Academic literature on the topic 'Serous fluids'
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Journal articles on the topic "Serous fluids"
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Gabali, Ali. "Serous fluids and hematolymphoid disorders." Cytojournal 19 (March 19, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cmas_02_12_2021.
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Diagnosing hematolymphoid neoplasm by evaluating fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology sample is controversial and requires experience and clinical skills. This concept becomes more challenging when evaluating hematolymphoid neoplasm in body fluid. Differentiating between low-grade lymphoma and reactive lymphocytes is often difficult by morphology alone as reactive lymphoid cells may acquire activation morphology from being exposed to different cytokines within the body fluid. However, in most cases there are specific features that may aid in differentiating small reactive from non-reactive lymphocytes including the round shape of the nucleus, the absence of visible nucleoli and the presence of fine clumped chromatin. In large cell lymphoma and leukemia cells involvement of body fluid this concept becomes less challenging. Large cell lymphoma and leukemia cells tend to have large size nuclei, less mature chromatin, and visible nucleoli with and without cytoplasmic vacuoles. However, to reach accurate diagnosis and subclassification, the utilizing of flow cytometry, to confirm monoclonality, and other ancillary studies such immunocytochemistry, cytogenetics and molecular studies is needed. This review article will be incorporated finally as one of the chapters in CMAS (CytoJournal Monograph/Atlas Series) #2. It is modified slightly from the chapter by the initial authors in the first edition of Diagnostic Cytopathology of Serous Fluids.
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Akash Jain, Mahendra Patil, and Kanetkar S R. "Serous effusions: A clinicopathological study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 3284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2453.
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This study is a prospective, observational study done for two years, comprising of 267 cases. Their episodes were while tapping pleural cavity, peritoneal cavity and pericardial sac, pleural, ascitic and pericardial fluids were collected. Majority of the samples received were from our hospital (98%) while 2% (5 samples) were obtained from outside. The male cases (55%) outnumbered the females (45%). And, a maximum number of instances in quinquagenarian among males and sexagenarian among females. In peritoneal fluids, females (29/30) outnumbered males. Fifty-nine (22%) samples showed the presence of clot with the majority being in pleural fluid (35/59). Few of the cases of TB showed neutrophilic (10%) or eosinophilic (2.5%) exudate instead of lymphocytic effusion. In contrast, a few cases of liver cirrhosis showed exudative effusion instead of transudative because of bacterial peritonitis. Majority cases were exudates (58.2%) excluding the peritoneal fluids, out of 71 cases of known malignancy. Out of these, 50% of the malignant effusions were nonhemorrhagic. Common microorganisms were gram-negative bacilli and grampositive cocci. There were three unusual cases in this study, viz: Eosinophilic effusion, Parasite (Ascaris) in pleural fluid and an example of a second malignancy. If the effusion is suspected for malignancy, the fluid typing of exudate or transudate may be done. Also, wet mount preparation for abnormal cells may be done before Examination of fixed smears for cancerous cells, as we did not find any transudate fluid positive for malignancy. Diagnostic effusion tapping, followed by immediate processing of fluid in a laboratory may improve cytological outcome. Malignant effusions may not be hemorrhagic in appearance. Rarely effusion may be the first manifestation of malignancy.
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Renshaw, Andrew. "Cytopathologic Diagnosis of Serous Fluids." Advances in Anatomic Pathology 15, no. 3 (May 2008): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pap.0b013e31817150ad.
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Gibson, Kathleen. "Cytopathologic Diagnosis of Serous Fluids." American Journal of Dermatopathology 30, no. 3 (June 2008): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dad.0b013e3181705322.
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Ren, Shuyue, and William Klump. "Gynecologic Serous Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Analysis of Malignant Body Fluid Specimens." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 143, no. 6 (April 24, 2018): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2017-0260-oa.
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Context.— Evaluation of fluid specimens involved by serous carcinoma might potentially include PAX8, GATA3, Uroplakin II, SOX2, and SALL4 antibodies. Those markers are commonly employed for diagnosing carcinomas of various types, including urothelial malignancies and germ cell tumors. There have been no comprehensive immunohistochemical studies, to our knowledge, for those markers on fluid specimens involved by serous carcinoma. Objective.— To evaluate immunohistochemical markers PAX8, GATA3, SOX2, uroplakin II, and SALL4 in the diagnosis of high-grade serous carcinoma in fluid specimens. Design.— We examined 113 fluids (96 ascites specimens and 17 pleural fluid specimens) that were positive for carcinoma. Most (94 cases; 83.2%) consisted of high-grade serous carcinoma of Müllerian origin. Nineteen cases of non–high-grade serous carcinoma (including one case of low-grade serous carcinoma) of gynecologic origin were also included as anecdotal data. Results.— In 113 fluid specimens with positive results for carcinoma, including nonserous types, 99 (87.6%) had positive results for PAX8, 19 (16.8%) for GATA3; 19 (16.8%) for SOX2, 23 (20.4%) for uroplakin II, and 8 (7.1%) for SALL4. Of 94 fluids (83.2%) involved with high-grade serous carcinoma, 84 (89.4%) had positive results for PAX8, 18 (19.1%) for GATA3, 17 (18.1%) for SOX2, 22 (23.4%) for uroplakin II, and 8 (8.5%) for SALL4. Some of these specimens showed reactivity for more than one immunohistochemical marker. Conclusions.— Most fluids involving high-grade serous carcinoma showed positive results for PAX8, and some cases expressed GATA3, SOX2, uroplakin II, and SALL4. Serous carcinoma in fluids may be positive for immunohistochemical markers not thought of traditionally as associated with gynecologic malignancy, an important consideration in avoiding misdiagnosis.
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Jhala, Nirag, Darshana Jhala, and Vinod B. Shidham. "Serous fluid: Reactive conditions." Cytojournal 19 (March 19, 2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cmas_02_06_2021.
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This chapter highlights the steps that would help to analyze any fluid. It highlights importance of knowing gross analysis of fluid along with biochemical information. These parameters along with clinical information are very important in arriving at a differential diagnosis. Morphologic appearances in the fluid can often become challenging and occasionally reactive conditions can reveal changes that may mimic malignancies. This chapter provides not only a framework of approach to assessment of fluid cytology but also shows how to distinguish some of the challenging reactive conditions from the diagnosis of carcinoma. The chapter also utilizes two cases to demonstrate approach to reactive conditions. This review article will be incorporated finally as one of the chapters in CMAS (CytoJournal Monograph/Atlas Series) #2. It is modified slightly from the chapter by the initial authors in the first edition of Cytopathologic Diagnosis of Serous Fluids.
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Shidham, Vinod B., and Lester J. Layfield. "Approach to Diagnostic Cytopathology of Serous Effusions." Cytojournal 18 (December 6, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/cmas_02_03_2021.
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Collection of most serous fluids from various effusions is a relatively simple procedure. Because of this, serous fluids are commonly submitted for pathologic examination including cytopathologic evaluation by various clinical institutions. As a consequence, even a general pathology laboratory which may not have expertise with highly trained cytopathologist would be confronted with serous fluids for cytologic evaluation. However, cytopathologic evaluation of serous fluids is complex as compared to evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology. This signifies the fact that all pathologists, irrespective of subspeciality cytopathology training and level of subspeciality expertise, should be conversant with the diagnostic challenges and pitfalls of effusion fluid cytology. Although, majority of effusions are due to reactive and non-neoplastic etiologies, cancer is one of the causes of an effusion as a manifestation of advanced cancer. Detecting neoplastic cells in effusion specimens in most of clinical settings is related to the advanced status of the disease, which usually is equivalent to incurable stage. Thus, interpretation of cytopathology as positive for cancer cell is highly critical in planning the trajectory of the clinical management with an obvious negative impact of false positive interpretation. Apart from cancer, effusions may be secondary to hemodynamic pathologies such as heart failure, hypoalbuminemia, cirrhosis etc. in addition to the different inflammatory conditions including parasitic infestations, bacterial, fungal, or viral infections, and other non-neoplastic etiologies including collagen diseases. Due to the cytomorphologic overlap of reactive mesothelial cells with malignant cells, general cytologic criteria for diagnosis of malignancy in single cells cannot be applied in most of the effusion specimens. This challenge is further amplified because of surface tension related phenomenon which ‘round up’ the cells after exfoliation in serous fluids. As a result, the native shapes of cancer cells cannot be a guiding feature. Thus the cytomorphologic features of cancer cells in serous fluids may not be same as seen in routine cytopathology of exfoliative, brushing, and fine-needle aspiration specimens. The cancer cells may continue to proliferate after exfoliation in the nutrient rich effusion fluids and may form proliferation spheres. It is crucial to consider these factors when interpreting effusion cytology. Amongst malignant effusions, adenocarcinomas are the most common cause of metastatic cancers, but almost any type of malignancy including melanomas, hematopoietic neoplasms, sarcomas, and mesotheliomas may involve serous cavities. The interpreter must be aware of the wide range of the cytomorphologic appearances of reactive mesothelial cells in effusion fluids. It is essential to understand these and other nuances related to effusion fluid cytology. Understanding potential pitfalls during various stages from processing to application of ancillary studies would increase the diagnostic accuracy and minimize atypical interpretations and false positivity.
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Saad, Mohammed, and Liron Pantanowitz. "Cytomorphology of Metastatic Melanoma in Serous Fluids." Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology 11, no. 6 (November 2022): S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasc.2022.07.041.
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Riches, Pamela. "Body fluids: Laboratory examination of amniotic, cerebrospinal, serous and synovial fluids." Clinica Chimica Acta 167, no. 1 (July 1987): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(87)90096-9.
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Riches, Pamela. "Body fluids: Laboratory examination of amniotic, cerebrospinal, serous and synovial fluids." Clinica Chimica Acta 166, no. 1 (June 1987): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(87)90209-9.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Serous fluids"
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Rosales, Vera Marco Antonio. "Aplicaciones de series de fourier a la resolución de problemas de capa límite con transferencia de calor y masa." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112083.
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Doctor en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención FluidodinámicaEsta tesis comprende el estudio matemático de las ecuaciones de Capa Límite mediante series de Fourier. Las ecuaciones de Capa Límite son una simplificación de las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes, el carácter elíptico de las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes es eliminado mediante una aproximación en términos del número de Reynolds, de esta forma las ecuaciones toman un carácter parabólico lo que permite resolverlas avanzando con la integración en la dirección del flujo sin necesidad de retroceder en la integración numérica, esto lleva consigo la simplificación del algoritmo de resolución y ahorro de tiempo de cálculo. Las ecuaciones de Capa Límite fueron introducidas por primera vez por L. Prandtl en 1904 y desde entonces son ocupadas extensamente por investigadores e ingenieros, debido principalmente a su simplicidad y buenos resultados que entregan, además, por su forma simplificada respecto de las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes, las ecuaciones de Capa Límite permiten obtener una visión conceptual clara de los fenómenos que son descritos mediante éstas ecuaciones. En muchos flujos de interés en ingeniería como por ejemplo: chorros, plumas, flujos en canales a superficie libre, transferencia de calor y masa en una placa plana, pueden ser aplicadas las ecuaciones de Capa Límite y estas entregan resultados que andan en muy buen acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos con las ecuaciones completas de Navier-Stokes. En este trabajo se resuelven problemas del tipo Capa Límite como los mencionados anteriormente, mediante el uso de Series de Fourier. De esta forma, se construyó un algoritmo en el cual las únicas variables de entrada sean los perfiles iniciales de velocidad, temperatura, concentración, etc. El método consiste esencialmente en transformar las ecuaciones de la capa límite en un set infinito de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias en la variable x mediante las Series de Fourier. Entonces se toma como aproximación del continuo, un número N de las ecuaciones anteriores y se resuelven por medio de los métodos estándar de resolución de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias. El número N de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias consideradas es tal que la solución no difiera de la solución con N-1 ecuaciones. Esta Tesis muestra que el método propuesto es una eficiente alternativa para el estudio de las ecuaciones de Capa Límite, donde los resultados numéricos entregados por esta metodología compiten bastante bien con los métodos clásicos establecidos como diferencias finitas el método de disparo y elementos finitos. Este trabajo dio como fruto la publicación de varios artículos en revistas especializadas en transferencia de calor y matemáticas aplicadas.
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Hayes, Morgan. "Co-Infection in HIV positive patients with retinitis: A case series of dual positive intraocular fluid polymerase chain reaction." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32719.
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Objective To report 10 cases of dual-positive intraocular fluid PCR results in infectious retinitis where both pathogens may be clinically relevant. Methods A retrospective observational case series including 10 patients with infectious retinitis who demonstrated more than 1 positive result on PCR testing over a 10-year period at a single referral centre. Results Of 619 patients who underwent intraocular fluid PCR testing for infectious retinitis, we identified 10 patients (1.62%) where 2 organisms were isolated. All 10 patients were HIV positive with profound immunosuppression (mean CD4 count 67cells/mm3) and extensive retinitis. CMV was identified in all 10 cases whilst the additional pathogen was VZV in 6 cases, Toxoplasma gondii in 3 cases and HSV in 1 case. Conclusions PCR analysis of ocular fluids is important in this clinical scenario since more than one pathogen may be present and clinically relevant. Clinicians should be aware of this rare phenomenon to ensure that, when it does occur, consideration be given to adjusting treatment to cover both organisms.
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Pereira, Cássio Martini Martins. "Agrupamento de séries temporais em fluxos contínuos de dados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-13012014-160232/.
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Recentemente, a área de mineração de fluxos contínuos de dados ganhou importância, a qual visa extrair informação útil a partir de conjuntos massivos e contínuos de dados que evoluem com o tempo. Uma das técnicas que mais se destaca nessa área e a de agrupamento de dados, a qual busca estruturar grandes volumes de dados em hierarquias ou partições, tais que objetos mais similares estejam em um mesmo grupo. Diversos algoritmos foram propostos nesse contexto, porém a maioria concentrou-se no agrupamento de fluxos compostos por pontos em um espaço multidimensional. Poucos trabalhos voltaram-se para o agrupamento de séries temporais, as quais se caracterizam por serem coleções de observações coletadas sequencialmente no tempo. Técnicas atuais para agrupamento de séries temporais em fluxos contínuos apresentam uma limitação na escolha da medida de similaridade, a qual na maioria dos casos e baseada em uma simples correlação, como a de Pearson. Este trabalho mostra que até para modelos clássicos de séries temporais, como os de Box e Jenkins, a correlação de Pearson não é capaz de detectar similaridade, apesar das séries serem provenientes de um mesmo modelo matemático e com mesma parametrização. Essa limitação nas técnicas atuais motivou este trabalho a considerar os modelos geradores de séries temporais, ou seja, as equações que regem sua geração, por meio de diversas medidas descritivas, tais como a Autoinformação Mútua, o Expoente de Hurst e várias outras. A hipótese considerada e que, por meio do uso de medidas descritivas, pode-se obter uma melhor caracterização do modelo gerador de séries temporais e, consequentemente, um agrupamento de maior qualidade. Nesse sentido, foi realizada uma avaliação de diversas medidas descritivas, as quais foram usadas como entrada para um novo algoritmo de agrupamento baseado em árvores, denominado TS-Stream. Experimentos com bases sintéticas compostas por diversos modelos de séries temporais foram realizados, mostrando a superioridade de TS-Stream sobre ODAC, a técnica mais popular para esta tarefa encontrada na literatura. Experimentos com séries reais provenientes de preços de ações da NYSE e NASDAQ mostraram que o uso de TS-Stream na escolha de ações, por meio da criação de uma carteira de investimentos diversificada, pode aumentar os retornos das aplicações em várias ordens de grandeza, se comparado a estratégias baseadas somente no indicador econômico Moving Average Convergence DivergenceRecently, the data streams mining area has gained importance, which aims to extract useful information from massive and continuous data sources that evolve over time. One of the most popular techniques in this area is clustering, which aims to structure large volumes of data into hierarchies or partitions, such that similar objects are placed in the same group. Several algorithms were proposed in this context, however most of them focused on the clustering of streams composed of multidimensional points. Few studies have focused on clustering streaming time series, which are characterized by being collections of observations sampled sequentially along time. Current techniques for clustering streaming time series have a limitation in the choice of the similarity measure, as most are based on a simple correlation, such as Pearson. This thesis shows that even for classic time series models, such as those from Box and Jenkins, the Pearson correlation is not capable of detecting similarity, despite dealing with series originating from the same mathematical model and the same parametrization. This limitation in current techniques motivated this work to consider time series generating models, i.e., generating equations, through the use of several descriptive measures, such as Auto Mutual Information, the Hurst Exponent and several others. The hypothesis is that through the use of several descriptive measures, a better characterization of time series generating models can be achieved, which in turn will lead to better clustering quality. In that context, several descriptive measures were evaluated and then used as input to a new tree-based clustering algorithm, entitled TS-Stream. Experiments were conducted with synthetic data sets composed of various time series models, confirming the superiority of TS-Stream when compared to ODAC, the most successful technique in the literature for this task. Experiments with real-world time series from stock market data of the NYSE and NASDAQ showed that the use of TS-Stream in the selection of stocks, by the creation of a diversified portfolio, can increase the returns of the investment in several orders of magnitude when compared to trading strategies solely based on the Moving Average Convergence Divergence financial indicator
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Lehto, Heather L. "Self-Potential Anomalies and CO2 Flux on Active Volcanoes: Insights from Time and Spatial Series at Masaya, Telica, and Cerro Negro, Nicaragua." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002108.
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D'Etat, Brigitte. "Etude theorique et experimentale des series spectrales emises par un plasma de laser." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066363.
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Etude des etats electroniques lies en interaction avec les champs d'un plasma dense et chaud et en particulier des spectres qui en sont issus. L'etude theorique et experimentale montre que la serie de lyman complete des ions hydrogenoides est un excellent candidat pour le diagnostic de la densite electronique et du transfert radiatif des plasmas de laser. L'analyse des spectres emis par un plasma de bore permet une etude fine des limites de serie et celle des spectres du fluor (z::(e) = 9) conduit a une etude de l'effet de densite. La serie hydrogenoide a nombre de charge convenablement choisi est un excellent candidat pour le diagnostsic des plasma de laser de densite
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Huang, Yongxiang. "ARBITRARY ORDER HILBERT SPECTRAL ANALYSIS DEFINITION AND APPLICATION TO FULLY DEVELOPED TURBULENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL TIME SERIES." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439605.
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La Décomposition Modale Empirique (Empirical Mode Decomposition - EMD) ou la Transformation de Hilbert-Huang (HHT) est une nouvelle méthode d'analyse temps-fréquence qui est particulièrement adaptée pour des séries temporelles nonlinéaires et non stationnaires. Cette méthode a été proposée par NE. HUANG. il y a plus de dix ans. Pendant les dix dernières années, plus de 1000 articles ont appliqué cette méthode dans le cadre de diverses applications ou domaines de recherche. Dans cette thèse, nous appliquons cette méthode à des séries temporelles de turbulence, pour la première fois, et à des séries temporelles environnementales. Nous avons obtenu comme résultat le fait que la méthode EMD correspond à un banc de filtre dyadique (ou quasi-dyadique) pour la turbulence pleinement développée. Pour caractériser les propriétés intermittentes d'une série temporelle invariante d'échelle, nous avons généralisé l'analyse spectrale de Hilbert-Huang classique à des moments d'ordre arbitraire $q$, pour effectuer ce que nous avons appelé ``analyse spectrale de Hilbert d'ordre arbitraire''. Ceci fournit un nouveau cadre pour analyser l'invariance d'échelle directement dans un espace amplitude-fréquence, en estimant une intégrale marginale d'une pdf jointe $p(\omega,\mathcal{A})$ de la fréquence instantanée $\omega$ et de l'amplitude $\mathcal{A}$. Nous validons tout d'abord la méthode en analysant des séries temporelles de mouvement Brownien fractionnaire, et en analysant des séries temporelles multifractales synthétiques, en tant que modèle respectivement de processus monofractals et multifractals. Nous comparons les résultats obtenus avec la nouvelle méthode, à l'analyse classique utilisant les fonctions de structure: nous trouvons numériquement que la méthodologie utilisant l'approche de Hilbert fournit un estimateur plus précis pour le paramètre d'intermittence. Avec une hypothèse de stationarité, nous proposons un modèle analytique pour la fonction d'autocorrélation des incréments de séries temporelles de vitesse $\Delta u_{\ell}(t)$, où $\Delta u_{\ell}(t)=u(t+\ell)-u(t)$, et $\ell$ est l'incrément temporel. Dans le cadre de ce modèle, nous prouvons analytiquement que, si une loi de puissance est valide pour la série d'origine, la position minimisant la fonction d'autocorrélation de la variable d'origine est égale exactement au temps de séparation $\ell$ lorsque $\ell$ appartient à la zone invariante d'échelle. Ce modèle prédit une loi de puissance pour la valeur minimum, comportement vérifié par une simulation de mouvement Brownien fractionnaire et à partir de données expérimentales de turbulence. En introduisant une fonction cumulative pour la fonction d'autocorrélation, la contribution en échelle est alors caractérisée dans l'espace de fréquence de Fourier. Nous observons que la contribution principale à la fonction d'autocorrélation provient des grandes échelles. La même idée est appliquée à la fonction de structure d'ordre 2. Nous obtenons que celle-ci est également fortement influencée par les grandes échelles, ce qui montre que ceci n'est pas une bonne approche pour extraire les exposants invariants d'échelle d'une série temporelle lorsque les données sont caractérisées par des grandes échelles énergétiques. Nous appliquons ensuite cette méthodologie Hilbert-Huang à une base de données de turbulence homogène et presque isotrope, pour caractériser les propriétés multifractales invariantes d'échelle des série temporelles de vitesse en turbulence pleinement développée. Nous obtenons un comportement invariant d'échelle pour la pdf jointe $p(\omega,\mathcal{A})$ avec un exposant proche de la valeur de Kolmogorov. Nous estimons les exposants $\zeta(q)$ dans un espace amplitude-fréquence, pour la première fois. L'hypothèse d'isotropie est testée échelle par échelle dans l'espace amplitude-fréquence. Nous obtenons que le rapport d'isotropie généralisé décroit linéairement avec le moment $q$. Nous effectuons également l'analyse d'une série temporelle de température (scalaire passif) possédant un effet de rampe marqué (ramp-cliff). Pour ces données, l'approche traditionnelle utilisant les fonctions de structure ne fonctionne pas. Mais la nouvelle méthode développée dans cette thèse fournit un net régime invariant d'échelle jusqu'au moment $q=8$. Les exposants $\xi_{\theta}(q)-1$ sont très proches des exposants $\zeta(q)$ obtenus par l'approche des fonctions de structure pour la vitesse longitudinale. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à l'auto-similarité étendue (Extended Self Similarity - ESS) dans le cadre Hilbert-Huang. En ce qui concerne la méthode ESS, qui est devenue classique en turbulence, nous adaptons l'approche pour le cas Hilbert-Huang dans un espace de fréquence, et nous constatons que le modèle lognormal, avec un coefficient adéquat, fournit une très bonne estimation des exposants invariants d'échelle. Finalement nous appliquons la nouvelle méthodologie à des données environnementales: des débits de rivières, et des données de turbulence marine dans la zone de surf. Dans ce dernier cas, la méthode ESS permet de séparer les ondes de vent de la turbulence à petite échelle.
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Bergseije, Victor. "Effects of Heat Transfer Fluid from District Heating Networks on Activated Sludge : A respirometric analysis using a dilution series to assess disruption of biological treatment processes in wastewater treatment facilities." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34038.
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District heating has a long standing tradition in Sweden and today it is the most common way of producing and transporting heat. A District heating system (DH system) is divided into three parts: a production facility, distribution network (DH network) and one more heat stations. The heat produced in the facilities is distributed to the customers via a heat transfer medium, usually water (DH water), in piping networks that make up the DH network. The heat is transferred to the customers via the heat exchanger at which point they can use it as heated tap water or for heating purposes. The DH networks are often constructed in steel as it is cheap and a relatively resistant material. However it has the disadvantages of corrosion and expansions when it is exposed high temperatures which lead to damages in the DH network resulting in loss of the DH water, this is an unavoidable occurrence in any DH network. This results in addition of pollutants by leakages into the DH network or with the water that is used to compensate for the losses. The pollutants cause further corrosion, leading to metal contamination, and more damages on the DH network meaning there is a continuous degradation. Therefore various treatments are used to clean and ascertain an acceptable chemical environment in the DH systems. These treatments are effective but not at a level which is required so many chemicals are used to enhance the treatment of the water. Some of these are known to be toxic to humans and water ecosystems. As leakages are abundant and often end up in the WWTPs of the concerned municipality, which often have troubles with disturbances of the biological treatment, it was decided that an assessment of the toxic effects that DH water pose on activated sludge was to be investigated. This was done by testing water from two DH networks, Växjö and Kalmar, on the same activated sludge obtained from Tegelviken WWTP in Kalmar. A respirometric bioassay approach established by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), OECD standard 209; OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals was used with changes made to exposure and measuring time as this decrease the risk of misinterpretation of the results. A dilution series using different concentrations (6.25%, 25% and 100%) of DH water was tested and compered to a blank control samples containing only activated sludge. Assessment of toxicity on total oxidation, oxidation carbon and oxidation of nitrogen was made. To get some idea of what might cause toxic effect samples of the waters was sent to outside laboratories for analyses of metals. The result from the bioassay and metal analysis was used to formulate risk factors associated with a DH water spill and exposure to WWTPs. It was found that both DH waters have a significant inhibition on nitrification in WWTPs. The DH water from Kalmar exhibited similar toxicity dynamics, roughly 20% inhibition, despite large differences in concentration. The DH water from Växjö showed a negative correlation between an increase in concentration of DH water and toxicity, 74% for the lowest concentration and 11% for the highest. The metal analysis concluded that there was no abundance of metal contamination which led to the inference that toxicity is probably caused by the chemicals used for treatment. This poses a great risk for the Baltic Ocean as many WWTPs release their treated water directly into water courses with a short detention time before reaching the sea.
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Ould, Khaoua Sid-Ali. "Modélisation de l'aération naturelle et du microclimat des serres en verre de grande portée sous climat tempéré océanique." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00357023.
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Le "climat" à l'intérieur d'une serre dépend de son aération. Le processus d'aération est complexe, il participe à l'essentiel des échanges de chaleur et de masse avec l'extérieur, et sa maîtrise permet donc de contrôler les paramètres physiques tels que la température, l'humidité, ou les concentrations de gaz comme le CO2 par exemple. Ce contrôle est essentiel pour maintenir les plantes dans des conditions métaboliques favorables (respiration, photosynthèse, transpiration) et dans un état sanitaire satisfaisant.La ventilation naturelle est le système le plus économique pour réguler le microclimat interne de la serre. Néanmoins, elle n'offre qu'un contrôle limité sur l'écoulement d'air dans la serre et reste difficile à maîtriser.
Cette étude contribue à l'analyse et à la modélisation des phénomènes mis en jeu dans l'aération naturelle des serres en verre, de grande portée, habituellement utilisées en culture ornementale (plantes en pots), sous climat tempéré, tel qu'en Anjou. Deux approches complémentaires incluant expérimentation in situ et modélisation mathématique du climat distribué sont mises en œuvre.
Des campagnes de mesures ont été menées à l'intérieur d'une serre de production et dans son environnement immédiat sous conditions réelles de culture ornementale. Des données météorologiques : température de l'air, vitesse et direction du vent, rayonnement solaire et atmosphérique, ont été collectées. L'ensemble de ces mesures constitue un jeu de données conséquent destiné à fournir les entrées du modèle numérique. Parallèlement à ces mesures, nous avons systématiquement procédé à des mesures du taux de renouvellement d'air qui ont été utilisées pour valider le modèle.
Un modèle numérique a été mis en œuvre. Il s'appuie sur un code de mécanique des fluides numérique (Computational Fluid Dynamics). Ce code permet de prédire les champs de vitesses et de températures à l'intérieur de la serre après résolution numérique des équations de base qui régissent les mouvements d'air (équations de Navier-Stokes couplées à l'équation de l'énergie) dans le domaine de calcul considéré. La turbulence, dont l'effet est loin d'être négligeable sous serre, a été modélisée à l'aide d'une fermeture de type k-e. Le taux d'aération a pu être déduit ensuite par résolution d'une équation de transport d'un gaz traceur virtuel. Un module radiatif a été ajouté dans le modèle numérique afin de prendre en compte le rayonnement d'origine solaire et atmosphérique. Ce module résout l'équation des Transferts Radiatifs qui est couplée à l'équation de l'énergie.
Ce modèle « complet » a pu être vérifié et validé pour différentes conditions climatiques. Il a été ensuite utilisé pour analyser l'impact de la configuration des ouvrants sur le climat et sur les flux de chaleur au niveau de la toiture de la serre. Cette analyse a porté non seulement sur la ventilation mais aussi sur l'homogénéité de la distribution des vitesses et des températures dans la serre et notamment au niveau des cultures.
Enfin, des indicateurs d'efficacité de l'aération de la serre sous climat estival ont pu être dégagés pour différentes configurations d'aération (ouverture) et différentes conditions climatiques.
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Costa, Fausto Guzzo da. "Employing nonlinear time series analysis tools with stable clustering algorithms for detecting concept drift on data streams." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-13112017-105506/.
Full textAbstract:
Several industrial, scientific and commercial processes produce open-ended sequences of observations which are referred to as data streams. We can understand the phenomena responsible for such streams by analyzing data in terms of their inherent recurrences and behavior changes. Recurrences support the inference of more stable models, which are deprecated by behavior changes though. External influences are regarded as the main agent actuacting on the underlying phenomena to produce such modifications along time, such as new investments and market polices impacting on stocks, the human intervention on climate, etc. In the context of Machine Learning, there is a vast research branch interested in investigating the detection of such behavior changes which are also referred to as concept drifts. By detecting drifts, one can indicate the best moments to update modeling, therefore improving prediction results, the understanding and eventually the controlling of other influences governing the data stream. There are two main concept drift detection paradigms: the first based on supervised, and the second on unsupervised learning algorithms. The former faces great issues due to the labeling infeasibility when streams are produced at high frequencies and large volumes. The latter lacks in terms of theoretical foundations to provide detection guarantees. In addition, both paradigms do not adequately represent temporal dependencies among data observations. In this context, we introduce a novel approach to detect concept drifts by tackling two deficiencies of both paradigms: i) the instability involved in data modeling, and ii) the lack of time dependency representation. Our unsupervised approach is motivated by Carlsson and Memolis theoretical framework which ensures a stability property for hierarchical clustering algorithms regarding to data permutation. To take full advantage of such framework, we employed Takens embedding theorem to make data statistically independent after being mapped to phase spaces. Independent data were then grouped using the Permutation-Invariant Single-Linkage Clustering Algorithm (PISL), an adapted version of the agglomerative algorithm Single-Linkage, respecting the stability property proposed by Carlsson and Memoli. Our algorithm outputs dendrograms (seen as data models), which are proven to be equivalent to ultrametric spaces, therefore the detection of concept drifts is possible by comparing consecutive ultrametric spaces using the Gromov-Hausdorff (GH) distance. As result, model divergences are indeed associated to data changes. We performed two main experiments to compare our approach to others from the literature, one considering abrupt and another with gradual changes. Results confirm our approach is capable of detecting concept drifts, both abrupt and gradual ones, however it is more adequate to operate on complicated scenarios. The main contributions of this thesis are: i) the usage of Takens embedding theorem as tool to provide statistical independence to data streams; ii) the implementation of PISL in conjunction with GH (called PISLGH); iii) a comparison of detection algorithms in different scenarios; and, finally, iv) an R package (called streamChaos) that provides tools for processing nonlinear data streams as well as other algorithms to detect concept drifts.Diversos processos industriais, científicos e comerciais produzem sequências de observações continuamente, teoricamente infinitas, denominadas fluxos de dados. Pela análise das recorrências e das mudanças de comportamento desses fluxos, é possível obter informações sobre o fenômeno que os produziu. A inferência de modelos estáveis para tais fluxos é suportada pelo estudo das recorrências dos dados, enquanto é prejudicada pelas mudanças de comportamento. Essas mudanças são produzidas principalmente por influências externas ainda desconhecidas pelos modelos vigentes, tal como ocorre quando novas estratégias de investimento surgem na bolsa de valores, ou quando há intervenções humanas no clima, etc. No contexto de Aprendizado de Máquina (AM), várias pesquisas têm sido realizadas para investigar essas variações nos fluxos de dados, referidas como mudanças de conceito. Sua detecção permite que os modelos possam ser atualizados a fim de apurar a predição, a compreensão e, eventualmente, controlar as influências que governam o fluxo de dados em estudo. Nesse cenário, algoritmos supervisionados sofrem com a limitação para rotular os dados quando esses são gerados em alta frequência e grandes volumes, e algoritmos não supervisionados carecem de fundamentação teórica para prover garantias na detecção de mudanças. Além disso, algoritmos de ambos paradigmas não representam adequadamente as dependências temporais entre observações dos fluxos. Nesse contexto, esta tese de doutorado introduz uma nova metodologia para detectar mudanças de conceito, na qual duas deficiências de ambos paradigmas de AM são confrontados: i) a instabilidade envolvida na modelagem dos dados, e ii) a representação das dependências temporais. Essa metodologia é motivada pelo arcabouço teórico de Carlsson e Memoli, que provê uma propriedade de estabilidade para algoritmos de agrupamento hierárquico com relação à permutação dos dados. Para usufruir desse arcabouço, as observações são embutidas pelo teorema de imersão de Takens, transformando-as em independentes. Esses dados são então agrupados pelo algoritmo Single-Linkage Invariante à Permutação (PISL), o qual respeita a propriedade de estabilidade de Carlsson e Memoli. A partir dos dados de entrada, esse algoritmo gera dendrogramas (ou modelos), que são equivalentes a espaços ultramétricos. Modelos sucessivos são comparados pela distância de Gromov-Hausdorff a fim de detectar mudanças de conceito no fluxo. Como resultado, as divergências dos modelos são de fato associadas a mudanças nos dados. Experimentos foram realizados, um considerando mudanças abruptas e o outro mudanças graduais. Os resultados confirmam que a metodologia proposta é capaz de detectar mudanças de conceito, tanto abruptas quanto graduais, no entanto ela é mais adequada para cenários mais complicados. As contribuições principais desta tese são: i) o uso do teorema de imersão de Takens para transformar os dados de entrada em independentes; ii) a implementação do algoritmo PISL em combinação com a distância de Gromov-Hausdorff (chamado PISLGH); iii) a comparação da metodologia proposta com outras da literatura em diferentes cenários; e, finalmente, iv) a disponibilização de um pacote em R (chamado streamChaos) que provê tanto ferramentas para processar fluxos de dados não lineares quanto diversos algoritmos para detectar mudanças de conceito.
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Costa, Gabriel Brito. "Fluxos de energia, CO2 e CH4 sobre a floresta em planície de inundação da Ilha do Bananal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-28092015-111609/.
Full textAbstract:
Nesta tese investigou-se os padrões microclimáticos, de fluxos de energia e CO2 em uma floresta em planície de inundação da Ilha do Bananal, com ênfase nos efeitos da inundação sazonal nas variáveis atmosféricas e na produtividade do ecossistema, além de estimativas de fluxos aquáticos evasivos de CO2 e CH4. Para tanto, foram utilizadas técnicas micrometeorológicas de vórtices turbulentos, estimativas de armazenamento vertical de CO2 e dados medidos em uma torre micrometeorológica no período de 2004 a 2014, além de campanhas específicas para medidas de fluxos evasivos. Embora existam ciclos sazonais bem definidos de precipitação, temperatura do ar e umidade na região, controlados pela oferta radiativa, esta não explica diretamente as variações na evapotranspiração quando se busca explicá-la pelo aumento da disponibilidade energética. O particionamento da energia disponível aponta para um domínio do calor latente em comparação ao sensível durante períodos de decaimento do saldo de radiação, configurando um padrão peculiar não reportado na literatura. Os dados de temperatura do ar, precipitação pluviométrica, fluxos turbulentos de CO2 e fluxos energéticos (LE e H) mostraram uma possível influência das secas que ocorreram no lado oeste da região, também neste sítio experimental do leste. Os anos de 2005 e 2010 foram mais quentes, pouco chuvosos e mais secos que os demais anos da série de dados, e em 2010 ocorreu a menor produtividade líquida da estação seca. A inundação mostrou ter um papel importante nos fluxos de CO2, fazendo com que a produtividade bruta, a respiração do ecossistema e a produtividade líquida diminuam, somando-se os efeitos esperados pelo controle radiativo. A produtividade líquida respondeu aos efeitos da inundação semanas antes desta iniciar na torre, persistindo seus efeitos até algumas semanas depois, com a diminuição da produtividade. Já a respiração do ecossistema e a produtividade primária bruta mostraram ser mais sensíveis ao início da estação seca, com uma interrupção no declínio atribuído à inundação, provavelmente devido ao favorecimento da decomposição de matéria orgânica suspensa na água. Os resultados dos fluxos de carbono sugerem uma alta assimilação de CO2 pela floresta, o que requer corroboração através de medidas biométricas, não sendo, contudo, descartada a confiabilidade dos resultados. Os resultados da campanha para medidas de fluxos evasivos mostraram que o rio é uma fonte de CO2 para a atmosfera, e tanto o rio quanto a superfície vegetada atuam como fonte de CH4 para a atmosfera, com maior contribuição da superfície vegetada. As concentrações de metano e carbono na água foram superiores ás amostragens da atmosfera, o que já era esperado conforme os estudos existentes na literatura.This thesis investigated the microclimate, CO2 and energy fluxes patterns at a forest in floodplain of Bananal Island, with emphasis on the seasonal flooding effects in atmospheric variables and ecosystem productivity, as well as estimates of evasive water CO2 and CH4 fluxes. To carry it out, micrometeorological eddy covariance technique was associated, vertical storage CO2 estimates and measured data in a micrometeorological tower from 2004 to 2014, as well as specific campaigns for evasive fluxes measures. Although there are welldefined seasonal cycles of precipitation, air temperature and humidity in the area controlled by the radiative offer, it does not directly explain the variations in evapotranspiration when seeking for explain it by the increase in energy availability. Partitioning of the available energy points to a latent heat flux domain compared to sensible heat flux during net radiation decay periods, showing a peculiar pattern not reported in the literature. The data air temperature, rainfall, eddy CO2 and energy fluxes (LE and H) showed a possible influence of droughts that occurred on the west side of the region, in this experimental site from the east. The years 2005 and 2010 were warmer, little rainy and drier than the other years of the data series, and in 2010 had the lowest net productivity of the dry season. The flood was shown to have an important role in CO2 streams, causing the gross productivity, ecosystem respiration and the net productivity decrease, adding to the effects expected by the radiative control. The net productivity responded to the effects of flooding weeks before this start in the tower, continuing its effects until a few weeks later, with decreasing productivity. Already ecosystem respiration and gross primary productivity proved to be more sensitive to early dry season, with an interruption in the decline attributed to flooding, probably due to favoring the decomposition of organic matter suspended in the water. The results of the carbon fluxes suggest a high CO2 assimilation by forest, which requires corroboration through biometric measurements and are not, however, ruled out the reliability of the results. The results of the campaign to evasive flux measurements showed that the river is a CO2 source to the atmosphere, and both the river and the vegetated surface act as a CH4 source to the atmosphere, with a greater contribution of the vegetated surface. Methane and carbon concentrations in the water were higher ace sampling the atmosphere, which was expected as existing studies in the literature.
Books on the topic "Serous fluids"
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1930-, Knight Joseph A., ed. Body fluids: Laboratory examination of amniotic, cerebrospinal, seminal, serous & synovial fluids. 3rd ed. Chicago: ASCP Press, 1993.
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Ali, Syed Z. Serous Cavity Fluid and Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytopathology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012.
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1930-, Knight Joseph A., ed. Body fluids: Laboratory examination of amniotic, cerebrospinal, seminal, serous & synovial fluids : a textbook atlas. 2nd ed. Chicago: American Society of Clinical Pathologists Press, 1986.
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1928-, Boddington Michael M., ed. Atlas of serous fluid cytopathology: A guide to the cells of pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, and hydrocele fluids. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989.
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McKee, Janet. The use of lectins to distinguish between reactive mesothelial cells, malignant mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma in serous fluids. [s.l: The Author], 1991.
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Ali, Syed Z., and Edmund S. Cibas. Serous Cavity Fluid and Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytopathology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1776-7.
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Spriggs, Arthur I., and Michael M. Boddington. Atlas of Serous Fluid Cytopathology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0849-9.
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Chandra, Ashish, Barbara Crothers, Daniel Kurtycz, and Fernando Schmitt, eds. The International System for Serous Fluid Cytopathology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53908-5.
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Halle, Steve. Review: Posit, S. Halle, Galatea Resurrects/Fluid Exchange, '07. Edited by Eileen Tabios. Palatine, Illinois/California: Galatea Resurrects/Fluid Exchange, 2007.
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Yee, H. C. Dynamical approach study of spurious steady-state numerical solutions of nonlinear differential equations. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Serous fluids"
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Sheaff, Michael T., and Naveena Singh. "Serous Fluids." In Cytopathology, 101–41. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2419-1_4.
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Ridley, John W. "Serous Fluids Analysis." In Fundamentals of the Study of Urine and Body Fluids, 301–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78417-5_13.
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Spriggs, Arthur I., and Michael M. Boddington. "Cells of Serous Fluids." In Atlas of Serous Fluid Cytopathology, 15–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0849-9_3.
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Spriggs, Arthur I., and Michael M. Boddington. "Malignant Cells in Serous Fluids." In Atlas of Serous Fluid Cytopathology, 46–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0849-9_6.
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Bubendorf, Lukas, Pinar Firat, Ibrahim Kulac, Pasquale Pisapia, Spasenija Savic-Prince, Gilda Santos, and Giancarlo Troncone. "Ancillary Studies for Serous Fluids." In The International System for Serous Fluid Cytopathology, 129–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53908-5_8.
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Spriggs, Arthur I., and Michael M. Boddington. "Evolution of Methods for Cytodiagnosis of Serous Fluids." In Atlas of Serous Fluid Cytopathology, 11–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0849-9_2.
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Spriggs, Arthur I., and Michael M. Boddington. "Normal Serous Fluid." In Atlas of Serous Fluid Cytopathology, 36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0849-9_4.
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Li, Qing Kay, and Walid E. Khalbuss. "Serous Fluid Cytopathology." In Diagnostic Cytopathology Board Review and Self-Assessment, 121–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1477-7_2.
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King, Jerry W., and Keerthi Srinivas. "Development of Multiple Unit-Fluid Processes and Bio-refineries Using Critical Fluids." In Food Engineering Series, 455–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10611-3_13.
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Kaviany, Massoud. "Fluid-Fluid Systems." In Mechanical Engineering Series, 417–87. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3488-1_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Serous fluids"
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Evrensel, Cahit A., Peter E. Krumpe, Dan E. Olson, and Jeffrey R. Hammersley. "Panel Discussion: Fluid Mechanics Issues in Pulmonary Airways." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0371.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Slowly travelling mucous, 2.4–5.5 mm/min, propelled by the beating action of cilia, is the main system to clear foreign substances from the pulmonary airways (Foster et al., 1980; Yeates, et al., 1981). Increased volume of mucous production and decreased mucociliary clearance may cause accumulation of mucous in the airway tree (Kim, 1997). Degree of airway obstruction due to access mucous and the effectiveness of the mucociliary clearance depends on rheology and quantity of mucous as well as activity of the cilia (King, 1998, Kim et al., 1997). The mucociliary system is complex and carefully regulated so as to maintain an optimal thickness of the serous fluid to facilitate the engagement of the beating cilia with the mucous layer (Yoneda et al., 1976). The depth of the serous layer is regulated by microtubules in the ciliated epithelial cell surfaces (Basbaum and Finkbeiner, 1990). The mucous layer apparently floats on its surface, either as a continuous sheet of overlapping layers and fibrous networks (Sturgess, 1977), or as a series of islands (Van As and Webster, 1974).
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Utturkar, Yogen, Siddharth Thakur, and Wei Shyy. "Accurate Time-Dependent Computations and Reduced-Order Modeling for Multiphase Flows." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56236.
Full textAbstract:
In the present study, we initiate development of a non-iterative multiphase algorithm by enhancing the Pressure Implicit with Splitting of Operators (PISO) algorithm. The Gallium fusion problem, which is characterized by a solid-liquid phase front and natural convection effects, is employed as a test case for validation. The problem poses serious computational issues in form of a non-linear energy equation and a strong pressure-velocity-temperature coupling. The single-fluid modeling approach is adopted in conjunction with the enthalpy-based formulation for the temperature equation. The current algorithm computes the solution through a series of predictor-corrector steps with special treatment to achieve rapid convergence of the energy equation. The algorithm demonstrates an enhanced performance for the highly unsteady, chosen test problem. A reduced-order analysis of the simulated data is also performed by Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). Specifically, impact of the constantly changing flow domain, and flow scales, on the POD implementation is highlighted.
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Barrero, Daniel, Juan Abanto, Jean-Philippe Hardy, and Marcelo Reggio. "Serious Colorful Fluid Dynamics in Fire Simulation." In 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-1151.
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Xu, Qiang. "Experimental Study of Jet Noise Characteristics of Series Connected Nozzles." In ASME 2005 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2005-77103.
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Put abstract text here. A serial of experiments were conducted to study the noise radiated from a series connected nozzle pair. The experiment results are presented in this paper. This nozzle pair consists of two nozzles, one is called source nozzle, and the other is a secondary nozzle. In these experiments, the structure of source nozzle was fixed while that of secondary nozzle was changeable. The source nozzle is mounted on a pressure chamber which is connected to an air compressor. A steel tube is fixed at the tail of source nozzle. The secondary nozzle is connected to the other end of the tube. Throat size of secondary nozzle is larger then that of source nozzle. 15 types of nozzles with different expansion ratio, length of expand segment, and throat structure were used as the secondary nozzle. Jet noise pressure of these nozzle pairs was measured by 40AF Free Field Microphone. The frequency spectrum of jet noise from source nozzle with steel tube under different chamber pressures was calculated. The pressure range is from 0.1 to 1.2 MPa. This result is compared with those spectrums of nozzle pair with different secondary nozzle under different chamber pressures. The trend of peak frequency shifts for different nozzle pair and different chamber pressure is presented in this paper. The secondary nozzles make frequency peak shift from the source nozzle, especially in low frequency band. Different structure of secondary nozzle has different influence on the frequency characteristics of jet noise. Length of expand segment has greater influence on low frequency peak than other two factors. Joint time-frequency analysis is also used in analyze the change of frequency spectrum during throat size decreased under fixed chamber pressure and various spectrograms are also presented. In low frequency band, frequency peak remains during the change of source nozzle throat size. But in higher frequency band, the frequency peak shifts from low frequency to higher ones as the throat size decreases.
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Li, Y., W. D. Shi, and L. P. Chai. "Flow characteristics of series-parallel marine centrifugal pump." In 2014 ISFMFE - 6th International Symposium on Fluid Machinery and Fluid Engineering. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2014.1152.
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Hosokawa, Shigeo, Hiroki Sakamoto, and Akio Tomiyama. "Spatial Filter Velocimetry Based on Time-Series Particle Images." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-31005.
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High spatial and temporal resolutions are required in velocity measurements for turbulent flows to examine turbulence characteristics accurately. In this study, we proposed a spatial filter velocimetry (SFV) based on a frequency analysis of time-series spatially-filtered particle images. Since this method can measure velocity from one particle in a measurement region, it enables us to measure the velocity with high spatial and temporal resolutions. We developed a SFV system and applied it to laminar and turbulent flows in a duct to examine its performance. Through comparisons between the velocities measured by SFV and LDV, we confirmed that SFV accurately measures the mean velocity and turbulent intensity with spatial and temporal resolutions as high as LDV.
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Su, Yuling, and Akshay Basavaraj. "Computational Analysis of Benzing Airfoils for Optimization in a Wing Configuration for a Formula SAE Car." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69372.
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Wing selection plays a crucial role for race cars as it generates the most downforce. This is essential to maintain traction which leads to faster lap timings, and maintain efficiency in the performance of the race car. In this paper, the numerical simulation of a Formula SAE (FSAE) Car is performed. The FSAE car is restricted by regulations in terms of the geometry of the front and rear wing configuration. Hence, it becomes necessary to optimize the selection of airfoils in order to get the best out of the wing configuration. It is also essential to observe the tradeoff between the downforce generated and the drag produced in a racecar for optimal performance. This serves as the primary motivation of this research paper. The focus is on Benzing airfoils, which show considerably better performance in terms of downforce production in a race car than conventional airfoils. The wing configuration utilized in this research paper consists of a single mainplane and two flaps.. The freestream velocity of the flow is in the range of 0–60mph (0–26m/s). The 122 series of Benzing airfoils is utilized for the mainplane and the 153 series of Benzing airfoils is utilized for the flaps for manufacturing reasons. Nine different combinations of Benzing airfoils were utilized wherein it was noticed that an appropriate selection of the airfoils for the mainplane and flaps with a fixed angle of attack difference, leads to a 12–15% increase in downforce amongst the Benzing airfoils itself. Similarly, it was also observed that an optimal configuration would lead to a 12–15% decrease in drag in comparison too poor performing airfoil. The Be 153-055 airfoil acts as an excellent flap within the limits of computational error. Data from an on-track test is used in order to verify the approach utilized in this paper in order to validate if the approach used in this paper would be feasible. It is observed that the Benzing airfoil does improve the average cornering speed of the car by around 10% in comparison to the previous configuration of S1223 airfoil as the main plane and the goe 477 airfoil as the flap.
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Rajkumar, Yeshwanth Raj, Soroor Karimi, and Siamack A. Shirazi. "Sand Erosion Measurements and Simulations Under Churn Flow Conditions in Elbows in Series." In ASME 2022 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2022-87714.
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Abstract Pipeline geometries such as elbows, tees, chokes cause a rapid change in the flow direction. Therefore, they are more prone to solid particle erosion when silica particles are entrained with oil and gas production. Consequently, studying the erosion pattern and magnitude for elbows in series in liquid-gas-solid flows is vital. The current work measured erosion data using an ultrasonic transducer (UT) in 76.2 mm inner diameter stainless steel elbows. The second elbow is separated at three diameters from the first elbow. Experiments were conducted with water, air, and 300 μm sand particles at a mixture velocity of 11.4 m/s. Experimental data was collected for two different superficial velocities by keeping the mixture velocity constant. The erosion magnitude and hotspot location change significantly as the gas velocity increases. Moreover, CFD simulations were performed using the Eulerian multiphase model and Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) for liquid-gas-sand flows to predict erosion patterns and magnitude.
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Asgharpour, Alireza, Peyman Zahedi, Hadi Arabnejad Khanouki, Siamack A. Shirazi, and Brenton S. McLaury. "Experimental and Numerical Study on Solid Particle Erosion in Elbows Mounted in Series." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69415.
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Solid particle erosion in elbows is of great importance in the pipeline design process. In many situations, elbows are mounted in series with small distances between each other. Due to changes in flow direction and particles concentration after the first elbow, a significant change in erosion magnitude and pattern in the downstream elbows (second elbow) might be expected. The aim of this study is to investigate the solid particle erosion behavior in the second elbow. In the experimental study using a state-of-art ultrasonic technique, erosion magnitudes in two standard 4-inch elbows separated by a distance of 10 pipe diameter have been measured. Experiments have been conducted in single and two-phase flow regimes for different particle sizes and gas and liquid velocities. In most of the cases, the maximum erosion in the second elbow was less than the first elbow, and the erosion pattern in the second elbow was slightly different than the first elbow. Comparison of single and two-phase flow results for both elbows revealed that in two-phase flow regime a major reduction in erosion magnitude happens as a results of the presence of liquid in the pipe. Additionally, for further considerations, the experimental conditions have been simulated numerically using ANSYS FLUENT software. Simulations have been performed for different mesh grids and turbulence models to examine how they influence the erosion in the second elbow as both can affect the particles trajectories. The accuracy of the numerical results are evaluated with available experimental data. For most of the cases, the erosion predictions are in a good agreement with experimental results. For both elbows by increasing the gas velocity and particle size, the maximum erosion increased.
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Baysal, Oktay, and Terry L. Meek. "Computational Aerodynamics of a Winston-Cup-Series Race Car." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31371.
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Since the goal of racing is to win and since drag is a force that the vehicle must overcome, a thorough understanding of the drag generating airflow around and through a race car is greatly desired. The external airflow contributes to most of the drag that a car experiences and most of the downforce the vehicle produces. Therefore, an estimate of the vehicle’s performance may be evaluated using a computational fluid dynamics model. First, a computer model of the race car was created from the measurements of the car obtained by using a laser triangulation system. After a computer-aided drafting model of the actual car was developed, the model was simplified by removing the tires, roof strakes, and modification of the spoiler. A mesh refinement study was performed by exploring five cases with different mesh densities. By monitoring the convergence of the computed drag coefficient, the case with 2 million elements was selected as being the baseline case. Results included flow visualization of the pressure and velocity fields and the wake in the form of streamlines and vector plots. Quantitative results included lift and drag, and the body surface pressure distribution to determine the centerline pressure coefficient. When compared with the experimental results, the computed drag forces were comparable but expectedly lower than the experimental data mainly attributable to the differences between the present model and the actual car.
Reports on the topic "Serous fluids"
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Kingston, A. W., O. H. Ardakani, G. Scheffer, M. Nightingale, C. Hubert, and B. Meyer. The subsurface sulfur system following hydraulic stimulation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs: assessing anthropogenic influences on microbial sulfate reduction in the deep subsurface, Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330712.
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Hydraulic fracturing is a reservoir stimulation technique that involves the injection of high-pressure fluids to enhance recovery from unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Often this involves the injection of surface waters (along with additives such as biocides) into formational fluids significantly different isotopic and geochemical compositions facilitating geochemical fingerprinting of these fluid sources. In some instances, the produced fluids experience an increase in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration over the course of production resulting in an increased risk to health and safety, the environment, and infrastructure due to the toxic and corrosive nature of H2S. However, questions remain as to the origin and processes leading to H2S formation following hydraulic fracturing. In this study, we analyzed a series of produced waters following hydraulic fracturing of a horizontal well completed in the Montney Formation, Western Canada to evaluate variations in geochemical and microbiological composition over time and characterize potential sulfur species involved in the production of H2S. Initially, sulfur isotope ratios (d34S, VCDT) of dissolved sulfate in produced water had a baseline value of 27per mil similar to the d34S value of 25per mil for solid anhydrite derived from core material. Subsequently, d34S values of sulfate in produced fluids sequentially increased to 35per mil coincident with the appearance of sulfides in produced waters with a d34SH2S value of 18per mil. Oxygen isotope values of dissolved sulfate exhibited a synchronous increase from 13.2per mil to 15.8per mil VSMOW suggesting sulfate reduction commenced in the subsurface following hydraulic fracturing. Formation temperatures are <100°C precluding thermochemical sulfate reduction as a potential mechanism for H2S production. We suggest that microbial reduction of anhydrite-derived sulfate within the formation is likely responsible for the increase in H2S within produced waters despite the use of biocides within the hydraulic fracturing fluids. Initial assessments of microbial communities indicate a shift in community diversity over time and interactions between in situ communities and those introduced during the hydraulic fracturing process. This study indicates that biocides may not be fully effective in inhibiting microbial sulfate reduction and highlights the role anthropogenic influences such as hydraulic fracturing can have on the generation of H2S in the subsurface.
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Kincaid, J., B. Tooker, and G. Stell. Representation of pure-fluid coexistence curves by series expansion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6826099.
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Peterson, E. W., P. L. Lagus, and K. Lie. Fluid flow measurements of Test Series A and B for the Small Scale Seal Performance Tests. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5697691.
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Figueredo, Luisa, Liliana Martinez, and Joao Paulo Almeida. Current role of Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Craniopharyngiomas. A 10-year Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Comparison with the Open Transcranial Approach. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0045.
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Review question / Objective: To identify and review studies published in the last ten years, presenting the efficacy and outcomes of EEA and TCA for patients with cranio-pharyngiomas. Eligibility criteria: Studies meeting the following criteria were included: (a) retrospective and prospective studies and (b) observational studies (i.e., cross-sectional, case-control, case-series). The outcomes included visual outcomes (improvement, no changes, worsening), endocrinological outcomes (permanent diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism), operatory site infection, meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid leak, stroke, hemorrhage, and mortality. Studies were excluded if they were determined to be: (a) case-report studies, (b) studies testing genetic disorders, (c) poster presentation abstracts without full-text availability, (d) systematic reviews, and (e) metanalyses.
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Kingston, A. W., A. Mort, C. Deblonde, and O H Ardakani. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) distribution in the Triassic Montney Formation of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329797.
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The Montney Formation is a highly productive hydrocarbon reservoir with significant reserves of hydrocarbon gases and liquids making it of great economic importance to Canada. However, high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been encountered during exploration and development that have detrimental effects on environmental, health, and economics of production. H2S is a highly toxic and corrosive gas and therefore it is essential to understand the distribution of H2S within the basin in order to enhance identification of areas with a high risk of encountering elevated H2S concentrations in order to mitigate against potential negative impacts. Gas composition data from Montney wells is routinely collected by operators for submission to provincial regulators and is publicly available. We have combined data from Alberta (AB) and British Columbia (BC) to create a basin-wide database of Montney H2S concentrations. We then used an iterative quality control and quality assurance process to produce a dataset that best represents gas composition in reservoir fluids. This included: 1) designating gas source formation based on directional surveys using a newly developed basin-wide 3D model incorporating AGS's Montney model of Alberta with a model in BC, which removes errors associated with reported formations; 2) removed injection and disposal wells; 3) assessed wells with the 50 highest H2S concentrations to determine if gas composition data is accurate and reflective of reservoir fluid chemistry; and 4) evaluated spatially isolated extreme values to ensure data accuracy and prevent isolated highs from negatively impacting data interpolation. The resulting dataset was then used to calculate statistics for each x, y location to input into the interpolation process. Three interpolations were constructed based on the associated phase classification: H2S in gas, H2S in liquid (C7+), and aqueous H2S. We used Empirical Bayesian Kriging interpolation to generate H2S distribution maps along with a series of model uncertainty maps. These interpolations illustrate that H2S is heterogeneously distributed across the Montney basin. In general, higher concentrations are found in AB compared with BC with the highest concentrations in the Grande Prairie region along with several other isolated region in the southeastern portion of the basin. The interpolations of H2S associated with different phases show broad similarities. Future mapping research will focus on subdividing intra-Montney sub-members plus under- and overlying strata to further our understanding of the role migration plays in H2S distribution within the Montney basin.
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Chen, Yue, Huiping Li, and Xilu Chen. A meta-analysis of high mobility group 1 frame protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with epilepsy. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0029.
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Torrijos, Ivan Dario Pinerez, Tina Puntervold, Skule Strand, Panagiotis Aslanidis, Ingebret Fjelde, and Aleksandr Mamonov. Core restoration: A guide for improved wettability assessments. University of Stavanger, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.198.
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The initial wetting of a reservoir sets a limit for the EOR potential during water-based recovery operations and “Smart Water” injection. For this reason, an improved understanding of the factors influencing the wetting can help to control and better forecast oil production during water-based floods. To preserve and reproduce the original reservoir wettability is a challenging task and wrong cleaning and core restoration procedures can lead to incorrect wettability estimations and thus induce serious errors when evaluating the initial wettability of a reservoir system or its EOR potential by water-based methods. Thereby, there is a need to improve the chemical knowledge on interactions among the rock, brine and fluids present in reservoir systems. This will help to understanding the influence of the parameters affecting wettability during cleaning and core restoration processes. Understanding which are the main parameters influencing oil recovery processes is of great relevance. The objective of this document is to provide suggestions for added-value experiments, complementing and challenging the standard RCA and SCAL procedures, prior to performing experimental research in which wettability and wettability alteration processes are important. Lessons learned will be highlighted and new ideas to optimize core restoration protocols to preserve and closely reproduce wettability are put forward. These recommended practices target core restoration procedures after the core material has been received in the laboratory. The target audience for this document is engineers and scientists with an interest in core preparation for wettability studies.
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King, E. L., A. Normandeau, T. Carson, P. Fraser, C. Staniforth, A. Limoges, B. MacDonald, F. J. Murrillo-Perez, and N. Van Nieuwenhove. Pockmarks, a paleo fluid efflux event, glacial meltwater channels, sponge colonies, and trawling impacts in Emerald Basin, Scotian Shelf: autonomous underwater vehicle surveys, William Kennedy 2022011 cruise report. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331174.
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A short but productive cruise aboard RV William Kennedy tested various new field equipment near Halifax (port of departure and return) but also in areas that could also benefit science understanding. The GSC-A Gavia Autonomous Underwater Vehicle equipped with bathymetric, sidescan and sub-bottom profiler was successfully deployed for the first time on Scotian Shelf science targets. It surveyed three small areas: two across known benthic sponge, Vazella (Russian Hat) within a DFO-directed trawling closure area on the SE flank of Sambro Bank, bordering Emerald Basin, and one across known pockmarks, eroded cone-shaped depression in soft mud due to fluid efflux. The sponge study sites (~ 150 170 m water depth) were known to lie in an area of till (subglacial diamict) exposure at the seabed. The AUV data identified gravel and cobble-rich seabed, registering individual clasts at 35 cm gridded resolution. A subtle variation in seabed texture is recognized in sidescan images, from cobble-rich on ridge crests and flanks, to limited mud-rich sediment in intervening troughs. Correlation between seabed topography and texture with the (previously collected) Vazella distribution along two transects is not straightforward. However there may be a preference for the sponge in the depressions, some of which have a thin but possibly ephemeral sediment cover. Both sponge study sites depict a hereto unknown morphology, carved in glacial deposits, consisting of a series of discontinuous ridges interpreted to be generated by erosion in multiple, continuous, meandering and cross-cutting channels. The morphology is identical to glacial Nye, or mp;lt;"N-mp;lt;"channels, cut by sub-glacial meltwater. However their scale (10 to 100 times mp;lt;"typicalmp;gt;" N-channels) and the unique eroded medium, (till rather than bedrock), presents a rare or unknown size and medium and suggests a continuum in sub-glacial meltwater channels between much larger tunnel valleys, common to the eastward, and the bedrock forms. A comparison is made with coastal Nova Scotia forms in bedrock. The Emerald Basin AUV site, targeting pockmarks was in ~260 to 270 m water depth and imaged eight large and one small pockmark. The main aim was to investigate possible recent or continuous fluid flux activity in light of ocean acidification or greenhouse gas contribution; most accounts to date suggested inactivity. While a lack of common attributes marking activity is confirmed, creep or rotational flank failure is recognized, as is a depletion of buried diffuse methane immediately below the seabed features. Discovery of a second, buried, pockmark horizon, with smaller but more numerous erosive cones and no spatial correlation to the buried diffuse gas or the seabed pockmarks, indicates a paleo-event of fluid or gas efflux; general timing and possible mechanisms are suggested. The basinal survey also registered numerous otter board trawl marks cutting the surficial mud from past fishing activity. The AUV data present a unique dataset for follow-up quantification of the disturbance. Recent realization that this may play a significant role in ocean acidification on a global scale can benefit from such disturbance quantification. The new pole-mounted sub-bottom profiler collected high quality data, enabling correlation of recently recognized till ridges exposed at the seabed as they become buried across the flank and base of the basin. These, along with the Nye channels, will help reconstruct glacial behavior and flow patterns which to date are only vaguely documented. Several cores provide the potential for stratigraphic dating of key horizons and will augment Holocene environmental history investigations by a Dalhousie University student. In summary, several unique features have been identified, providing sufficient field data for further compilation, analysis and follow-up publications.
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Ansari, A., S. Mohaghegh, M. Shahnam, J. F. Dietiker, A. Takbiri Borujeni, and E. Fathi. Data Driven Smart Proxy for CFD: Application of Big Data Analytics & Machine Learning in Computational Fluid Dynamics, Part One: Proof of Concept; NETL-PUB-21574; NETL Technical Report Series; U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory: Morgantown, WV, 2017. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1417305.
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Matte, S., M. Constantin, and R. Stevenson. Mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of the Kipawa syenite complex, Quebec: implications for rare-earth element deposits. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329212.
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The Kipawa rare-earth element (REE) deposit is located in the Parautochton zone of the Grenville Province 55 km south of the boundary with the Superior Province. The deposit is part of the Kipawa syenite complex of peralkaline syenites, gneisses, and amphibolites that are intercalated with calc-silicate rocks and marbles overlain by a peralkaline gneissic granite. The REE deposit is principally composed of eudialyte, mosandrite and britholite, and less abundant minerals such as xenotime, monazite or euxenite. The Kipawa Complex outcrops as a series of thin, folded sheet imbricates located between regional metasediments, suggesting a regional tectonic control. Several hypotheses for the origin of the complex have been suggested: crustal contamination of mantle-derived magmas, crustal melting, fluid alteration, metamorphism, and hydrothermal activity. Our objective is to characterize the mineralogical, geochemical, and isotopic composition of the Kipawa complex in order to improve our understanding of the formation and the post-formation processes, and the age of the complex. The complex has been deformed and metamorphosed with evidence of melting-recrystallization textures among REE and Zr rich magmatic and post magmatic minerals. Major and trace element geochemistry obtained by ICP-MS suggest that syenites, granites and monzonite of the complex have within-plate A2 type anorogenic signatures, and our analyses indicate a strong crustal signature based on TIMS whole rock Nd isotopes. We have analyzed zircon grains by SEM, EPMA, ICP-MS and MC-ICP-MS coupled with laser ablation (Lu-Hf). Initial isotopic results also support a strong crustal signature. Taken together, these results suggest that alkaline magmas of the Kipawa complex/deposit could have formed by partial melting of the mantle followed by strong crustal contamination or by melting of metasomatized continental crust. These processes and origins strongly differ compare to most alkaline complexes in the world. Additional TIMS and LA-MC-ICP-MS analyses are planned to investigate whether all lithologies share the same strong crustal signature.