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Journal articles on the topic 'Separatism'
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1
Deets, Mark. "“Grown-Ups on White Plastic Chairs:” Soccer and Separatism in Senegal, 1969–2012." History in Africa 43 (July 20, 2015): 347–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2015.25.
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Abstract:I argue that the postcolonial Senegalese soccer stadium became a space for imagining and performing the nation for separatists from the Casamance region who tied their separatist discourse to the fortunes of Casa-Sports, a soccer club based in Ziguinchor. The twin histories of Casamançais soccer and separatism demonstrate the interplay of “space” and “place” in the stadium – constructed originally for defining and controlling the Senegalese nation but commandeered by separatists for subverting it. Non-elite Casa-Sports supporters, however, contested or ignored separatist assertions that supporting Casa-Sports meant supporting separatism, and vice versa. Thus, these non-elites revealed the stadium as a “space-place” for simultaneous, multiple national imaginings.
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Mosora, Mykhailo. "Separatism as a political phenomenon – an analysis. The EU’s experiences and lessons for Ukraine." Przegląd Sejmowy 4(171) (2022): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/ps.2022.135.
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The article deals with the phenomenon of separatism, its common understanding and main features. It discusses the most important separatist tendencies and the threat of separatism in the EU, including the typology and the centres of separatism in Europe. The principal reasons for separatist movements in the EU are described. Considering the complex origin of separatism, the homogeneity of its foundation in Europe is proved and the threat of separatism in Ukraine is analysed. Manifestations of separatism in Ukraine and the EU are compared, the influence of globalisation and regionalisation on the ethnopolitical process in the EU and Ukraine is justified, and the dual influence of regionalisation on separatism is revealed.
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Ganaie, Nasir Ahmad. "Drama of Separatism." Urban Studies and Public Administration 1, no. 2 (October 30, 2018): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v1n2p320.
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<p><em>Kashmir dispute is an extremely complicated phenomenon offering obviously an unmanageable challenge to contemporary conflict resolution methods and techniques. The research article attempts to investigate the relationship between the Hurriyat and unrest in Kashmir and in addition to this, it tries to examine the role of separatists powers in regulating the Kashmir unrest. The study is based on an argument that how the separatist parties are striking extremist politics on Kashmir issue and how they are preserving the power of separatism. The paper will examine the major reasons that are responsible for the growth of separatist forces, insurgency, unrest and how it gained momentum only after 1989. Finally, the paper will explore some of the contemporary trends prevailing in the Kashmir conflict.</em></p>
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Rudowski, Tomasz, and Piotr Sieniawski. "Latin America: The Region without Catalonia." International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal 25, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1641-4233.25.07.
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The aim of this article is to analyse the issue of “weak separatism” in Latin America as well as to give an answer to the question why there are no significant separatist movements in this region. The authors provide the definitions of separatism and secessionism as well as an explanation of these phenomena. Moreover, they present an overview of historical and contemporary separatist movements in Latin America. Based on Horowitz’s theory of ethnic separatism, the authors attempt to analyse the separatist movement “The South is My Country” in Brazil and compare it with separatism in Catalonia in Spain, where a referendum on independence from Spain was held in 2017, serving as an impetus for a similar referendum that took place in the South of Brazil. In spite of similar goals of these two separatist movements, the authors argue that there are significant differences in their nature, which are determined by the history and culture of the respective countries.
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Davies, Margaret. "Lesbian Separatism and Legal Positivism." Canadian journal of law and society 13, no. 1 (1998): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100005561.
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AbstractLegal positivism and lesbian separatism provide very different, yet comparable, approaches to the issue of separation. Legal positivism practices separation as a tool of dominance, while lesbian separatism is based upon the need for identity formation and resistance to dominance. By elaborating upon the justifications advanced for lesbian separatism, this article critiques the separateness defended by legal positivists, and highlights the effects of power and context upon the significance of separation. Thus separatism as a political objective is not rejected or supported, except insofar as it consolidates oppressive practices. However, a critique of the idea that separation is necessarily territorial and pure is also developped, and an alternative vision of separation based upon the work of María Lugones is proposed. It is suggested that a non-oppressive concept of law can only maintain its identity if an alternative understanding of its separateness evolves.
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Denisova, Tatyana S., and Sergey V. Kostelyanets. "International Aspects of Separatism in Contemporary Biafra." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 21, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): 747–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-4-747-757.
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In the 21st century, the world at large and Africa in particular have encountered the rise of separatism, which has become one of the major challenges to stability. In Africa, over 20 countries face separatist movements, some of which demand full secession, while the rest - greater autonomy within the existing state. Most of Africas secessionist projects remain insignificant in scope and ineffectual, largely due to the absence or weakness of external support for separatists and to the commitment of the international community to preserve, with rare exceptions, the territorial integrity of states. The paper analyzes the reasons for the revival of the movement for the secession of Biafra decades after the end of the civil war between the central government of Nigeria and the separatists and looks into the international aspects that could fuel the conflict and exacerbate the military-political situation in West Africa, which is already turbulent due to the activities of Boko Haram terrorist group, other Islamist groupings in the Sahel, Cameroonian separatists of Ambazonia, etc. The present paper attempts to fill the gap in Russian Africanist literature on the current situation in Biafra, which is especially urgent due to the growing threat of separatism in Africa. Employing the historical approach, the authors analyze the nature of external involvement in the 1967-1970 Nigerian conflict, as well as methods of contemporary Biafran separatists, who seek international support. The paper concludes that due to various internal circumstances, as well as the practical lack of external material assistance, the establishment of a new Republic of Biafra will remain a utopian project for at least a decade, although separatist sentiments is likely to spread and hinder the achievement of internal political stability in West Africa, which is ridden with an increasing number of hot spots.
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Vladyslav, Kubalskyi. "Bases of criminal legal counteraction to separatism." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 31 (2020): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2020-31-365-373.
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The criminal-law component is the most important element of the state-legal mechanism for combating separatism. The existing system of criminal-law protection of state sovereignty and territorial integrity and inviolability should be aimed at protecting against all existing and possible manifestations of separatism, taking into account current trends of its development. The methodological basis of the proposed article is traditional. In particular, used system-structural and formal-logical methods, which are covered by the general method of dialectical cognition. Criminal responsibility for separatism can only occur for specific crimes in which separatism is manifested as a phenomenon. In this regard, it is inappropriate to accept proposals for the legislative definition of the composition of the crime of “separatism” because of the particular complexity of this concept, because separatism is a complex of actions, and the article usually assumes responsibility for a specific action. At the present stage, it is advisable to adopt a special law to counteract separatism in order to systematically counteract this negative phenomenon. Criminal responsibility for separatist activity comes mainly under Art. 110 “Attack on the territorial integrity and inviolability of Ukraine” of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The so-called “separatist” acts may also be crimes under Article 109 “Actions aimed at violent alteration or overthrow of the constitutional order or seizure of state power”, 1102 “Financing actions taken for the purpose of violent alteration or overthrow of the constitutional order or seizure of state power, changes of borders of the territory or state border of Ukraine”, 111 “State treason”. The so-called “separatist” can be attributed to other crimes in certain cases. The so-called “separatist” can be attributed to other crimes in certain cases. It should be borne in mind that separatist activities may be accompanied by the commission of crimes under Articles 258 “Terrorist Act”, 2583 “Creation of terrorist group or terrorist organization”, 260 “Creation of non-statutory paramilitary or armed formations”, 341 “Capture of state or civil structures” etc.
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Gusarov, Sergiy Mykolaiovych, Olha Zolotar, Marina Belanuk, and Liudmyla Viktorivna Svyrydova. "Legal Principles of Opposition to Separatism in the Modern State." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 29 (May 18, 2020): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.29.05.4.
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The objective of this article is to determine the factors that contribute to separatism in different countries of the world, as well as to find those means (forms and methods) of counteraction that would lead to an effective and preferably painless solution to such problems. The subject matter of the analysis in this article is social relations that are associated with counteracting the tendencies of separatism in the modern world, as well as the legal basis of such opposition. The following methods of scientific cognition were used while writing the article: systematic approach, logical, semantic, documentary, comparative and legal method. The urgent nature of the research problem has been noted, since the problem of the emergence of separatist movements is quite real for every country in the world. The definitions of the terms of “opposition to separatism” and “legal basis of opposition to separatism” have been offered. Suggestions in regard to overcome this negative phenomenon in a particular state have been provided. Factors that are the “catalysts” of separatism tendencies have been distinguished and stated in details. The historically recorded separatist movements and methods of overcoming them have been analyzed. The authors have made the conclusion about the individual causes and manifestations of separatism in a particular state. It has been proved that the existence of individual features associated with separatism, complicates to a large extent the creation of unique methods to combat this socio-political phenomenon. The authors have emphasized on the urgent need to improve the regulatory base of Ukraine on combating and preventing separatism, in particular, to develop and implement effective preventive, punitive and restorative mechanisms.
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Wijaya, Ayudhia Ratna, and B. R. Suryo Baskoro. "Representasi Islam dalam Pidato Presiden Prancis Terkait Kebijakan Melawan Separatisme." Metahumaniora 12, no. 1 (April 27, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/metahumaniora.v12i1.36643.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini berfokus pada representasi Islam dala pidato Presiden Prancis Emmanuel Macron yang berjudul “discours du president de la République sur le thème de la lute contre les séparatismes”. Pidato tersebut menimbulkan banyak polemik di berbagai negara muslim terkait opini atas pemahaman isi pidato tersebut. Pemberitaan yang ditampilkan oleh berbagai media lokal prancis maupun internasional dunia belum memberikan penggambaran menyeluruh atas analisis pidato tersebut yang berkaitan dengan representasi muslim. Oleh karena itu, melalui analisis wacana kritis van Leeuwen dan pendekatan korpus linguistik berbasis software AntConc, penelitian ini mengungkap representasi islam yang ditampilkan dalam pidato tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa dominasi penggunaan leksem sebesar 73% pada pidato tersebut yang menggambarkan maksud pemerintah prancis dalam upaya melindungi negara dari berbagai ancaman radikalisme. Selanjutnya, 27% konkordansi leksem ditemukan representasi islam yang diasosiasikan dengan gerakan separatism, ektrimisme, dan radikalisme. Asosiasi tersebut tidak secara langsung menggeneralisasi islam sebagai agama radikal, melainkan secara khusus mengacu pada salafi dan wahabi sebagai contoh gerakan separatis islam. Kata kunci: Representasi Islam; Emmanuel Macron; Separatisme Abstract This study focuses on the representation of Islam in French President Emmanuel Macron's speech entitled "discours du president de la République sur le thème de la lutte contre les separatismes". The speech caused a lot of polemics in various Muslim countries regarding the opinions on the understanding of speech's contents. The local French media and international media have not provided a comprehensive analysis of the speech related to Muslim representation in the speech. Therefore, through van Leeuwen's critical discourse analysis and AntConc's software-based corpus linguistics approach, this research reveals the representation of Islam that is displayed in the speech. Based on the results of the study, it was found that 73% of dominance lexemes in the speech described the French government's intention in an effort to protect the country from various threats of radicalism. Furthermore, only 27% of lexeme concordance represented Islam which is associated with separatism, extremism, and radicalism movements. The association does not directly generalize Islam as a radical religion, but specifically refers to the Salafi and Wahhabism as examples of Islamic separatist movements.Keywords: Islam Representation; Emmanuel Macron; Separatism
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Medvedev, Nikolay P., Dmitry E. Slizovskiy, Hafizullah Jawad, Randah Madingue, and Nguyen Thi Hoang Oanh. "Political Extremism and Separatism: Brief Review and Analysis of Studies." Journal of Politics and Law 13, no. 2 (May 25, 2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n2p144.
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The article presents a brief review of the studies of political extremism and separatism and the processes associated with them published in Russian and English over the past 10 years. In the center of the analysis is an attempt to describe the specifics and features of the dominant centers for the formation of a new academic and propaganda language that creates the content of ideas about the modern stage of separatism. The results of the study show that the current stage of the global world order and thinking form a different scale and priorities of the reasons and motives for the separatism use. The structure and significance of separatism factors and ideas about it change, but the content of power and politics and the dominant groups of influence, do not change. The separatism tension points have shifted from the traditional causes and motives for the growth of separatist sentiment to a combination of crude and veiled support for separatism and the use of its potential on a global scale by the governments of the leading countries. The process of reformatting the consciousness and politics of the supporters of separatism, who have created their own nation-states, has gained momentum.
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Sianturi, Binsar Hatorangan, and Margaretha Hanita. "Optimalisasi Peran Polri dalam Penanganan Kelompok Kriminal Bersenjata di Papua." Jurnal Keamanan Nasional 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/jkn.v6i1.451.
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Prevention and overcoming separatism is an important part of the government's agenda in realizing a safe and peaceful Indonesia. The implementation of development in all regions of the country within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is always accompanied by comprehensive efforts to prevent and overcome separatism. One of the complicated problems that still seizes a lot of attention from the nation and state of the Republic of Indonesia until now is undeniable is the separatist movement that develops in several regions of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). The separatist movement in Papua has now become an issue that has not yet found a solution based on a comprehensive and dynamic strategy in the context of adjusting to developments in Papua. Various police efforts have been and continue to be carried out in order to overcome separatism of armed criminal groups (KKB) in Papua. This study aims to examine the extent of the role of the Police in efforts to combat separatism in Papua and measures to optimize that role.
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Oskolkov, P. V. "Ethnoregional Separatism in Europe: Disintegration vs. Integration?" Journal of International Analytics 12, no. 3 (October 20, 2021): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2021-12-3-59-71.
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Having been in the 2000s far from the spotlight of the news, European separatism is gradually returning to the information fi eld, which is partly due to the alerting reports from Scotland and Catalonia. The paper attempts to answer the following questions: what is the nature of the ethnoregional separatism in the EU, how does disintegrational agenda cohabit with the European integration dynamics, and what are the prospects for European separatism. The review of the theoretical framework within which ethnic and regionalist separatism exists is followed by the analysis of the empirics gained from diff erent European regions claiming independence or autonomy, such as Scotland, Catalonia, Flanders, Brittany, and many others, in 2000–2021. The author attempts to demythologize the widespread misconception about separatism as a potentially deadly threat to the EU nation-states or the European unity. The research is situated within the constructivist view towards ethnicity and the symbolic practices employed by the separatists; this paradigm is complemented by the institutional approach to the EU governing bodies and practices. The author comes to the following conclusions: currently, disintegrative projects within the EU nation-states cannot be successful, because of the position of the EU and the member states, and due to the uncertainties in the ethnic regions themselves (however, Scotland makes for an important exception, because of Brexit). Most separatist cases in the EU are either of instrumental or of a pure autonomist nature and do not enjoy any support from the integrational grouping that is not ready for the troubles the “internal extension” might cause. Moreover, if in the late 20th century, a discernible trend for decentralization and devolution was present, now the pendulum took the reversed direction, or at least remains unmoving; the author observes the trend for recentralization or at least for the freezing of the current fragile balance.
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Yuyan, Zhang. "FROM PAN-TURKISM TO XINJIANG SEPARATISM: AN ANALYSIS OF TURKIC FACTOR." Вестник Пермского университета. Политология 16, no. 1 (2022): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2218-1067-2022-1-94-105.
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The conflict caused by cultural differences is one of the reasons for the emergence and development of Pan-Turkism and Xinjiang separatism, and there is a clear connection between them. This article aims to answer two questions: what is the common ground for the association between Pan-Turkism and Xinjiang separatism and for the cultural differences that drive the emergence and development of the two? The research shows the "Turkic factor" to be a common foundation. The author argues that the Turkic factor is the socio-cultural basis that promotes the emergence and development of both Pan-Turkism and Xinjiang separatism. First, the Turkic factor is the premise and condition for the emergence, spread and three transformations in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey of Pan-Turkism. Second, the Turkic factor is the cultural basis of Xinjiang separatism, and it is constantly politicized and instrumentalized by Xinjiang separatism. Third, the Uyghurization of Turkic factor and Pan-Turkism is no doubt an inevitable consequence of the development of separatism, however, they are clearly different in the process, causes, methods, and results of Uyghurization. Finally, after being shaped by Xinjiang separatist forces, the content of the Turkic factor has been divided into two parts in Xinjiang.
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Orji, Nkwachukwu. "Why Biafran struggle persists: A study in conflict termination and recurrence." IKENGA International Journal of Institute of African Studies 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53836/ijia/2022/23/2/005.
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This article examines the reasons for the resurgence, persistence and recent intensification of the Biafran separatist struggle in Nigeria. It argues that three key contextual issues account for the resurgence of Biafra separatism, namely identity politics, political economy, and state-society relations. While the level of feeling of exclusion and collective victimisation by the separatists explain the persistence of Biafra separatism, the current momentum and escalation of the struggle can be linked to the perceived decline in the capacity of the state and certain government actions and inactions, which have led to a rapid increase in the corps of willing agitators. To de-escalate the conflict and achieve lasting peace, the article calls for a peacebuilding programme that is anchored in social justice, where the goal is not just to stop direct violence, but to address the underlying issues that gave rise to the conflict in the first place.
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Prisac, Lidia. "Abordarea conflictului transnistrean în stânga Nistrului și în lucrările proseparatiste / Approaching the Transnistrian conflict on the left bank of the Dniester in the pro-separatist works as well." PLURAL. History, Culture, Society 9, no. 2 (November 20, 2021): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/plural.v9i2_12.
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The article reveals the historiographical approach of Transnistrian separatism in the works of pro-separatist authors, Russian and those publicized in the Eastern part of the Republic of Moldova. The author presents the works that appeared until 2005. As it is ascertained, researchers dwell upon the Transnistrian separatism problem from the position of the environment they were rooted in, projecting their research results on the present and the future, or out of the need to aliment and decode their identity, to feed their imagination. The pro-separatist historiography includes the same ideas regarding the MSSR history. This means nothing but “the translation” of the past into present or the mechanic and passionate protection of the present into the past, the positive or negative capitalization of historical events, or decline in the run of deformation and fabrication in pro-separatist historiography was produced due to an ideological approach of the Transnistrian problem. Albeit, generally speaking, all authors both from Transnistria and the Russian Federation recognize the impact of the Russian Federation in generating and perpetuating the Transnistrian separatism.
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KILYBAYEV, Nurlybek A., and Yernar N. ESTEUSIZOV. "Separatism as a Threat to the National Security of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Problems of Counteraction." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v10.3(41).15.
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The authors of the research consider issues of counteracting modern manifestations of separatism in the context of ensuring regional security in accordance with the international and criminal legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis results are exemplified not only by separatist manifestations in certain states but also their possible spread through Central Asia due to common interests and cross-border cooperation. The authors study the criminal law of the Republic of Kazakhstan regulating liability for separatist activities and draw conclusions on improving the existing legislation to effectively prevent and combat separatist crimes. They also consider aspects of international cooperation aimed at fighting against separatism in the context of their historical formation and prevention prospects.
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Williams, Colin H. "Ethnic Separatism." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 24, no. 61 (April 12, 2005): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/021459ar.
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The paper outlines the main characteristics of ethnic separatism as a process. It then analyses two theories designed to explain the resurgence of reactive peripheral identity, the Internal Colonial thesis and the role of the ethnic intelligentsia. Some of the inherent contradictions in the Parti Québécois's attempt to create a genuine Québécois nation through the promotion of French culture are explored as are some of the pitfalls of a referendum on Sovereignty-Association.
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Mason, S. C. W. "Islamic Separatism?" British Journal of Religious Education 8, no. 2 (March 1986): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0141620860080209.
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Kaufman, Jason. "Sacralizing Separatism." Sociological Forum 22, no. 4 (October 26, 2007): 584–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1573-7861.2007.00039.x.
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Tessier, L. J. “Tess.” "Feminist Separatism." Process Studies 18, no. 2 (1989): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/process198918237.
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Haokip, Telsing Letkhosei. "Ethnic Separatism." South Asia Research 35, no. 1 (February 2015): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728014560473.
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Obushnyj, Mykola. "PECULIARITIES OF CONFLICT NATURE OF SEPARATISM IN MODERN UKRAINE." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 29 (2021): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2021.29.16.
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The article is devoted to a retrospective analysis of the peculiarities of separatist conflict in Ukraine. The author connects the appearance of each feature of the separatism conflict with the level of socio-economic, political and spiritual development at which Ukrainians were at one or another time in their history. Since the almost 200-year stay of Russian (Ukrainian) lands in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by the author (as well as mostly domestic researchers) is not seen as an invasion of a foreign horde, but as a "gathering of Russian lands" from the Tatar yoke of the Golden Horde, coinciding with interests of Ukrainians, so they did not show separatist sentiments towards Lithuanian princes. However, the subsequent socio-political changes associated with the loss of remnants of state autonomy in the Ukrainian lands during the rule of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and especially after the "reunification" of Ukraine and Russia led to not only separatist tendencies but also separatism as it is. Because after the signing of a conditionally combined series of documents called the Pereyaslav Agreement in 1654, many magnates of the Ukrainian clergy, a number of representatives of the Ukrainian nobility and Cossack officers and even part of the regiments of the Hetmanate showed separatism and refused to swear allegiance to the Moscow tsar. This step was supported by the vast majority of the Ukrainian population - the peasants, who were not sworn in at all. Ukrainians also showed frequent separatist sentiments during the Soviet era. The most obvious in this context were Ukrainian dissidents, who laid the first bricks in the foundation of Ukrainian state independence. After Ukraine's independence, the peculiarities of separatist conflict, although due to somewhat modified reasons related to the polyethnic and multi-religious composition of the country's population and total support for separatist sentiments among some Russian-speaking citizens on the part of Russia, remain unchanged. Ukraine, using for this or that kind of (secession, irredentism, enosis or devolution) separatism. The peculiarity of the use of each type of separatism in Ukraine is that they are all used with Russian utensils. It is about Russia's occupation of Crimea and ORDLO with the use of "green men" in the first case, and Russian-Ukrainian war in the second, and separatist-minded Russian-speaking Ukrainian citizens, who are called to hide Russia's true intentions on the way to its expansion into Ukraine.
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BELMEKKI, Belkacem. "Hindu Fanaticism in British India: A Catalyst for Muslim Separatism?" Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 16, no. 3 (October 2013): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2013.16.3.12.
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A great deal of research has been devoted to the explanation of the phenomenon of Muslim separatism/communalism in British India. In the main, scholars have been divided between, on the one hand, the Primordialists (such as Francis Robinson) who argued that this separatist tendency was an inevitable corollary pre-ordained from pre-modern times given the fundamental distinctions between the Muslim culture and the Hindu one, and on the other hand, the Instrumentalists (such as Paul Brass), who saw in this separatism nothing more than a stratagem orchestrated by the Muslim elite in order to safeguard their interests. This article, however, is an attempt to look at Muslim separatism from a different angle, that of fear of the Hindu majority.
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Zernetska, O. "Experience of Fighting against Separatism in Great Britain." Problems of World History, no. 6 (October 30, 2018): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2018-6-10.
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Separatism in Great Britain is one of the biggest problems. It is closely connected with the building of the British Empire and continues to exist as a cause of it disintegration. Home and internationalcauses of separatism in Great Britain are detected in this article. One concerns home affairs and deals with the processes of separation of Northern Ireland and Scotland from Britain. The other lies in thesphere of international affairs and deals with the exit of Great Britain from European Union. The background of these processes has been analyzed and was proved that military actions have not beensuccessful. The best way is the three parts negotiations and compromises from the metropolitan state. It was exposed that to solve issues of international affairs such as separation of Great Britain from EUat the same time with separatism movements at home gives the latters the opportunity to leave metropolis and gain independence.
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Denisova, Tatyana, and Sergey Kostelyanets. "Ghana: Separatism in Western Togoland." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 10-2 (October 1, 2021): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202110statyi28.
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The article analyzes the reasons for the rise of separatist sentiments in Ghana’s eastern region of Volta, which became part of Ghana only after the country gained independence in 1957. The authors examine the activities of separatist organizations and the reaction of incumbent government of Nana Akufo-Addo, as well as the factors preventing the secession of the eastern region and/or its annexation to neighboring Togo. The relevance of the subject of the study is due to both the growing threat of separatism in Africa and the absence in Russian African Studies of works devoted to this aspect of contemporary history of Ghana.
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Kostelyanets, Sergey V. "Biafra: the Revival and Proliferation of Separatism." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 5 (2021): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080015110-8.
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The weak cohesion of African societies, predetermined by their ethnic, linguistic and religious heterogeneity, leads to a great propensity for the spread of separatist sentiments in Africa. The overwhelming majority of existing scholarly works note the continent's tendency towards separatism and irredentism. Indeed, the number of separatist movements in Africa is constantly growing; currently there are more of them than there were in the first postcolonial decades, although only a few of them have been “successful”. The present paper analyzes the reasons for the revival of a secessionist movement in southeastern Nigeria several decades after the end of the 1967-1970 Biafran War. The authors consider activities of separatist organizations that emerged in Biafra in the 2000s-2010s, the reaction of the government of Muhammadu Buhari, and factors hindering the establishment of a new “sovereign state” in the region. The relevance of the present paper is determined both by the growing threat of separatism in Africa and by the lack of research on the current situation in Biafra in Russian-language literature. The authors employ theoretical-analytical and systemic-historical methods to analyze the threat of separatism in Nigeria and conclude that the creation of a new “Republic of Biafra” will remain a utopian project for at least the next decade, yet separatist sentiments will spread and hinder the achievement of internal political stability in the country, which is already experiencing conflicts due to the activities of Boko Haram, tensions between farmers and pastoralists, and militancy in the Niger Delta.
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Frolov, Yulia N. "Youth factor in the separatism development in Spain. The case of Catalonia and Basque Country." Latinskaia Amerika, no. 8 (2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044748x0015380-7.
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The article is dedicated to the issue of young people role in separatism in Spain. The phenomenon of separatism is considered as a system where young people can be both a part of the system and an external factor. An attempt is made to trace the evolution of the youth involvement in separatist movements, as well as to identify the main current trends in the attitude of young people to the ideas of nationalism, specifically in the autonomous communities of Catalonia and the Basque Country. The article investigates the results of European empirical studies on the problem of young people political participation both in Spain and in other EU countries, as well as a number of sociological studies on the attitude of the youth to the issues of separatism, nationalism and radicalism. As a result, a number of conclusions are made that indicate the existence of multidirectional trends among modern young Spaniards on issues of separatism, some of these trends are features of the current situation and were not typical for Spanish society earlier.
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SHKHAGAPSOEV, ZAURBI, and RUSLAN KARDANOV. "THE PROBLEM OF SEPARATISM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE REGIONS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS)." Sociopolitical Sciences 12, no. 3 (June 28, 2022): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2022-12-3-82-85.
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Separatism is aimed at undermining the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state. Separatist ideas are especially pronounced in the border areas. Geographic characteristics, the degree of economic development, the demographic picture of the regions and a number of other factors determine the uniqueness of each of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. As an example, the authors consider the North Caucasus, which, by its characteristics and level of regional development, is one of the most problematic regions in terms of the development of ideas of extremism, terrorism and separatism. The ethno-confessional factor is one of the key reasons for the emergence of pockets of separatism in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District, since in the conditions of a poly-religious and multi-ethnic society, any potentially significant conflict that had nothing to do with religion or national issues can develop into an ethno-confessional problem. The author comes to the conclusion that ethno-confessional conflicts in the conditions of the North Caucasus can quickly become the reason for the intensification of the development of separatist ideas.
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Obushnyi, Mykola. "SEPARATISM IN THE CONFLICTIZATION OF PUBLIC LIFE." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 24 (2019): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2019.24.22.
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The article deals with the coverage of one of the most conflicting contemporary social phenomena - separatism. Its emergence is compounded by the widespread of contradiction between two principles of modern international law - the selfdetermination of peoples and the territorial integrity of states. In seeking for resolving of this contradiction, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe recommends protecting the possibility of exercising the right of ethnic minorities to their selfdetermination without providing an autonomous right to their separation. Thus, the recommendation of the Parliamentary Assembly not only provided ample opportunity for a deeper understanding of the principle of self-determination of nations, but also expanded the use of new varieties of separatism terms: secession; irredentism; enosis; devolution. To confirm this conclusion, we have analyzed the activities of a number of separatist parties and movements legally operating in Europe, in particular in the United Kingdom (Scottish National Party), Canada (Liberal Party of Quebec), Spain (Buck Nationalist Party, Catalonia Independence Movement), etc. Concerning Catalonia's independence, the article emphasized that today in Europe, as in the whole world, such a political and legal situation has emerged that it is impossible to recognize its independence. Accordingly, any protests by the Catalans will be considered as unconstitutional. Given the conflicting nature of separatism both in Catalonia and in other regions of European countries, it is possible that the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe may subsequently propose changes and additions to the interpretation of international legal principles in order to more effectively remove the contradiction between the right of nations and the right to self-expression territorial integrity of states.
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Waty, Reni Rentika, Ibrahim Mifthafariz Mirza, and Najmi Muhammad Fadli. "Separatism Movement and Contemporary Reconciliation: Causes and its Impact towards Political Development in Papua." Jurnal Studi Sosial dan Politik 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/jssp.v6i2.11953.
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The separatism occurs in Papua that comes from the root of complex problems, resulting in ongoing conflict between the Free Papua Organization (OPM) and the state. Separatism and conflict in Papua have had a significant impact on political development. This research uses Tedd Robert Gurr's theory of relative deprivation and Lucian Pye's theory of political development as well as qualitative methods. This research examines conflicts and separatism that occur in Papua and their relation to Papuan political development. The result of this research indicates that political development in Papua has not been successful. The discrepancy between expectations for progress and realities can lead to significant political violence. The strengthening of collective discontent can be politicized and produce radical and even separatist resistance movements. These conditions can hinder the course of the political development process, because of the difficulty of building integration and creating political stability.
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KHENKIN, S. M. "SEPARATISM, CATALONIAN WAY." World Economy and International Relations 62, no. 5 (May 2018): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2018-62-5-29-40.
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Stiranka, M. B. "Concept of separatism." Herald of Lviv University of Trade and Economics. Law sciences, no. 7 (2018): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36477/2616-7611-2018-07-23.
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Boyajian, Vahe. "On Baluchi Separatism." Iran and the Caucasus 3, no. 1 (1999): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338499x00326.
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FISHMAN, JOSHUA A. "Bilingualism and Separatism." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 487, no. 1 (September 1986): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716286487001011.
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Petrović, Rajko. "Economic aspects of Catalan separatism." Oditor - casopis za Menadzment, finansije i pravo 4, no. 2 (2018): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/oditor1802006p.
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Denisova, T. S., and S. V. Kostelyanets. "Separatism in South Cameroon: Sources and Prospects." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 14, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 194–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-1-10.
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In the 2010s, the issue of separatism in Africa gained special significance in connection with the emergence in 2011 of a new state – the Republic of South Sudan (RSS), where a military and political conflict has continued throughout the entire period of independent development, accompanied by massive casualties among the civilian population. The situation in the RSS underscores the weakness of secessionism as a tool for solving the problems of national identity, socio-economic development and political marginalization, and also raises the question of whether separatism in Africa is able to lead to stability, an improvement in living standards and an increase in the level of security of citizens of breakaway territories. The present paper examines the historical background of separatism in South Cameroon and of organizations and armed groups fighting for the separation of the region from the Republic of Cameroon and for the independence of the self-declared Republic of Ambazonia. Currently, the country is engulfed in a military and political conflict, the parties to which are the central (Francophone) government and the Anglophone secessionist movements, which include dozens of armed groups with varying goals and interests and which fight among themselves for influence on local communities, resources, and the right to represent Cameroon’s Anglophone minority in the international arena. In fact, South Cameroon is now in a state of war of all against all. The situation in South Cameroon is compounded by the fact that President Paul Biya’s government simultaneously has to fend off attacks by Boko Haram terrorists in the far north of the country and deal with a socio-economic crisis, which is accompanied by rising unemployment, which, in turn, allows insurgents to expand their ranks with relative ease. The authors note, however, that the separatists do not enjoy the support of the world community and, unlike many other African rebel movements, receive hardly any financial or military-technical assistance from outside, which dooms their armed struggle and increases the consequence of a peaceful agreement with the government.
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Gladii, Andrzej. "Konteksty oraz uwarunkowania ruchu separatystycznego we wschodnim regionie Ukrainy w 2014 roku." Refleksje. Pismo naukowe studentów i doktorantów WNPiD UAM, no. 13 (October 31, 2018): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/r.2016.1.3.
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In this paper was taken an attempt to research the causes of separatism in the Donbass based on a multi-faceted inquiry. Donbass has always been a key region in Ukraine. In many cases here were decided the political and economic destiny of the state. This region is the most socially and economically diversified. Donbass is a place of the most dangerous working conditions and the enormous social inequalities in Ukraine.In 2014 after the events at the Euromaidan Donbass was a field of fighting between the Ukrainian government and Russian-backed separatists. The issue of separatism in Ukraine remains unresolved.
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Denisova, Tatyana, and Sergey Kostelyanets. "Separatism in the Angolan Province of Cabinda." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 2-1 (February 1, 2022): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202202statyi06.
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The article analyzes the historical reasons and modern factors of the rise of separatist sentiment in Angola’s province of Cabinda. The authors consider the socioeconomic situation in the region, the activities of separatist groups, the reaction of the Angolan government, and the role of the enclave’s rich natural resources in the struggle for self-determination.
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Berkii, Tetiana. "Separatism — the Main Threat for Internal Security." Internal Security 11, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8210.
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This article is devoted to separatism as a global phenomenon of modern times. Separatism is considered a large-scale phenomenon of the present, which can cause irreparable consequences for state independence. The concept of separatism is analysed in accordance with different dictionaries that interpret this phenomenon. The concept of separatism is analysed using the comparative method, namely, separatism is compared with the solar system. The main types of separatism are analysed, depending of the region, country and the sphere of its expression. Examples of each of them are given in the article. If we consider separatism as a movement or a process that wants to separate from the state, then, depending on the purpose, the following forms of separatism are distinguished: secession, irredentism, and devolution. The positions of the representatives of the scientific world community about secession are highlighted, its main advantages and disadvantages are revealed. The article highlights the interesting positions of scientists who consider separatism as a positive phenomenon in the process of nation-building. As an example of irredentism, the situation with the Crimea is described. Crimea was an autonomous region within the nation of Ukraine until March 2014 after a shady referendum it was taken over by the Russian police.
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Kilimnik, Evgenii Vital'evich. "Operative activities of the Ministry of the Interior of Lithuania against national-separatists in 1944 - 1953." Полицейская деятельность, no. 2 (February 2021): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0692.2021.2.35439.
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Based on the historical-legal approach, the author studies the national-separatist organization The Forest Brothers that was acting in Lithuania in 1944 - 1953 and was resisting the authorities by means of terrorist acts. The research subject is the set of measures aimed at suppressing nationalist armed groups. Special attention to this research is caused by the necessity to analyze the activities of the Forest Brothers, as in Lithuania since the Post-Soviet period, the actions of nationalists have been heroified, many of whom, during the occupation, served in divisions under the German administration. The purpose of the research is the historical and legal assessment of the activities of separatists in postwar Lithuania. Special attention is given to the operative activities of NKVD aimed at suppressing regional extremism and introducing legal order in postwar Lithuania. Special contribution of the author is the consideration of the problem of national-separatism in Lithuania. It’s been established that to suppress and oppose the Forest Brothers, the bodies of NKVD and the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic developed a set of operative, tactical and ideological measures which helped as early as by the late 1945 to change the situation in the Republic and achieve the permanent annual decrease of destructive actions of nationalists, and since the late 1940s - the early 1950s to fully control the criminogenic situation in the Republic. It’s been established that the set of measures against Lithuanian separatists consisted of five main directions which included the creation of People's Defense Platoons known as “Destroyers”, constant mopping up of forests for extinguishing the resistance zones, intelligence work, large scale amnesty of fighters, deportation of persons who shared the ideas and supported nationalism and separatism. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the critical scientific insight into Lithuanian separatism, its prerequisites and methods of struggling against it by the internal affairs bodies of Lithuania in 1944 - 1953.
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Siregar, Christian. "Pancasila, Keadilan Sosial, dan Persatuan Indonesia." Humaniora 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v5i1.2988.
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The rise of separatism that raises with the emergence of separatist groups with their idealistic-communal ideas to create a more democratic and more equitable life recently is quite apprehensive. It is felt in the midst of efforts from various parties—both the government and non-government—to preserve the unity and unification of Indonesia. Should this problem be solved with horizontal conflict and separation option (disintegration) regarding that conflict can’t be and will never be the best solution for problems. This article was made as a response to the related nationality problem with the expectation that this can be one alternative solution for an existing problem-solving effort.
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Kaczorowski, Bartosz. "Rosja wobec separatyzmu katalońskiego (2014-2017)." Politeja 16, no. 4(61) (December 31, 2019): 359–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.16.2019.61.20.
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Russia and Catalonian Separatism
The article analyzes the attitude of Russia towards the increasing importance of Catalonian separatism. Moscow, despite its official recognition of the problemas Spain’s internal affair, has carried out various actions in order to strengthen the separatist movement, mainly by activity in cyberspace. The aims of these steps were to undermine the stability of West European states, to present them as violating human rights and to weaken NATO and the European Union. Russian actions were treated by Spain as directed against its territorial integrity and asa result, they increased awareness of this problem in the Spanish public opinion. As a consequence, a shift of Madrid’s policy towards Moscow is very highly probable.
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Sharan, O. V. "National and international political mechanisms of suppression of separatism in the Balkan states." Науково-теоретичний альманах "Грані" 22, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/17199.
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The article firstly identifies and reveales the essence of national and international political mechanisms of suppression of separatism that have been applied in the Balkan states, in particular, in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The national mechanisms of suppression of separatism include legal, financial, administrative, information mechanisms, and among the international political mechanisms are international legal mechanisms, the mechanism of recognition or non-recognition of the independence of new states, international financial and economic instruments. The study showed the dynamics of the most important events that took place in the Balkans after the collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, in particular during the Croatian War of Independence in 1991-1995, the Bosnian War in 1992–1995, and during Kosovo’s struggle for independence from Serbia. The revival of separatist movements in the Balkan Peninsula began as a result of the overthrow of the communist regimes and the strengthening of centrifugal tendencies in Central and Eastern Europe in the 90’s of the twentieth century. The interethnic distrust and constant tension became one of the reasons for the beginning of the civil wars in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina after the collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Moreover, the article characterized the concept of «Great Albania», which involves the reunification of all the territories where the Albanian ethnic group lives. Several regions of Macedonia, Montenegro, the Epirus region in Greece and Kosovo should be part of the «Greater Albania». Furthermore, the study considers the experience of suppression of separatism of Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, the possibility of its use in Ukraine and other countries where separatist tendencies dominate, in order to avoid human victims, preserve territorial integrity and inviolability of borders. Consequently, separatism is a dangerous phenomenon that contains an enormous threat to the national security and territorial integrity, since it is related to the change of borders of the existing states and creation of the new countries on the political map of the world.
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Qvortrup, Matt. "Referendums, democracy and separatism." Review of Nationalities 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pn-2020-0001.
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Abstract There have been referendums on separatism for longer than there has been democracy. Allowing areas to vote on independence or on whether to belong to another state or territory is a practice that goes back as far as the 14th century, though it is only in the 20th century that it really took off. While many claim a right to self-determination’, there is no formal legal right to hold referendums on secession, unless there are constitutional provisions for this, a specific agreement between the parties, or if the country is a former colony. Of the referendums on independence that have been held, very few have yielded yes’ votes in developed democratic societies.
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Elliott, Ira, and Dana R. Shugar. "Separatism and Women's Community." American Literature 68, no. 3 (September 1996): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2928263.
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Radzievskii, Vitalii Aleksandrovich. "Separatism as cultural anomaly." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture 1 (March 2019): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2019-1-26-31.
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Clout, Hugh, and John R. G. Jenkins. "Jura Separatism in Switzerland." Geographical Journal 153, no. 3 (November 1987): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/633678.
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Gupta, Amit Kumar. "Elitism, Factionalism and Separatism." History and Sociology of South Asia 4, no. 2 (July 2010): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223080751000400202.
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Campbell, Patricia B. "Beyond Problems and Separatism." Educational Researcher 27, no. 9 (December 1998): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x027009014.
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Schaeffer, Robert. "Separatism and national partition." Peace Review 6, no. 1 (March 1994): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659408425770.
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