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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Service charges

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Academic literature on the topic 'Service charges'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Service charges"

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Margolis, Bernard. "IN THE NEWS." Bottom Line 1, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb025137.

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ALA Fights Proposed Access Charges. Library services could be seriously harmed by a new Federal Communications Commission (FCC) proposal to charge networks such as Telenet. Tymnet, CompuServe, and other “enhanced service providers” access charges to local phone lines.

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Holt, Andrew, and Timothy Eccles. "Financial reporting for commercial service charges in the retail sector." Property Management 33, no. 2 (April 20, 2015): 152–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-06-2014-0027.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess whether financial reporting practices for commercial service charges in the UK retail sector match the best practice requirements of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) Code of practice for commercial service charges. This assessment was performed by benchmarking commercial service charge documents provided to retail occupiers at UK shopping centres against the RICS Code’s financial reporting requirements. Design/methodology/approach – Data were generated from direct analysis of actual service charge documents supplied to commercial retail occupiers. This ensures authenticity by removing reliance upon third party reporting of said data. The paper uses a sample size that is representative of the financial reporting practices for commercial service charges at UK shopping centres. Findings – Levels of compliance with the financial reporting requirements of the RICS Code of Practice for commercial service charges are found to be poor, especially in terms of the disclosure of the accounting policies used during the preparation of the service charge accounts. These results contrast with claims by the professional body. Research limitations/implications – The work analyses service charge documents prepared during 2010-2012 by 44 managing agents and 87 landlords at 126 UK retail shopping centres located in Great Britain. Content analysis was utilised to interpret the data and required some subjective judgement by the researchers. Originality/value – Data are original and the paper provides a unique benchmarking test for assessing Code compliance. This contrasts markedly with the anecdotal evidence offered by the profession in defending current standards of practice and whilst the paper has limitations, it is the largest and most in-depth study of commercial service charge practices at UK retail shopping centres.

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Wyldbore‐Smith, M. A. "Savings in service charges." Property Management 3, no. 1 (January 1985): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb006586.

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Brown, Nancy E., and Sophia A. Rolle. "Tips versus Service Charges." Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 32, no. 1 (May 1991): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001088049103200118.

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Smith, Peter C. "Universal health coverage and user charges." Health Economics, Policy and Law 8, no. 4 (August 20, 2013): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133113000285.

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AbstractThere has been an explosion of interest in the concept of ‘universal health coverage’, fuelled by publication of the World Health Report 2010. This paper argues that the system of user charges for health services is a fundamental determinant of levels of coverage. A charge can lead to a loss of utility in two ways. Citizens who are deterred from using services by the charge will suffer an adverse health impact. And citizens who use the service will suffer a loss of wealth. The role of social health insurance is threefold: to reduce households’ financial risk associated with sickness; to promote enhanced access to needed health services; and to contribute to societal equity objectives, through an implicit financial transfer from rich to poor and healthy to sick. In principle, an optimal user charge policy can ensure that the social health insurance funds are used to best effect in pursuit of these objectives. This paper calls for a fundamental rethink of attitudes and policy towards user charges.

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Bierhanzl, Edward J. "Incentives for Efficiency: User Charges and Municipal Spending." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 17, no. 1 (April 1, 1999): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569299x15668906480838.

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Abstract User charges have been an increasingly important source of revenue tor local governments. Furthermore, it has been suggested in the public finance literature that user charge finance can increase the efficiency of local government service provision, with the evidence being a reduction of expenditures, ceteris paribus. This paper goes one step further, using an empirical test to distinguishing die quantity effect from the cost effect. An analysis of local sewer service demonstrates that greater reliance on user charge finance does not have a significant impact on the quantity of service provided, but does lead to reduced cost of service. The argument for user charges as an efficiency-enhancing mechanism is thereby strengthened.

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Pettit, P. H. "DAEJAN INVESTMENTS LTD V BENSON [2013] UKSC 14, [2013] 1 WLR 854, [2013] 2 ALL ER 375." Denning Law Journal 26 (September 25, 2014): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v26i0.927.

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In this important case on the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 (as amended by the Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002) the Supreme Court, by a bare majority, allowed the appeal against the decision of a Leasehold Valuation Tribunal (LVT) which had been affirmed by, first, the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber), and, secondly, by the Court of Appeal. Almost all long leases of flats contain an obligation on the landlord (or a service company) to provide services, such as repairing the exterior and common parts of the block, and a concomitant obligation on the tenants to pay service charges. The right of the landlord to recover such service charges depends on the terms of the particular lease, but the 1985 Act and the Service Charges (Consultation Requirements)(England) Regulations 2003 impose certain statutory requirements and restrictions on a landlord, which impinge on its ability to recover service charges. These requirements are designed to ensure that tenants of flats are not required (i) to pay for unnecessary services or services which are provided to a defective standard, and (ii) to pay more than they should for services which are necessary and have been provided to an acceptable standard.

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Holt, Andrew. "Commercial service charge accounting and audit: a review." Facilities 33, no. 7/8 (May 5, 2015): 502–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-10-2013-0078.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critique the accounting and auditing requirements of the 2011 RICS Code of Practice, Service Charges in Commercial Property and examines whether the new 2014 version of the RICS Code and its associated accounting guidance note provide a “best practice” framework for service charge accounting and audit. This theoretical discussion is then applied to empirical data obtained from a sample of UK commercial office properties to assess whether current practices used by managing parties for the preparation and review of service charge reconciliation certificates actually embody the principles of best practice. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses inductive reasoning to theorise about how the accounting and auditing of commercial service charges might be improved. The paper also uses a deductive approach to identify whether current commercial service charges accounting and audit practices achieve a theoretical level of best practice. The paper reviews a range of secondary literature and utilises hand-collected data from the service charge documents provided to commercial leaseholders. Findings – The paper finds deficiencies within the RICS Code’s requirements for service charge accounting and audit. As a result, empirical evidence is found suggesting that UK commercial service charge accounting and audit practices are inconsistent, lack transparency and provide poor levels of negative assurance for tenants. Research limitations/implications – Content analysis requires subjective interpretation on behalf of the researcher. Originality/value – Data are original to this research and provide a unique insight as to the accounting and audit practices used by facilities managers, managing agents, accountants and independent auditors within the commercial property sector.

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Gebregiorgs, Merhatbeb. "Towards Sustainable Waste Management through Cautious Design of Environmental Taxes: The Case of Ethiopia." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 30, 2018): 3088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093088.

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This research examines the viability of the design of environmental taxes in the achievement of sustainable waste management in the Addis Ababa Administration (AAA) of Ethiopia. It has employed an empirical qualitative method. It first shows the mutual contribution of the achievement of waste management to the progress of sustainable sanitation and water resource management. Secondly, it displays the distributive and incentive roles of environmental taxes in the achievement of sustainable waste management. Thirdly, it indicates that a cautious design of the source, base, scope and rate of environmental taxes is a critical determinant for environmental taxes’ overall success in addressing the prevalent waste mismanagement in Ethiopia. Fourthly, it demonstrates that in the AAA: (1) The sources of solid waste collection, landfill, sewerage service and effluent charges are subject to the principle of legality; (2) the scope of solid waste collection, landfill, sewerage service and effluent charges is appropriate; (3) while the base of sewerage service and effluent charges is efficient, the base of solid waste and landfill charges is not at all efficient; and (4) while the rates of solid waste, landfill and sewerage service charges are slightly optimal, the rate of the effluent charge has not yet developed. Fifthly, it reveals that, having a somewhat viable design, solid waste, landfill and sewerage service charges are marginally reinforcing the aspiration of Ethiopia to achieve sustainable sanitation. Sixthly, it uncovers that because Ethiopia has not yet developed the rate of effluent charge, effluent charge is neither internalizing the cost of water resource degradation nor incentivizing sustainable water resource management. Finally, it implies that the aspiration of Ethiopia to achieve sustainable sanitation and water resource management by 2030 is contingent on the cautious design of its waste management taxes.

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Wyldbore‐Smith, Michael. "Service charges – who needs them?" Property Management 8, no. 3 (March 1990): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000003370.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Service charges"

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Shiu, Wan-yee Ruby. "An evaluation on 2007 obstetric service policy in Hong Kong a solution to the service-seeking behaviour of Mainland pregnant women? /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38598358.

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Sun, Xiaoduan. "Flying capacities, optimal fleet sizes, break-even flight charges for helicopter medical emergency service /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487858106117557.

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Torcq, Marie-Josée. "Elaboration d'un cahier des charges d'un service d'accueil et d'urgences : application a l'informatisation du service d'urgences du chg de valenciennes." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M253.

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Cheung, Lam-chau. "User charges : a new way for funding social welfare services in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17508435.

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Ngxongo, Malusi. "Non-payment of municipal rates and service charges with reference to the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan municipality." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/258.

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The local government sphere is comprised of municipalities whose functions include the provision of consumer services. A substantial portion of municipal revenue, which is also used for service provision, is derived from rates and service charges. Through the billing process, the municipality stipulates the amount due to be paid by each account holder. In the case of rates and consumer tariffs, this usually occurs on a monthly basis. Towards the end of 2002, overdue rates and service charges in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality amounted to over R800 million. In spite of various attempts undertaken by the municipality to collect overdue amounts, some residents are struggling to pay. Various reasons have been advanced for this scenario. However non-payment of rates and service charges has a negative impact on municipal budget and service delivery. Probably, if alternatives to the current credit control and revenue collection processes could be found, non-payment of rates and service charges could be eliminated.

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Cheung, Lam-chau, and 張林秋. "User charges: a new way for funding social welfare services in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964904.

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Jabri, Issam. "Gestion dynamique des topologies sans fils." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00342847.

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La problématique de la qualité de service dans les réseaux locaux sans fils IEEE 802.11 demeure l'un des défis délicats à surmonter par la communauté scientifique. L'étude et l'évaluation des approches apportés pour le support de QoS dans ce type de réseaux que ce soit par des simulations, des modèles analytiques ou des mesures réelles montre que ces approches sont toujours insuffisantes pour apporter des vraies garanties de qualité de services aux utilisateurs sans fils. Suite à des travaux effectués au CRAN qui ont porté sur l'équilibrage des charges dans les réseaux Ethernet industriels nous avons opté pour une méthode d'équilibrage de charges dans le contexte des réseaux hotspots 802.11. L'objectif de cette approche étant d'équilibrer les charges des points d'accès pour satisfaire aux besoins en termes de qualité de service de l'ensemble des applications sans fils. Ces besoins sont exprimés en termes de disponibilité, de délais, de bande passante...Nous avons alors définis un algorithme d'équilibrage de charges pouvant établir dynamiquement des associations optimales entre les utilisateurs présents dans un hotspot et les points d'accès en service. Un protocole d'échanges entre les stations sans fils et les points d'accès et entre ces derniers et le serveur d'équilibrage de charges a été établi. Le fonctionnement de ce protocole a été vérifié et simulé en utilisant les outils SDL et MSC. Pour l'évaluation de la performance de l'approche d'équilibrage par rapport à la méthode d'accès de base du protocole, un ensemble de simulations ont été effectués. Ces simulations effectuées sur OPNET montrent que cette approche permet d'améliorer un ensemble de paramètres de qualité de service perçue par les utilisateurs d'un réseau Hotspot.

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Shiu, Wan-yee Ruby, and 邵韻儀. "An evaluation on 2007 obstetric service policy in Hong Kong: a solution to the service-seeking behaviourof Mainland pregnant women?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38598358.

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Zondani, Nosiphiwo V. "An evaluation of the relationship between payment of rates and service charges and the capacity of the municipality to deliver services with reference to Mnquma local municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/862.

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Various allegations have been levelled against certain local authorities in South Africa. These allegations include poor governance, maladministration, corruption and poor service delivery. Some of the South African municipalities are unable to deliver sufficient services to the people due to financial instability. On the other side the fact that the municipalities have to generate their own revenue is no longer sufficient. However, government, both national and provincial has to support the municipalities in terms of their capacity to provide services. While government has to provide services to the people to ensure their welfare, people from local communities should also support the continuous provision of `these services by paying for municipal rates and services. These may include services such as water, refuse removal and electricity as well as property taxes. The main issue is that these services are not readily available, for instance water has to be purified. The situation at Mnquma Local Municipality as indicated in the financial and other reports is such that there is a very slow payment of rates and services, which leads to the municipality relying mostly on government grants, and this puts a heavy strain on service delivery by the municipality. Seemingly, it has been long that rates and services have not been paid in Butterworth-even before the restructuring of the municipality (i.e. before the Mnquma Municipality came into being). However, if alternatives could be found to enhance regular payment of rates and services the municipality might improve in terms of its capacity to deliver services.

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Rusterholtz, Thierry. "Evaluation de la qualite des soins dans un service d'urgence : nouvelle approche theorique ; etablissement d'un cahier des charges a l'hopital de nantes." Nantes, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NANT086M.

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Books on the topic "Service charges"

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Centre, Camden Housing Aid, ed. Service charges. London: Camden Housing Aid Centre, 1986.

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Stapleton, Tim. Service charges. London: Henry Stewart Publications, 1985.

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Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, ed. Service charges. 2nd ed. Coventry: RICS Books, 2008.

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Tristan, McGee, and University of Reading. College of Estate Management., eds. Service charges in property. Reading: College of Estate Management, 1985.

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Chambers, Tanfield. Service charges and management. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2013.

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Margaret, Barrett, and University of Reading. College of Estate Management., eds. Service charges in property. Reading: College of Estate Management, 1986.

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Wisconsin. Legislature. Legislative Audit Bureau. Charges for video service. Madison, Wis: Legislative Audit Bureau, 2009.

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Service, Fife (Scotland) Planning. Planning Service charges and publications. Glenrothes: Fife Council, 1998.

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Freedman, Philip. Service charges: Law and practice. Bristol: Jordans, 1994.

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Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy. and CIPFA Statistical Information Service, eds. Housing rents service charges statistics. London: CIPFA Statistical Information Service, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Service charges"

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Wilkie, Margaret, Peter Luxton, Jill Morgan, and Godfrey Cole. "Service charges and insurance." In Landlord and Tenant Law, 133–39. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-21118-6_12.

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Fichert, Frank. "Air navigation service provider charges." In Air Traffic Management, 151–67. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429318856-8.

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Frezza, Eldo E. "Healthcare Exclusivity Service, Charges, and Reimbursement Ratio." In The Healthcare Collapse, 87–94. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2019.: Productivity Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429506925-15.

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"Buzzy" Basch, N. Bernard, and Judy McQueen. "Stretching the Acquisitions Budget by Negotiating Subscription Agency Service Charges." In Legal and Ethical Issues in Acquisitions, 129–33. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315859668-14.

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Benton, J. Edwin. "Charges for Services." In Revenue Sources of Local Governments, 152–92. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032640389-6.

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Daithankar, Jayant. "Service Charge Settlements." In SAP Flexible Real Estate Management, 73–112. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-1482-4_6.

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Martinez, J. Michael. "Charles G. Dawes (1865–1951)." In Public Service Exemplars, 77–85. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003267423-9.

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Oringer, Keith, and Michael Hymanson. "Charles R. Schneider." In Legends of the Security Services Industry, 107–25. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003285564-10.

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Enders, Tobias, and Ronny Schüritz. "Capturing the Value: How to Charge for Smart Services." In Smart Service Management, 75–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58182-4_7.

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Baselski, Vickie S., Alice S. Weissfeld, and Fran Sorrell. "Charges and Fees for Laboratory Services." In Clinical Laboratory Management, 646–53. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817282.ch37.

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Conference papers on the topic "Service charges"

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Vodžák, Milan, and Matúš Materna. "Differences in approaches to charging for air navigation services in selected countries of the world regions." In Práce a štúdie. University of Zilina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/pas.z.2021.2.41.

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The work analyzes and finds out the difference in the charging systems of air navigation service providers in selected countries of the world regions, which is the main financial and economical factor to cover the costs of providing air navigation services. It deals with various charging systems in selected regions of the world by specific air navigation service providers of countries (China, Mexico and the Eurocontrol area), and identifies howindividual differences in charging systems act in total amount of en-route charges. In general, the key factor for considering air navigation service providers is the price of services, but in our work we also deal with the influence of the distance factor on the total amount of the charge and the weight factor, which can be determined in different regions of the world by various approaches. These are two ways determining the number of providers' services which are subsequently subject to a price per unit of that service. The finding of the work is that charging systems for air navigation services which use categorization methods of maximum take-off weight (wingspan), which have the ability to influence the total amount of charges by two factors, first is a unit rate (price) of individual categories, and the second is a change in size of category. Unlike charging systems, where the uniform formula is used to calculate the weighting factor, only changes in the value of the unit rate can be used to change charges.

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"BENCHMARKING OF SERVICE CHARGES - THE ANALYSIS TOOL IMMOBENCH.DE." In 2006 European Real Estate Society conference in association with the International Real Estate Society: ERES Conference 2006. ERES, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2006_313.

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Housa, Juraj, and Matúš Materna. "Analysis of the air navigation service charging system in the USA and Canada." In Práce a štúdie. University of Žilina, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/pas.z.2022.1.19.

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This paper deals with analysis of the air navigation service charging system in the USA and Canada. General information about air navigation service providers is explained here. In the paper are described FAA ATO´s and NAV CANADA´s history, organizational structure, financing and air navigation service charges. And there are practical calculations of charges collected in the USA and Canada.

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"REVEALING THE COST DRIVERS FOR SERVICE CHARGES - A STATISTICAL APPROACH." In 15th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2008. ERES, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2008_176.

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"e-Commerce Game Model - Balancing Platform Service Charges with Vendor Profitability." In 16th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004888406130619.

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Naldi, Maurizio, and Giuseppe D'Acquisto. "When free riding is the best choice: The case of network charges for content providers." In 2013 9th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cnsm.2013.6727851.

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Radzi, N. H., R. C. Bansal, Z. Y. Dong, and M. Y. Hassan. "A modified postage-stamp coverage method for local load case of transmission service charges." In 2011 4th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drpt.2011.5993921.

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Anggraini, Nenny, Andrew Fiade, and Miftahul Fauzan. "Flow measurement of charges and electricity costs monitoring system with android based Iot (case study: Boarding house Adelina)." In 2017 5th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/citsm.2017.8089275.

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Lummi, K., J. Koskela, and P. Järventausta. "Development possibilities of distribution network service charges of low-voltage customers - apartment houses as energy communities." In 27th International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2023). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2023.1022.

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Pons-Rigat, Aleix, Mateu Turró Calvet, and Lluís Ubalde Claver. "Applying the polluter-pays principle to rail: Environmental differentiation of rail access charges." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4050.

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Environmental charges to rail service operators are still at an early stage of implementation in Europe. Current schemes are dissimilar and most of them have a very limited scope or do not provide effective incentives to abate environmental impacts. This is due to several practical difficulties in implementing internalisation pricing schemes in the railway sector. The first difficulty arises from the lack of internalisation in other transport modes and the small competitive margin of railways. Increasing the overall level of rail charges could affect their survival. A second difficulty is due to the uncertainties in the valuation of external costs and in the establishment of the optimal level of charges. On top of that, the imperfect competition in the rail market and its operational and financial rigidities imply that pricing decisions could be unfair and produce undesired demand effects. These difficulties should not prevent, however, advancing towards the application to rail of adequate charging methods for its environmental costs. This paper addresses the problem of setting environmentally differentiated rail charges through an analytical approach. A generalised formulation is developed that sets the level of charges as a function of the degree of internalisation in other modes. Then, the optimal trade-off in the level of differentiation is assessed to extract general guidelines. Based on this, both the derived overall costs and benefits and the impacts on each agent are quantified.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4050

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Reports on the topic "Service charges"

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Perry, Mark, and Robert P. Durkee. Determination of Tripler Army Medical Center Outpatient Service and Ambulatory Procedure Charges to the Veterans Administration for Fiscal Year 2000. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408313.

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Sander, Paul M. A Study to Determine the Tripler Army Medical Center Urology Clinic's FY 2001 Outpatient Service Charges to the Veterans Administration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada420409.

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Jimenez Mori, Raul Alberto. Are Blackout Days Free of Charge?: Valuation of Individual Preferences for Improved Electricity Services. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011804.

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Low-quality infrastructure services are persistent in developing countries, a situation mainly affecting the poorest households in contexts of high rates of informal access and heavily subsidized services. This paper exploits choice experiments, specifically designed for formal and informal users, to examine whether households in this situation are willing to pay for electricity service improvements. The analysis takes place in urban Dominican Republic, a country with one of the highest rates of electricity theft and lowest quality of services. The results strongly indicate that households value service improvements, showing average willingness to pay around US$9 for informal users, and 22 percent for formal users with service deficiencies. The estimated valuations are significantly heterogeneous across households, and such variance is mainly explained by household income, satisfaction with the electricity service, and household characteristics, such as family size and dwelling size. These results indicate substantial welfare losses derived from low-quality electricity services equivalent to over 35 percent of the direct fiscal subsidy to the utilities.

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Keane, Claire, Sean Lyons, Mark Regan, and Brendan Walsh. HOME SUPPORT SERVICES IN IRELAND: EXCHEQUER AND DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACTS OF FUNDING OPTIONS. ESRI, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat111.

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A new statutory scheme for the provision of home support services is currently being developed by the Department of Health. Research has shown that access to home support services varies across the country. The new scheme aims to tackle this issue to ensure equitable access to home support services nationwide and is part of wider reform of Ireland’s health and social care systems as envisaged in the Sláintecare report and Department of Health action plans. Publicly funded home support services in Ireland are currently provided free of charge for recipients, unlike long-term residential or nursing home care, which involves a contribution from residents. In 2019, the HSE’s Older Persons’ Services provided care to 53,000 people at a cost of €440 million. It is anticipated that demand for home support services may increase under the new scheme, for example if unmet demand is met or if the new scheme results in more people being able to remain in their own home, substituting away from long-term residential care. Any increased demand would result in an increased cost, which may also rise as the population ages. This report examines the possible introduction of co-payments for home support services. We focus on the likely Exchequer impact of a range of different funding scenarios along with the distributional, poverty and inequality impacts of such charges. Due to data limitations, and the fact that the majority of home support services are provided to older age groups, we focus on those aged 65 years and over. Regarding co-payments we examine the impact of flat-rate charges for users, regardless of means, as well as co-payments for home support recipients above a variety of income levels. The tapering of payments is also examined to ensure that individuals just over a specific income threshold would see co-payments gradually increasing as their income rises. We also consider the capping of co-payments so that those needing a high number of home support hours would not potentially face very high costs.

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Esparza and Westine. L51482 Well Casing Response to Buried Explosive Detonations. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010272.

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Occasionally, buried explosives are used within proximity of producing oil and gas wells which increases the stresses in the casing near the explosion which may result in failure of the well. A procedure was needed for predicting the maximum stresses in producing oil and gas wells, specifically the well casing, induced by nearby, buried, explosive detonations. An extensive experimental and analytical program were funded and performed over a six (6) year period 1975-1981. The program was divided into two (2) parts: In the first part, similitude theory, empirical analyses and test data were used to derive equations for estimating maximum ground displacement and particle velocity. The ground motions provided the forcing function imparted to a buried pipeline. In the second part, similitude theory, conservation of mass and momentum, and approximate energy methods were used to derive functional relationships for the maximum pipe strains and stresses. Experimental data from more than sixty (60) field tests ere used to develop equations for estimating maximum pipe stresses induced by point and parallel line explosive sources buried in homogeneous soil media. The pipe stress and ground motion data from these experiments were used to develop an equation for computing an effective standoff distance so that the point source soil equations could be used to approximate the casing response. The large amount of data used and the wide range of these data make the solutions applicable to most blasting situations near producing oil and gas wells. This report provides comprehensive and detailed information for pipeline as well as oil and gas operators to predict the effect of buried explosives and thus the safety of a well(s) while in-service through proper assessment of stresses and guidelines for the appropriate selection of explosive charges, techniques and methods. This will avoid unexpected damages, operational costs, provide guidance for \operator qualification\" for blasting near in-service wells and minimize liabilities to the operator.

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Chavez, Deborah J., and Joanne F. Tynon. Forest Service special agent in charge report: nationwide study. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-rp-253.

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Oxman, Andy. What are the impacts of changes in user fees on access to health services? SUPPORT, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/1703113.

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User fees are charges paid by users of healthcare services at the point of use. They are supposed to help reduce ‘frivolous’ use of health services, as well as raise revenue to pay for services. If used appropriately, user fees might also motivate health professionals and improve the quality of care. However, they might also reduce appropriate use of services.

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Wang, Victoria, Melanie Leung-Gagné, Hanna Melnick, and Marjorie Wechsler. Universal prekindergarten expansion in California: Progress and opportunitites. Learning Policy Institute, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54300/597.103.

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This report provides an update on UPK implementation across the state through an analysis of survey responses from 1,384 LEAs, which represent almost all (95%) public school districts and two thirds (65%) of charter schools that serve elementary grades. Findings provide insights into LEAs’ progress in UPK implementation related to service delivery models, facilities and transportation, instruction and assessment, strategies to support student needs, workforce development, implementation challenges, and technical assistance needs.

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Vaillancourt, François, and Michel Magnan. Le partage du financement des services de l’agglomération de Montréal en 2020: État des lieux, analyse et éléments de comparaison. CIRANO, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/cvub5177.

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Ce texte se divise en quatre parties. La première présente l’agglomération de Montréal, ses dépenses et ses mécanismes de financement. L’agglomération crée en 2006 couvre le territoire administratif de l’île de Montréal. Ce territoire englobe la Ville de Montréal (qui regroupe 88% de la population) et 15 municipalités de banlieue. En 2020, les principales dépenses de l’agglomération comprennent les services policiers (28%), le transport en commun (25%), le service d’incendie (16%) et le service d’eau (10%). Son financement se fait par quotes-parts. Ces dernières reflètent à plus de 90 % la répartition de la richesse foncière entre les municipalités membres. Les municipalités de banlieue s’exprimant par leur association jugent leur contribution au financement des dépenses d’agglomération trop élevée. La deuxième partie du rapport présente les grands principes pouvant être utilisés pour choisir le mode de financement des services publics. On y examine comment les services de l’agglomération génèrent plus ou moins d’externalités et correspondent plus ou moins à la notion de bien collectif. La troisième partie présente des exemples de formule de partage des coûts entre municipalités pour cinq services publics : police, incendie, transport en commun, matières résiduelles et eau. La dernière partie indique que l’insatisfaction des banlieues ne s’explique pas par une détérioration de leur situation à travers le temps. L’utilisation de la population dans le calcul des quotes-parts ne constitue pas une pratique plus équitable que les valeurs foncières, mais peut représenter un compromis advenant un nouveau partage de la charge fiscale entre les municipalités.

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Lenahan, Jack. The Data Warehouse in Service Oriented Architectures and Network Centric Warfare (Briefing Charts). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada464283.

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