Academic literature on the topic 'Sequence-Structure relationship'

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Journal articles on the topic "Sequence-Structure relationship"

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Dosztanyi, Z. "Servers for sequence-structure relationship analysis and prediction." Nucleic Acids Research 31, no. 13 (2003): 3359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg589.

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Morris, Kyle L., Alison Rodger, Matthew R. Hicks, et al. "Exploring the sequence–structure relationship for amyloid peptides." Biochemical Journal 450, no. 2 (2013): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20121773.

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Amyloid fibril formation is associated with misfolding diseases, as well as fulfilling a functional role. The cross-β molecular architecture has been reported in increasing numbers of amyloid-like fibrillar systems. The Waltz algorithm is able to predict ordered self-assembly of amyloidogenic peptides by taking into account the residue type and position. This algorithm has expanded the amyloid sequence space, and in the present study we characterize the structures of amyloid-like fibrils formed by three peptides identified by Waltz that form fibrils but not crystals. The structural challenge i
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Sadowski, M. I., and D. T. Jones. "The sequence–structure relationship and protein function prediction." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 19, no. 3 (2009): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2009.03.008.

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Nekrasov, Alexei N., Yuri P. Kozmin, Sergey V. Kozyrev, Rustam H. Ziganshin, Alexandre G. de Brevern, and Anastasia A. Anashkina. "Hierarchical Structure of Protein Sequence." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (2021): 8339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158339.

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Most non-communicable diseases are associated with dysfunction of proteins or protein complexes. The relationship between sequence and structure has been analyzed for a long time, and the analysis of the sequences organization in domains and motifs remains an actual research area. Here, we propose a mathematical method for revealing the hierarchical organization of protein sequences. The method is based on the pentapeptide as a unit of protein sequences. Employing the frequency of occurrence of pentapeptides in sequences of natural proteins and a special mathematical approach, this method reve
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Nakamura, Shugo, and Kentaro Shimizu. "2P004 Analysis of sequence-structure relationship of protein loop regions(Proteins-structure and structure-function relationship,Poster Presentations)." Seibutsu Butsuri 47, supplement (2007): S114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.47.s114_1.

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Kuroda, D., H. Shirai, M. Kobori, and H. Nakamura. "Relationship between sequence and structure of CDR-H3 in antibodies." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 64, a1 (2008): C228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767308092684.

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Krissinel, E. "On the relationship between sequence and structure similarities in proteomics." Bioinformatics 23, no. 6 (2007): 717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm006.

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Song, Jianxing. "Environment-transformable sequence–structure relationship: a general mechanism for proteotoxicity." Biophysical Reviews 10, no. 2 (2017): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12551-017-0369-0.

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Mansiaux, Yohann, Agnel Praveen Joseph, Jean-Christophe Gelly, and Alexandre G. de Brevern. "Assignment of PolyProline II Conformation and Analysis of Sequence – Structure Relationship." PLoS ONE 6, no. 3 (2011): e18401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018401.

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Leopold, P. E., M. Montal, and J. N. Onuchic. "Protein folding funnels: a kinetic approach to the sequence-structure relationship." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 89, no. 18 (1992): 8721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.18.8721.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sequence-Structure relationship"

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Wang, Pam Shou-Ping. "Exploring the sequence-structure-function relationship in beta-peptide foldamers." Thesis, Yale University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3580893.

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<p> The interplay between sequence, structure and function is an underlying theme in biological systems. Proteins, in particular, have evolved the ability to access a virtually infinite set of three-dimensional architectures from a small collection of building blocks; it is precisely this complexity of form that finely tunes their functional specificity. &beta;-Peptides are a class of unnatural polyamides known to adopt structural motifs that are in many ways reminiscent of protein folds in nature. This dissertation first investigates the relationship between sequence and structure in self-ass
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Mokrab, Younes. "Insights into sequence-structure relationship in helical transmembrane proteins : application to comparative modeling." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611915.

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Viklund, Håkan. "Formalizing life : Towards an improved understanding of the sequence-structure relationship in alpha-helical transmembrane proteins." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7144.

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<p>Genes coding for alpha-helical transmembrane proteins constitute roughly 25% of the total number of genes in a typical organism. As these proteins are vital parts of many biological processes, an improved understanding of them is important for achieving a better understanding of the mechanisms that constitute life.</p><p>All proteins consist of an amino acid sequence that fold into a three-dimensional structure in order to perform its biological function. The work presented in this thesis is directed towards improving the understanding of the relationship between sequence and structure for
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Viklund, Håkan. "Formalizing life : towards an improved understanding of the sequence-structure relationship in alpha-helical transmembrane proteins /." Stockholm : Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7144.

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Zheng, Ying. "Functional divergence after gene duplication and sequence-structure relationship a case-study of G-protein alpha subunits /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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Shafqat, Naeem. "Substrate specificities and functional properties of human short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-829-7.

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Chevallier, Sylvie. "Relations structure-fonction de l'oligopeptidase proline-spécifique (EC 3. 4. 21. 26) de Flavobacterium meningosepticum." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10076.

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L'oligopeptidase proline-specifique (pop) de f. Meningosepticum coupe presque exclusivement du cote c-terminal des prolines et des hydroxyprolines. Le remplacement d'une proline par un acide pipecolique transforme un substrat en un inhibiteur, ce qui confirme la forte stereospecificite de la pop au niveau du sous-site s1. La sequence proteique a ete determinee par sequencage chimique de la pop, et clonage et sequencage de son gene (2115 pb). La pop mature periplasmique comporte 685 residus pour une masse moleculaire de 76784 da et montre des homologies de sequence uniquement avec la pop de cer
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Vignoud, Lucile. "Étude du rôle des motifs NPXY dans la fonction de l'intégrine alpha 5/beta 1." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10274.

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Le travail presente concerne l'etude du role joue par les deux motifs peptidiques npxy localises dans le domaine cytoplasmique de la sous-unite beta 1 des integrines. Par analogie avec le recepteur des ldl, ces deux motifs etaient assimiles au signal d'internalisation npxy permettant une association au complexe d'adaptines ha-2 et une internalisation dependante des puits a clathrine. En generant des lignees stables exprimant des integrines a sous-unite beta 1 mutees, nous avons montre que contrairement a d'autres recepteurs, les motifs npxy n'intervenaient pas dans l'internalisation de l'integ
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Lombard, Valentin. "Geometric deep manifold learning combined with natural language processing for protein movies." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS379.

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Les protéines jouent un rôle central dans les processus biologiques, et comprendre comment elles se déforment et se déplacent est essentiel pour élucider leurs mécanismes fonctionnels. Malgré les récentes avancées dans les technologies à haut débit, qui ont élargi nos connaissances sur les structures protéiques, la prédiction précise de leurs différents états conformationnels et mouvements reste un défi majeur. Nous présentons deux approches complémentaires pour relever le défi de la compréhension et de la prédiction de l'ensemble de la variabilité conformationnelle des protéines. La première
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Pauly, Marc. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la sequence tata du promoteur precoce du virus simien sv40." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13043.

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Dans le but d'elucider les mecanismes moleculaires de la regulation de l'expression des genes, une etude structurale et fonctionnelle detaillee de la sequence tata du promoteur precoce du virus sv40 est realisee. La mutagenese dirigee utilisant des oligodesoxynucleotides de synthese permet la localisation des domaines fonctionnels de deux elements tata situes dans la region d'origine de replication virale. Chacun des elements dirige independamment l'initiation precise et efficace de la transcription precoce in vivo a partir d'un groupe de sites definis
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Books on the topic "Sequence-Structure relationship"

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International Symposium on Protein Structure-Function Relationship (1988 Karachi, Pakistan). Protein structure-function relationship: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Protein Structure-Function Relationship, held in Karachi, Pakistan, 18-20 January 1988, and of the Protein Sequencing Workshop, held subsequently in Karachi, Pakistan, 21-30 January 1988. Edited by Zaidi Zafar H and Protein Sequencing Workshop (1988 : Karachi, Pakistan). Elsevier Science Publishers, 1988.

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W, Shriver John, ed. Protein structure, stability, and interactions. Humana, 2009.

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Harren, Jhoti, and Leach Andrew R, eds. Structure-based drug discovery. Springer, 2007.

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I, Chasman Daniel, ed. Protein structure: Determination, analysis, and applications for drug discovery. Marcel Dekker, 2003.

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Nir, Ben-Tal, ed. Introduction to proteins: Structure, function, and motion. CRC Press, 2011.

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Protein Structure Determination. Wiley-Interscience, 1991.

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R, Leach· Andrew, and Harren Jhoti. Structure-based Drug Discovery. Springer, 2010.

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(Editor), Harren Jhoti, and Andrew R. Leach (Editor), eds. Structure-based Drug Discovery. Springer, 2007.

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Chasman, Daniel. Protein Structure: Determination, Analysis, and Applications for Drug Discovery. Taylor & Francis Group, 2003.

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Chasman, Daniel. Protein Structure: Determination, Analysis, and Applications for Drug Discovery. Taylor & Francis Group, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sequence-Structure relationship"

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Lesk, Arthur M. "Proteins: Relationship Among Divergence of Sequence, Structure, and Function." In Encyclopedia of Biophysics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16712-6_145.

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Holder, Jerry Ryan, Rayna M. Bauzo, Zhimin Xiang, and Carrie Haskell-Luevano. "Structure-Activity Relationship Studies (SAR) of Melanocortin Agonists Central His-Phe-Arg-Trp Sequence." In Peptides: The Wave of the Future. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0464-0_329.

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Ji, Rongju, and Haoqi Ren. "A New Prefetching Unit for Digital Signal Processor." In Proceeding of 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2456-9_94.

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AbstractIn this paper, a new structure of instruction prefetching unit is proposed. The prefetching is achieved by building the relationship between the branch source and its branch target and the relationship between the branch target and the first branch in its following instruction sequence. With the help of the proposed structure, it is easy to know whether the instruction block of branch target blocks exist in the instruction cache based on the recorded branch information. The two-level depth target prefetching can be performed to eliminate or reduce the instruction cache miss penalty. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed instruction prefetching scheme can achieve lower cache miss rate and miss penalty than the traditional next-line prefetching technique.
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Upadhyay, Upashna, Poonam Kaithal, Preetam Verma, Rohit Lall, and Poonam Singh. "Analysis of Pectin in Different Citrus Fruits and Evolutionary Relationship." In Proceedings of the Conference BioSangam 2022: Emerging Trends in Biotechnology (BIOSANGAM 2022). Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-020-6_26.

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AbstractPectin is a polysaccharide present in fruit cell walls can be extracted from fruit wastes obtained after processing. The objective of the present investigation was to study the potential of citrus fruit peels to be a source of pectin as it is of great importance in food and medical industry. This study aimed at comparing the characteristics of different pectin and to see which one is more suitable for industrial application. Pectin was extracted using alcohol precipitation method from peels of grapefruit, mousambi, and orange so that the use of pectin can be applied to a wider range. According to the study, the pectin extracted by mousambi on wet basis (17.1%) was higher in comparison to the pectin extraction of orange and grapefruit. The pectin can be used in many fields like food and medicines so the improvement in quality and production is very important. MicroRNAs have the main function of guiding the base pairing with target mRNA to negatively regulate its expression for gene silencing via mRNA clevage. In the present study we also found the phylogenetic relationship among the citrus fruits by multiple sequence alignment of microRNAs stem-loop sequence from the miRbase database of the citrus fruits and after getting phylogenetic tree we got the common ancestors. In recent years, the center of production has moved to Europe and to citrus- producing countries like Mexico and Brazil. Further changes of structure and location of the industry continue, but are constrained by the need for large capital investment to setup Plant of economic size, and the need for a large-scale source or sources of raw material.
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Song, Zhiyu, Yafei Zhai, and Guangkun Liu. "Analysis of Dynamic Response Characteristics of Towering Intake Towers Under the Action of Main-Aftershock Sequences." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-9184-2_22.

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AbstractAfter a strong earthquake occurs, it can cause a certain degree of damage to the structure, and the strong aftershock effect can cause secondary damage to the already damaged structure. In this study, taking a actual project of intake tower in the district of western strong earthquake as an example, the acoustic unit is used to simulate the dynamic effect of reservoir water on the tower body, and the overall nonlinear model of the water-intake tower-foundation is established. Combined with the site and seismic motion characteristics of the engineering area, the seismic motion sequence of the main-aftershocks was constructed based on the statistical relationship between the main shocks and strong aftershocks, as well as the NGA seismic motion attenuation model. The effects of main shock, aftershock, and main-aftershock on the structural damage evolution of intake towers in strong earthquake zones were investigated separately. The results show that after considering the aftershock effect, the damage and failure of the intake tower structure intensify, and its dissipation energy and residual displacement increase by about 20%~25%. Compared with the main shock, the aftershock alone causes less damage to the tower structure. However, for the intake tower structure that is damaged after the main shock, the aftershock can cause larger secondary residual deformation of the tower.
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Stoeva, Stanka, Krasimira Idakieva, Wolfgang Voelter, and Nicolay Genov. "Isolation, Characterization and Amino Acid Sequence of the N-Terminal Functional Unit from the Rapana thomasiana grosse (Marine Snail, Gastropod) Hemocyanin." In Protein Structure — Function Relationship. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0359-6_24.

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Hunter, C. A., and M. J. Packer. "Computational Approaches to Predicting Sequence-Structure Relationships in DNA." In Solid Mechanics and Its Applications. Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9930-6_34.

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Steipe, Boris, and Bhooma Thiruv. "schematikon: Detailed Sequence-Structure Relationships from Mining a Non-redundant Protein Structure Database." In Bioinformatics Research and Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08171-7_32.

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Howard, S. P., and L. Lindsay. "Structure/Function Relationships in the Signal Sequence of the Colicin A Lysis Protein." In Bacteriocins, Microcins and Lantibiotics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76974-0_28.

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Estess, Pila, Ann B. Begovich, Patricia P. Jones, and Hugh O. McDevitt. "Structure/Function Relationships Among Murine Class II Molecules: Sequence Analysis of I-A cDNA Clones." In Regulation of Immune Gene Expression. Humana Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5014-2_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sequence-Structure relationship"

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Li, Minghui, Lei Lin, Xiaolong Wang, Qiwen Dong, and Tao Liu. "Study on Relationship between Protein Sequence Pattern and Protein Secondary Structure." In 2005 27th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2005.1615533.

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Nicosia, Giuseppe, Eva Sciacca, and Luca Zammataro. "Detecting constituent sequences by means of HP pattern-based grammars to synthesize proteins: Inferring sequence-structure-function relationship." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Workshops. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibmw.2007.4425400.

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Jenewein, Oswald. "Designing Towards Ecological Environments: A Modular Approach to Structure a Design Studio Sequence." In 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.53.

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Architecture is a process that forms the physical background of every-day life. Both in academia and practice, a contemporary design studio must tackle ecological topics as architecture materializes itself within the rapidly changing natural environment. The premise for this paper are three timely challenges that the world is facing collectively in this stage of Post-Industrialization.First and foremost, the challenges arising from the Epoch of the Anthropocene. As the repercussions of climate change have started to materialize, the built environment needs to adapt to changing conditions, from
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Grzebieta, Raphael, David Young, Andrew McIntosh, and Michael Bambach. "Occupant Injuries and Roof Strength in Rollover Crashes." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68739.

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This paper shows how a mathematical relationship can be derived linking serious neck injuries to excessive roof deformation and that this relationship depends on the vehicle’s Centre of Gravity (COG) lateral velocity at the moment of touchdown of the vehicle’s roof structure. The relationships have been greatly simplified for an idealized condition to facilitate derivation of the equations. In the case of a very strong roof, occupant neck loading resulting from torso augmentation reaches a threshold value that depends on the coefficient of friction between the road surface and the vehicle’s st
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Ramaswamy, Shri, Shuiyuan Huang, Amit Goel, et al. "The 3D Structure of Paper and its Relationship to Moisture Transport in Liquid and Vapor Forms." In The Science of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.2001.2.1289.

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The three dimensional structure of paper materials plays a critical role in the paper manufacturing process especially via its impact on the transport properties for fluids. Dewatering of the wet web, pressing and drying will benefit from knowledge of the relationships between the web structure and its transport coefficients. Among transport, moisture diffusion in paper is central to the understanding and optimal design of paper products for their performance in different environmental conditions. Our recent research of moisture sorption in paper has indicated that diffusion of water vapor thr
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Sonalkar, Neeraj, Kathryn Jablokow, Jonathan Edelman, Ade Mabogunje, and Larry Leifer. "Design Whodunit: The Relationship Between Individual Characteristics and Interaction Behaviors in Design Concept Generation." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68239.

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This paper investigates the relationship between interaction behaviors and the cognitive characteristics of participating individuals in engineering design teams engaged in concept generation. Individual characteristics were measured using the Kirton Adaption-Innovation inventory (KAI), which assesses an individual’s cognitive preference for structure in seeking and responding to change. Team interactions were measured using the Interaction Dynamics Notation (IDN), which allows interaction behaviors to be quantitatively analyzed. A correlation analysis revealed statistically significant correl
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Miwa, Toshiharu, Hideki Aoyama, and Kosuke Ishii. "Probabilistic Evaluation of Product Development Task Planning Using Worth Flow Analysis." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49142.

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The acceleration of the product development cycle continues to be a significant challenge for manufacturing firms around the world. The present paper describes a task planning method that takes the uncertain relationships among the product components into consideration in order to reduce the development time in large-scale and complicated product development with uncertainty at the early stage of product development. We developed a probabilistic worth flow analysis to evaluate each product component for task prioritization with an uncertain relationship among product components. The method cal
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Wang, Tianming, Xiaojun Wan, and Shaowei Yao. "Better AMR-To-Text Generation with Graph Structure Reconstruction." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/542.

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AMR-to-text generation is a challenging task of generating texts from graph-based semantic representations. Recent studies formalize this task a graph-to-sequence learning problem and use various graph neural networks to model graph structure. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that generates texts from AMR graphs while reconstructing the input graph structures. Our model employs graph attention mechanism to aggregate information for encoding the inputs. Moreover, better node representations are learned by optimizing two simple but effective auxiliary reconstruction objectives: link pr
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Ganian, Robert, Viktoriia Korchemna, and Stefan Szeider. "Revisiting Causal Discovery from a Complexity-Theoretic Perspective." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/374.

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Causal discovery seeks to unveil causal relationships (represented as a so-called causal graph) from observational data. This paper investigates the complex relationship between the graph structure and the efficiency of constraint-based causal discovery algorithms. Our main contributions include (i) a near-tight characterization of which causal graphs admit a small d-separating set for each pair of vertices and thus can potentially be efficiently recovered by a constraint-based causal discovery algorithm, (ii) the explicit construction of a sequence of causal graphs on which the influential PC
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Qiao, Jie, Ruichu Cai, Siyu Wu, Yu Xiang, Keli Zhang, and Zhifeng Hao. "Structural Hawkes Processes for Learning Causal Structure from Discrete-Time Event Sequences." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/633.

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Learning causal structure among event types from discrete-time event sequences is a particularly important but challenging task. Existing methods, such as the multivariate Hawkes processes based methods, mostly boil down to learning the so-called Granger causality which assumes that the cause event happens strictly prior to its effect event. Such an assumption is often untenable beyond applications, especially when dealing with discrete-time event sequences in low-resolution; and typical discrete Hawkes processes mainly suffer from identifiability issues raised by the instantaneous effect, i.e
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Reports on the topic "Sequence-Structure relationship"

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Montville, Thomas J., and Roni Shapira. Molecular Engineering of Pediocin A to Establish Structure/Function Relationships for Mechanistic Control of Foodborne Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568088.bard.

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This project relates the structure of the bacteriocin molecule (which is genetically determined) to its antimicrobial function. We have sequenced the 19,542 bp pediocin plasmid pMD136 and developed a genetic transfer system for pediococci. The pediocin A operon is complex, containing putative structural, immunity, processing, and transport genes. The deduced sequence of the pediocin A molecule contains 44 amino acids and has a predicted PI of 9.45. Mechanistic studies compared the interaction of pediocin PA-1 and nisin with Listeria monocytgenes cells and model lipid systems. While significant
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Mevarech, Moshe, Jeremy Bruenn, and Yigal Koltin. Virus Encoded Toxin of the Corn Smut Ustilago Maydis - Isolation of Receptors and Mapping Functional Domains. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613022.bard.

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Ustilago maydis is a fungal pathogen of maize. Some strains of U. maydis encode secreted polypeptide toxins capable of killing other susceptible strains of U. maydis. Resistance to the toxins is conferred by recessive nuclear genes. The toxins are encoded by genomic segments of resident double-strande RNA viruses. The best characterized toxin, KP6, is composed of two polypeptides, a and b, which are not covalently linked. It is encoded by P6M2 dsRNA, which has been cloned, sequenced and expressed in a variety of systems. In this study we have shown that the toxin acts on the membranes of sensi
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McElwain, Terry, Eugene Pipano, Guy Palmer, Varda Shkap, Stephen Hines, and Douglas Jasmer. Protection of Cattle Against Babesiosis: Immunization with Recombinant DNA Derived Apical Complex Antigens of Babesia bovis. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612835.bard.

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Bovine babesiosis caused by Babesia bovis continues to be a significant deterrent to global livestock production. Current control methods have both biological and technical drawbacks that have stimulated research on improved methods of vaccination. This BARD project has focused on characterization of candidate Babesia bovis vaccine antigens located in the apical complex, a unique group of subcellular organelles - including rhoptries, micronemes, and spherical bodies - involved in the invation of erythrocytes. Spherical bodies and rhoptries were partially purified and their contents characteriz
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Funkenstein, Bruria, and Cunming Duan. GH-IGF Axis in Sparus aurata: Possible Applications to Genetic Selection. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580665.bard.

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Many factors affect growth rate in fish: environmental, nutritional, genetics and endogenous (physiological) factors. Endogenous control of growth is very complex and many hormone systems are involved. Nevertheless, it is well accepted that growth hormone (GH) plays a major role in stimulating somatic growth. Although it is now clear that most, if not all, components of the GH-IGF axis exist in fish, we are still far from understanding how fish grow. In our project we used as the experimental system a marine fish, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), which inhabits lagoons along the Mediter
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There i
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