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Academic literature on the topic 'Séquençage NGS'
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Journal articles on the topic "Séquençage NGS"
Nitschke, P. "Séquençage de nouvelle génération (NGS) : mythes et réalités." Annales d'Endocrinologie 75, no. 5-6 (October 2014): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2014.07.039.
Full textVIGNAL, A. "Etat actuel du séquençage et de la connaissance du génome des espèces animales." INRAE Productions Animales 24, no. 4 (September 8, 2011): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.4.3272.
Full textBeguet, Mathilde, Laura Blouin, and Xavier Lafarge. "Mise en évidence en NGS de nouveaux allèles non détectés en séquençage classique." Transfusion Clinique et Biologique 24, no. 3 (September 2017): 348–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tracli.2017.06.213.
Full textCoquerelle, S., M. Darlington, N. Mezaour, C. Preudhomme, E. Mc Intyre, and I. Durand-Zaleski. "Séquençage Haut Débit (NGS) dans les hémopathies malignes et évaluation médico-économique–PRME RUBIH2." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 67 (June 2019): S190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2019.04.049.
Full textNga Brignol, Tuy. "Génétique : Apport du séquençage de nouvelle génération (NGS) dans le diagnostic des maladies neuromusculaires." médecine/sciences 32 (November 2016): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/201632s212.
Full textVenot, Quitterie, and Guillaume Canaud. "Les syndromes de surcroissance segmentaire et les stratégies thérapeutiques." médecine/sciences 36, no. 3 (March 2020): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020023.
Full textCoquerelle, S., M. Darlington, C. Preudhomme, E. Mac Intyre, and I. Durand-Aaleski. "Séquençage haut debit (NGS) et évaluation médico-économique dans les hémopathies malignes : le PRME RUBIH2." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 67 (May 2019): S161—S162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2019.03.044.
Full textLe Cann, Pierre, Delphine Méheust, Tina Reponen, Stephen Vesper, and Jean-Pierre Gangneux. "Intérêt du séquençage haut-débit (NGS) sur prélèvements d’air pour la caractérisation de l’exposition fongique domiciliaire." Journal de Mycologie Médicale 25, no. 3 (September 2015): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.06.013.
Full textBoleto, G., L. Biard, P. Cacoub, I. Touitou, and D. Saadoun. "Séquençage par NGS (next-generation sequencing) dans les maladies auto-inflammatoires associées à la stomatite aphteuse récidivante." Revue du Rhumatisme 87 (December 2020): A97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rhum.2020.10.167.
Full textKrahn, Martin, Nicolas Lévy, and Marc Bartoli. "Le séquençage de nouvelle génération (Next-Generation Sequencing, ou NGS) appliqué au diagnostic de maladies monogéniques hétérogènes." Les Cahiers de Myologie, no. 13 (June 2016): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/myolog/201613008.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Séquençage NGS"
Boutte, Julien. "Identification et évolution des séquences orthologues par séquençage massif chez les polyploïdes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S154/document.
Full textNext generation sequencing (NGS) technologies offer new opportunities to explore polyploid genomes and their corresponding transcriptomes. However, transcriptome assemblies and identification of homoeologous gene copies (duplicated by polyploidy) remain challenging, particularly in the context of recurrent polyploidy and the absence of diploid reference parents. Spartina species (Poaceae, Chloridoideae) represent an excellent system to study the short term consequences of hybridization and polyploidization in natural populations. The European S. maritima (hexaploid) hybridized twice with the American S. alterniflora (hexaploid) following its recent introduction to Europe, which resulted in the formation of two homoploid hybrids (S. x townsendii and S. x neyrautii). Whole genome duplication of S. x townsendii resulted in the fertile new allododecaploid S. anglica species (during the 19th century) that has now invaded saltmarshes on several continents. Identification of duplicated genes in S. anglica and its parental species is critical to understand its evolutionary success but their high ploidy levels require the development of adapted tools. In this context, we developed and validated different bioinformatics tools to detect polymorphisms and identify the different haplotypes from NGS datasets. These approaches enabled the study of the heterogeneity of the highly repeated 45S rDNA in S. maritima. In order to develop transcriptomic resources for these species, 5 new reference transcriptomes (110 423 annotated contigs for the 5 species with 37 867 non-redundant contigs) were assembled and annotated. Co-alignments of parental and hybrid/allopolyploid haplotypes allowed the identification of homoeoSNPs discriminating homoelogs. The divergence between duplicated genes was used to identify and confirm the recent duplication events in Spartina. Phylogenomic approaches on Spartina were also initiated in this thesis in the perspective of exploring the evolutionary history of the duplicated copies
Becmeur-Lefebvre, Mathilde. "Identification de nouveaux genes responsables d'anomalies du développement par séquençage haut débit d'exome." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK080.
Full textMultiple congenital anomalies (MCA) are often genetic conditions, with a risk of recurrence. The etiologic diagnosis of these conditions in fetuses is mandatory to allow genetic counseling for the future pregnancies. Regarding current diagnostic tests (fetal autopsy, cytogenetic test and targeted molecular tets), the diagnostic rate in MCA fetuses is about 30%, allowing genetic counselling in only one third of families. Exome sequencing (ES) has allowed to identify the molecular basis of many new syndromes.We aimed to assess the contribution of ES solo-based strategy to identify new developmental genes in fetuses presenting with MCA without etiological diagnosis after standard investigations with an original multistep strategy.We performed solo ES in 95 MCA fetuses from 10 prenatal diagnostic centers in France. First, we focused on OMIM related disease genes, with a first step using bioinformatic scores and public databases independently of phenotype, a second step using genotype-phenotype correlation and a third step of research analysis extended to the whole exome. Variant confirmation and parental segregation were done by Sanger sequencing. ES allowed the identification of a causative variants in 23 fetuses (24%), variants of unknown significance (VUS) in 7 fetuses (7%) and variants in new candidate genes in 6 fetuses (6%). Among causative variants, most were from autosomal recessive inheritance (50%), 42% were sporadic and 4% were from autosomal dominant inheritance. The additionnal strategy identified 17/23 causative variants, including 2 new causative variants not identified by the classical approach because of atypical or extreme fetal phenotype, and 2 new VUS. No new candidate gene was identified by this strategy.To conclude, solo ES with classical and additionnal strategy presents a low efficiency to identify new genes implicated in embryonary development but allows the extension of the clinical spectrum of well-known pediatric pathologies to the prenatal period. Trio ES or genome sequencing would be now insteresting strategies to be explored
Rudewicz, Justine. "Méthodes bioinformatiques pour l'analyse de données de séquençage dans le contexte du cancer." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0635/document.
Full textCancer results from the excessive proliferation of cells decending from the same founder cell and following a Darwinian process of diversification and selection. This process is defined by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations whose characterization is a key element for establishing a therapy that would specifically target tumor cells. The advent of new high-throughput sequencing technologies enables this characterization at the molecular level. This technological revolution has led to the development of numerous bioinformatics methods. In this thesis, we are particularly interested in the development of new computational methods for the analysis of sequencing data of tumor samples allowing precise identification of tumor-specific alterations and an accurate description of tumor subpopulations. In the first chapter, we explore methods for identifying single nucleotide alterations in targeted sequencing data and apply them to a cohort of breast cancer patients. We introduce two new methods of analysis, each tailored to a particular sequencing technology, namely Roche 454 and Pacific Biosciences. In the first case, we adapted existing approaches to the particular case of transcript sequencing. In the second case, when using conventional approaches, we were confronted with a high background noise resulting in a high rate of false positives. We have developed a new method, MICADo, based on the De Bruijn graphs and making possible an effective distinction between patient-specific alterations and alterations common to the cohort, which makes the results usable in a clinical context. Second chapter deals with the identification of copy number alterations. We describe the approach put in place for their efficient identification from very low coverage data. The main contribution of this work is the development of a strategy for statistical analysis in order to emphasise local and global changes in the genome that occurred during the treatment administered to patients with breast cancer. Our method is based on the construction of a linear model to establish scores of differences between samples before and after treatment. In the third chapter, we focus on the problem of clonal reconstruction. This problem has recently gathered a lot of interest, but it still lacks a well-established formal framework. We first propose a formalization of the clonal reconstruction problem. Then we use this formalism to put in place a method based on Gaussian mixture models. Our method uses single nucleotide and copy number alterations - such as those discussed in the previous two chapters - to characterize and quantify different clonal populations present in a tumor sample
Philippe, Julien. "Étude des formes monogéniques de diabète de type 2 et d’obésité par le séquençage de nouvelle génération." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S049/document.
Full textDiabetes and obesity have reached such proportions worldwide we are talking about pandemic. Both diseases are a major cause of mortality and multiple complications. Medical and financial issues are for both diseases a major public health problem. Two groups of factors contribute to these two diseases: environment, and genetics on which this thesis is based. This work focused on rare and monogenic forms which are extreme forms of type 2 diabetes and obesity.These forms are far from being fully understood. My project focused on the use of next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify more optimally, compared to conventional Sanger sequencing, mutations in already known genes among new patients in our cohort for diagnostic purposes. The second objective was to use NGS to discover new loci associated with new signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes and obesity.The first approach uses a liquid-phase hybridization technique and focuses on 34 genes associated with monogenic and/or polygenic obesity. The screening was carried out on 201 people in 13 families for which the cause of obesity is unknown. This approach led to the identification of a mutation in a known gene of obesity: PCSK1. This mutation is causal because it leads to a stop codon at the beginning of the protein and is present only in obese individuals. Additionally, functional studies have demonstrated partial inhibition of PC1/3 by the truncated protein and the possible impact on the processing and secretion of this enzyme. This study has been published published in the "International Journal of Obesity" newspaper.The second approach is based on a PCR amplification technique in lipid microdroplets developed by Raindance. The first test is to re-identify the causal mutations of diabetes and/or obesity in 40 patients. This approach has yielded satisfactory results because for a large majority of patients, the causative mutations have been identified again. Only one patient was unable to be reconfirmed because current bioinformatics tools are limited in the detection of complex indels. Of the 39 patients identified, 3 of them are potential carriers of several causative mutations. This technique could be considered in the clinical field because it allows a multigene approach by providing a rapid diagnosis, cheaper and with a quality similar to the gold standard Sanger sequencing. For us, the purpose of this technique is a fast and optimal clinical diagnosis in order to identify unsolved cases, which are candidates for exome sequencing. This second study was published in "Diabetes Care" journal.The third approach involves whole exome sequencing (WES) in 4 individuals where the whole family was previously tested negative for all known genes of diabetes. This approach led to the discovery of a thirteen MODY gene, KCNJ11, and confirms the broad phenotypic spectrum that goes from neonatal diabetes to MODY depending on the mutations. The major difficulty with this technique is filtering variants in order to get a single causal mutation (or possibly several on the same gene) to identify new MODY genes. The strategy we used combined both a bioinformatics filter for example with filters on family cosegregation and on SNP databases and a biological filter, with the use of a technique for high-throughput genotyping. This pioneering study in the use of NGS to identify new genes of MODY has been published in "PLoS ONE".In conclusion, this work took advantage of technological advances such as capture, targeted sequencing and NGS to elucidate and to improve the screening of monogenic forms of diabetes and obesity. This improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms may lead to the development of better treatments like personalized medicine. We hope to see direct improvements for patients in the near future, such as a more accurate, faster and more comprehensive molecular
Lacoste, Deixonne Caroline. "Apport du séquençage haut débit dans l'amélioration de la prise en charge des maladies monogéniques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5062/document.
Full textThe diffusion of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies induces an important change that modifies molecular diagnostics indications and prompts laboratories to re-think their diagnostic strategies, up-to-now based on Sanger sequencing routine. Several high throughput approaches are available from the sequencing of a gene panel, to a whole exome, or even a whole genome. In all cases, a tremendous amount of data are generated, that have to be filtered, interpreted and analyzed by the use of powerful bioinformatics tools.In part 1, existing strategies and the difficulties and challenges of high-throughput sequencing for molecular diagnosis in genetic diseases are discussed. In part 2, the set up and the technical validation of this diagnostic approach in the Molecular Genetics’ Laboratory of the Timone Hospital in Marseille is presented and illustrated by 3 examples of complex diagnostics solved thanks to NGS. NGS promises to shorten significantly the time of analysis and results reporting, and to expand the number of tested genes. It also promises to increase the proportion of positive diagnoses. Finally, the NGS can identify new variants and new genes involved in human pathology, thus will globally improve patient clinical care
Bubien, Virginie. "Identification de nouveaux gènes de prédisposition héréditaire au cancer du sein par génotypage tumoral et séquençage de nouvelle génération." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0393/document.
Full textHereditary breast cancers (BCs) account for 5-10% of all diagnosed BCs, yet only 50% of such tumors arise in the context of a germline mutation in known tumor suppressor genes such as BRCA1 or BRCA2. The vast genetic heterogeneity which characterizes BRCAx families makes grouped studies impossible to perform. Next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, however, allow individual families to be studied in order to identify private mutations. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays allow the detection of conserved haplotypes within recurrent regions of loss of heterozygosity, common to several familial tumors, therefore identifying genomic loci likely to harbor a germline mutation in cancer predisposition genes. The combination of both exome sequencing and SNP arrays for a series of 17 familial BC did not allow the identification of a novel BC predisposition gene, but revealed a germline ATM mutation associated with a loss of the wild-type allele in a BRCAx family. The analysis of 17 additional breast tumors from ten BC families in which a germline ATM mutation had been identified revealed a high frequency of wild-type allele loss in these tumors (>80% compared to the 20% expected in sporadic BC; p <0.001). This result argues strongly in favor of the involvement of ATM in the carcinogenesis of these tumors as a tumor suppressor gene and suggests that germline ATM mutations are involved in a subset of familial BC
Croville, Guillaume. "Séquençage et PCR à haut débit : application à la détection et la caractérisation d'agents pathogènes respiratoires aviaires et au contrôle de pureté microbiologique des vaccins." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP028/document.
Full textDetection of pathogens becomes an increasing challenge, since infectious diseases represent major risks for both human and animal health. Globalization of trade and travels, evolution of farming practices and global climatic changes, as well as mass migrations are impacting the biology of pathogens and their emerging potential. This manuscript describes three approaches, based on three innovative technologies of molecular biology applied to the detection of pathogens in three different settings : (i) detection of a list of pathogens using real-time quantitative PCR on a microfluidic platform, (ii) unbiased detection of pathogens in complex matrix, using metagenomics and Illumina (Miseq) sequencing and (iii) genotyping of pathogens without isolation of PCR-enrichment using a 3rd generation NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) platform MinION from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. The three studies shown the contribution of these techniques, each representing distinctive features, suitable for the respective applications. Beyond application of these techniques to the field of microbial diagnostics, their use for the control of veterinary immunological drugs is a priority of this project. Veterinary vaccines are not only submitted to mandatory detection of listed pathogens to be excluded, but also to validation of the genetic identity of vaccine strains. The exponential availability and performances of new PCR or sequencing technologies open cutting-edge perspectives in the field of microbial diagnostic and control
Robitaille, Alexis. "Detection and identification of papillomavirus sequences in NGS data of human DNA samples : a bioinformatic approach." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1358.
Full textHuman Papillomaviruses (HPV) are a family of small double-stranded DNA viruses that have a tropism for the mucosal and cutaneous epithelia. More than 200 types of HPV have been discovered so far and are classified into several genera based on their DNA sequence. Due to the role of some HPV types in human disease, ranging from benign anogenital warts to cancer, methods to detect and characterize HPV population in DNA sample have been developed. These detection methods are needed to clarify the implications of HPV at the various stages of the disease. The detection of HPV from targeted wet-lab approaches has traditionally used PCR- based methods coupled with cloning and Sanger sequencing. With the introduction of next generation sequencing (NGS) these approaches can be improved by integrating the sequencing power of NGS. While computational tools have been developed for metagenomic approaches to search for known or novel viruses in NGS data, no appropriate bioinformatic tool has been available for the classification and identification of novel viral sequences from data produced by amplicon-based methods. In this thesis, we initially describe five fully reconstructed novel HPV genomes detected from skin samples after amplification using degenerate L1 primers. Then, is the second part, we present PVAmpliconFinder, a data analysis workflow designed to rapidly identify and classify known and potentially new Papillomaviridae sequences from NGS amplicon sequencing with degenerate PV primers. This thesis describes the features of PVAmpliconFinder and presents several applications using biological data obtained from amplicon sequencing of human specimens, leading to the identification of new HPV types
Chiarello, Marlène. "Biodiversité du microbiome cutané des organismes marins : variabilité, déterminants et importance dans l’écosystème." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT092/document.
Full textOceans contain thousands of microbial species playing crucial roles for the functioning of the marine ecosystem. These microorganisms are present everywhere in the water column. Some microorganisms also colonize the surface and the digestive tract of marine macro-organisms, forming communities called microbiomes. These microbiomes have positive effects for their host’s fitness. The diversity of these marine animal surface microbiome is still largely understudied, despite recent progress in molecular biology that now permits to fully assess its different facets of biodiversity, i.e. taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional. The goal of this thesis is therefore to describe the diversity of the surface microbiome of marine animals, to assess its variability at different levels, as well as its determinants, and the significance of such diversity at the ecosystem’s scale. Firstly, I have assessed the efficiency of various diversity indices to detect ecological signals in the specific case of microbial communities. Secondly, I have described the surface microbiome of major marine animal clades (teleostean fishes, cetaceans and several classes of invertebrates). I found that these microbiomes are highly distinct from the surrounding planktonic communities. I demonstrated that these microbiomes are variable both between individuals from the same species and between species, but do not show a phylosymbiosis pattern. Last, I assessed the contribution of surface microbiomes to the global microbial community at the scale of a coral reef ecosystem. I demonstrated that marine animal surfaces host almost twenty times more microbial species than the water column, and 75% of the phylogenetic richness present in the ecosystem. In a context of massive erosion of marine macroscopic organisms, it is therefore urgent to exhaustively assess marine microbial biodiversity and its vulnerability facing anthropic pressures
Martin, Guillaume Eric. "Caractérisation des différences de structures chromosomiques dans l'espèce Musa acuminata par re-séquençage NGS : le cas de l'accession "Pahan"." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0058/document.
Full textBanana cultivars are derived from hybridization between Musa acuminata subspecies (A genome) and, for some of them, with the species M. balbisiana (B genome). These hybrids have reduced fertility, disturbed meiosis and strong segregation distortions. These characteristics attributed to chromosomal rearrangements between species and subspecies complicate genetic analyses and breeding programs. In this thesis, we have developed and tested new approaches based on the recent availability of a banana reference genome sequence and high-throughput sequencing technologies, to characterize these differences in chromosomal structures and understand their impact on chromosomal segregation. These approaches needed improvement of the banana reference genome sequence. New bioinformatics tools were developed for this purpose. They are applicable to other genomes and are flexible according to available data. The scaffolds number was divided by 5 and 90% of the assembly is now anchored to the chromosomes. Scaffolds corresponding to the mitochondrial genome were identified and the chloroplast genome was assembled and annotated. Re-sequencing data from the 'Pahang' accession and dense genotyping of its progeny were used to explore the origin of segregation distortion involving chromosomes 1 and 4. Distortion and recombination profiles, chromosomal pairing at meiosis and re-sequencing data direct us to the hypothesis of a reciprocal translocation in inverted orientation between distal portions of chromosomes 1 and 4. We tested our structural variation research tools to compare the A and B genomes of banana, for which structural differences are known. The results showed that our tools detected complete signatures of some structural changes but for others, they only detected partial signatures. The latter can still be informative in addition to other informations derived from genetic mapping and cytogenetic studies