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Journal articles on the topic 'Sequence of contractions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Stotz, Andreas, Steven Richter, Joel Mason, and Astrid Zech. "Peak moments of lower extremity muscles in women: A comparative study of concentric, eccentric and isometric contractions." Isokinetics and Exercise Science 33, no. 1 (2025): 3–11. https://doi.org/10.3233/ies-240031.

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BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that maximum isometric muscle moment can surpass maximum eccentric muscle moment at individually adjusted joint angles in men. However, no information about these muscle mechanics is available for women. OBJECTIVE: To examine the maximum muscle moment hierarchy with equal conditions in women. METHODS: Maximum voluntary concentric, eccentric, and isometric muscle moments of ankle, knee, and hip flexors and extensors as well as hip adductors and abductors were tested in eighteen young women. The sequence of muscle group testing was the same for all subjects,

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2

Akcoglu, M. A., and L. Sucheston. "Pointwise Convergence of Alternating Sequences." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 40, no. 3 (1988): 610–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1988-026-4.

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Let 1 < p < ∞ and let Lp be the usual Banach Space of complex valued functions on a σ-finite measure space. Let (Tn), n ≧ 1, be a sequence of positive linear contractions on Lp. Hence and , where is the part of Lp that consists of non-negative Lp functions. The adjoint of Tn is denoted by which is a positive linear contraction of Lq with q = p/(p — 1).Our purpose in this paper is to show that the alternating sequences associated with (Tn), as introduced in [2], converge almost everywhere. Complete definitions will be given later. When applied to a non negative function, however, this res

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3

PAUL, Mithun, Krishnadhan SARKAR, and Kalishankar TİWARY. "Fixed Point Theorems In 2-Banach Spaces For Non-expansive Type Conditions." Cumhuriyet Science Journal 43, no. 4 (2022): 676–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17776/csj.1115789.

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Fixed point theorems had been established and developed under various non-expansive type conditions on different metric spaces. In this paper, we have generalized (ψ,φ) - weak contractions, which is the generalizations of F-contraction, (ϕ,F)-contraction as well as (ψ,φ)-contractions. Then we have established some unique common fixed point results for a sequence of mappings for (ψ,φ)- weak contractions in 2-Banach spaces. Some basic definitions, properties and examples are given in the introduction and preliminaries part. Some corollaries are also given on the basis on the results.

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4

Stewart, Taylor, Alexandra E. Exner, Paras Patnaik, and Stephen M. Fuchs. "Contractions of the C-Terminal Domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rpb1p Are Mediated by Rad5p." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 7 (2020): 2543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401409.

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The C-terminal domain (CTD) is an essential domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, Rpb1p, and is composed of 26 tandem repeats of a seven-amino acid sequence, YSPTSPS. Despite being an essential domain within an essential gene, we have previously demonstrated that the CTD coding region is genetically unstable. Furthermore, yeast with a truncated or mutated CTD sequence are capable of promoting spontaneous genetic expansion or contraction of this coding region to improve fitness. We investigated the mechanism by which the CTD contracts using a tet-off reporter system for RPB1 to mo

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5

K. Varalakshmi. "Fixed Point Results in G Metric Space via Α-Series". Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis 32, № 6s (2025): 275–89. https://doi.org/10.52783/cana.v32.3294.

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Introduction: Mustafa and sims [1] introduced the concept of G-metric space in 2005. Afterwards, Mustafa et al and many authors [3]-[19] obtained some common fixed-point theorems, coupled and tripled fixed point results for mappings satisfying different contractive conditions in G metric space. In this study we prove fixed point results in G metric space via α-series by using some conditions that are a sequence of a mappings and a self-mapping. Objectives: To show tripled fixed-point theorems and common fixed point theorems by using sequence of mappings and self a self-mapping via α-series and

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6

Urbain, J. L., E. Van Cutsem, J. A. Siegel, et al. "Visualization and characterization of gastric contractions using a radionuclide technique." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 259, no. 6 (1990): G1062—G1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.259.6.g1062.

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With the use of the radionuclide gastric-emptying test and a new data processing method, the contraction characteristics of the stomach were analyzed. After ingestion of a radiolabeled test meal, dynamic images of the stomach were acquired and analyzed to determine the frequency, amplitude, and rate of gastric contractions in healthy subjects. The frequency of antral contractions was found to be inversely related with food retention in the stomach; in contrast, the amplitude of the contractions decreased progressively during the course of gastric emptying. The peaks of both antral contraction

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7

Wiik, A., Y. Hellsten, P. Berthelson, L. Lundholm, H. Fischer, and E. Jansson. "Activation of estrogen response elements is mediated both via estrogen and muscle contractions in rat skeletal muscle myotubes." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 296, no. 1 (2009): C215—C220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00148.2008.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the activation of estrogen response elements (EREs) by estrogen and muscle contractions in rat myotubes in culture and to assess whether the activation is dependent on the estrogen receptors (ERs). In addition, the effect of estrogen and contraction on the mRNA levels of ERα and ERβ was studied to determine the functional consequence of the transactivation. Myoblasts were isolated from rat skeletal muscle and transfected with a vector consisting of sequences of EREs coupled to the gene for luciferase. The transfected myoblasts were then different

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8

Assani, I. "Sur la Convergence Ponctuelle de Quelques Suites D'Operateurs." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 30, no. 2 (1987): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-1987-020-7.

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AbstractLet (αn.k) be a sequence of positive numbers. We define a regular sequence (resp. a weakly regular sequence) and then show the existence of a unitary operator (resp. a contraction T) L2[0, 1] → L2[0, 1] and a function f ∊ L2[0, 1] such that the pointwise convergence of the sequence of functions is not satisfied almost surely. As a first corollary the pointwise convergence of the Abel means of a contraction from L2 into L2 does not hold necessarily almost surely. As a second corollary there exists a contraction T for which the means (and powers) of Brunei's operator A do not converge po

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9

Saha, J. K., I. Hirano, and R. K. Goyal. "Biphasic effect of SNP on opossum esophageal longitudinal muscle: involvement of cGMP and eicosanoids." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 265, no. 2 (1993): G403—G407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1993.265.2.g403.

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Effects of nitric oxide (NO)-containing compounds on opossum esophageal longitudinal smooth muscle in vitro were examined. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and authentic NO produced a biphasic concentration-dependent relaxation-contraction sequence in the esophageal longitudinal muscle (ELM) but only a concentration-dependent relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and no effect in the esophageal circular muscle. A cell membrane-permeable analogue of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-BrcGMP) also produced relaxation-contraction seq

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10

Lafleur, J., D. Zytnicki, G. Horcholle-Bossavit, and L. Jami. "Declining inhibition elicited in cat lumbar motoneurons by repetitive stimulation of group II muscle afferents." Journal of Neurophysiology 70, no. 5 (1993): 1805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.5.1805.

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1. The aim of the present experiments was to verify whether group II inputs from gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle could elicit declining inhibitions similar to those observed during GM contractions in a variety of lumbar motoneurons of the cat spinal cord. Motoneurons were recorded intracellularly in chloralose- or pentobarbitone-anesthetized preparations during electrical stimulation of GM nerve with repetitive trains. 2. With strengths in the group I range, repetitive stimulation evoked the usual Ia excitation in homonymous motoneurons and excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) amplitude

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11

Dinning, P. G., P. A. Bampton, M. L. Kennedy, and I. J. Cook. "Relationship between terminal ileal pressure waves and propagating proximal colonic pressure waves." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 277, no. 5 (1999): G983—G992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1999.277.5.g983.

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The relationship between propagating distal ileal and proximal colonic motor patterns has not been systematically examined in humans. Our aim was to define the relationships, if any, between prolonged propagating contractions or discrete clustered contractions and cecal propagating sequences using multiple manometric recording sites spanning the distal ileum and unprepared colon. In 14 healthy volunteers, a 17-lumen-perfused silicon catheter was positioned pernasally such that at least three recording sites lay in the ileum and the remainder in the colon. Intersidehole distance was 7.5 cm. In

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12

Hsu, Wei-Chun, Chao-Chin Chang, Yi-Jia Lin, Fu-Chi Yang, Li-Fong Lin, and Kuan-Nien Chou. "The Use of Wearable Sensors for the Movement Assessment on Muscle Contraction Sequences in Post-Stroke Patients during Sit-to-Stand." Sensors 19, no. 3 (2019): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030657.

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Electromyography (EMG) sensors have been used to study the sequence of muscle contractions during sit-to-stand (STS) in post-stroke patients. However, the majority of the studies used wired sensors with a limited number of placements. Using the latest improved wearable technology with 16 sensors, the current study was a thorough investigation to evaluate the contraction sequences of eight key muscles on the trunk and bilateral limbs during STS in post-stroke patients, as it became feasible. Multiple wearable sensors for the detection of muscle contraction sequences showed that the post-stroke

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13

Rolfsmeier, Michael L., Michael J. Dixon, Luis Pessoa-Brandão, Richard Pelletier, Juan José Miret, and Robert S. Lahue. "Cis-Elements Governing Trinucleotide Repeat Instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 157, no. 4 (2001): 1569–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/157.4.1569.

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Abstract Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) instability in humans is governed by unique cis-elements. One element is a threshold, or minimal repeat length, conferring frequent mutations. Since thresholds have not been directly demonstrated in model systems, their molecular nature remains uncertain. Another element is sequence specificity. Unstable TNR sequences are almost always CNG, whose hairpin-forming ability is thought to promote instability by inhibiting DNA repair. To understand these cis-elements further, TNR expansions and contractions were monitored by yeast genetic assays. A threshold of ∼1

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14

Gilbert, R. J., and W. J. Dodds. "Effect of selective muscarinic antagonists on peristaltic contractions in opossum smooth muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 250, no. 1 (1986): G50—G59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1986.250.1.g50.

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In this study we examined the role of M1- and M2-muscarinic receptors in the mediation of circular smooth muscle esophageal contractions elicited by pharmacological cholinergic stimulation and during peristalsis in anesthetized opossums. Esophageal-body contractions were induced by bethanechol administration, whereas peristalsis was elicited by pharyngeal stroking or cervical vagal stimulation. Contractions were measured by a low-compliance manometric recording system. The incidence and amplitude of bethanechol-induced contractions were antagonized by 4-diphenylacetoxy-n-methylpiperidine (4-DA

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15

De Luca, Carlo J., Shey-Sheen Chang, Serge H. Roy, Joshua C. Kline, and S. Hamid Nawab. "Decomposition of surface EMG signals from cyclic dynamic contractions." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 6 (2015): 1941–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00555.2014.

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Over the past 3 decades, various algorithms used to decompose the electromyographic (EMG) signal into its constituent motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) have been reported. All are limited to decomposing EMG signals from isometric contraction. In this report, we describe a successful approach to decomposing the surface EMG (sEMG) signal collected from cyclic (repeated concentric and eccentric) dynamic contractions during flexion/extension of the elbow and during gait. The increased signal complexity introduced by the changing shapes of the MUAPs due to relative movement of the electrodes and

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16

Stainsby, W. N., W. F. Brechue, D. M. O'Drobinak, and J. K. Barclay. "Oxidation/reduction state of cytochrome oxidase during repetitive contractions." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 5 (1989): 2158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.5.2158.

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There is disagreement regarding whether inadequate O2 determines maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) and lactic acid output (L) during muscular activity. Direct assessment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (cytochrome a-a3) oxidation/reduction (O/R) state should provide an unequivocal answer for this issue. A new near-infrared spectrophotometric method was used to measure the O/R state of cytochrome a-a3 of dog gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle in situ during repetitive isotonic twitch and tetanic contractions. Three contraction frequencies were used for each contraction type in alternating sequence to

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17

Gabeleh, Moosa, and Hans-Peter A. Künzi. "Equivalence of the existence of best proximity points and best proximity pairs for cyclic and noncyclic nonexpansive mappings." Demonstratio Mathematica 53, no. 1 (2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dema-2020-0005.

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AbstractIn this study, at first we prove that the existence of best proximity points for cyclic nonexpansive mappings is equivalent to the existence of best proximity pairs for noncyclic nonexpansive mappings in the setting of strictly convex Banach spaces by using the projection operator. In this way, we conclude that the main result of the paper [Proximal normal structure and nonexpansive mappings, Studia Math. 171 (2005), 283–293] immediately follows. We then discuss the convergence of best proximity pairs for noncyclic contractions by applying the convergence of iterative sequences for cyc

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18

Aoyama, Koji, and Yasunori Kimura. "VISCOSITY APPROXIMATION METHODS WITH A SEQUENCE OF CONTRACTIONS." Cubo (Temuco) 16, no. 1 (2014): 09–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0719-06462014000100002.

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19

Greenwood, B., E. Blank, and W. J. Dodds. "Nicotine stimulates esophageal peristaltic contractions in cats by a central mechanism." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 262, no. 3 (1992): G567—G571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1992.262.3.g567.

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The aim of the present study was to 1) characterize nicotine-induced peristalsis in the feline esophagus and 2) determine the site of action of nicotine. Experiments were done on ketamine-sedated cats. Esophageal contractions were measured using a multilumen catheter assembly system. After recording 1 degree and 2 degrees peristaltic sequences nicotine (50-100 micrograms/kg iv) was administered. Nicotine induced a peristaltic contraction through the esophageal striated and smooth muscle part of the esophagus, which was not associated with any mylohyoid electromyogram activity or pharyngeal res

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20

BARREIRA, LUIS, and CLAUDIA VALLS. "Conjugacies between linear and nonlinear non-uniform contractions." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 28, no. 1 (2008): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385707000636.

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AbstractWe construct conjugacies between linear and nonlinear non-uniform exponential contractions with discrete time. We also consider the general case of a non-autonomous dynamics defined by a sequence of maps. The results are obtained by considering both linear and nonlinear perturbations of the dynamics xm+1=Amxm defined by a sequence of linear operators Am. In the case of conjugacies between linear contractions we describe them explicitly. All the conjugacies are locally Hölder, and in fact are locally Lipschitz outside the origin. We also construct conjugacies between linear and nonlinea

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Ali, Amjad, Muhammad Arshad, Eskandar Emeer, Hassen Aydi, Aiman Mukheimer, and Kamal Abodayeh. "Certain dynamic iterative scheme families and multi-valued fixed point results." AIMS Mathematics 7, no. 7 (2022): 12177–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2022677.

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<abstract><p>The article presents a systematic investigation of an extension of the developments concerning $ F $-contraction mappings which were proposed in 2012 by Wardowski. We develop the notion of $ F $-contractions to the case of non-linear ($ F $, $ F_{H} $)-dynamic-iterative scheme for Branciari Ćirić type-contractions and prove multi-valued fixed point results in controlled-metric spaces. An approximation of the dynamic-iterative scheme instead of the conventional Picard sequence is determined. The paper also includes a tangible example and a graphical interpretation that

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Barber, W. D., G. D. Stevenson, and T. F. Burks. "Tachykinins: local gastric effects and brain stem responses." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 252, no. 3 (1987): G365—G373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1987.252.3.g365.

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The gastric motor or mechanical effects of a group of peptides, the tachykinins, were evaluated in anesthetized cats to determine the relationship between local motor events and brain stem neurons that regulate gastric activity. The peptides evaluated were substance P, physalaemin, and eledoisin. The tachykinin-induced gastric changes were dose related and were characterized by initial distention-sustained contraction-late distention phases. At lower doses distention was the dominant effect with a sustained contraction-late distention response appearing as the dose increased. The sustained con

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Shimamoto, Y., H. Shimamoto, C. Y. Kwan, and E. E. Daniel. "Differential effects of putative protein kinase C inhibitors on contraction of rat aortic smooth muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 264, no. 4 (1993): H1300—H1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.264.4.h1300.

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We investigated effects of three kinds of putative protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, calphostin C, 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), and stauro-sporine, on aortic muscle contractions induced by KCl, phenylephrine, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDBu). Calphostin C noncompetitively inhibited TPA-induced contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. At 10(-6) M, calphostin C completely abolished responses to TPA and also effectively inhibited PDBu-induced contractions. Such a concentration of calphostin C had no effect on KCl-in

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Campanelli, J. T., and R. H. Scheller. "Histidine-rich basic peptide: a cardioactive neuropeptide from Aplysia neurons R3-14." Journal of Neurophysiology 57, no. 4 (1987): 1201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.57.4.1201.

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We have previously demonstrated that neurons R3-14 of the Aplysia abdominal ganglia specifically express a gene encoding a 108-amino acid neuropeptide precursor. This precursor is postranslationally processed by cleavage of a signal sequence and two internal dibasic residues resulting in three peptides. The peptide products are colocalized in dense core granules throughout the R3-14 processes that innervate the efferent vein of the gill and the auricle. Gel filtration and reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (rpHPLC) were used to purify a 4.9-kDa peptide produced by the R3-14 neur

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RIVALS, ERIC. "A SURVEY ON ALGORITHMIC ASPECTS OF TANDEM REPEATS EVOLUTION." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 15, no. 02 (2004): 225–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012905410400239x.

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Local repetitions in genomes are called tandem repeats. A tandem repeat contains multiple, but slightly different copies of a repeated unit. It changes over time as the copies are altered by mutations, when additional copies are created by amplification of an existing copy, or when a copy is removed by contraction. Theses changes let tandem repeats evolve dynamically. From this statement follow two problems. TANDEM REPEAT HISTORY aims at recovering the history of amplifications and mutations that produced the tandem repeat sequence given as input. Given the tandem repeat sequences at the same

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Follo, Giorgio. "Some Remarks on Fractals Generated by a Sequence of Finite Systems of Contractions." gmj 8, no. 4 (2001): 733–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gmj.2001.733.

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Abstract We generalize some results shown by J. E. Hutchinson in [Indiana Univ. Math. J. 30: 713–747, 1981]. Let be finite systems of contractions on a complete metric space; then, under some conditions on (𝔉𝑛), there exists a unique non-empty compact set 𝐾 such that the sequence defined by ((𝔉1 ○ 𝔉2 ○ ⋯ ○ 𝔉𝑛)(𝐶)) converges to 𝐾 in the Hausdorff metric for every non-empty closed and bounded set 𝐶. If the metric space is also separable and for every there are real numbers strictly between 0 and 1, satisfying the condition , then there exists a unique probability Radon measure μ 𝐾 such that the

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Hosseini, Boshra, and Alireza Kamel Mirmostafaee. "Implicit contractions for a sequence of multi-valued mappings." Fixed Point Theory 22, no. 1 (2021): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/fpt-ro.2021.1.14.

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Ali, Amjad, Eskandar Ameer, Muhammad Arshad, Hüseyin Işık та Mustafa Mudhesh. "Fixed Point Results of Dynamic Process D ˇ ϒ , μ 0 through F I C -Contractions with Applications". Complexity 2022 (3 лютого 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8495451.

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This article constitutes the new fixed point results of dynamic process D(ϒ, μ0) through FIC-integral contractions of the Ciric kind and investigates the said contraction to iterate a fixed point of set-valued mappings in the module of metric space. To do so, we use the dynamic process instead of the conventional Picard sequence. The main results are examined by tangible nontrivial examples which display the motivation for such investigation. The work is completed by giving an application to Liouville‐Caputo fractional differential equations.

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Westgaard, R. H., and C. J. de Luca. "Motor Unit Substitution in Long-Duration Contractions of the Human Trapezius Muscle." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 1 (1999): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.1.501.

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We examined the activity pattern of low-threshold motor units in the human trapezius muscle during contractions of 10 min duration. Three procedures were applied in sequence: 1) static contraction controlled by maintaining a constant low level of the surface electromyogram (EMG)-detected root-mean-square signal, 2) a manipulation task with mental concentration, and 3) copying a text on a word processor. A quadrifilar fine-wire electrode was used to record single motor unit activity. Simultaneously, surface electrodes recorded the surface EMG signal. During these contractions, low-threshold mot

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Nathanielsz, PW, DA Giussani, CA Mecenas, et al. "Regulation of the switch from myometrial contractures to contractions in late pregnancy: studies in the pregnant sheep and monkey." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 7, no. 3 (1995): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9950595.

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Myometrial contractility occurs throughout pregnancy and characteristic patterns of myometrial activity exist according to the endocrine status and the relationship to parturition. These characteristic patterns differ between species, yet certain common features can be observed. Throughout pregnancy, myometrial activity is of the contractures type, long-lasting, low-amplitude epochs of activity switching to contraction-type activity at term. This switch from contractures to contractions tends to occur at night and is related to alteration in maternal plasma oestrogen concentrations, and matern

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Choudhury, Binayak S., and Chaitali Bandyopadhyay. "Stability of Fixed Point Sets of a Class of Multivalued Nonlinear Contractions." Journal of Mathematics 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/302012.

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We consider a problem of stability of fixed point sets for a sequence of multivalued mappings defined on a metric space converging to a limit function where the convergence is with respect to the Pompeiu-Hausdorff distance. The members of the sequence are assumed to be multivalued almost contractions. We show that the fixed point sets of this sequence of mappings are stable.

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HUSSAIN, N., and J. AHMAD. "New Suzuki-Berinde type fixed point results." Carpathian Journal of Mathematics 33, no. 1 (2017): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/cjm.2017.01.07.

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The aim of this article is to improve the results of Piri et al. [Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2014, 2014:210] by introducing new types of contractions say Suzuki-Berinde type F-contractions and Suzuki type rational Fcontractions. We also establish a common fixed point theorem for a sequence of multivalued mappings. An example is also given to support our main results.

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Wanjala, Gerald. "An Extension Theorem for a Sequence of Krein Space Contractions." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5178454.

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Consider Krein spaces U and Y and let Hk and Kk be regular subspaces of U and Y, respectively, such that Hk⊂Hk+1 and Kk⊂Kk+1 (k∈N). For each k∈N, let Ak:Hk→Kk be a contraction. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a contraction B:U→Y such that BHk=Ak. Some interesting results are proved along the way.

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Gill, R. C., M. A. Pilot, P. A. Thomas, and D. L. Wingate. "Organization of fasting and postprandial myoelectric activity in stomach and duodenum of conscious dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 249, no. 6 (1985): G655—G661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1985.249.6.g655.

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In conscious dogs, contractile and myoelectric activity was recorded from force transducers and monopolar electrodes chronically implanted in the serosal surface of the proximal and distal stomach. Periodic activity during fasting was characterized at each site. Proximally, activity fronts consisted of a series of regular large-amplitude contractions, without correlated myoelectric changes, occurring at 50-s intervals. The distal activity front comprised a series of bursts of two to three contractions 11 s apart, with each burst in phase with a proximal contraction. Only during the burst seque

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Schulze-Delrieu, K., B. P. Brown, and T. Custer-Hagen. "Contraction and accommodation of guinea pig duodenum in vitro." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 261, no. 2 (1991): G364—G372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1991.261.2.g364.

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Because duodenal resistance to gastric emptying depends in part on duodenal capacity, we examined the changes of duodenal diameter, length, and luminal pressure that occur in response to injection of bolus volumes. Filling the duodenum led to a powerful, nonpropagating contraction of the duodenum. After the end of filling, sequential duodenal segments widened and duodenal pressure and length returned to baseline; i.e., there was accommodation. Accommodation was volume dependent and ceased at volumes greater than or equal to 1.2 ml. The entire duodenum unfolded almost immediately and the initia

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Buck, Amanda K. W., Christopher P. Elder, Manus J. Donahue, and Bruce M. Damon. "Matching of postcontraction perfusion to oxygen consumption across submaximal contraction intensities in exercising humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 119, no. 3 (2015): 280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01027.2014.

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Studying the magnitude and kinetics of blood flow, oxygen extraction, and oxygen consumption at exercise onset and during the recovery from exercise can lead to insights into both the normal control of metabolism and blood flow and the disturbances to these processes in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the on- and off-kinetics for oxygen delivery, extraction, and consumption as functions of submaximal contraction intensity. Eight healthy subjects performed four 1-min isometric dorsiflexion contractions, with two at 20% MVC and two at 40% MVC. Duri

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Rasham, Tahair, Abdullah Shoaib, Shaif Alshoraify, Choonkil Park, and Jung Rye Lee. "Study of multivalued fixed point problems for generalized contractions in double controlled dislocated quasi metric type spaces." AIMS Mathematics 7, no. 1 (2021): 1058–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2022063.

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<abstract><p>The main purpose of this research is to establish a new generalized $ \xi^{\ast } $-Kannan type double controlled contraction on a sequence and obtain fixed point results for a pair of multivalued mappings in left $ K $-sequentially complete double controlled dislocated quasi metric type spaces. New results in different setting of generalized metric spaces and ordered spaces and also new results for graphic contractions can be obtained as corollaries of our results. An example is presented to show the novelty of results. In this paper, we unify and extend some recent r

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Adam, Alexander, and Carlo J. De Luca. "Firing rates of motor units in human vastus lateralis muscle during fatiguing isometric contractions." Journal of Applied Physiology 99, no. 1 (2005): 268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01344.2004.

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We investigated the firing rate of motor units in the vastus lateralis muscle in five healthy young men (mean = 21.4 yr, SD = 0.9) during a sequence of isometric constant-torque contractions repeated to exhaustion. The contractions were sustained at 20% of the maximal voluntary level, measured at the beginning of the test sequence. Electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded via quadrifilar fine-wire electrodes and subsequently decomposed into their constituent motor unit action potentials to obtain the motor unit firing times. In addition, we measured the whole muscle mechanical properties

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Clouse, R. E., and A. Staiano. "Topography of the esophageal peristaltic pressure wave." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 261, no. 4 (1991): G677—G684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1991.261.4.g677.

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Topographic plots constructed from conventional esophageal manometric waves were examined in 12 healthy volunteers to better understand spatial relationships of peristaltic contractions. Typical postdeglutitive waves were spatially interconnected using a computerized gridding and plotting system. Contour plots of the resultant peristaltic contraction revealed a consistent separation of a proximal pressure segment from the prominent distal contraction at 21.7 +/- 1.3% of the esophageal length. A second trough in the contraction sequence was found in 11 (91.7%) of the subjects at 64.0 +/- 2.7% o

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Ilić, Dejan, Marija Cvetković, Ljiljana Gajić, and Vladimir Rakočević. "Fixed Points of Sequence of Ćirić Generalized Contractions of Perov Type." Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics 13, no. 6 (2016): 3921–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00009-016-0724-6.

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Shagari, Mohammed Shehu, Trad Alotaibi, Hassen Aydi, and Choonkil Park. "Fixed points of non-linear multivalued graphic contractions with applications." AIMS Mathematics 7, no. 11 (2022): 20164–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.20221103.

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<abstract><p>In this paper, a novel and more general type of sequence of non-linear multivalued mappings as well as the corresponding contractions on a metric space equipped with a graph is initiated. Fixed point results of a single-valued mapping and the new sequence of multivalued mappings are examined under suitable conditions. A non-trivial comparative illustration is provided to support the assumptions of our main theorem. A few important results in $ \epsilon $-chainable metric space and cyclic contractions are deduced as some consequences of the concepts obtained herein. As

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Muthukumaraswamy, Suresh D. "Functional Properties of Human Primary Motor Cortex Gamma Oscillations." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 5 (2010): 2873–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00607.2010.

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Gamma oscillations in human primary motor cortex (M1) have been described in human electrocorticographic and noninvasive magnetoencephalographic (MEG)/electroencephalographic recordings, yet their functional significance within the sensorimotor system remains unknown. In a set of four MEG experiments described here a number of properties of these oscillations are elucidated. First, gamma oscillations were reliably localized by MEG in M1 and reached peak amplitude 137 ms after electromyographic onset and were not affected by whether movements were cued or self-paced. Gamma oscillations were fou

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Sanchez, Otto A., Elizabeth A. Copenhaver, Marti A. Chance, et al. "Postmaximal contraction blood volume responses are blunted in obese and type 2 diabetic subjects in a muscle-specific manner." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 301, no. 2 (2011): H418—H427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00060.2011.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in postisometric contraction blood volume and oxygenation responses among groups of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obese, and lean individuals detectable using MRI. Eight T2DM patients were individually matched by age, sex, and race to non-T2DM individuals with similar body mass index (obese) and lean subjects. Functional MRI was performed using a dual-gradient-recalled echo, echo-planar imaging sequence with a repetition time of 1 s and at two echo times (TE = 6 and 46 ms). Data were acquired before, during, and after

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Agarwal, Ravi P., and Donal O'Regan. "Leray-Schauder results for multivalued nonlinear contractions defined on closed subsets of a Fréchet space." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2006 (2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijmms/2006/43635.

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New Leray-Schauder results are presented for multivalued contractions defined on subsets of a Fréchet spaceE. The proof relies on fixed point results in Banach spaces and on viewingEas the projective limit of a sequence of Banach spaces.

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Frimpong, K., and E. Prempeh. "Viscosity Approximation Methods in Reflexive Banach Spaces with a Sequence of Contractions." British Journal of Mathematics & Computer Science 22, no. 3 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjmcs/2017/33414.

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Samulack, Donald D., Robert S. Waters, Robert W. Dykes, and Patricia A. McKinley. "Absence of Responses to Microstimulation at the Hand-Face Border in Baboon Primary Motor Cortex." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 17, no. 1 (1990): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100029978.

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ABSTRACT:Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) was used to map the primary motor cortex of four adult female baboons, anesthetized with a mixture of halothane and nitrous oxide and supplemented with sodium pentobarbital. The sequence of observed muscle contractions in response to ICMS provided evidence of an orderly mototopic representation of the tongue, face, hand, forearm and upper body. A zone of cortex unresponsive to microstimulation was consistently observed at the border between the face and hand representation of the mototopic map. This zone was observed in all four animals and was co

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Bakr, Sahar Mohamed Ali Abou. "A Study on Common Fixed Point of Joint A;B Generalized Cyclic ϕ−abc Weak Nonexpansive Mappings and Generalized Cyclic abc;r Contractions in Quasi Metric Spaces". Abstract and Applied Analysis 2020 (13 липня 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9427267.

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This manuscript proves the existence of a single common fixed point of two joint A,B generalized cyclic ϕ−abc weak nonexpansive mappings, where A and B are compact sets. The result in particular demonstrated a single fixed point of generalized cyclic ϕ−abc weak nonexpansive mappings, without the assumption of a single contracting point. Additionally, it introduces new types of generalized cyclic abc;r contraction mappings and describes the existence of a single fixed point of them in b-metric spaces. Finally, the presented results establish a simpler convergence theorem for a sequence of gener

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Miret, J. J., L. Pessoa-Brandão, and R. S. Lahue. "Instability of CAG and CTG trinucleotide repeats in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 17, no. 6 (1997): 3382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.17.6.3382.

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A quantitative genetic assay was developed to monitor alterations in tract lengths of trinucleotide repeat sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Insertion of (CAG)50 or (CTG)50 repeats into a promoter that drives expression of the reporter gene ADE8 results in loss of expression and white colony color. Contractions within the trinucleotide sequences to repeat lengths of 8 to 38 restore functional expression of the reporter, leading to red colony color. Reporter constructs including (CAG)50 or (CTG)50 repeat sequences were integrated into the yeast genome, and the rate of red colony formation

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McAllister, R. M., and R. L. Terjung. "Acute inhibition of respiratory capacity of muscle reduces peak oxygen consumption." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 259, no. 6 (1990): C889—C896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1990.259.6.c889.

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Electron transport capacity of skeletal muscle was inhibited in situ in an acute dose-dependent manner with myxothiazol, a tight-binding inhibitor of ubiquinone-cytochrome c reductase, complex III of the respiratory chain. Peak oxygen consumption of rat hindlimb muscle was determined via consecutive 10-min isometric contraction (100 ms at 100 Hz) periods of increasing energy demands (4, 8, 15, 30, 45, and 60 tetani/min), using an isolated hindlimb preparation perfused with a high oxygen delivery (approximately 6-8 mumol.min-1.g-1). Peak oxygen consumption decreased from 4.61 +/- 0.19 mumol.min

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Dragičević, Davor. "Global smooth linearization of nonautonomous contractions on Banach spaces." Electronic Journal of Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations, no. 12 (2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/ejqtde.2022.1.12.

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The main purpose of this paper is to establish a global smooth linearization result for two classes of nonautonomous dynamics with discrete time. More precisely, we consider a nonlinear and nonautonomous dynamics given by a two-sided sequence of maps as well as variational systems whose linear part is contractive, and under suitable assumptions we construct C 1 conjugacies between the original dynamics and its linear part. We stress that our dynamics acts on a arbitrary Banach space. Our arguments rely on related results dealing with autonomous dynamics.

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