses the distribution differences of a compound in the stationary phase and mobile phase to achieve the separation of the mixture. It is of great value to study the separation process of substances by simulated moving bed chromatography. By digitally simulating the process of moving bed, we can observe the influence of parameter changes on substance analysis by chromatography, and then find out the law of substance separation, which can provide theoretical basis for scientific research of biopharmaceuticals.
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Cong, Jing Xiang, Shao Yan Wang, and Hong Gao. "Separation of Liquiritin by Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 1232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.1232.

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Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) is an important technology for the separation and analysis of complex samples. Liquiritin, an important active component in licorice, was chosen as the target compound and it was separated by three kinds of off-line 2DLC, i.e. size exclusion chromatography × reversed phase chromatography, normal phase × reversed phase chromatography and reversed phase chromatography × reversed phase chromatography (SEC×RP, NP×RP and RP×RP). The chromatographic conditions were selected and the 2D systems were combined. The results show that it is feasible to separate Liquiritin from licorice extract using 2DLC. Among the 2D modes mentioned above, the highest purity of Liquiritin was obtained in the RP×RP mode, and the concentration of Liquiritin was increased most significantly in the NP×RP mode.
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Saad, Martin N., Hebatallah M. Essam, Eman S. Elzanfaly, and Sawsan M. Amer. "A Two-Step Optimization Approach: Validated RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Gatifloxacin and Dexamethasone in Ophthalmic Formulation." Journal of Chromatographic Science 58, no. 6 (April 13, 2020): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmaa013.

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Abstract The growing technology of stationary phase chemistry has a great impact on the chromatographic system performance and analysis economics. In this context, a simple rapid reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography method development is presented for the analysis of gatifloxacin (GFN) and dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) in their ophthalmic formulation. A two-step optimization approach has been conducted using optimum chromatographic conditions as well as proper selection of stationary phase. The chromatographic separation was carried out using sodium phosphate buffer pH 3.0 ± 0.1 and acetonitrile 72:28 v/v, respectively, with flow rate 1 mL min−1 and simultaneous detection at 243 nm. Three different column technologies were investigated at the optimum set of the chromatographic conditions: Xbridge® bridged ethylene hybrid silica, Kinetex™ Core-Shell and the Onyx™ Monolithic stationary phase. The monolithic column has shown better chromatographic separation, based on system suitability testing as well as shorter analysis time and sensitivity. The proposed method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The linearity was achieved for GFN and DSP in the range 0.58–120 μg mL−1 and 0.50–120 μg mL−1, respectively, with acceptable accuracy, precision and selectivity.
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Regal, Patricia, Mónica Díaz-Bao, Rocío Barreiro, Alberto Cepeda, and Cristina Fente. "Application of molecularly imprinted polymers in food analysis: clean-up and chromatographic improvements." Open Chemistry 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 766–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0016-3.

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AbstractSeveral natural and synthetic substances have been monitored in analytical laboratories worldwide to ensure food safety. Multiple residue detection (i.e., detection of multiple analytes in a single sample or matrix) is a main weakness of existing analytical methods, when fast and reliable results are required. Multianalyte approaches may save time and money in the food industry, and more importantly, they allow the quick release of food products into the marketplace. In addition, multianalyte approaches notably decrease the time required between sampling and analysis to meet legal requirements. However, to achieve analytical success, it is necessary to develop thorough clean-up procedures to extract analytes from the matrix. In addition, good chromatographic separation methods are also necessary to distinguish closely related analytes. Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) is an emerging, powerful tool for sample extraction and chromatography. First used for solid-phase extraction, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are also effective chromatographic phases for the separation of isomers and structurally related molecules. In recent years, a number of analytical methods utilising MIT have been applied for the analysis of residues in food, and existing methodologies have been improved. This review article describes the latest applications of MIT in the development of methodologies to monitor the presence of residues of veterinary products in foodstuff.
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Peace, Robert W., and G. Sarwar Gilani. "Chromatographic Determination of Amino Acids in Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, no. 3 (May 1, 2005): 877–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.3.877.

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Abstract Amino acids in foods exist in a free form or bound in peptides, proteins, or nonpeptide bonded polymers. Naturally occurring L-amino acids are required for protein synthesis and are precursors for essential molecules, such as co-enzymes and nucleic acids. Nonprotein amino acids may also occur in animal tissues as metabolic intermediates or have other important functions. The development of bacterially derived food proteins, genetically modified foods, and new methods of food processing; the production of amino acids for food fortification; and the introduction of new plant food sources have meant that protein amino acids and amino acid enantiomers in foods can have both nutritional and safety implications for humans. There is, therefore, a need for the rapid and accurate determination of amino acids in foods. Determination of the total amino acid content of foods requires protein hydrolysis by various means that must take into account variations in stability of individual amino acids and resistance of different peptide bonds to the hydrolysis procedures. Modern methods for separation and quantitation of free amino acids either before or after protein hydrolysis include ion exchange chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis. Chemical derivatization of amino acids may be required to change them into forms amenable to separation by the various chromatographic methods or to create derivatives with properties, such as fluorescence, that improve their detection. Official methods for hydrolysis and analysis of amino acids in foods for nutritional purposes have been established. LC is currently the most widely used analytical technique, although there is a need for collaborative testing of methods available. Newer developments in chromatographic methodology and detector technology have reduced sample and reagent requirements and improved identification, resolution, and sensitivity of amino acid analyses of food samples.
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Mazurova, K. M., M. S. Tyutlikova, E. A. Chudin, A. V. Domovenko, A. A. Makarov, A. L. Pakhomov, and V. A. Vinokurov. "Increasing the Efficiency and Selectivity of Separation of Components in Chromatographic Analysis of Natural Gas." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 56, no. 6 (January 2021): 909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-021-01207-0.

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Dwyer, James L., and Ming Zhou. "Polymer Characterization by Combined Chromatography-Infrared Spectroscopy." International Journal of Spectroscopy 2011 (December 18, 2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/694645.

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Infrared spectroscopy is widely used in the analysis and characterization of polymers. Polymer products are not a singular species, but rather, they are a population of polymer molecules varying in composition and configuration plus other added components. This paper describes instrumentation that provides the benefit or resolving polymer populations into discrete identifiable entities, by combining chromatographic separation with continuous spectra acquisition. The technology also provides a way to determine the mass distribution of discrete components across the chromatographic distribution of a sample. Various examples of application of this technology to polymer products are described. Examples include additives analysis, resolution of polymer blends, composition characterization of copolymers, analysis of degradation byproducts, and techniques of analysis of reactive polymer systems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Separation (Technology) Chromatographic analysis"

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Crampton, Mary Catherine. "Factors affecting selectivity of covalent chromatography." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184356.

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Of the interactions utilized in the separation of chemical species, the reversible covalent bond is the strongest and most selective. In order to exploit the selectivity of this interaction, an understanding of the effects of several factors on the formation of the covalent bond have been studied. Covalent chromatography is most useful in solid phase extraction. The strength of the covalent bond will allow for high distribution coefficients needed to quantitatively retain chemical species. The selectivity of the covalent interaction allows for the retention of a specific compound or class of compounds. Under conditions where the covalent bond is no longer formed or will break, a low distribution coefficient is possible, and the compounds may be eluted from the sorbent in a small volume allowing for preconcentration. The sorbent consists of three parts, the active functionality capable of forming reversible covalent bonds, the solid support and the spacer arm that tethers the active functionality to the support. Silica supports demonstrate several advantages over organic supports. However, silica supports have been limited by the activity of the residual silanols and the use of hydrophobic spacer arms. This research describes the preparation and characterization of a modification method for silica with a hydrophilic spacer arm that restricts the sample from the residual silanols. Immobilized phenylboronic acid (PBA) interacts with compounds containing polar functionalities in the correct configuration, but this interaction is dependent on the local environment. Controlling the local environment allows for the control of the interaction provided the effects are understood. Diagnostic chromatography was used to determine the effects of the solvent strength, ionic strength, pH and composition of the mobile phase and the effects of the spacer arm on the interactions of PBA with several compounds. Three phases selective for thiols were also characterized. Thiopyridone attached to mercaptopropyl bonded silica through a disulfide linkage, is used for isolation and detection. Immobilized phenylmercury was utilized for the extraction of thiol containing species while immobilized phenylarsonous acid selectively extracts dithiol compounds. A unique and powerful means of separation of monothiol from dithiol compounds has been demonstrated.
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Tam, Wai-ming. "Development of methodology for high performance liquid chromatographic separation of inorganic ions /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12922869.

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Chen, Xiao Jia. "Development of microscale separation techniques for quality control of Chinese medicines." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2590374.

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Tuan, Chik Syed Mohd Saufi. "Mixed Matrix Membrane Chromatography for Bovine Whey Protein Fractionation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemical and Process Engineering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3647.

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Whey protein fractionation is an important industrial process that requires effective large-scale processes. Although packed bed chromatography has been used extensively, it suffers from low processing rates due to high back-pressures generated at high flow rates. Batch chromatography has been applied but generally has a low efficiency. More recently, adsorptive membranes have shown great promise for large-scale protein purification, particularly from large-volume dilute feedstocks. A new method for producing versatile adsorptive membranes by combining membrane and chromatographic resin matrices has been developed but not previously applied to whey protein fractionation. In this work, a series of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were developed for membrane chromatography using ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVAL) based membranes and various types of adsorbent resin. The feasibility of MMM was tested in bovine whey protein fractionation processes. Flat sheet anion exchange MMMs were cast using EVAL and crushed Lewatit® MP500 (Lanxess, Leverkusen, Germany) anion resin, expected to bind the acidic whey proteins β-lactoglobulin (β-Lac), α-lactalbumin (α-Lac) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The MMM showed a static binding capacity of 120 mg β-Lac g⁻¹ membrane (36 mg β-Lac mL⁻¹ membrane) and 90 mg α-Lac g⁻¹ membrane (27 mg α-Lac mL⁻¹ membrane). It had a selective binding towards β-Lac in whey with a binding preference order of β-Lac > BSA > α-Lac. In batch whey fractionation, average binding capacities of 75.6 mg β-Lac g⁻¹ membrane, 3.5 mg α-Lac g⁻¹ membrane and 0.5 mg BSA g⁻¹ membrane were achieved with a β-Lac elution recovery of around 80%. Crushed SP Sepharose™ Fast Flow (GE Healthcare Technologies, Uppsala, Sweden) resin was used as an adsorbent particle in preparing cation exchange MMMs for lactoferrin (LF) recovery from whey. The static binding capacity of the cationic MMM was 384 mg LF g⁻¹membrane or 155 mg LF mL⁻¹ membrane, exceeding the capacity of several commercial adsorptive membranes. Adsorption of lysozyme onto the embedded ion exchange resin was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In LF isolation from whey, cross-flow operation was used to minimize membrane fouling and to enhance the protein binding capacity. LF recovery as high as of 91% with a high purity (as judged by the presence of a single band in gel electrophoresis) was achieved from 150 mL feed whey. The MMM preparation concept was extended, for the first time, to produce a hydrophobic interaction membrane using crushed Phenyl Sepharose™ (GE Healthcare Technologies, Uppsala, Sweden) resin and tested for the feasibility in whey protein fractionation. Phenyl Sepharose MMM showed binding capacities of 20.54 mg mL⁻¹ of β-Lac, 45.58 mg mL⁻¹ of α-Lac, 38.65 mg mL⁻¹ of BSA and 42.05 mg mL⁻¹ of LF for a pure protein solution (binding capacity values given on a membrane volume basis). In flow through whey fractionation, the adsorption performance of the Phenyl Sepharose MMM was similar to the HiTrap™ Phenyl hydrophobic interaction chromatography column. However, in terms of processing speed and low pressure drop across the column, the benefits of using MMM over a packed bed column were clear. A novel mixed mode interaction membrane was synthesized in a single membrane by incorporating a certain ratio of SP Sepharose cation resin and Lewatit MP500 anion resin into an EVAL base polymer solution. The mixed mode cation and anion membrane chromatography developed was able to bind basic and acidic proteins simultaneously from a solution. Furthermore, the ratio of the different types of adsorptive resin incorporated into the membrane matrix could be customised for protein recovery from a specific feedstream. The customized mixed mode MMM consisting of 42.5 wt% of MP500 anionic resin and 7.5 wt% SP Sepharose cationic resin showed a binding capacity of 7.16 mg α-Lac g⁻¹ membrane, 11.40 mg LF g⁻¹ membrane, 59.21 mg β-Lac g⁻¹ membrane and 6.79 mg IgG g⁻¹ membrane from batch fractionation of 1 mL LF-spiked whey. A tangential flow process using this membrane was predicted to be able to produce 125 g total whey protein per L membrane per h.
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Grosfils, Valérie. "Modelling and parametric estimation of simulated moving bed chromatographic processes (SMB)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210313.

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La chromatographie à lit mobile simulé (procédé SMB) est une technique de séparation bien maîtrisée dans certains secteurs traditionnels tels que la séparation de sucres et d’hydrocarbures. Cependant, son application à la séparation de composés à haute valeur ajoutée dans l’industrie pharmaceutique pose de nouveaux problèmes liés à la nature des produits à séparer ainsi qu'aux exigences plus strictes en matière de pureté et de quantités produites. Les principaux problèmes ouverts sont notamment la détermination des conditions de fonctionnement optimales, la conception de structures robustes de régulation, et le développement d’un système de supervision permettant la détection et la localisation de dégradations de fonctionnement. Ces tâches requièrent l’usage d’un modèle mathématique du procédé ainsi qu’une méthodologie d’estimation paramétrique. L’étude et le développement des modèles mathématiques pour ce type d’installation ainsi que l’estimation des paramètres des modèles sur base de mesures expérimentales constituent précisément l’objet de nos travaux de doctorat.

Les modèles mathématiques décrivant les procédés SMB consistent en les bilans massiques des composés à séparer. Ce sont des modèles à paramètres distribués (décrit par des équations aux dérivées partielles). Certains ont un comportement dynamique de type hybride (c'est-à-dire faisant intervenir des dynamiques à temps continu et des événements discrets). Quelques modèles ont été développés dans la littérature. Il s’agit de sélectionner ceux qui paraissent les plus intéressants au niveau de leur temps de calcul, de leur efficacité et du nombre de paramètres à déterminer. En outre, de nouvelles structures de modèles sont également proposées afin d’améliorer le compromis précision / temps de calcul.

Ces modèles comportent généralement certains paramètres inconnus. Ils consistent soit, en des grandeurs physiques mal définies au départ des données de base, soit, en des paramètres fictifs, introduits à la suite d'hypothèses simplificatrices et englobant à eux seuls un ensemble de phénomènes. Il s’agit de mettre au point une procédure systématique d’estimation de ces paramètres requérant le moins d’expériences possible et un faible temps de calcul. La valeur des paramètres est estimée, au départ de mesures réelles, à l'aide d'une procédure de minimisation d'une fonction de coût qui indique l’écart entre les grandeurs estimées par le modèle et les mesures. La sensibilité du modèle aux écarts sur les paramètres, ainsi que l’identifiabilité du modèle (possibilité de déterminer de manière univoque les paramètres du modèle) sur la base de mesures en fonctionnement normal sont étudiées. Ceci fournit un critère de comparaison supplémentaire entre les différents modèles et permet en outre de déterminer les conditions expérimentales optimales (choix du type d’expérience, choix des signaux d’entrée, choix du nombre et de la position des points de mesures…) dans lesquelles les mesures utilisées lors de l’estimation paramétrique doivent être relevées. De plus, les erreurs d’estimation sur les paramètres et les erreurs de simulation sont estimées. La procédure choisie est ensuite validée sur des données expérimentales recueillies sur un procédé pilote existant au Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik komplexer technischer systeme (Magdebourg, Allemagne).


Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Bentley, Jason A. "Systematic process development by simultaneous modeling and optimization of simulated moving bed chromatography." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47531.

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Adsorption separation processes are extremely important to the chemical industry, especially in the manufacturing of food, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical products. This work addresses three main topics: first, systematic decision-making between rival gas phase adsorption processes for the same separation problem; second, process development for liquid phase simulated moving bed chromatography (SMB); third, accelerated startup for SMB units. All of the work in this thesis uses model-based optimization to answer complicated questions about process selection, process development, and control of transient operation. It is shown in this thesis that there is a trade-off between productivity and product recovery in the gaseous separation of enantiomers using SMB and pressure swing adsorption (PSA). These processes are considered as rivals for the same separation problem and it is found that each process has a particular advantage that may be exploited depending on the production goals and economics. The processes are compared on a fair basis of equal capitol investment and the same multi-objective optimization problem is solved with equal constraints on the operating parameters. Secondly, this thesis demonstrates by experiment a systematic algorithm for SMB process development that utilizes dynamic optimization, transient experimental data, and parameter estimation to arrive at optimal operating conditions for a new separation problem in a matter of hours. Comparatively, the conventional process development for SMB relies on careful system characterization using single-column experiments, and manual tuning of operating parameters, that may take days and weeks. The optimal operating conditions that are found by this new method ensure both high purity constraints and optimal productivity are satisfied. The proposed algorithm proceeds until the SMB process is optimized without manual tuning. In some case studies, it is shown with both linear and nonlinear isotherm systems that the optimal performance can be reached in only two changes of operating conditions following the proposed algorithm. Finally, it is shown experimentally that the startup time for a real SMB unit is significantly reduced by solving model-based startup optimization problems using the SMB model developed from the proposed algorithm. The startup acceleration with purity constraints is shown to be successful at reducing the startup time by about 44%, and it is confirmed that the product purities are maintained during the operation. Significant cost savings in terms of decreased processing time and increased average product concentration can be attained using a relatively simple startup acceleration strategy.
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Van, der Westhuizen Rina. "The use of multidimensional GC techniques for the analysis of complex petrochemical products." Thesis, Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4639.

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90 leaves on CD format, preliminary i-ix pages and numbered pages 1-81. Includes bibliography, list of figures in color to pdf format (OCR).
Thesis (MSc (Chemistry and Polymer Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The composition of petrochemical products obtained from Fischer Tropsch (FT) technologies is of the highest complexity possible and may contain thousands of components. Chemicals produced from FT feedstocks often contain trace level contaminants that can poison catalysts or that affect product performance in down-line processes. Single dimension GC analysis of these mixtures provides incomplete information because of lack of separation power. This study evaluates the separation power of heart-cut GC-GC, comprehensive GCxGC and sequential GC-GC for three selected challenging petrochemical applications. The fundamental theoretical aspects of the techniques are discussed. Oxygenates are removed as far as possible in C10 – C13 alkylation feedstocks, used in the production of linear alkyl benzenes, because the oxygenates may have deactivating effects on some expensive alkylation catalysts. Residual oxygenates may still be present and can consist of hundreds of components. Detection of individual components at ng/g levels is required. Heart-cut GC-GC is used to illustrate the separation and enrichment power for oxygenates in an alkylation feedstock. The stationary phase in the first dimension column was selected to provide separation of the oxygenates from the hydrocarbons in a relatively narrow window. The oxygenate fraction is then enriched by repeated injections and collection on the cryotrap. After sufficient enrichment, the trap is heated and the oxygenates are analysed on the second dimension column. Comprehensive GCxGC and Sequential GC-GC are compared for the separation and analysis of the oxygenated chemical component classes in the alkylation feedstock, before removal of oxygenates. Cyclic alcohols can occur in detergent alcohols produced from FT feedstocks. These cyclics are regarded as impurities because they affect the physical properties of the detergents. The cyclic and noncyclic alcohols in a narrow C12 – C13 detergent alcohol distillation cut have similar boiling points and polarities, and separation of individual components is thus difficult to achieve. Comprehensive GCxGC and sequential GC-GC are evaluated for the separation of the alcohol component classes. The study shows that both approaches provide component class separation but the high resolving power of the second column and the optimal chromatographic operating conditions of sequential GC-GC provide better separation of the individual components. The study illustrates the immense power of the three multidimensional GC techniques namely heart-cut GC-GC, comprehensive GCxGC and sequential GC-GC. The three multidimensional GC techniques each have their own advantages, disadvantages and unique applications and should be used as complementary rather than as competitive analytical tools.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Fischer Tropsch (FT) petrochemiese produkte is van baie hoë kompleksiteit en kan uit duisende komponente bestaan. Chemikalië afkomstig van dié voerstrome bevat soms spoorhoeveelhede onsuiwerhede wat deaktiverend op kataliste kan inwerk of wat die werkverrrigting van finale produkte kan beïnvloed. Enkeldimensie GC analises van die komplekse mengsels is meesal onakkuraat as gevolg van geweldige piekoorvleueling. Die studie evalueer die skeidingsvermoë van drie multidimensionele tegnieke, Heart-cut GC-GC, Comprehensive GCxGC en Sequential GC-GC vir geselekteerde petrochemiese toepassings. Die fundamentele teoretiese aspekte van die tegnieke word bespreek en drie analitiese toepassings word beskryf. Oksigenate word so ver moontlik verwyder uit C10 – C13 paraffien-voerstrome, wat gebruik word in die vervaardiging van liniêre alkielbenzene, aangesien dit deaktiverend kan inwerk op alkileringskataliste. Die oorblywende oksigenate kan uit honderde komponente bestaan sodat analise van individuele komponente tot op lae ng/g vlakke nodig is. Heart-cut GC-GC word gebruik om die skeiding en verryking van die oksigenate in die alkileringsvoerstroom te illustreer. Die stationêre fase in die eerste-dimensie kolom is so gekies dat skeiding tussen oksigenate en koolwaterstowwe verkry word. Met herhaalde inspuitings verhoog die oksigenaat-konsentrasie op die cryo val en - na voldoende verryking - word die val verhit en die oksigenate geanaliseer op die tweede dimensie kolom. Die skeiding en analises verkry met Comprehensive GCxGC en Sequential GC-GC word vergelyk vir die chemiese klasse-skeiding van die alkileringsvoer (voor verwydering van oksigenate). Sikliese alkohole kan voorkom in detergent-alkohole vervaardig vanaf FT voerstrome. Dit word as onsuiwerhede beskou aangesien dit die fisiese eienskappe van die finale produkte beïnvloed. Die sikliese en nie-sikliese alkohole se kookpunte en polariteite is baie naby aanmekaar sodat skeiding van individuele komponente moeilik verkry word. Comprehensive GCxGC en Sequential GC-GC word evalueer vir die skeiding van die alkohol. Die studie toon aan dat albei die tegnieke skeiding gee van die chemiese komponent-klasse maar dat die hoë-resolusie tweede-dimensie kolom en die optimisering van die experimentele kondisies van die Sequential GC-GC sisteem beter skeiding van individuele komponente gee. Die uitsonderlike skeidingsvermoë van die drie multidimensionele tegnieke, Heart-cut GC-GC, Comprehensive GCxGC en Sequential GC-GC word geïllustreer in die studie. Elke tegniek het sy eie voordele, nadele en unieke toepassings en die drie tegnieke behoort as komplementêre eerder as kompeterende tegnieke gebruik te word.
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De, Villiers A. J. (Andre Joubert). "Evaluation of pressure- and electrodriven separation techniques for the determination of phenolic compounds in wine." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51753.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The phenolic content of wine is responsible for determining characteristics such as the organoleptic qualities, colour stability, ageing properties and health-beneficial effects associated with wine. The aim ofthis study was to investigate the possibilities offered by capillary electrophoresis (CE) as an alternative separation technique to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the analysis of polyphenols in wine. The complexity of wine samples was the cause that neither technique was capable of a satisfactory singlestep analysis of wine. Suitable sample preparation techniques such as Sephadex- and Sep- Pak fractionation and ether extraction of wine polyphenols were investigated. These techniques did not, however, prove to be universal. A novel form of sample preparation namely a process analogous to lyophylization used to separate wine volatiles from nonvolatiles was introduced. The versatility of CE was further investigated in an attempt to eliminate the need for sample preparation. The use of polyvinylalcohol (PVA) coated capillaries, micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) and capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) were investigated in this regard. Although none of these techniques could offer conclusive results, useful applications were forthcoming and routes for further investigation were outlined. Liquid chromatography coupled to electro spray ionisation mass spectroscopy (LC-ESI-MS) and capillary electrophoresis coupled to electro spray ionisation mass spectroscopy (CE-ESI-MS) were compared for the analysis of polyphenols in wine. While the latter technique could not produce sufficient separation compared to the former, future development ofCE-ESI-MS should make it a powerful technique for these analyses.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fenoliese komponente in wyn speel 'n bepalende rol by eienskappe soos die organoleptiese karakter, kleur stabiliteit, verouderingspotensiaal en gesondheids-voordele wat met wyn geassosieër word. Die doel van hierdie projek was om ondersoek in te stel na die potensiaal wat kapillêre elektroforese (CE, "capillary electrophoresis") as 'n alternatiewe skeidingstegniek teenoor hoë druk vloeistof chromatografie (HDVC) vir die analise van die polifenole in wyn bied. Die kompleksiteit van wyn monsters is van so 'n aard dat 'n bevredigend enkelstap analise met geeneen van die tegnieke moontlik is nie. Gepaste monster-voorbereidingstappe soos Sephadex- en Sep-Pak fraksionering asook eter ekstraksie van die polifenole in wyn is ondersoek. Geeneen van die tegnieke was egter universeel toepaslik nie. 'n Nuwe metode van monster-voorbereiding, naamlik 'n proses analoog aan liofilisasie wat gebruik word om die wyn te skei in vlugtige en nievlugtige komponente is gedemonstreer. Die veelsydigheid van CE was gevolglik ondersoek in 'n poging om monstervoorbereiding uit te skakel. Die gebruik van polyvinielalkohol-(pVA) bedekte kapillêre, missellêre elektrokinetiese chromatografie (MEKC) en kapillêre gel elektroforese (CGE, "capillary gel electrophoresis) is in hierdie verband ondersoek. Alhoewel geeneen van hierdie tegnieke onweerlegbare resultate gelewer het nie, het bruikbare toepassings hieruit voortgespruit en is die grondslag vir verdere navorsing gelê. Vloeistof chromatografie gekoppel aan eIektrosproei ionisasie massaspektroskopie (LCESI- MS) en kapillêre elektroforese gekoppel aan elektrosproei ionisasie massaspektroskopie (CE-ESI-MS) is vergelyk vir die analise van polifenole in wyn. Alhoewel laasgenoemde tegniek onvoldoende skeiding lewer vergeleke met eersgenoemde, behoort toekomstige ontwikkelinge op die gebied van CE-ESI-MS dit 'n kragtige tegniek vir die analise van hierdie monsters te maak.
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Kaplan, Muammer. "Infrared spectroscopy in supercritical fluid analysis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385210.

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Wong, Victor, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "A fundamental study towards improving the performance of liquid chromatographic separation." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Wong_V.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/467.

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The three factors of the resolution (Rs)equation(see Equation 1.1)were explored in this thesis. During the course of the research project, an important aim was to explore separation processes that would lead to an increase in productivity without sacrificing Rs. To that end, an increase in the retention factor (k)to enhance Rs was deemed detrimental to the cycle time, hence the production rate, particularly when preparative separations are involved. Consequently the primary objectives were to (i)prepare more efficient columns and (ii)investigate new strategies in manipulating selectivity. The significance of the work contained in this thesis is highlighted in 27th International Symposium on High Performance Liquid Phase Separations and Related Techniques (HPLC 2003)held in Nice, France between 15-19 June, 2003. Many of the papers presented significantly compared to chapters contained in this research
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Books on the topic "Separation (Technology) Chromatographic analysis"

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Giddings, J. Calvin. Unified separation science. New York: Wiley, 1991.

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Chromatography and separation science. Amsterdam: Academic Press, 2003.

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Guiochon, Georges. Fundamentals of preparative and nonlinear chromatography. Boston: Academic Press, 1994.

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Guiochon, Georges. Fundamentals of preparative and nonlinear chromatography. 2nd ed. Boston: Academic Press, 2006.

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Tang, Weihua. Modified Cyclodextrins for Chiral Separation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Bingchang, Lin, ed. Modeling for preparative chromatography. Amsterdam: Academic Press, 2003.

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L, Křivánková, and Boček P, eds. Capillary zone electrophoresis. Weinheim: VCH, 1993.

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Tibor, Cserháti, ed. Molecular basis of chromatographic separation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1997.

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Valcárcel, M. Non-chromatographic continuous separation techniques. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1991.

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Valcárel, M. Non-chromatographic continuous seperation techniques. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Separation (Technology) Chromatographic analysis"

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Barker, P. E., and G. Ganetsos. "Biochemical Reaction and Separation in Chromatographic Columns." In Adsorption: Science and Technology, 491–504. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2263-1_25.

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Janakievski, Filip. "Continuous Chromatographic Separation Technology-Modeling and Simulation." In Innovative Food Processing Technologies: Advances in Multiphysics Simulation, 335–51. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470959435.ch16.

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Fontanals, Núria. "Application of Novel Materials in Sample Treatment and Separation." In Chromatographic Analysis of the Environment, 199–220. Fourth edition / edited by Leo M. L. Nollet and Dimitra Lambropoulou. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315316208-6.

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Haines, William J., and John N. Karnemaat. "Chromatographic Separation of the Steroids of the Adrenal Gland." In Methods of Biochemical Analysis, 171–204. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470110171.ch7.

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Samoylova, Nataliya, and Steven Stevenson. "Non-Chromatographic Separation of Endohedral Metallofullerenes by Utilizing Their Redox Properties." In Nanostructure Science and Technology, 63–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47049-8_3.

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Trujillo-Rodríguez, María J., Ana M. Afonso, and Verónica Pino. "Analytical Applications of Ionic Liquids in Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Separation Techniques." In Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, 193–233. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48520-0_9.

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Seki, Minoru, Masumi Yamada, Ryutaro Ezaki, Ryusuke Aoyama, and Jong Wook Hong. "Chromatographic Separation of Proteins on A Pdms-Polymer Chip by Pressure Flow." In Micro Total Analysis Systems 2001, 48–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1015-3_17.

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Moritz, Robert L., James Eddes, and Richard J. Simpson. "High-Speed Chromatographic Separation of Proteins and Peptides for High Sensitivity Microsequence Analysis." In Methods in Protein Structure Analysis, 27–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1031-8_3.

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Haque, Inzemamul, D. D’Souza, P. Habeeb, A. Kundu, and Ganesh Babu. "Verification of a Generative Separation Kernel." In Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis, 305–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59152-6_17.

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Yang, Chun, Zhendi Wang, Bruce P. Hollebone, Carl E. Brown, Zeyu Yang, and Mike Landriault. "Chromatographic Fingerprinting Analysis of Crude Oils and Petroleum Products." In Handbook of Oil Spill Science and Technology, 93–163. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118989982.ch5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Separation (Technology) Chromatographic analysis"

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Li, Haidi, Weiping Yin, Huaqing Liu, and Yanjun Li. "Infochemicals for the chromatographic separation technology." In 2015 International Conference on Advanced Engineering Materials and Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaemt-15.2015.80.

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Kusoglu, Seda. "CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF PEPTIDES-PROTEINS FROM Microcystis aeruginosa." In 5th International Conference on Innovation in Science and Technology. acavent, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/5ist.2018.12.112.

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Antos, Dorota, and Wojciech Piątkowski. "Forced modulation of operating conditions in chromatographic separation: potential and pitfalls." In Chemical technology and engineering. Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/cte2019.01.179.

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Lochny, Michael, and Bernhard Bisplinghoff. "Radiochemical Characterization of Contaminants in Structural Materials of the AVR Reactor in Jülich." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1278.

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Abstract The complete decommissioning of the AVR reactor facility at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (HTGR type) raised the question of the radioactive inventory built up during and since the operational phase. Therefore, a precise chemical and radiochemical analysis system was developed at the Institute for Safety Research and Reactor Technology at Forschungszentrum Jülich with the aim of identifying and quantifying 45 nuclides from both metallic and ceramic materials. Separation schemes and details of apparatus are given. Chromatograms are shown resulting from high-performance liquid chromatography which was applied for the fine separation of most β-emitters and of those nuclides which decay via electron capture.
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Prieto-Moreno, A., O. Llanes-Santiago, L. D. T. Câmara, A. J. Silva Neto, and C. Oliveira. "Uncertainty analysis in mass transfer parameter estimations for chromatographic separation of glucose and fructose." In XXXV CNMAC - Congresso Nacional de Matemática Aplicada e Computacional. SBMAC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5540/03.2015.003.01.0333.

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Russkih, E. V., and K. Yu Murinov. "Using the Chromatographic Analysis for Oil-Oil Correlation, Percentage Calculation of the Multiple-Zone Well Production." In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/181978-ms.

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Russkih, E. V., and K. Yu Murinov. "Using the Chromatographic Analysis for Oil-Oil Correlation, Percentage Calculation of the Multiple-Zone Well Production (Russian)." In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/181978-ru.

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Khoong, L. E., T. K. Gan, and M. B. Young. "Analysis of silicone-based adhesive bond separation." In 2014 IEEE 16th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eptc.2014.7028346.

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Milanina, Ksenia, and Andrey Agafonov. "PLANAR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC COLUMNS MANUFACTURED ON SILICONE SUBSTRATES." In International Forum “Microelectronics – 2020”. Joung Scientists Scholarship “Microelectronics – 2020”. XIII International conference «Silicon – 2020». XII young scientists scholarship for silicon nanostructures and devices physics, material science, process and analysis. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1559.silicon-2020/71-73.

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Sudhakara, Sweekar, Syed Raehan Ahmed, B. M. Veerendra Sagar, and P. M. Shivakumara Swamy. "Human Voice Sample Separation Using Independent Component Analysis." In 2018 4th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2ct42659.2018.9058172.

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Reports on the topic "Separation (Technology) Chromatographic analysis"

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Salama and Shudong. Quantitative Mass spectrometric Analysis of Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine in Authentic, Pharmaceutical and Spiked Human Plasma without Chromatographic Separation. Libertas Academica, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/aci_1476.

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de Caritat, Patrice, Brent McInnes, and Stephen Rowins. Towards a heavy mineral map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.031.

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Heavy minerals (HMs) are minerals with a specific gravity greater than 2.9 g/cm3. They are commonly highly resistant to physical and chemical weathering, and therefore persist in sediments as lasting indicators of the (former) presence of the rocks they formed in. The presence/absence of certain HMs, their associations with other HMs, their concentration levels, and the geochemical patterns they form in maps or 3D models can be indicative of geological processes that contributed to their formation. Furthermore trace element and isotopic analyses of HMs have been used to vector to mineralisation or constrain timing of geological processes. The positive role of HMs in mineral exploration is well established in other countries, but comparatively little understood in Australia. Here we present the results of a pilot project that was designed to establish, test and assess a workflow to produce a HM map (or atlas of maps) and dataset for Australia. This would represent a critical step in the ability to detect anomalous HM patterns as it would establish the background HM characteristics (i.e., unrelated to mineralisation). Further the extremely rich dataset produced would be a valuable input into any future machine learning/big data-based prospectivity analysis. The pilot project consisted in selecting ten sites from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and separating and analysing the HM contents from the 75-430 µm grain-size fraction of the top (0-10 cm depth) sediment samples. A workflow was established and tested based on the density separation of the HM-rich phase by combining a shake table and the use of dense liquids. The automated mineralogy quantification was performed on a TESCAN® Integrated Mineral Analyser (TIMA) that identified and mapped thousands of grains in a matter of minutes for each sample. The results indicated that: (1) the NGSA samples are appropriate for HM analysis; (2) over 40 HMs were effectively identified and quantified using TIMA automated quantitative mineralogy; (3) the resultant HMs’ mineralogy is consistent with the samples’ bulk geochemistry and regional geological setting; and (4) the HM makeup of the NGSA samples varied across the country, as shown by the mineral mounts and preliminary maps. Based on these observations, HM mapping of the continent using NGSA samples will likely result in coherent and interpretable geological patterns relating to bedrock lithology, metamorphic grade, degree of alteration and mineralisation. It could assist in geological investigations especially where outcrop is minimal, challenging to correctly attribute due to extensive weathering, or simply difficult to access. It is believed that a continental-scale HM atlas for Australia could assist in derisking mineral exploration and lead to investment, e.g., via tenement uptake, exploration, discovery and ultimately exploitation. As some HMs are hosts for technology critical elements such as rare earth elements, their systematic and internally consistent quantification and mapping could lead to resource discovery essential for a more sustainable, lower-carbon economy.
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