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Academic literature on the topic 'Serpentinisation AND serpentinization'
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Journal articles on the topic "Serpentinisation AND serpentinization"
Walker, James A., and Esteban Gazel. "Igneous Rock Associations 13. Focusing on the Central American Subduction Zone." Geoscience Canada 41, no. 1 (March 4, 2014): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2014.41.036.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Serpentinisation AND serpentinization"
Escario, Perez Sofia. "Flux hydrothermaux dans le manteau lithosphérique : étude expérimentale du processus de serpentinisation." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG030/document.
Full textThe hydrothermal alteration of the mantle lithosphere at mid-ocean ridges provides a mechanism for transferring heat and mass between the deep Earth and the overlaying ocean. The mantle lithosphere is constituted by ultramafic rocks, also called Peridotites. They comprise more than 70% of olivine, associated pyroxenes and minor mineral phases. The percolation of seawater into the ultramafic basement produces the alteration of olivine and pyroxenes to serpentine through the so-called serpentinization process and is associated to oxidation and carbonation reactions, the later when CO2 is present. The serpentinization process has special interest on H2 production, CO2 storage, development of life, and the production of economically valuable ore-deposits concentrated at hydrothermal vents. The sustainability and efficiency of the reactions requires penetration and renewal of fluids at the mineral-fluid interface. Oceanic detachment faults and fractures are the highly permeable zones allowing seawater derived fluids to penetrate deeply into the mantle lithosphere. However, the serpentinization process lead to the precipitation of low density minerals that can fill the porous network, clogging flow paths efficiently that may in turn modify the hydrodynamic properties and the reactivity of the reacted rocks.This PhD thesis aims at better understanding the feedback effects of chemical reactions on the hydrodynamic rock properties occurred on highly permeable zones during the earliest stages of alteration of the ultramafic basement. It focuses in particular on the changes in texture and chemical reaction paths of ultramafic rocks by assessing the effects of (i) flow rate and (ii) CO2-rich saline fluids. Two suite of reactive percolation experiments were performed at T=170-190°C and P=25MPa. The first suite of experiments consisted in injecting artificial seawater into porous compressed olivine powder cores over a wide range of constant flow rates. X-Ray µ-tomography of high resolution was acquired before and after the experiment run with high flow rates; in order to evaluate the micro-structural changes of the rock occurred during the serpentinization reaction. The second suite of experiments consisted in injecting CO2-rich saline fluids into peridotite cores mechanically fractured.The results allowed us to differentiate: (1) That, a control of flow infiltration rate at the pore-scale can control the local fluid compositions and the development of different reaction paths at the sample-scale. (2) The development of different reaction paths and textural changes in the rock depends on the concentration of CO2 dissolved in solution. (3) The formation of carbonate minerals (MgCO3) can store CO2 in a form of stable mineral at long-term. (4) A control of the concentration of dissolved CO2(g) and the fracture network can enhance/limit the efficiency of CO2-storage in peridotite fractured reservoirs.These new supporting data suggest a complex control of the structure of the ultramafic rocks in serpentinization process and provides new insights for the potential CO2-storage in peridotite fractured reservoirs
Marcaillou, Clément. "Serpentinisation et production d'hydrogène en contexte de dorsale lente : approche expérimentale et numérique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00676948.
Full textFauguerolles, Colin. "Etude expérimentale de la production d'H₂ associée à la serpentinisation des péridotites au niveau des dorsales océaniques lentes : quantification, état rédox, mécanismes réactionnels." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2058/document.
Full textTo better understand serpentinization of mantle rocks at slow-spreading ridges, several series of experiments have been conducted at 50 MPa and 250, 300 et 350 ℃ to quantify the H₂ production associated with the serpentinization process, and to clarify the relations between the H₂ generation, the nature of product mineral phases and the redox properties of H₂ bearing hydrothermal systems. The main results of this work, which represents a significant effort toward the consideration of redox parameters and processes during serpentinisation, are the following: – A new experimental method of in situ monitoring of the \fH has been set up at 250 and 300 ℃, 50 MPa. The two variables expressing the H₂ production, \molalHydAq; aq and \fH , have been related quantitatively. Results enable the \fO of hydrothermal oceanic systems to be computed from the dissolved hydrogen concentration. H₂ production starts early, increases rapidly and is continuous in our serpentinization experiments. – Harzburgite-seawater interaction experiments show that serpentinisation is an irreversible dissolution reaction of olivine and orthopyroxene and that it consists of a sequence of discrete steps involving metastable and disequilibrium phase assemblages. – Serpentinisation mechanisms and phase assemblages (especially Fe oxides) depend on \fH, the latter being closely controlled by processes of fluid circulation in the oceanic crust. – Thermodynamic modelling of H₂ rich hydrothermal fluids stresses the need to know precisely \yHydAq, the activity coefficient of \hydAq
Lafay, Romain. "Séquestration des éléments mobiles durant la serpentinisation expérimentale en condition alcaline." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01053911.
Full textMei, Nan. "Ecologie des micro-organismes producteurs d'hydrogène des sources hydrothermales alcalines associées à la serpentinisation en Baie de Prony, Nouvelle-Calédonie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4055/document.
Full textThe Prony hydrothermal field (PHF, New Caledonia) is composed of several shallow-submarine springs discharging into the lagoon seawater high pH, moderate temperature, low-salinity fluids, enriched in hydrogen (H2) and methane produced by serpentinization. In this work, we evaluated the potential ability of microorganisms to produce H2 in this alkaline ecosystem by using both molecular and cultural approaches. Our first molecular analyses provided evidence of high bacterial abundance and diversity contrasting with low archaeal diversity in the PHF chimneys. The diversity and distribution of potential H2-producing bacteria were specifically investigated by using metagenomic analyses and different PCR-sequencing methods. The sequences of hydA genes encoding the catalytic subunit of [FeFe]-hydrogenases, used as molecular marker of H2-producing bacteria, were mainly related to those of Firmicutes. Two groups of hydA sequences were distinguished according to the origin of the samples. Moreover, novel alkaliphilic H2-producing Firmicutes were successfully cultivated from PHF chimneys. Among them, an alkaliphilic and anaerobic strain, Clostridium sp. PROH2, belonging to the genus Clostridium, demonstrated efficient H2 production at a high pH, comparable to neutrophilic clostridial species. This manuscript also present the characterization of a novel anaerobic, mesophilic and alkaliphilic species belonging to a new genus, named Serpentiniticella alkaliphila 3bT, isolated from an intertidal PHF site. Both molecular and cultivation-based data demonstrated the ability of Firmicutes originating from serpentinite-hosted environments to produce H2 by fermentation
Pens, Maria. "Etude expérimentale de l’altération hydrothermale des roches ultrabasiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1107/document.
Full textPeridotites, Earth's mantle rocks, are unstable in the presence of water and can be transformed into a hydrated mineral, serpentine, which has the remarkable ability to generate hydrogen H2; this reaction is called serpentinization. At the mid-ocean ridges, the circulation of water in these rocks leads to the formation of large hydrothermal systems. They show great variability of temperature and fluids’pH conditions, although they all lead to the abiotic formation of H2, methane CH4 and eventually other light hydrocarbons. This PhD thesis is dedicated to the study of the chemical composition role of the hydrothermal fluid on the kinetics and mechanisms of serpentinization of ultramafic rocks to different conditions of P-T. The interaction between olivine and/or orthopyroxene was analyzed with an aqueous solution to simulate sea water which is rich in aluminum and/or bicarbonate ions, with different pH values. A first series of experiments was carried out at 200, 340 °C and 200 MPa in lp-DAC at the ESRF in France. It was used to quantify the kinetic parameters of the reaction, to determine an opposite effect of aluminum on the kinetics these two minerals and the acceleration of the reaction under alkaline conditions. Other experiments were performed in glass bottles at Pamb and 80 °C. They led, for the first time, to the formation of serpentine, as well as to the formation of H2 and CH4. These results show that the slightly more complex chemistry of the hydrothermal fluid can have a major impact on the kinetics of serpentinization to speed and make it more accessible to industrial time scale
Perez, Florian. "Production d'hydrogène par la serpentinisation des roches mantelliques : apport de la modélisation à la compréhension des processus physiques et géochimiques." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846873.
Full textBen, Aissa Fatma. "Ecologie microbienne des systèmes hydrothermaux marins alcalins de la baie de Prony (Nouvelle-Calédonie)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4760.
Full textWe studied the microbial ecology of an alkaline hydrothermal submarine shallow field (0-50 m) located in Prony Bay (PHF) in the south of New Caledonia (SW Pacific) similar to the deep alkaline hydrothermal site (800m) of Lost City (LCHF) (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Similarly to LCHF, PHF is an ultramafic hydrothermal system functioning on the basis of serpentinization reactions of the mantle rocks, releasing anoxic, highly alkaline fluids (to pH 11) rich in calcium, and in dissolved hydrogen and methane. The Prony hydrothermal field (PHF) is characterized by large carbonate chimneys emitting fluids with temperatures not exceeding 40 °C. Molecular approaches revealed a prevalence of Bacteria (Firmicutes, Deltaproteobacteria…) over Archaea (Methanosarcinales). Regarding microbial cultures, they were unsuccessful for most major trophic groups (sulfate-reducing bacteria, methanogens) with the exception of fermentative representatives of the phylum Firmicutes. Two novel bacteria belonging to this phylum were isolated. They include (i) Vallitalea pronyensis which is likely associated with hydrothermal vents and (ii) Alkaliphilus hydrothermalis which should be indigenous to alkaline fluids emitted from chimneys since its growth optimal physicochemical conditions match those of fluids. These two bacteria represent the first anaerobic microorganisms isolated from alkaline hydrothermal serpentinized systems so far
Bes, Méline. "Etude des communautés microbiennes d'un système hydrothermal serpentinisé, la baie de Prony en Nouvelle-Calédonie : approches culturales et moléculaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4000.
Full textSerpentinization is an alteration process of ultramafic rocks resulting in hydrogen- and methane-rich alkaline hot fluids formation. Serpentinization can provide energy and matter to support chemosynthetic microbial communities but also creates extreme living conditions in terms of pH and limited availability of electron acceptors. This work consisted in the study of the microbial communities of the coastal serpentinized hydrothermal system of the Bay of Prony in New Caledonia. It allowed to determine the taxonomic composition, diversity and structure of prokaryotic communities. The "stable core" of indigenous communities identified by molecular methods (DGGE, SSCP, Sanger sequencing of clone libraries) consisted of Methanosarcinales, Thaumarchaeota, Chloroflexi, Alpha-, Gamma-, Delta, Beta-proteobacteria and Firmicutes. These communities are fueled by redox reactions involving hydrogen, methane and sulfur compounds. The low archaeal diversity is mainly composed of Methanosarcinales who are potential primary producers using or producing methane. High throughput sequencing of the bacterial and archaeal 16S rDNA highlighted numerous rare taxa. Some potentially play a role in the biogeochemical cycles of Prony. The fermentative Acetoanaerobium pronyense ST07-YE sp. nov., belonging to Firmicutes, was isolated and characterized by cultivation approach. This bacterium capable of acetate and other substrates production may play an important role in this ecosystem, especially in the maintenance methanogens
Frouin, Eléonore. "Taxonomic and functional exploration of the biosphere of serpentinizing hydrothermal systems by metagenomics." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0507/document.
Full textSerpentinizing hydrothermal systems are anoxic and enriched in $H_2$, $CH_4$ and organic molecules. These compounds support microbes that colonize serpentinizing systems, despite high pH and low concentrations of electron acceptors and dissolved inorganic carbon. In this work, two axes were explored to study the microbial communities. On the one hand, we focused on Prony, a coastal serpentinizing site in New Caledonia, and on the other hand we compared different serpentinizing systems to reveal taxonomic and functional similarities. At Prony, our metabarcoding analyses highlighted the importance of the rare biosphere. Moreover, 82 prokaryotic genomes were successfully reconstructed using five metagenomes from Prony. One of these genomes was phylogenetically close to the species of the genus Serpentinomonas, chemolithotrophic bacteria isolated at the serpentinizing site The Cedars that are capable of growth up to pH 12.5. These species, and other phylotypes, such as taxa affiliated with Lost City Methanosarcinales were identified in several serpentinizing sites and could contribute to the definition of a biological signature associated with serpentinization. By specifically targeting enriched metabolisms in serpentinizing environments, we highlighted key functions associated with hydrogen metabolism and environmental stress response mechanisms. The comparison of serpentinizing metagenomes revealed the importance of a phosphonate degradative pathway, based on the activity of a C-P lyase. This metabolic pathway, which plays a key role in the uptake of phosphorus and the release of organic molecules, was integrated into the ecological models of serpentinizing systems