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Journal articles on the topic 'Serial independence'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Tran, Lanh, Ba Chu, Chunfeng Huang, and Kim P. Huynh. "Adaptive permutation tests for serial independence." Statistica Neerlandica 68, no. 3 (May 13, 2014): 183–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/stan.12028.

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2

Pinkse, Joris. "A consistent nonparametric test for serial independence." Journal of Econometrics 84, no. 2 (June 1998): 205–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4076(97)00084-5.

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3

Du, Zaichao. "Testing for serial independence of panel errors." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 76 (August 2014): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2013.07.031.

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4

Malishevski, Andrey V. "Path independence in serial—parallel data processing." Mathematical Social Sciences 27, no. 3 (June 1994): 335–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-4896(93)00742-d.

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5

Zucker, Shay. "Detection of Periodicity Based on Independence Tests – II. Improved Serial Independence Measure." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 457, no. 1 (January 29, 2016): L118—L121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slw002.

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6

Genest, Christian, Jean-FranÇlois Quessy, and Bruno RÉamillard. "Tests of serial independence based on Kendall's process." Canadian Journal of Statistics 30, no. 3 (September 2002): 441–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3316147.

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7

Bagnato, Luca, Lucio De Capitani, and Antonio Punzo. "Testing for Serial Independence: Beyond the Portmanteau Approach." American Statistician 72, no. 3 (January 26, 2018): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2016.1264314.

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8

Lacal, Virginia, and Dag TjØstheim. "Local Gaussian Autocorrelation and Tests for Serial Independence." Journal of Time Series Analysis 38, no. 1 (April 14, 2016): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jtsa.12195.

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9

Delgado, Miguel A. "TESTING SERIAL INDEPENDENCE USING THE SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION." Journal of Time Series Analysis 17, no. 3 (May 1996): 271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9892.1996.tb00276.x.

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10

Meintanis, Simos G., Joseph Ngatchou-Wandji, and James Allison. "Testing for serial independence in vector autoregressive models." Statistical Papers 59, no. 4 (September 7, 2018): 1379–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00362-018-1039-4.

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11

Bagnato, Luca, Lucio De Capitani, and Antonio Punzo. "Testing Serial Independence via Density-Based Measures of Divergence." Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability 16, no. 3 (February 8, 2013): 627–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11009-013-9320-4.

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12

Hjellvik, Vidar, and Dag Tj⊘stheim. "Nonparametric statistics for testing of linearity and serial independence." Journal of Nonparametric Statistics 6, no. 2-3 (January 1996): 223–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10485259608832673.

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13

Delgado, M. "A nonparametric test for serial independence of regression errors." Biometrika 87, no. 1 (March 1, 2000): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/87.1.228.

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14

Orzeszko, Witold. "Nonparametric testing for serial independence using the NRL statistic." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 46, no. 7 (February 28, 2017): 5151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2016.1146760.

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15

Bilodeau, M., and P. Lafaye de Micheaux. "-dependence statistics for mutual and serial independence of categorical variables." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 139, no. 7 (July 2009): 2407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2008.11.006.

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16

Du, Zaichao, and Juan Carlos Escanciano. "A Nonparametric Distribution-Free Test for Serial Independence of Errors." Econometric Reviews 34, no. 6-10 (December 17, 2014): 1011–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07474938.2014.956616.

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17

Hong, Yongmiao. "Testing for pairwise serial independence via the empirical distribution function." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology) 60, no. 2 (1998): 429–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9868.00134.

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18

Jiang, Xinxin, and Marjorie G. Hahn. "Testing serial non-independence by self-centring and self-normalizing." Statistics 43, no. 4 (August 2009): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02331880802506551.

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19

Chigira, Hiroaki. "A test of serial independence of deviations from cointegrating relations." Economics Letters 92, no. 1 (July 2006): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2006.01.013.

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20

Chaudhuri, S. K. "Short-run Share Price Behaviour: New Evidence on Weak Form of Market Efficiency." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 16, no. 4 (October 1991): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919910402.

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Using daily price quotations of 93 actively traded shares for the period January 1988 to April 1990, S. K. Chaudhuri makes an attempt to examine the serial independence of share price changes. In particular, he applies the serial correlation test and the runs test to daily log price changes. The test results, according to him, do not appear to support the hypothesis of weak form of market efficiency.

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21

Ashley, Richard A., and Douglas M. Patterson. "A Nonparametric, Distribution-Free Test for Serial Independence in Stock Returns." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 21, no. 2 (June 1986): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2330739.

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22

Schwartz, Alan. "Serial Testing and Conditional Independence: A Reply to Scoglio et al." American Journal of Gastroenterology 99, no. 6 (June 2004): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.30087.x.

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23

Cammarota, Camillo. "The difference-sign runs length distribution in testing for serial independence." Journal of Applied Statistics 38, no. 5 (May 2011): 1033–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664761003758984.

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24

Ghoudi, Kilani, and Bruno Rémillard. "Serial independence tests for innovations of conditional mean and variance models." TEST 27, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11749-016-0521-3.

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25

Ghoudi, Kilani, Reg J. Kulperger, and Bruno Rémillard. "A Nonparametric Test of Serial Independence for Time Series and Residuals." Journal of Multivariate Analysis 79, no. 2 (November 2001): 191–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmva.2000.1967.

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26

Klaus, Bettina, and Alexandru Nichifor. "Serial dictatorship mechanisms with reservation prices: heterogeneous objects." Social Choice and Welfare 57, no. 1 (February 13, 2021): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-020-01303-w.

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AbstractWe adapt a set of mechanisms introduced by Klaus and Nichifor (Econ Theory 70:665–684, 2020), serial dictatorship mechanisms with (individual) reservation prices, to the allocation of heterogeneous indivisible objects, e.g., specialist clinic appointments. We show how the characterization of serial dictatorship mechanisms with reservation prices for homogeneous indivisible objects (Klaus and Nichifor 2020, Theorem 1) can be adapted to the allocation of heterogeneous indivisible objects by adding neutrality: mechanism $$\varphi $$ φ satisfies minimal tradability, individual rationality, strategy-proofness, consistency, independence of unallocated objects, neutrality, and non wasteful tie-breaking if and only if there exists a reservation price vector r and a priority ordering $$\succ $$ ≻ such that $$\varphi $$ φ is a serial dictatorship mechanism with reservation prices based on r and $$\succ $$ ≻ .

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27

SKAUG, HANS JULIUS, and DAG TJØSTHEIM. "A nonparametric test of serial independence based on the empirical distribution function." Biometrika 80, no. 3 (1993): 591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/80.3.591.

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28

Bowers, Robert Ian, and William Timberlake. "Do rats learn conditional independence?" Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 2 (February 2017): 160994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160994.

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If acquired associations are to accurately represent real relevance relations, there is motivation for the hypothesis that learning will, in some circumstances, be more appropriately modelled, not as direct dependence, but as conditional independence. In a serial compound conditioning experiment, two groups of rats were presented with a conditioned stimulus (CS1) that imperfectly (50%) predicted food, and was itself imperfectly predicted by a CS2. Groups differed in the proportion of CS2 presentations that were ultimately followed by food (25% versus 75%). Thus, the information presented regarding the relevance of CS2 to food was ambiguous between direct dependence and conditional independence (given CS1). If rats learnt that food was conditionally independent of CS2, given CS1, subjects of both groups should thereafter respond similarly to CS2 alone. Contrary to the conditionality hypothesis, subjects attended to the direct food predictability of CS2, suggesting that rats treat even distal stimuli in a CS sequence as immediately relevant to food, not conditional on an intermediate stimulus. These results urge caution in representing indirect associations as conditional associations, accentuate the theoretical weight of the Markov condition in graphical models, and challenge theories to articulate the conditions under which animals are expected to learn conditional associations, if ever.

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29

Corrado, Charles J., and John Schatzberg. "A Nonparametric Distribution-Free Test for Serial Independence in Stock Returns: A Correction." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 25, no. 3 (September 1990): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2330705.

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30

Ashley, Richard, and Douglas Patterson. "A Nonparametric Distribution-Free Test for Serial Independence in Stock Returns: A Comment." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 25, no. 3 (September 1990): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2330706.

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31

Cohen, Annabel J., Bradley Frankland, Michael Lamoureux, and Debora Dunphy. "Effects of tone sets and serial orders on melodic tracking: Dependence or independence?" Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 88, S1 (November 1990): S91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2029216.

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32

Wühr, Peter, and Iring Koch. "Independence of serial position and response conflict in pre-planned manual response sequences." Acta Psychologica 138, no. 1 (September 2011): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.07.004.

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33

Laverty, William H., and Ivan W. Kelly. "Visualizing State Identification in Auto-Regressive Hidden Markov (ARHMM) Models With the Forward and Backward Algorithms Using Excel." International Journal of Statistics and Probability 8, no. 5 (August 6, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v8n5p25.

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Earlier articles, Laverty, Miket, Kelly (2002c), Laverty and Kelly (2019) used Excel to simulate Hidden Markov models and calculate the probabilities of the unknown states using the forward and backward algorithms (Rabiner, 1989). In those articles, independence between observations in each state were assumed. In many situations, however, the assumption of independence within states cannot be made. A more appropriate model for the data in this case would be an Autoregressive Hidden Markov model which accounts for serial correlation within states. In this article, a two-state ARHMM will be simulated with the forward-backward algorithm used to calculate conditional state probabilities given the observed data.

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34

Kojadinovic, Ivan, and Jun Yan. "Tests of serial independence for continuous multivariate time series based on a Möbius decomposition of the independence empirical copula process." Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 63, no. 2 (July 28, 2009): 347–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10463-009-0257-x.

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35

BELLINI, FABIO, and GIANNA FIGÀ-TALAMANCA. "DETECTING AND MODELING TAIL DEPENDENCE." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 07, no. 03 (May 2004): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024904002426.

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The aim of this work is to develop a nonparametric tool for detecting dependence in the tails of financial data. We provide a simple method to locate and measure serial dependence in the tails, based on runs tests. Our empirical investigations on many financial time series reveal a strong departure from independence for daily logreturns, which is not filtered out by usual Garch models.

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36

Zaitsu, Wataru. "Offence Characteristics of Serial Arsonists, Differentiated by Their Social Independence and Severity of Criminality." Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology 15, no. 2 (2010): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3408/jafst.15.111.

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37

Ryabko, Boris, and Jaakko Astola. "Universal codes as a basis for nonparametric testing of serial independence for time series." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 136, no. 12 (December 2006): 4119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2005.07.008.

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38

ZAITSU, Wataru. "Interval days, criminal behaviors, severity of criminality and social independence of serial sex offenders." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 74 (September 20, 2010): 3PM150. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.74.0_3pm150.

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39

Salawu, Mary Kehinde. "Factors Influencing Auditor Independence among Listed Companies in Nigeria: Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) Approach." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 8 (July 19, 2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n8p191.

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The study examines the factors influencing auditor independence among listed companies in Nigeria. A sample of 65 firms out of the 194 listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) were purposively selected for analysis, these comprise 14 money deposit banks (financial), 1 mortgage bank and 50 non-financial firms. Secondary data were employed for the study and were sourced from the audited financial reports of sampled companies and fact book of the Nigerian Stock Exchange between the periods of 2006 and 2013. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). Preliminary tests were carried out such as Sargan test, Arellano-Bond Serial Correlation Test among others. The study revealed that Big4, audit tenure, profitability, leverage and inventory with account receivable had negative significant impact, which can impair auditor independence, while size of the firms and loss had positive influence on auditor independence in Nigeria. Also, the square root of the number of subsidiaries was positively related to auditor independence, but not significant and the total number of subsidiaries had positive influence on auditor independence but not significant. These results implied that the two variables can increase the complexity of the audit and, consequently, a rise in audit fees expect in their presence. This will in turn reduce auditor independence. The study therefore recommended that joint audit be adopted and audited tenure be reviewed. The findings of the study would enable management, regulators, investors and other stock market participants to play their unique and important roles in enhancing auditor independence in Nigeria.

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40

Belgaumi, M. S. "Efficiency of the Indian Stock Market : An Empirical Study." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 20, no. 2 (April 1995): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919950204.

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Based on an analysis of 70 companies listed in the ‘A’ list category on the Bombay Stock Exchange, this paper by Belgaumi is an attempt to test the weak form efficiency of the Indian stock market. By subjecting the weekly share prices to Serial Correlation Analysis and Runs Test, the author finds that the Indian stock exchanges are efficient in the weak form and that the independence assumption regarding the movements of share prices over short period holds good.

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41

Liu, Yanfang, and William Zhu. "Matroidal Structure of Rough Sets Based on Serial and Transitive Relations." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/429737.

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The theory of rough sets is concerned with the lower and upper approximations of objects through a binary relation on a universe. It has been applied to machine learning, knowledge discovery, and data mining. The theory of matroids is a generalization of linear independence in vector spaces. It has been used in combinatorial optimization and algorithm design. In order to take advantages of both rough sets and matroids, in this paper we propose a matroidal structure of rough sets based on a serial and transitive relation on a universe. We define the family of all minimal neighborhoods of a relation on a universe and prove it satisfies the circuit axioms of matroids when the relation is serial and transitive. In order to further study this matroidal structure, we investigate the inverse of this construction: inducing a relation by a matroid. The relationships between the upper approximation operators of rough sets based on relations and the closure operators of matroids in the above two constructions are studied. Moreover, we investigate the connections between the above two constructions.

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42

KRISTIANSEN, MONICA, RUNE WINTHER, and BENT NATVIG. "ON COMPONENT DEPENDENCIES IN COMPOUND SOFTWARE." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 17, no. 05 (October 2010): 465–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539310003895.

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Predicting the reliability of software systems based on a component approach is inherently difficult, in particular due to failure dependencies between the software components. Since it is practically difficult to include all component dependencies in a system's reliability calculation, a more viable approach would be to include only those dependencies that have a significant impact on the assessed system reliability. This paper starts out by defining two new concepts: data-serial and data-parallel components. Then, this paper illustrates how the components' marginal reliabilities put direct restrictions on the components' conditional probabilities, and proves that the degrees of freedom are much fewer than first anticipated when it comes to conditional probabilities. At last, a test system, consisting of five components, is investigated to identify possible rules for selecting the most important component dependencies. To do this, three different techniques are applied: (1) direct calculation, (2) Birnbaum's measure and (3) Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results from the analyses clearly show that including partial dependency information may give substantial improvements in the reliability predictions, compared to assuming independence between all software components. The analyses also indicate that including only dependencies between data-parallel components may give predictions close to the system's true failure probability, as long as the dependency between the most unreliable components is included. Including only dependencies between data-serial components may however result in predictions even worse than by assuming independence between all software components.

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43

Leung, Joan, Clayton King, and Sarah Fereday. "Effectiveness of a programme comprising serial casting, botulinum toxin, splinting and motor training for contracture management: a randomized controlled trial." Clinical Rehabilitation 33, no. 6 (February 27, 2019): 1035–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215519831337.

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Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a programme comprising serial casting, botulinum toxin, splinting and motor training in contracture management. Design: A randomized trial with concealed allocation and assessor blinding, a deferred treatment cross-over design within the control group, was conducted. Setting: Inpatient Brain Injury Unit of a rehabilitation centre. Subjects: A total of 10 patients with severe acquired brain injury (13 ankles). Interventions: The intervention group received botulinum toxin and then serial casting. The control group was placed on a wait list for six weeks (control phase) and then received the same interventions as the intervention group (intervention phase). Both groups received splinting and motor training following serial casting. Main measures: The primary outcome was passive ankle dorsiflexion range. Secondary outcomes included spasticity, ankle dorsiflexor strength, Functional Independence Measure score for the walking item and walking speed. Results: The mean between-group difference for passive ankle dorsiflexion range at completion of casting was 26° (95% confidence interval (CI): 17–35); at Week 2, after casting was 24° (95% CI: 14–33). The mean within-group differences for passive ankle dorsiflexion at completion of casting, Week 2 after casting and Week 8 after casting were 26° (95% CI: 20–31), 26° (95% CI: 18–33) and 24° (95% CI: 19–30), respectively. These improvements were sustained at Week 2 and Week 8 after casting. Conclusions: A programme for contracture management comprising serial casting, botulinum toxin, motor training and splinting can be useful in improving joint range.

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44

Roy, Subrata. "Testing Random Walk and Market Efficiency: A Cross-Stock Market Analysis." Foreign Trade Review 53, no. 4 (October 8, 2018): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732518797183.

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The study seeks to examine the Random Walk Hypothesis (RWH) and market efficiency of the selected stock market indices particularly London Stock Exchange, EuroStoxx 50, Nihon Keizai Shimbum (NIKKI), Shanghai Composite Stock Exchange and Bombay Stock Exchange. Daily closing index value is considered and transformed into logarithm return. Various tests like serial independence test, unit root test and multiple variance tests are applied. It is observed that the null hypotheses (presence of random walks) of the daily returns of the indices are rejected and in few cases are accepted based on various test statistics. JEL Classification: G00, G01, G02

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45

Oktavia, Deni. "FLYPAPER EFFECT: FENOMENA SERIAL WAKTU DAN LINTAS KABUPATEN KOTA DI JAWA TIMUR 2003-2013." JURNAL AKUNTANSI UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 12, no. 2 (March 31, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jauj.v12i2.1407.

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The aims of local autonomy is to achieve local independence funding, so the interference of the central government decrease. Local governments have funding source from the own region revenues (PAD), which is used to finance expenditures and development. Regency or municipalities funding sources not only their PAD. Local governments also get help from central government transfers such block grant aid or transfer fund (DAU). In the course of the central government transfers actually become a disincentive for increased regional funding. Regions become more dependent on central government transfers rather than optimize their own revenues (PAD). There are has indications of asymmetric behavior in response to the transfer of central government. Region revenues (PAD) and the transfer fund (DAU) from central government is generally positive effect on the regional expenditure (BD). Results for the time series test indicates that occurred flypaper effect, indicated by DAU more significant influence on regional expenditure of the influence of the PAD. Regency or manucipalities in East Java generally done flypaper effect, BD response was greater from DAU components. Key words: region revenues, transfer fund, regional expenditure

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46

Yamin, Stephanie, Valerie Ranger, Arne Stinchcombe, Frank Knoefel, and Michel Bédard. "USING SERIAL TRICHOTOMIZATION WITH NEUROPSYCH MEASURES TO INFORM DECISIONS ON FITNESS TO DRIVE AMONG OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2881.

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Abstract Older adults report that driving provides a sense of independence and wellbeing. For some older adults, driving cessation becomes necessary due to their health status having an impact on their ability to drive safely. Decisions related to driving cessation are difficult and often left to the clinical judgement of primary care physicians. There is an interest in developing a method that could help assist physicians in making that determination. To date, there is no neuropsychological test that produces an acceptable level of sensitivity and specificity allowing for the determination of an individual’s fitness to drive. Serial trichotomization involves classifying drivers as either pass, fail or indeterminate based on cut-points that leads to 100% sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of this study was to examine the serial trichotomization method using four common neuropsychological tests (i.e., 3MS, Trails A & B, clock drawing). Sensitivity and specificity for each test were established using a medical expert’s clinical judgement. Charts of 105 patients at a tertiary memory disorders clinic were reviewed and data related to neuropsychological test scores and clinical judgement around fitness to drive were abstracted. After applying the trichotomization, 38.1% of the sample were classified as unfit to drive, 36.1% were classified as indeterminate, and 25.8% were classified as fit to drive. This study adds to the growing body of literature supporting the use of serial trichotomization to streamline decision-making about fitness to drive.

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47

Rezai, Ali R., Per B. Sederberg, Jennifer Bogner, Dylan M. Nielson, Jun Zhang, W. Jerry Mysiw, Michael V. Knopp, and John D. Corrigan. "Improved Function After Deep Brain Stimulation for Chronic, Severe Traumatic Brain Injury." Neurosurgery 79, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000001190.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) damages the frontal lobes and connecting networks, which impairs executive functions, including the ability to self-regulate. Despite significant disabling effects, there are few treatment options in the chronic phase after injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and potential effectiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for individuals with chronic, disabling TBI and problems of behavioral and emotional self-regulation. METHODS: This study was an open-label, prospective design with serial assessments of behavioral outcomes and positron emission tomography 2 years after DBS implantation. Four participants 6 to 21 years after severe TBIs from automobile crashes were included. Although alert and volitional, all experienced significant executive impairments, including either impulsivity or reduced initiation. DBS implants were placed bilaterally in the nucleus accumbens and anterior limb of the internal capsule to modulate the prefrontal cortex. RESULTS: The procedure was safe, and all participants had improved functional outcomes. Two years after implantation, 3 met a priori criteria for improvement on the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4. Improvement was due largely to better emotional adjustment, although 1 participant showed marked increases in multiple domains. Significant improvement in a composite score of functional capacity indicated improved independence in self-care and activities of daily living. The pattern of change in cognition corresponded with changes in activation of the prefrontal cortex observed in serial scanning. CONCLUSION: This first study of DBS to this target for severe TBI supports its safety and suggests potential effectiveness to improve function years after injury. The primary impact was on behavioral and emotional adjustment, which in turn improved functional independence. Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Web site (www.neurosurgery-online.com).

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48

Chang, Long, and Lin Shi. "A Parallel Genetic Algorithm Based on OpenCL in Resolving 0/1 Knapsack Problems." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 1633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.1633.

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This paper mainly focused on 0/1 knapsack problems based on the genetic algorithm (GA). According to characteristics of the individual independence in GA, a parallel segmentation method was presented using the OpenCL technology in resolving the 0/1 knapsack problems. Moreover, the local memory was partially optimized in the statistical operation of GA. Experiment results in comparing serial and parallel algorithm implementations showed that the parallel algorithm implementation was operative and the execution time of the parallel algorithm implementation increased linearly according to the increment of problem scale. By comparing the execution time of implementations on CPU and GPU under various individuals and iterations conditions, the effects on CPU and GPU of this method were also analyzed.

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49

Ryabko, Boris, Jaakko Astola, and Alex Gammerman. "Application of Kolmogorov complexity and universal codes to identity testing and nonparametric testing of serial independence for time series." Theoretical Computer Science 359, no. 1-3 (August 2006): 440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2006.06.004.

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50

Husain, Fazal. "The Random Walk Model in the Pakistani Equity Market: An Examination." Pakistan Development Review 36, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v36i3pp.221-240.

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Abstract:

This paper examines the validity of the Random Walk Model in the Pakistani equity market. The model, extensively tested in other equity markets, implies that past movements in a stock price are not helpful in predicting future prices of that stock. The model states that changes in stock prices are serially independent and conform to some probability distribution. Conventionally, the independence part is examined through Serial Correlation Test, whereas the distributional aspect is analysed through Frequency Distributions. Same techniques are applied in this paper on daily closing prices of 36 individual stocks, 8 sector indices, and a market index from January 1, 1989 to December 30, 1993. The analysis indicates that the Random Walk Model is not valid in the Pakistani equity market as is the case in other emerging markets. The results show the presence of strong serial dependence in stock returns and indicate the slow adjustment of the market to new information. This points to the weaknesses of the market regarding the dissemination of pertinent information to potential investors, indicating that effective measures should be taken in this regard. The shape of the distribution reveals that stock returns in the Pakistani market, like in other equity markets, do not comply with the normal distribution, implying that theoretical models must be used with caution.

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