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Wright, Lauren E. "The American Serial Rapist: 1940-2010." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1397845726.
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Fesmire, Clara M. "The Con at Work: A Sociological Profile of the Con-Style Serial Rapist." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1429538229.
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Fernandez, Ricardo E. "A Case Study of a Six-Time Convicted Serial Rapist: The Search for Explanation." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2320.
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This case study discusses rape theories by performing a case study of a convicted serial rapist, hereafter referred to as “Carl Criminal.” This pseudonym has been used throughout this research effort in order to avoid the additional contributing to the celebrity status of the true rapist who has committed these vicious sexual assaults. Locations have also been changed in order to prevent contribution of further clues that may help identify the rapist and avoid embarrassment, humiliation, and further mental anguish for the rape victims.
On January 18, 1999, Carl Criminal, a 38-year-old white male Sheriff’s Deputy with a local sheriff’s office was arrested and initially charged with five counts of aggravated rape. The charges were later amended to include a sixth charge of aggravated rape. At the time of his arrest, Carl Criminal was a veteran law enforcement officer for over nineteen years and had served as a plainclothes sergeant with the Juvenile Division. Carl Criminal’s arrest ended an extensive years-long rape task force investigation into a series of rapes that occurred between 1986 and 1997. Carl Criminal, upon being interviewed at his place of incarceration, admitted that he committed eleven rapes during the period of his criminal activity while serving as a sheriff’s deputy.
This research project explores Carl Criminal’s history and chronicles his career as a law enforcement officer and as a rapist. The project represents a searched for possible explanations, causation, and motivation for his criminal behavior. This study attempts to dissect his aberrant behavior and analyze potential causes related to his nurturing. Furthermore, the study examines his relationships and attempted to discern early patterns of social deviance. Carl Criminal himself stated, “I wish someone could tell me what’s wrong with me.” This research study attempts to furnish answers to his question.
This case study explores Carl Criminal’s current thoughts regarding the trauma he brought to his victims’ lives. Carl Criminal lamented the pain he now realizes his victims experienced. The research identified incidents in Carl Criminal’s youth that may now serve as markers to assist in identifying potential criminal behavior in the lives of other adolescents.
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Westerlund, Mikael. "Rädsla i det offentliga rummet : En undersökning av samband mellan media och rädsla för överfallsvåldtäkt." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för humaniora, utbildning och samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-15397.
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Sammanfattning Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att analysera och diskutera hur rädsla utvecklas i samband med överfallsvåldtäkter, och undersöka samband mellan media och kvinnors rädsla. Syftet har också varit att relatera rädslans betydelse i förhållande till jämställdhet. Den övergripande problemfrågan har varit: - Finns det samband mellan medias nyhetsförmedling och kvinnors rädsla för överfallsvåldtäkt? Följande undersökningsfrågor har använts: - Hur ser forskningen på problemet med kvinnors rädsla för brott och våldtäkt? - På vilket sätt kan nyhetsklippen i Nerikes Allehanda ha påverkat utvecklingen av rädsla för överfallsvåldtäkter i Örebro? Undersökningen har gjorts i två delar. Först genom en undersökning av vad tidigare forskning kommit fram till om kvinnors rädsla för brott och våldtäkt. Sedan genom en textanalys av nyhetsklipp i Nerikes Allehanda, och hur dessa kan ha påverkat rädsla för överfallsvåldtäkter i Örebro. Tidsrummet sträcker sig från september 2009 till september 2010. Som utgångspunkt för textanalysen har Göran Bergström och Kristina Boréus metodbok Textens mening och makt använts. Jag har utgått från en teori om att medierna sätter dagordningen för vilka frågor som blir viktiga. Genomgående har analyserna genomförts från ett genusperspektiv, som utgår från att män och kvinnor har olika positioner i förhållande till våldtäkt. Ett tema om kvinnors tillgång till det offentliga rummet har en central plats i uppsatsen. För att relatera resultaten till ett vidare jämställdhetsperspektiv har Susan Brownmillers teori, om våldtäkt som uttryck för makt och social kontroll, använts. Slutsatsen är att det verkar finnas samband mellan medias nyhetsförmedling och kvinnors rädsla för överfallsvåldtäkt. Nerikes Allehandas nyhetsklipp är utformade på ett sätt som kan verka uppskrämmande på många kvinnor. Det gäller t.ex. signalerande nyheter, som är utformade på ett sätt som varnar kvinnor att de kan bli serievåldtäktsmannens nästa offer. Det sker också genom varningar från polisen, medierade genom media. Samspelet mellan Nerikes Allehandas kriminaljournalistik och polisen som huvudsaklig källa till nyhetsartikarna, har troligen haft en central roll i genererandet av en genuskodad rädsla, utan att varken polis eller Nerikes Allehanda haft något syfte att skrämma kvinnor. Ett sätt varigenom rädslan kunnat föras vidare är genom ett kulturellt narrativ, som skapas genom nyhetsklippen.Abstract The aim of this essay has been to analyze and discuss how fear develops in the context of rape attacks and investigate the relationship between media and women's fear. The aim has been to relate the importance of fear to gender equality. The overall question has been: - Is there a connection between media coverage and women's fear of sexual assault? The research issues that have been used: - How does research regard questions concerning women's fear of crime and rape? - How can newspaper articles in Nerikes Allehanda have influenced the development of fear of rape attacks in Örebro? The study was conducted in two parts. The first part was carried out as an examination of what previous research has concluded on women’s fear of crime and rape. Then through a textual analysis of newspaper articles in Nerikes Allehanda and how these may have affected the fear of rape attacks in Örebro. The time span is September 2009 to September 2010. Göran Bergström and Kristina Boréus method book Textens mening och makt was used as a basis for the text analysis. My point of departure has been a theory that the media set the agenda for what issues are important. The analysis was conducted from a gender perspective that assumes that men and women have different positions in relation to rape. A theme about women's access to public space has a central place in the essay. In order to relate the results to a wider gender equality perspective, Susan Brownmiller's theory of rape as an expression of power and social control has been used. The conclusion is that news media and women's fear of assault and rape seems to be linked. Newspaper articles in Nerikes Allehanda are designed in a way that may seem frightening to many women. This applies, for instance, to signaling news stories designed to warn women that they may become the next victim of a serial rapist. It also applies to warnings from the police, mediated through the media. The interaction between the crime coverage of Nerikes Allehanda and the police, as the main source of the news stories, probably played a central role in the generation of a gender-coded fear, without neither the police nor Nerikes Allehanda having any intent to scare women. A way that fear seems to have been passed on is through the creation of a cultural narrative that is created by the design of news articles.
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Lewis-Åkerman, Erik. "Rapid Serial Visual Presentation." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20800.
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Rapid Seriell Visuell Presentation (RSVP) är ett koncept som har möjligheten att påverka hur en användare konsumerar sin dagliga läsning. Denna metod att läsa skiljer sig från traditionell läsning på så sätt att enbart ett (ibland flera) ord visas i varje bildsekvens i motsats till traditionell läsning då läsaren har full överblick över den statiska texten. Eftersom denna metod att läsa skiljer sig i sådan utsträckning från traditionell läsning så finns det ett behov av att utveckla RSVP till att bli en allt mer intuitiv upplevelse för läsaren. Sex testpersoner intervjuas, varvid resultaten analyseras och utvecklas till en prototyp.Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) is a concept that changes every day reading into an efficient way of gathering information. Due to this innovative new way of reading, the importance of interaction that allows the user to interact with RSVP in an intuitive manner is needed to help the reader reach its full reading potential. This thesis puts existing RSVP programs to the test with the help of six participants in different ages. Through in-depth interviews with the participants, this thesis presents a possible new way of displaying information and interacting with RSVP. From analysing the results of the in-depth interviews, a prototype is created.
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ANDERSSON, GLASS A. M. A. N. D. A., and J. O. H. A. N. STORVALL. "Rapid Serial Visual Presentation påmoderna mobiltelefoner." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-136748.
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This thesis is a comparative study of Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) which is a dynamic method of presenting text. The aim of the study was to investigate how to improve the user friendlyness of RSVP for today's mobile phones and technology. To fulfill the purpose, the aspects of the method which could be improved was investigated and then implemented in a prototype. The prototype was tested in an experimental study after which the result was analyzed and compared with previous studies of RSVP. The new features that were implemented in this study showed no significant improvements in usability compared with previous studies, but proved to be more user-friendly in comparison with normal spatial reading.Denna uppsats är en jämförande studie av Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) som är en dynamisk metod för att presentera text. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur man kan förbättra användarvänligheten för RSVP till dagens mobiltelefoner och teknik. För att uppfylla syftet undersöktes vilka aspekter som kunde förbättras med metoden för att sedan implementera dessa i en prototyp. Prototypen testades i en experimentstudie varefter resultaten analyserades och jämfördes med tidigare studier av RSVP. De nya funktionerna som implementerades i denna studie visade inga märkbara förbättringar i användarvänlighet jämfört med tidigare studier, men visade sig vara mer användarvänliga i jämförelse med den normala spatiala läsningen.
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Wilson, Keith Winston. "Migration of objects during rapid serial visual search." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320211.
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This thesis is concerned with the various factors determining the apparent migration of targets during rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). This migration effect occurs when an observer reports a target as being present in a scene other than the one in which it was actually presented, usually the immediately preceding or following scene - the "host" scene. An experimental technique was developed based on Intraub's (1985;1989) work on these migration errors, and an improved computer-based system was developed. This allowed flexibility in the manipulation of experimental variables and also used a recognition memory paradigm to identify targets. Ten experiments were completed in total which examined three major issues concerning RSVP: contextual effects, low-level cues and the effects of apparent contrast. Using the newly developed software, Intraub's original results were replicated and extended. Manipulation of contextual information surrounding a host scene showed that the direction of apparent target migration, to the scene either succeeding or preceding the host scene, could be influenced by using a pre- or post-host bias in the visual context. For example, preceding an outdoor host-scene with another outdoor scene and following it with an indoor scene led to more migration errors to the preceding scene, i.e. there was a tendency for errors to be biased to structurally similar scenes. In another set of experiments, it was found that low-level binding cues could effectively aid the cohesiveness of host and target and thus reduce the number of migration errors. Furthermore, in a third set of experiments evidence that the direction of migration errors could be influenced by the apparent contrast of the search target was found. Higher apparent contrast could produce a predominance of pre-host migration errors. However, caution is called for in the interpretation of this final set of results since they are somewhat ambiguous and need further clarification. Taken as a whole the results found in these experiments have shown that an overall presentation rate of 8.33 Hz, subjects are able to effectively grasp the gist of the background to the target.
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Gootjes-Dreesbach, Ellis Luise. "Awareness & perception in rapid serial visual presentation." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/56667/.
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This thesis explores the subjective experience of targets in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), an experimental paradigm where visual stimuli are displayed in rapid succession. In RSVP, items appear on the screen so briefly that not every item in the stream can be encoded reliably. Thus, it allows observation of conscious experience at the fringe of perception. The Attentional Blink (AB) - an effect in which an RSVP target is likely to be missed if it follows a fully processed first target - has been used in order to manipulate the accuracy of item identification by varying the target separation and presentation speed. The main focus of studies using RSVP presentation to make inferences about conscious perception has been the question of whether conscious perception is all-or-none or gradual. We initially present some thoughts on the suitability of the AB paradigm for answering this question. Not much is known about the effect of different variables in the paradigm on subjective experience, and it is possible that AB mechanisms affect experience quite differently from other paradigms, limiting the generalisability of findings derived from work within the AB paradigm. Based on this, we follow two lines of evidence: First, we explore the possibility of finding gradations in subjective visibility of targets measured on ratings scales and in the response of the electroencephalogram using a simple single target RSVP. Second, we investigate the effect of target separation and perceived order on this subjective experience in the AB paradigm. Our results indicate that items in single-target RSVP can be perceived in a graded manner, with possible indications of a non-linear jump in brain activity between not-seen and seen items. Regarding subjective experience when separation of two targets is varied, we find a disconnect between accuracy and visibility of the second target when in close proximity to the first, showing relatively low subjective experience considering the high report accuracy. Target separation also affects the number of order confusions, which we find to reduce target visibility under specific conditions. These results add to our understanding of how targets are perceived in RSVP and have implications for research into conscious perception.
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Schlabach, Kelly A. Schlabach. "Preying on Poverty: How Serial Rapists Exploit the Vulnerability of Socially Disadvantaged People." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461242905.
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Furuhashi, Takeshi, Tomohiro Yoshikawa, Hiromu Takahashi, and Takanori Yokoi. "A Study on Classification Performance of Rapid Serial Visual Presentation with Small Choices." IEEE, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20710.
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Morgan, Abby Katherine. "The Effect of Load on the Detection of an Unexpected Stimulus in a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Task." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2593.
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A rapid serial visual presentation task (RSVP) was combined with the 'inattention' paradigm (Mack & Rock, 1998) to investigate the effect of cognitive load on the detection of an unexpected stimulus. In addition, the detection of an unexpected stimulus presented in conjunction with a distractor item, rather than target, was also investigated. Seventy four students of the University of Canterbury participated in one of five experiments. Participants either performed a high cognitive load version of the RSVP task, selecting items on the basis of colour and semantic category, or a low cognitive load version selecting items on the basis of colour only. On the final frame of the fourth and critical trial, an unexpected stimulus appeared in conjunction with either a target or distractor item. The level of inattentional blindness to the unexpected stimulus was the result of interest. No effect of cognitive load or presentation partner was found. The implications of the results for the load theory of attention and cognitive control are discussed, along with the potential future uses of the developed method.
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Corovic, Jelena. "Offender Profiling in Cases of Swedish Stranger Rapes." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89582.
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Swedish national statistics suggest that the number of reported stranger rapes is steadily increasing. Stranger rape is one of the most difficult types of crime for the police to investigate because there is no natural tie between the victim and offender. As a result, there is a need for more knowledge about how crime scene features could be used to make inferences of likely offender characteristics that could help investigators narrow down the pool of suspects. The aim in Study I was to examine how offender behaviors interact with contextual features, victim behaviors, and the assault outcome. Results suggest that the stranger rapes could be distinguished by five different dynamic rape pattern themes, which mainly differed on two dimensions: level of violence to control the victim, and level of impulsivity/premeditation characterizing the rapes. The results also highlight the importance of including contextual features when studying offender behaviors. The aim in Study II was to examine how single-victim rapists and serial rapists can be differentiated by the actions at their first stranger rape. Results suggest that three behaviors in conjunction: kissed victim, controlled victim, and offender drank alcohol before the offense, could be used to predict whether the offender was a single-victim rapist or serial rapist with a classification accuracy of 80.4 %. The aim in Study III was to examine how stranger rapists could be differentiated from a normative sample on background characteristics, and if stranger rapists’ pre-assault and initial-attack behaviors could be used to predict likely offender characteristics. Results showed that the strongest predictions could be made for previous criminal convictions, offender age, and the distance traveled by the offender to offend. Overall, the present thesis has found some scientific support for the use of crime scene behaviors to make inferences of likely offender characteristics that could be useful for profiling purposes.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Submitted. Paper 3: Submitted.
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Langer, H. J., and M. Shellabear. "Recent e-Manufacturing solutions developed by EOS." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 4, Issue 1: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/492.
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Published Articlee-Manufacturing means the fast, flexible and cost-effective production of parts directly from electronic data, which can include rapid prototyping, rapid tooling, (spare) parts on demand etc. Especially interesting is the direct manufacture of enduse parts. In this paper, recent case studies will be presented showing commercial e-Manufacturing projects including small production batches and mass customized series production from various industrial branches. The paper also discusses the relevance of several recent technological innovations in laser-sintering for e- Manufacturing, especially how increasing the productivity of machines and process chains has increased the range of applications which are cost-effective using lasersintering.
Case studies include:
- small series production (up to a few thousand p.a.) of products
- production of customized (one-off) products
- mass production of customer-specific (mass customized) products
- optimized tooling concepts for production of up to millions of products
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Schmitt, Juliana Campos. "Preditores neuropsicológicos da leitura em crianças com TDAH." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6143.
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O estudo investigou a influência de variáveis cognitivas e do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) na leitura de crianças do 2° ao 7° anos do Ensino Fundamental. Participaram 70 crianças, divididas em dois grupos: TDAH e controle. Foram aplicadas tarefas de habilidade fonológica (consciência fonológica e memória de trabalho fonológica), nomeação seriada rápida, vocabulário, QI, atenção, flexibilidade cognitiva e leitura (precisão, fluência e compreensão). Análises de regressão linear múltipla indicaram que, ao controlar idade e QI, a nomeação seriada rápida e a consciência fonológica contribuíram fortemente para precisão, fluência e compreensão de leitura; o TDAH influenciou somente na compreensão. O TDAH parece influenciar negativamente na compreensão de leitura, visto que os componentes da função executiva, monitoramento, planejamento e inibição de resposta, provavelmente, interferem na compreensão.
The study investigated the influence of cognitive variables and the influence of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on reading. Seventy children from second to 7th grade took part in this study. These children were divided into two groups: ADHD and control. Tasks of phonological ability (phonological awareness and phonological work memory), rapid automatized naming, vocabulary, IQ, attention, cognitive flexibility and reading (accuracy, fluency and comprehension) were applied. Multiple linear regression analyzes indicated that, when controlling for age, IQ and ADHD, rapid automatized naming and phonological awareness strongly contributed to reading accuracy, reading fluency and reading comprehension. ADHD was negatively related to reading comprehension, probably because components of executive function as monitoring, planning, and response inhibition are likely to be important for comprehension.
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Tran, Dinh Trong. "Analyse rapide et robuste des solutions GPS pour la tectonique." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868030.
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Le Global Positioning System (GPS) a de nombreuses applications scientifiques. En géophysique de précision, il est utilisé pour déterminer les mouvements des plaques tectoniques, quantifier la déformation aux frontières des plaques ou dans le domaine intraplaque, ou bien détecter les signaux transitoires associés au cycle sismique. Aujourd'hui, la surface du globe est recouverte de milliers de stations GPS permanentes permettant de générer les séries temporelles de coordonnées de stations GPS et de suivre en continu les mouvements de l'écorce terrestre. Mon travail de thèse se situe dans le contexte du développement de grands réseaux GPS et GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) permanents. Par exemple, le réseau GEONET (GNSS Earth Observation Network System) du Japon comprend plus de 1000 stations, le réseau du Plate Boundary Observatory comprend lui aussi environ 1200 stations dans l'ouest des États Unis. A une échelle plus locale, les réseaux permanents en Europe possèdent environ 300 stations, et celui de Taïwan, plus de 400 stations. Des nombreuses difficultés se posent en pratique pour réaliser des séries temporelles précises et analyser les solutions de ces grands réseaux GPS permanents. Une première difficulté réside dans l'expression des solutions journalières dans un repère précis et stable dans le temps. Le grand nombre de points et la longueur des séries temporelles maintenant disponibles rendent les calculs lourds en temps. Des erreurs dans les solutions journalières ou dans la solution de référence peuvent biaiser l'estimation des paramètres de la transformation et dégrader la précision des séries temporelles obtenues. A l'étape de l'analyse des séries temporelles, on rencontre fréquemment plusieurs problèmes causés soit par des causes artificielles ou des mouvements géophysiques parfois complexes. La détection de ces problèmes et leur résolution dans les séries temporelles GPS de plus d'une décennie d'observation par une approche manuelle n'est plus possible et des algorithmes d'analyse automatique doivent être développés. L'objet de ma thèse est de déterminer des approches, des méthodes et des algorithmes robustes permettant (1) la réalisation rapide et précises de séries temporelles de position (2) l'identification rapide des problèmes présents dans les séries temporelles GPS (3) la résolution automatique des problèmes les plus courants (4) la manipulation facile des séries temporelles pour extraire les paramètres utiles aux analyses géophysiques. Dans ce travail, je présente tout d'abord une approche basée sur la norme L1 pour estimer les paramètres de transformations des solutions libres vers une solution de référence. Ensuite, je présenterai différents algorithmes de recherches automatiques d'erreurs et de détection, estimation, corrections des sauts. Enfin, je montrerai comment ces algorithmes peuvent être utilisés dans un modèle général des séries temporelles pour obtenir une analyse automatique et par exemple, extraire les paramètres des déformations co- et post-sismiques. Les essais méthodologiques ont été en premier lieu testés sur le réseau national GPS permanent français RENAG et une solution combinée des réseaux GPS de Taïwan. Ces deux applications permettent d'évaluer la capacité des méthodes développées à obtenir des vitesses précises et modéliser des mouvements complexes liées au cycle sismique.
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Dambacher, Michael, and Reinhold Kliegl. "Synchronizing timelines: Relations between fixation durations and N400 amplitudes during sentence reading." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5721/.
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We examined relations between eye movements (single-fixation durations) and RSVP-based event-related potentials (ERPs; N400’s) recorded during reading the same sentences in two independent experiments. Longer fixation durations correlated with larger N400 amplitudes. Word frequency and predictability of the fixated word as well as the predictability of the upcoming word accounted for this covariance in a path-analytic model. Moreover, larger N400 amplitudes entailed longer fixation durations on the next word, a relation accounted for by word frequency. This pattern offers a neurophysiological correlate for the lag-word frequency effect on fixation durations: Word processing is reliably expressed not only in fixation durations on currently fixated words, but also in those on subsequently fixated words.
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Cunha, Natália. "Conhecimento do nome das letras e nomeação seriada rápida: precisão de classificação de risco/não risco de dificuldade de leitura." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3867.
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Estudos realizados ao longo dos anos evidenciam a superioridade da abordagem preventiva, comparada à abordagem remediativa, para a promoção do desenvolvimento da leitura. Dentro desse cenário, o rastreamento da presença de risco/não risco de dificuldade de leitura assume um papel preponderante. O presente estudo teve como objetivos principais avaliar a fidedignidade e a precisão de classificação do risco/não risco de dificuldade de leitura de medidas que, consistentemente, se destacam como preditoras do desenvolvimento dessa habilidade: conhecimento do nome das letras (CNL) e nomeação seriada rápida (NSR). Foi objetivo do presente estudo, também, verificar se uma versão reduzida da tarefa de CNL teria uma precisão de classificação do risco de dificuldade de leitura similar à da versão completa. Para tanto, o estudo foi realizado com 213 crianças. As crianças realizaram as tarefas de NSR e de CNL quando se encontravam no último ano da educação infantil e a de leitura quando se encontravam no 1º ano do ensino fundamental. De uma forma geral, os resultados atestaram a boa fidedignidade das medidas (CNL 26 = 0,95; CNL 15 = 0,93; NSR de objetos: r = 0,71, p < 0,001; NSR de cores: r = 0,88, p < 0,001; NSR de números: r = 0,89, p < 0,001; NSR de letras: r = 0,82, p < 0,001), bem como evidenciaram que as mesmas podem ser usadas para rastrear a presença de risco/não risco de dificuldade de leitura.
Studies conducted over the years have shown the superiority of the preventive approach, compared to the remediative approach, for the promotion of reading development. In this scenario, screening at risk / no risk reading difficulty assumes a leading role. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and the classification accuracy of the risk / no risk for reading measures that consistently stand out as predictors of the development of this ability: letter name knowledge (LNK) and rapid automatized naming (RAN). Another aim of this study was to check whether a reduced version of the LNK measure could have a similar accuracy rather than a full version in a classification of reading difficulty risk. Therefore, this study tested 213 children. They performed the RAN and LNK measures during the last year of kindergarten and the reading task in the first grade of elementary school. In general, the results confirmed a good reliability of the measures (LNK 26 = 0,95; LNK 15 = 0,93; RAN objects: r = 0,71, p < 0,001; RAN colors: r = 0,88, p < 0,001; RAN numbers: r = 0,89, p < 0,001; RAN letters: r = 0,82, p < 0,001) and showed that they can be used for screening at risk / no risk reading difficulty.
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Vest, Ambroise. "Stabilisation rapide et observation en plusieurs instants de systèmes oscillants." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864407.
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Ce travail est constitué de deux parties indépendantes traitant chacune d'un problème issu de la théorie du contrôle des équations aux dérivées partielles. La première partie est consacrée à l'étude d'un feedback explicite et déjà connu, s'appliquant à des systèmes linéaires, réversibles en temps et éventuellement munis d'un opérateur de contrôle non-borné. On justifie le caractère bien posé du problème en boucle fermée via la théorie des semi-groupes puis on étudie le taux de décroissance des solutions du système régulé. La seconde partie concerne un problème d'observation pour la corde vibrante : on détermine comment choisir des instants d'observation pour que la position de la corde à ces instants permette de retrouver les conditions initiales tout en préservant une certaine régularité. La méthode, qui repose sur des résultats d'approximation diophantienne, est ensuite étendue à d'autres systèmes. En utilisant une méthode de dualité on démontre aussi un résultat de contrôlabilité exacte.
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Rintala, Jonathan, and Erik Skogetun. "Designing a Mobile User Interface for Crowdsourced Verification of Datasets." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239035.
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During the last decade machine learning has spread rapidly in computer science and beyond, and a central issue for machine learning is data quality. This study was carried out in the intersection of business and Human-Computer Interaction, examining how an interface may be developed for crowdsourced verification of datasets.The interface is developed for efficiency and enjoyability through research on areas such as usability, information presentation models and gamification. The interface was developed iteratively, drawing from needs of potential users as well as the machine learning industry. More specifically, the process involved a literature study, expert interviews, a user survey on the Kenyan market and user tests. The study was divided into a conceptual phase and a design phase, each constituting a clearly bounded part of the study with a prototype being developed in each stage. The results of this study give an interesting insight on what usability factors are important when designing a practical tool-type mobile application, while balancing efficiency and enjoyability. The resulting novel interface indicated on a more effective performance than a conventional grid layout and is more enjoyable to use according to the users. In addition, the ‘rapid serial visual presentation’ can be deemed a well-functioning model for tool-type mobile applications which require a high amount of binary decisions on short time. The study highlights the importance of iterative, user-driven processes, allowing a new innovation or idea to merge with the needs and skills of users. The results may be of interest to anyone developing tool-type mobile applications and certainly if binary decision making on images is central.Studien implementerar en utvecklingsprocess inspirerad av design thinking metodologi, och undersöker således gränslandet mellan ekonomi och människa-dator interaktion. Initialt undersöks affärsmöjligheter för mobila crowdsourcing applikationer i en Östafrikansk kontext, och baserat på resultaten av denna förstudie, utvecklas ett interface för mobil crowdsourcing. Interfacet ämnar hantera verifikation av bildbaserade dataset genom att samla in beslut från användarna. Målet var att designa för två huvudkriterier - njutbarhet och effektivitet, vilket uppnåddes genom efterforskning inom användbarhet, speed-reading metodologier och gamificationprinciper. Interfacet utvecklades iterativt, baserat på krav från potentiella användare, såväl som input från maskininlärningsindustrin. Mer specifikt involverade processen en litteraturstudie, expertintervjuer, en användarstudie på den Kenyanska marknaden och iterativa användartester. Den konceptuella fasen handlade om att identifiera problemet och leverera en relevant idé av hur lösningen skulle utformas. Således togs ett novellt ”Touch-Hold-Release”- interface fram. Resultaten av denna studie ger en intressant insikt i vilka usabilityfaktorer som är viktiga vid design av en praktisk arbetsinriktad applikation, samtidigt som effektivitet och njutbarhet balanseras. Det novella interfacet som tagits fram indikerar på en mer effektiv prestanda än den konventionella grid-layouten och är mer njutbar att använda enligt användarna. Dessutom kan ‘rapid serial visual presentation’ anses vara ett väl fungerande modell för arbetsinriktade mobilapplikationer som kräver stora mängder binära beslut på kort tid. Studien understryker vikten av att arbeta iterativt, med användarfokuserade processer som tillåter nya innovationer och idéer att möta användarnas faktiska behov och kunskaper. Resultaten kan vara av intresse för den som utvecklar en arbetsinriktad mobilapplikation och särskilt då binärt beslutsfattande är fundamentalt.
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Bao, Zhe. "Biotic Interaction of Invasive, Early-Succession Trees and Their Effects on Community Diversity: a Multi-Scale Study Using the Exotic Invasive Ailanthus altissima and the Native Robinia pseudoacacia in the Mid-Appalachian Forest of Eastern United States." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73303.
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Invasive plants can displace native species, deteriorate native forest, and change plant communities and ecosystem functions. Native plant populations are fundamentally impacted by invasive species because of the interactions between invasive species and native plants. This study focuses on understanding the extent, mechanisms and consequences of interaction between a non-indigenous invader Ailanthus altissima and its functionally similar native species Robinia pseudoacacia in the Mid-Appalachian region, from an individual scale to a regional scale. These two subject species are common and coexist in early-successional eastern deciduous forest. The interactions between these two common species are important to community structure and canopy tree regeneration.
To address the type and extent of interactions of these two species, a greenhouse experiment utilizing various species proportions, nutrient levels and seed sources was performed. In addition, a common-garden experiment with various species densities and proportions over three consecutive growing seasons was performed in a more natural condition than that of the greenhouse experiment. We found at the seedling stage, the dominant interaction was competition, and R. pseudoacacia was the winner both above- and belowground. The allelopathic compounds of A. altissima may have inhibited nodulation of R. pseudoacacia. Ailanthus altissima seedlings from its native region had slightly stronger competitive abilities compared with the seedlings from its invaded range. In the common garden experiment, R. pseudoacacia plants grew quicker than A. altissima, but A. altissima inhibited the growth of R. pseudoacacia by interspecific competition. The negative impact of A. altissima on R. pseudoacacia became larger as time progressed.
To assess the community-level consequences of the two species, we conducted a forest mapping and a complete target-tree-based forest survey, and analyzed regional-scale data from the Forest Inventory Analysis Data Base. The two target species were significantly associated with themselves and with each other. Community species composition and diversity were significantly different across sites. A negative impact of both species on the understory community diversity and tree regeneration at the neighborhood scale was detected; while at a regional level, tree diversity in the FIA plots with either A. altissima or R. pseudoacacia was higher than the reference plots.Ph. D.
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Schuh, ?nderson Rodrigo. "Interface c?rebro-computador h?brida e colaborativa no processo de tomada de decis?o." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7711.
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Brain-Machine Interface (BCI) or Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a computer system capable of establishing communication between human neurophysiological activity and a computer. A hybrid BCI (hBCI) consists of a combination of two or more types of BCIs, two or more signal acquisition techniques, or a combination of BCI with other non-BCI based interaction techniques. A Collaborative BCI (cBCI) integrates the brain activity of a group of individuals, mainly acting in the increase of the human capacity. Low-cost electroencephalogram (EEG) equipment is currently available in the market, one of which is the Emotiv EEG, which is portable, has 14 electrodes, and in addition to registering the neurophysiological signals, it processes and makes available them in the form of neural measurements, such as levels of attention and excitement. In addition to neural measures, other measures may reveal an individual's behavior, such as the speed with which he responds to a challenge, which may suggest how confident he is about this decision-making. This work has as main objective "To verify if neural and behavioral measures have relation with the right and wrong decision making". Initially, a systematic review of the literature was carried out. Afterwards, a data collection system and a decision-making task based on Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) were developed. The experiment consisted of 10 participants, in which each one performed 112 tests, recording the neural measurements taken by Emotiv EEG, besides the Reaction Time (RT) as a behavioral measure and the response given by the user, both collected by a conventional keyboard. Statistical techniques, such as descriptive analysis, including data summarization and boxplot charts, and multivariate analysis were used for the data analysis, using logistic regression to estimate the relationship between neural and behavioral measures with the decisions made. The proposed task proved to be efficient, revealing in the results that the difficulty was effective. The developed database proved to be efficient in synchronizing the task data and the recorded measurements. After different approaches of statistical analysis of the data, a regression model that could explain with high explanatory power the data sampled was not found. Thus, based on the experiment performed and statistical analyzes, no relationship was found between neural and behavioral measures and the correct or wrong decision-making.
Interface C?rebro-M?quina (ICM) ou Interface C?rebro-Computador (ICC) ? um sistema computacional capaz de estabelecer a comunica??o entre a atividade neurofisiol?gica humana e um computador. Uma ICC h?brida (ICCh) consiste na combina??o de dois ou mais tipos de ICC, duas ou mais t?cnicas de aquisi??o de sinal, ou, ainda, da combina??o de uma ICC com outras t?cnicas de intera??o n?o baseadas em ICC. Uma ICC Colaborativa (ICCc) integra a atividade cerebral de um grupo de indiv?duos, atuando, principalmente, no aumento da capacidade humana. Atualmente, no mercado, est?o dispon?veis equipamentos de Eletroencefalograma (EEG) de baixo custo, sendo um desses o Emotiv EEG, que ? port?til, possui 14 eletrodos, e, al?m e registrar os sinais neurofisiol?gicos, os processa e disponibiliza em forma de medidas neurais, como, por exemplo, n?veis de aten??o e excitamento. Al?m de medidas neurais, outras medidas podem revelar o comportamento de um indiv?duo, como, por exemplo, a velocidade com que responde um desafio, que pode sugerir o qu?o confiante ele est? sobre esta tomada de decis?o. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo ?Verificar se medidas neurais e comportamentais possuem rela??o com as tomadas de decis?o corretas e erradas?. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma revis?o sistem?tica da literatura. Ap?s, foram desenvolvidos um sistema de coleta de dados e uma tarefa de tomada de decis?o baseada em Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP). O experimento contou com 10 participantes, no qual cada um executou 112 ensaios, sendo registradas as medidas neurais captadas pelo Emotiv EEG, al?m do Tempo de Rea??o (RT) como medida comportamental e, a resposta dada pelo usu?rio, ambas coletadas por um teclado convencional. Para a an?lise dos dados, foram aplicadas t?cnicas de estat?stica, tais como an?lise descritiva, incluindo sumariza??o dos dados e gr?ficos de boxplots, e an?lise multivariada, utilizando regress?o log?stica para estimar a rela??o entre medidas neurais e comportamentais com as decis?es tomadas. A tarefa proposta mostrou-se eficiente, revelando nos resultados que a dificuldade empregada se mostrou efetiva. O banco de dados desenvolvido mostrou-se eficiente na sincroniza??o dos dados da tarefa e as medidas registradas. Ap?s diferentes abordagens de an?lise estat?stica dos dados, n?o foi encontrado um modelo de regress?o que pudesse explicar com alto poder explicativo os dados amostrados. Desta maneira, baseado no experimento realizado e nas an?lises estat?sticas, n?o foram encontradas rela??es entre medidas neurais e comportamentais e as tomadas de decis?o corretas ou erradas.
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Marsden, Claire. "Bilans carbonés et hydriques de plantations à croissance rapide d'Eucalyptus : modélisation et extrapolation spatiale de la parcelle à la région." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10084/document.
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Dans de nombreuses régions tropicales dont certaines zones du Brésil, les plantations industrielles d'Eucalyptus connaissent une expansion rapide. L'impact environnemental et la durabilité de ces plantations soulèvent de nombreuses questions, notamment en termes d'évolution du bilan carboné et de la fertilité des sols, et d'impact sur les ressources en eau. Cette thèse contribue à apporter des réponses à ces questions, en étudiant les bilans de carbone, d'eau et d'azote des plantations d'Eucalyptus de l'état de São Paulo. L'approche privilégiée est celle de la modélisation écophysiologique, et l'échelle visée in fine est celle de grandes plantations. Cette thèse présente une première approche empirique d'estimation spatialisée de la production des plantations, basée sur la construction et l'interprétation de séries temporelles d'indice de végétation du satellite MODIS sur un ensemble de parcelles d'âge et de productivité contrastés. Ensuite une approche plus complète de modélisation écophysiologique est développée, basée sur le modèle C-H2O-N « G'DAY » qui a été adapté au cas des plantations brésiliennes. La simulation par le modèle des flux de C, H2O et N sur l'ensemble de parcelles évoqué précédemment, à l'échelle de la rotation, a été réalisée avec et sans la contribution de données d'indice foliaire, obtenues à partir des séries temporelles de réflectance MODIS. Ces séries temporelles de données satellitaires sont riches en informations sur la variabilité spatio-temporelle de la productivité, qui est bien reproduite par le modèle écophysiologique proposéIndustrial Eucalyptus plantations are expanding rapidly in many tropical regions, and in particular in south-eastern Brazil. Their sustainability and environmental impact are an issue of concern, and questions have been raised regarding their carbon balance and effects on soil fertility and water ressources. This thesis addresses some of these questions, by studying the carbon, water and nitrogen balance of Eucalyptus plantations in São Paulo State.A process-based modelling approach was adopted, with the ultimate aim of application at the scale of large plantations. A first empirical approach was developed to estimate wood production on a spatial basis, involving the construction and interpretation of MODIS vegetation index time series on a set of Eucalyptus stands of contrasted age and productivity levels. The complete ecophysiological C-H2O-N cycling model "G'DAY" was then adapted for Brazilian plantations. Rotation-length simulations of C, H2O and N fluxes were carried out on the afore-mentioned set of plantation stands, either with or without the integration of leaf area index data obtained from MODIS reflectance time-series. The satellite time series carry useful information about the spatio-temporal variability of productivity, which is also well reproduced by the proposed ecophysiological model
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Sandron, Marco. "Mils - Stampante per la creazione di PCB (printed circuit board) con polimero." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19757/.
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Nella mia carriera universitaria mi sono imbattuto in progetti che necessitavano di un circuito elettronico che in alcuni casi costituiva una parte fondamentale e che veniva valutata. Per la realizzazione di questi circuiti è stata utilizzata l’elettronica open source, di conseguenza è stato necessario collegare tra di loro varie schede e anche alcuni componenti. Questi collegamenti non potevano essere eseguiti solo con semplici cavi elettrici ma necessitavano si supporti fisici anche per posizionare in modo ordinato i componenti e sono state utilizzate perciò basette millefori.
I collegamenti eseguiti con cavi elettrici occupano spazio e rendono difficoltose le riparazioni in caso di guasto o mal funzionamento inoltre la qualità finale del circuito creato con le basette millefori sono una problematica nel realizzare circuiti per una piccola serie. Ho voluto quindi trovare una soluzione per questo, pensando a qualcosa di economico, rapido e facile da utilizzare, con una certa qualità del prodotto finale.
Nella fase di ricerca ho notato che questa problematica è presente anche all’interno dei FabLab, dove la prototipazione, la personalizzazione e la piccola serie sono questioni fondamentali. Qui le tecnologie non sono poche (pantografo CNC, la stampante 3D e taglio laser) e quindi ho cercato di capire se la soluzione per risolvere il problema potesse essere già presente o derivare da quelle presenti, ponendomi in un’ottica di riciclo e riutilizzo a fine vita del circuito e dei sui componenti. La soluzione finale ne riprende la tecnologia base, le forme e i componenti fisici ed elettronici e utilizza una tipologia di materiale per la costruzione dei collegamenti tra i vari componenti elettronici, che è presente e utilizzato ampiamente all’interno dei FabLab, in varie tipologie e con varie caratteristiche. Questa può condurre corrente solo se opportunamente trattato, perché naturalmente ha l’effetto opposto cioè quello di isolare, si tratta del filamento di polimero.
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Quirín, Maria Abigail Aguilar. "Engajamento escolar e preditores cognitivos da leitura: um estudo longitudinal." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1843.
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O presente estudo investigou a relação dos preditores cognitivos da leitura e do engajamento escolar com a habilidade de leitura. Participaram dessa pesquisa um total de 74 crianças matriculadas, inicialmente, no 4o ano do Ensino Fundamental (EF), as quais foram avaliadas uma segunda vez após os dois meses iniciais do 5º ano do EF, sendo 53 crianças de escolas municipais e 21 crianças de uma escola estadual. Avaliou-se a consciência morfológica, consciência fonológica, memória de trabalho fonológica, nomeação seriada rápida, inteligência, engajamento escolar e a leitura (precisão, fluência e compreensão) nos alunos participantes. Os resultados evidenciaram que as habilidades de precisão e compreensão de leitura contribuem de forma positiva para a consciência fonológica. Também se identificou uma contribuição da memória de trabalho fonológica para a fluência de leitura. Além disso, a nomeação seriada rápida contribui positivamente para a compreensão de leitura e em relação ao engajamento escolar, identificou-se uma contribuição positiva do engajamento comportamental para a habilidade de compreensão de leitura.
The present study investigated the relation between cognitive predictors of reading and school engagement with reading skills. Seventy-four children from Brazilian public schools took part on this study. They were initially evaluated when coursing 4th grade and were evaluated a second time while coursing the second month of 5th grade. They were evaluated on morphological awareness, phonological awareness, phonological working memory, rapid automatized naming, student engagement and reading skills (precision, fluency, and comprehension). Results showed that both accuracy and reading comprehension positively contribute to phonological awareness. In addition, it was possible to identify a contribution of the phonological working memory to the reading fluency. Besides that, the study revealed that rapid automatized naming positively contributes to reading comprehension. In regards to student engagement, the study identified a positive contribution of behavioral engagement to reading comprehension.
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Kelly, Lauren. "The effects of anxiety on visual attention for emotive stimuli in primary school children." Thesis, University of Derby, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/332742.
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Anxiety can be advantageous in terms of survival and well-being, yet atypically high levels may be maladaptive and result in the clinical diagnosis of an anxiety disorder. Several risk factors have been implicated in the manifestation of clinical anxiety, including cognitive biases. In recent years, a plethora of research has emerged demonstrating that anxious adults exhibit biases of attention for threatening stimuli, especially that which is biologically relevant (e.g., facial expressions). Specific components of attentional bias have also been identified, namely facilitated engagement, impaired disengagement, and avoidance. However, the majority of studies have focused on the spatial domain of attention. Furthermore, the area is under-researched in children, despite research demonstrating that symptoms relating to clinical and non-clinical anxiety follow a stable course from childhood through to adolescence and adulthood. Consequently, the aim of this thesis was to investigate how anxiety affects children’s visual attention for emotive, particularly angry, faces. In order to provide a more comprehensive understanding, the current research involved examining the role of temporal and spatial attention utilising rapid serial visual presentation with the attentional blink, and the visual probe paradigm, respectively. The main hypothesis was that high state and/or trait anxiety would be associated with an attentional bias for angry, relative to positive or neutral faces in both the temporal and spatial domains. In relation to the temporal domain, key findings demonstrated that high levels of trait anxiety were associated with facilitated engagement towards both angry and neutral faces. It was further found that all children rapidly disengaged attention away from angry faces. Findings related to the processing of angry faces accorded with the main hypothesis stated in this thesis, as well as research and theory in the area. The finding that anxious children preferentially processed neutral faces in an attentional blink investigation was unexpected. This was argued to potentially reflect this stimulus type being interpreted as threatening. Key findings regarding the spatial domain were that high trait anxious children displayed an early covert bias of attention away from happy faces and a later, overt bias of attention away from angry faces. The finding that high trait anxiety was linked to an attentional bias away from happy faces in a visual probe task was also unexpected. This was argued to potentially reflect smiling faces being interpreted as signifying social dominance, thus resulting in the viewer experiencing feelings of subordination and becoming avoidant and/or submissive. To conclude, this thesis has enhanced current knowledge of attentional bias in both the temporal and spatial domains for emotive stimuli in anxious children. It has demonstrated that higher levels of trait anxiety moderate children’s allocation of attentional resources to different stimulus types, whether these are threatening, positive, or neutral. This has important implications for evaluating past research in adults and children, and for further developing theoretical models of attentional bias and anxiety. It also offers important clinical implications, since attending towards or away from specific stimuli may affect the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Recently, a treatment that aims to modify attentional bias in anxious individuals has begun to be developed. In light of the present findings, it may be necessary to review this treatment so that anxious children are re-trained in the specific biases of attention demonstrated here.
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Doan, Van Tu. "Modèles réduits pour des analyses paramètriques du flambement de structures : application à la fabrication additive." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0017/document.
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Le développement de la fabrication additive permet d'élaborer des pièces de forme extrêmement complexes, en particulier des structures alvéolaires ou "lattices", où l'allégement est recherché. Toutefois, cette technologie, en très forte croissance dans de nombreux secteurs d'activités, n'est pas encore totalement mature, ce qui ne facilite pas les corrélations entre les mesures expérimentales et les simulations déterministes. Afin de prendre en compte les variations de comportement, les approches multiparamétriques sont, de nos jours, des solutions pour tendre vers des conceptions fiables et robustes. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'intégrer des incertitudes matérielles et géométriques, quantifiées expérimentalement, dans des analyses de flambement. Pour y parvenir, nous avons, dans un premier temps, évalué différentes méthodes de substitution, basées sur des régressions et corrélations, et différentes réductions de modèles afin de réduire les temps de calcul prohibitifs. Les projections utilisent des modes issus soit de la décomposition orthogonale aux valeurs propres, soit de développements homotopiques ou encore des développements de Taylor. Dans un second temps, le modèle mathématique, ainsi créé, est exploité dans des analyses ensemblistes et probabilistes pour estimer les évolutions de la charge critique de flambement de structures latticesThe development of additive manufacturing allows structures with highly complex shapes to be produced. Complex lattice shapes are particularly interesting in the context of lightweight structures. However, although the use of this technology is growing in numerous engineering domains, this one is not enough matured and the correlations between the experimental data and deterministic simulations are not obvious. To take into account observed variations of behavior, multiparametric approaches are nowadays efficient solutions to tend to robust and reliable designs. The aim of this thesis is to integrate material and geometric uncertainty, experimentally quantified, in buckling analyses. To achieve this objective, different surrogate models, based on regression and correlation techniques as well as different reduced order models have been first evaluated to reduce the prohibitive computational time. The selected projections rely on modes calculated either from Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, from homotopy developments or from Taylor series expansion. Second, the proposed mathematical model is integrated in fuzzy and probabilistic analyses to estimate the evolution of the critical buckling load for lattice structures
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Le, Goïc Maëva. "Etude du contrôle postural chez l'homme : analyse des facteurs neurophysiologiques, biomécaniques et cognitifs, impliqués dans les 500 premières millisecondes d'une chute." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002633.
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La chute chez les seniors constitue un problème de santé publique. Citée comme la seconde cause de décès accidentel dans le monde, elle concerne un tiers des Français de plus de 65 ans. Les séquelles physiques et fonctionnelles qui en résultent, les conséquences psychosociales nuisibles pour la qualité de la vie, la perte d'autonomie et son coût de prise en charge justifient l'attention qui lui est actuellement portée. Du point de vue du chercheur, les interprétations sous-jacentes à la surexposition des personnes âgées au risque de chute restent controversées, notamment parce que la compréhension de la coordination dynamique corporelle et de l'implication corticale lors du contrôle de l'équilibre est encore limitée. L'étude de la chute et des mécanismes qui y conduisent présente donc un double intérêt, fondamental et sociétal. Une chute survient si deux conditions sont réunies. La première est la perte initiale de l'équilibre, un 'pré-requis' qui peut toucher la population entière dans son quotidien. La seconde est un échec des mécanismes de rééquilibration, c'est à dire de la stratégie de réponse mise en œuvre pour compenser la déstabilisation : comment s'opère la sélection d'une stratégie de rattrapage, à partir de quelle appréciation du contexte et des informations sensorielles disponibles est-elle choisie ? qu'est ce qui assure son opérationnalité et garantit le rattrapage ou signe au contraire son échec ?...Pour répondre à ces questions, nous nous sommes donc intéressés à ce moment critique où il est encore possible de modifier l'issue finale par des ajustements posturaux et des actions motrices rapides et adéquats chez une population de jeunes adultes. La première étude est une analyse globale de la phase précoce d'une chute -abrégée par un harnais- (soit quelques centaines de millisecondes après la perturbation), afin d'évaluer la capacité du sujet à réagir à une perturbation imprévue et de développer des stratégies garantissant une protection efficace. Cette première étape se propose d'identifier les indicateurs discriminants et prédictifs d'une chute et d'un rattrapage au niveau neurophysiologique et biomécanique. Cette étude a également permis de mettre en évidence la présence d'un délai temporel incompressible appelé " phase passive ", source de contraintes spatio-temporelles à l'expression complète d'une réponse posturale adaptée. Dans la seconde étude, de modélisation, nous avons élaboré un modèle mécanique personnalisé, construit à partir de radiographies tridimensionnelles non invasives du corps entier. Cette modélisation nous a permis d'analyser la contribution relative de propriétés biomécaniques passives et des synergies musculaires actives en jeu pendant les perturbations récupérables de l'équilibre ou non en comparant les résultats expérimentaux ('réels') obtenus à l'aide d'un dispositif asservi pour provoquer des chutes de plain-pied et la réponse théorique prédite ('simulée') à l'aide du modèle. Les résultats obtenus permettent de confirmer que le comportement du corps est en phase précoce-dicté par ses propriétés mécaniques, et peut être assimilé à un modèle simplifié. Après avoir mis en évidence l'existence d'une phase inertielle d'une durée équivalente à la moitié du temps disponible avant l'impact, notre questionnement s'est orienté vers le traitement de l'information en-cours lors de cette phase afin d'évaluer la contribution corticale alors que la réponse posturale évolue. La troisième étude consiste principalement à appréhender la charge cognitive impliquée dans le contrôle sensori-moteur, en particulier lors d'une chute, à l'aide du paradigme de double-tâche. En conclusion, à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire, les résultats obtenus dans cette thèse permettent d'émettre des recommandations intéressantes pour une prévention et une rééducation adaptée dans le but de contribuer à l'amélioration de la qualité de vie des personnes âgées.
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Lin, Darcy, and 林達羲. "Usability Evaluation of Dynamic Rapid Serial Visual Presentation on E-Bookstores." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80153866728207673803.
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碩士東海大學
統計學系
97
With the popularity of Web, it is much important to search useful information in a huge number of data stream. To find an optimal user interface, we focused on the design factors to investigate the user-centered RSVP interface on E-bookstore. In the subjective preference evaluation, the results indicate that the shelf display moving to upper right hand side along a linear trajectory and decreasing in size gradually, moving speed of 20-30 frames per second (FPS), and exposure time of 6.67-10 seconds are preferable. The carousel mode following clockwise trajectory to the opposite side, moving speed of 10-15FPS, and exposure time of 13.33-20 seconds are preferable. “Meets user experience”, “aesthetic and simple design”, “simple operation”, and “easy to learn” all meet the criteria of usability evaluation. The design of orthogonal array is to collect the visual performance and visual fatigue. Factors of experiment are RSVP (carousel, convention and shelf mode), moving speed (15 FPS, 30 FPS and 45 FPS), moving direction (right-hand side oriented, left-hand side oriented and fixed position at the same time) and maximum size of image(100%*100%, 125%*125% and 150%*150%). The results of experiment show a good performance on searching. In addition, in browsing the result of searching, the interactions of RSVP×moving speed and RSVP×image size are significant to correct recognition, and the combination of carousel mode, 15FPS, 150%150%of image size has the highest recognized correction rate, 0.99. In the visual fatigue, RSVP×moving speed and RSVP×moving direction have significant effects on the visual fatigue, and the combination of highest visual fatigue: Convention mode, 45FPS, and orient from right should be prevented. The usability proposed of Nielsen (1993) including learnability, memoribility, efficiency and user satisfaction are all satisfied, and RSVP×moving speed and RSVP×moving direction are significant on user interface satisfaction, where the largest is shelf mode with 45 FPS and illustrated 5 images at fixed position. Therefore, the RSVP interface is really can not only improve searching efficient but also satisfy user satisfaction.
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Tseng, Yao-Sheng, and 曾耀陞. "Applying Rapid Serial Chips to Enhancing Peripheral Control Performance of Instructional Experiment Platform." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23955s.
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碩士崑山科技大學
電子工程研究所
101
Teaching aids aims to assist college instructions in being professional so that the students could master the specialty, understand the industrial demands and enhance the employment opportunities in the future. Nevertheless, teaching aid enterprises in Taiwan have been threatened by the technology and talents in Mainland China that a lot of teaching aid enterprises give up developing teaching equipment but become the agents of other countries. As the demands for local education gradually lose the interaction, it becomes a pity on talent cultivation and employment opportunities in Taiwan. Some teaching aids actually need to be replaced in order to enhance the use of teaching equipment for the progress of modern technology. Because of the time change, the rapid development of computer technology, and the quick updating of window systems, general serial and parallel of computer-controlled peripheral industries are gradually replaced by USB. For this reason, a USB controller is proposed to plan an interface with five sets of digital input/output, design a human-machine interface suitable for teaching through graphic languages at the computer end, and precede peripheral control with USB transmission to acquire and control data with computers. Moreover, the transmission speed of USB and old-style interface Printer Port and the ADC sampling and DAC conversion speed between new- and old-interface teaching platforms are discussed, and the distortion of signal input/output is evaluated for a better teaching aid and curriculum to properly improve current teaching aids for course plan and the shortages of technology.
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MacDonald, Heidi H. "Incremental validity of kindergarten cognitive ability, phonemic awareness, letter knowledge, and rapid serial naming on later reading achievement." 2006. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1370/index.html.
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