To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Service float skills.
Journal articles on the topic 'Service float skills'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Service float skills.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Novianingsih, Bethi, and Djoko Pekik Irianto. "The effect of training method and strength of the hands muscle towards float serve in volleyball extracurricular." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 9, no. 2 (2019): 30–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2555533.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Novianingsih Bethi</strong><strong>, Irianto Djoko Pekik</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>The effect of training method and </strong><strong>strength</strong><strong> of the hands muscle towards float serve in volleyball extracurricular</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> </strong><strong>Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>):</strong><strong>30</strong><strong>-</strong><strong>43</strong><strong>. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI</strong><strong> </strong><strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2555533</strong> <strong>http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/65</strong><strong>54</strong> <strong>https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/902063</strong> <strong>The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part </strong><strong>b</strong><strong> item 1223 (26/01/2017).</strong> <strong>1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport e</strong><strong>issn</strong><strong> 2391-8306 7</strong> <strong>© The Authors 2019;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: </strong><strong>1</strong><strong>6</strong><strong>.01.2019. Revised: </strong><strong>30</strong><strong>.01.2019. Accepted: </strong><strong>0</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>.0</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>.2019.</strong> <strong>THE EFFECT OF TRAINING METHOD AND STRENG</strong><strong>T</strong><strong>H OF</strong> <strong>THE HANDS MUSCLE TOWARDS FLOAT SERVE IN</strong> <strong>VOLLEYBALL EXTRACURRICULAR</strong> <strong>Bethi Novianingsih</strong><sup><strong><sup>1</sup></strong></sup><strong>, Djoko Pekik Irianto</strong><sup><strong><sup>2</sup></strong></sup> <strong>Abstract</strong> <strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of the research is to find out: 1) the different of training method influence towards volley ball float serve skills on male students of volleyball extracurricular in Bantul 1 senior high school, Bantul 2 senior high school and Bambanglipuro 1 senior high school; 2) the different of strenght of the hands muscle influence towards volley ball float serve skill on male students of volleyball extracurricular in Bantul 1 senior high school, Bantul 2 senior high school and Bambanglipuro 1 senior high school; 3) Strenght of the hands muscle and training method interactions towards volleyball float serve skill on male students of volleyball extracurricular in Bantul 1 senior high school, Bantul 2 senior high school and Bambanglipuro 1 senior high school. <strong>Methods:</strong> This research is an experimental research with 2x2 factorial designs, using pretest and posttest. Sample which used in this research is total of 40, divided into 2 groups of high and low depends on the test result from attributive variable (high group 20 and low group 20). Instrument measurement for strength of the muscle hands using pull and push dynamometer, with the score of validity of 0.63 and the score of reliability of 0.63. Service float skill measurements using<em> AAHPER serving accuracy test, </em>with the test validity score of 0.920 and the score of reliability of 0.690. Technique for data analysis used in this research is normality test using <em>kolmogorov smirnov test, </em>homogeneity test variant using <em>levene’s test </em>and hypothesis research test using <em>two way anova </em>analysis. <strong>Results:</strong> The result of the research is: 1) the result of <em>two way anova</em> analysis on training method obtained the f score of 4.381 with significance score of 0.043; 2) the result of <em>two way anova </em>analysis on strength of muscle hands variable obtained F score of 9.038 with the significance score of 0.005; 3) the result of <em>Two Way Anova</em> analysis on interaction approach with hand eye coordination data obtained the F score of 13.625 with the significance score of 0.001. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The conclution for this research is: 1) There is a significant influence from training method towards volley ball float serve skill on male students who join volleyball extracurricular in Bantul 1 senior high school, Bantul 2 senior high school and Bambanglipuro 1 senior high school; 2) There is a significant influence from strength of hands muscle towards volley ball float serve skill on male students who join volleyball extracurricular in Bantul 1 senior high school, Bantul 2 senior high school and Bambanglipuro 1 senior high school; 3) There is a significant interaction between training method and strenght of hands muscle towards volleyball float serve skill on male students who join volley ball extracurricular in Bantul 1 senior high school, Bantul 2 senior high school and Bambanglipuro 1 senior high school. <strong>Keywords: </strong><em>training methods</em>, <em>hand muscle strength</em>, <em>service float skills</em> 1 <sup></sup> <em><strong>Corresponding Author</strong></em>: Post Graduate Program, Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia, bethibowo@gmail.com <strong>ORCID ID</strong>: 0000-0001-7866-7217 2<sup></sup> Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia,<strong> </strong>djoko.pekik@yahoo.com
2
Honing, Nicky. "Asbestos and the skills gap." Journal of Building Survey, Appraisal & Valuation 13, no. 2 (2024): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.69554/lzhg9695.
Full textAbstract:
The asbestos sector is unique within the built environment. The history of asbestos extends well beyond the 100 years that we are commonly aware of. It is known to be one of the most devastating workplace killers, with figures released by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) demonstrating a current trend of approximately 5,000 deaths annually attributed to diseases caused by exposure to asbestos fibres. This paper looks at the highly specialised job roles that the industry struggles to attract fresh talent into. It summarises some of the statistics and make observations as to how asbestos continues to be a prevailing hazard affecting management, maintenance and modernisation of aging buildings across the UK. The aim is to continue to help educate the built environment sector about a unique culture of highly specialised persons that float between and around the realms of inspection, testing, certification, occupational hygiene, health and safety, and construction and demolition. The paper comments on the position of the industry in the current economic climate and proposes a change of attitude and understanding to progress and ensure the risk to human health posed by asbestos continues to be reduced and quality of service delivery improved.
3
Bubyr, Natalia, and Yuliia Prasul. "Distance learning technology in teaching geography course of continents and oceans in secondary general-education schools." 36, no. 36 (December 31, 2022): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2075-1893-2022-36-03.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this article. The purpose of the article is to highlight the possibilities and prospects of involving distance- learning technology in teaching geography course of continents and oceans in Ukrainian secondary general-education schools. The main material. The article considers the essence, use of theoretical and methodological principles of distance educational technologies in secondary general-education schools of Ukraine, including didactic principles of their application, approaches to the interpretation of the essence of the informational educational environment. The study highlights practical aspects of implementing the distance learning technology in teaching geography of 7th grade, characterizing the use of interactive and cloud services in geography, showing the advantages and disadvantages of implementing the distance learning technology in teaching geography course of continents and oceans. We interpret the term” distance learning technology” as a set of educational content for teaching and learning as well as a number of pedagogical and technological methods/technologies allowing us to implement the remote learning in synchronous or asynchronous modes. The educational environment includes informational (educational) content, control/ correction’ content of study material; informational and reference content, etc. We use Bloom’s modified taxonomy as a conceptual foundation to implement distance - learning technology. Based on it, we should develop the tools for controlling knowledge and skills as well as monitor the effectiveness of these knowledge/skills assimilation. When teaching geography in the 7th grade, it is recommended to use both adapted versions of “classical” pedagogical methods, in particular case technologies, flipped classroom technologies, mixed learning technologies, as well as the closest to distance learning - TV and network technologies, widely used in Ukraine since March 2020 p. The most common in Ukraine is the synchronous teaching format, which means conducting lessons in real time by using video conferences on ZOOM, Google Meet, WebEx platforms. On the other hand, the asynchronous format, which means the distance- learning course development by teachers, is not so popular due to insufficiently formed digital and information-communication competences of the majority of teachers. Because of this, it is difficult for teachers to master online tools of a modern teacher, in particular, eTreniki, Learningapps, and WWW services. Interactive network services such as the Seterra portal, the Geoguessr map service, the National Geographic service, the Barefoot World Atlas portal, provide many opportunities for the teacher during distance learning implementation, for example, interesting game tasks for learning the nomenclature, the ability to “float” around a 3D globe, etc. The use of cloud-based services, in particular Office365 and G Suite for Education (Google WorkSpace), allows teachers to systematize educational content and automate the verification of test tasks. The advantages of implementing the distance learning technology in teaching geography include supporting the educational process in emergency, increasing both individualization of learning, and the visibility in the teaching process. Disadvantages are the difficulty of perceiving the material by some students, dependence of the quality of learning on external conditions - availability of power supply, the Internet, modern gadgets. Conclusions and further research. Distance learning technology allows us to organize the remote (distant) learning, which is very important for continuing the educational process during a pandemic, martial law, or other situations when students cannot attend school. The teachers use mixed learning technologies, TV and network technologies in teaching geography in the 7th grade. The most common is synchronous learning, represented by online communication between the teacher and students in real time with video conferences, using ZOOM, Google Meet, WebEx, etc. services. The largest range of possibilities for teaching the course “Geography of Continents and Oceans” includes interactive online geography services, such as the Seterra portal, the Geoguessr cartographic service, Google maps, interactive online atlases, in particular the Barefoot World Atlas. Cloud services, in particular Office365 and G Suite for Education (oogle WorkSpace), include the availability of educational content in the form of presentations, textual, illustrative and other materials to be used during a distance lesson, as well as a set of online tools for a modern teacher. However, the majority of teachers have a low level of digital competence and cannot master them efficiently. When conducting distance geography lessons in the 7th grade, teachers should use tools for working with an interactive map (currently, these opportunities are very little used). When working with tools for making control tasks for students, the teachers should use the possibility of including photos and map images. The virtual whiteboard, which is a component of programs for conducting video conferences, allows teachers to organize work on the project in mini-groups. The prospective direction of our research is to keep working on studying the possibilities to implement Smart-education based on distance learning technology, which will contribute to formation of a Smart-society in Ukraine.
4
AS, Hasbunallah, and Ahmad Rum Bismar. "METODE MENGAJAR DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KETERAMPILAN SERVIS FLATTENIS LAPANGAN(STUDI EKSPERIMEN PADA MAHASISWA FIK UNM MAKASSAR)." COMPETITOR: Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga 12, no. 1 (2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/com.v12i1.13526.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this experimental study was todetermine the effect of all teaching methods, part, mixed and motivation result learning toward of flat service skill courts tennis. Learning motivation is divided into two parts, namely high andlow.This research was conducted at Faculty of Sport ScienceState University of Macassar,the academic year 2014/2015. Experimental using factorial design method 2x3. The sample consisted of 60 students were divided into 6 groups, each consisting of 10 students. Data analysis technique is a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's test at a significance level of α= 0.05. The results of this study indicate that ( (1) overall teaching methods higher effect of the part teacing methods on learning outcomes flat tennis service skills (2) overall teaching methods lower effect of the part teacing methods on learning outcomes flat tennis service skills, (3) overall teaching methods lower effect of the part teacing methods on learning outcomes flat tennis service skills,(4) there is interaction between the overall teaching methods, part teaching methods and combined teaching methods and learning motivation outcomes flat tennis service skills,(5) overall teaching methods higher effect of the part teacing methods on learning outcomes flat tennis service skillsusing a high learning motivation, (6) overall teaching methods lower effect of the part teacing methods on learning outcomes flat tennis service skillsusing a high learning motivation, (7) part teaching methods lower effect of the combined teacing methods on learning outcomes flat tennis service skillsusing a high learning motivation, (8) overall teaching methods higher effect of the part teacing methods on learning outcomes flat tennis service skillsusing a low learning motivation, (9) overall teaching methods lower effect of the part teacing methods on learning outcomes flat tennis service skillsusing a low learning motivation, (10) part teaching methods lower effect of the combined teacing methods on learning outcomes flat tennis service skillsusing a low learning motivation.
5
Dian Mawarda, Hafidz, and Nurhidayat Nurhidayat. "KETERAMPILAN SERVIS FLAT TENIS LAPANGAN (Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Latihan Bagian Pada Mahasiswa MBO UMS)." Jurnal Porkes 4, no. 2 (2021): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29408/porkes.v4i2.4651.
Full textAbstract:
The basic technique of serving is one of the basic techniques in tennis that must be mastered by every player, because to get points the game starts from serving with the aim of getting points. Serving when done well can be the key to winning, because success in serving to get points is greater than with defensive strokes. If the serve is weak, the chances of getting a point are reduced. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of section method training on service skills in flat MBO tennis UMS. The design in this study used One Group Pretest and Posttest Design with theas a test instrument Hewitt Tennis Achievement Test. The number of samples to be studied is as many as 10 people. The results of the analysis of the data indicates the acquisition of the skill level of the service flats MBO UMS tennis before being given treatment methods section, t test results obtained with t value that is greater than t table, 2.86 > 2,262, then there is a difference betweenimprovement. pretest and posttest The average result of the pretest was 8.4, while the average value of the posttest after being treated with theservice method flat for 16 meetings was 15.5. The difference between the average of the initial test (pretest) and the final test (posttest) is 7.1. The difference has increased, with a percentage increase of 84.52%. So the practice of theservice method flat has an effect of 84.52% on theservice skills flat on the MBO tennis court UMS.
6
Syafii, Muhammad, and Atika Febri Anggriani. "Penggunaan Medial Arch Support pada Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Siswa kepada Siswa, Guru, dan Orang Tua." jurnalempathy.com 1, no. 2 (2020): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37341/jurnalempathy.v1i2.25.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Gross motor skills are the ability to move limbs that involve nerves, bones, and muscles, to perform certain activities (balance standing, walking, running, and jumping). To be able to do this, a person needs a normal body structure including the foot. A person will experience obstacles when the foot has a structural abnormality, one of which is the flat foot. Flat foot is a condition where the foot does not have a normal arch / flat foot. One of the treatments performed on flat foot sufferers is by giving foot orthosis in the form of Medial Arch Support. Medial arch support is a tool used to improve stability and improve walking function. Methods: According to a preliminary study conducted at SDN 1 Tohudan there were 47 students from grades 3 to 6 who experienced flat foot. This is known from the results of early detection of flat foot carried out at SDN 1 Tohudan. The approach method to be chosen is (1) Assessment for early detection of flat foot conditions, (2) health promotion by training for students, parents, and teachers to increase knowledge about flat foot problems that have an impact on children's gross motor skills so it needs to be done. intervention with the use of medial arch support, with the aim of improving students' gross motor skills. Results: After community service activities run, the understanding of students, parents, and teachers who are the targets / targets in this activity gets better, they become better at understanding the basics of flat foot, which results in a decrease in gross motor skills and increasingly realizes the importance of handling it by using medial arch support. Conclusions: The implementation of community service activities can increase the knowledge of students, teachers and parents about the effect of using medial arch support on the gross motor skills of students with flat foot.
7
Mithas, Sunil, and Jonathan Whitaker. "Is the World Flat or Spiky? Information Intensity, Skills, and Global Service Disaggregation." Information Systems Research 18, no. 3 (2007): 237–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.1070.0131.
Full text
8
Wahyuni, Elly, Lusi Andriani, Epti Yorita, and Sri Yanniarti. "The Importance of Using Bra Breast Care (BBC) to Overcome Nipple Problems in Postpartum Mothers in Praktik Mandiri Bidan (PMB)." DIKDIMAS : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 3 (2022): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.58723/dikdimas.v1i3.46.
Full textAbstract:
Mother's Milk is the best food for newborns and is the only healthy food that babies need in the first months of life. Breastfeeding has many benefits for both mother and baby. One of the obstacles to breastfeeding is problems with the mother's breasts because it gives difficulties for the baby to breastfeed, including flat, sunken and blistered nipples.Research conducted by Jannah, et al (2018) thatthe duration of successful breastfeeding in the intervention group given the BBC was a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 6 days, while in the control group given a nipple puller it was longer, namely a minimum of 6 days and a maximum of 22 days. The statistical test results showed that there was a significant difference in the mean duration of successful breastfeeding in mothers with inverted nipples given the BBC modification with a p=0.00, the mean difference being 9.4. This means that the use of the BBC modification can accelerate the success of breastfeeding in mothers with inverted nipples 9.4 times compared to mothers with nipple puller intervention. This community service activity method uses an approach to increasing knowledge, skills through webinar zoom meetings and training. The results of filling out the pre and post test questionnaires showed that the average pretest value was 66, 76 to 85.44 with an increase in knowledge of 21.86%. In conclusion, there is an increase in the knowledge and skills of alumni to produce BBC which can be seen in the video on the process of making the BBC and there is an additional type of service at PMB, namely BBC marketing. It is recommended that PMB and alumni open businesses and have an entrepreneurial spirit so that they can create job opportunities for other alumni and provide services to breastfeeding mothers who have problems with flat, sunken and chafed nipples.
9
Lily, Netry Maria, Norlianti L. Tabun, and Matrheda Maarang. "Implementation of Collage Techniques to Improve Cognitive and Fine Motor Skills in Children Aged 4-6 Years." Abdi Masyarakat 6, no. 2 (2024): 504. https://doi.org/10.58258/abdi.v6i2.8185.
Full textAbstract:
Early childhood development is an essential period for establishing the groundwork and gaining abilities that will impact a child's life ahead. A child's growth is influenced by the stimulation they experience; when they receive adequate stimulation in their early years, children will mature and develop suitably for their age. Some of the essential areas of growth include cognitive abilities and fine motor skills. An engaging educational task that promotes both cognitive skills and fine motor abilities is creating collages. Collage consists of crafting art by adhering dry leaves or various materials to a flat surface or drawing with glue. This service seeks to present new strategies for children, promote imaginative learning techniques, and enhance the growth of cognitive and fine motor skills to guarantee healthy development. The service involved 30 children between the ages of 4 and 6 through techniques like parent socialization, training, and mentoring for children. The technique of creating collages was especially effective for improving cognitive and fine motor skills, as it allows children to enhance their problem-solving skills and reinforces their small muscle development.
10
Schmiedhofer, Martina, Frank Reister, Frank Louwen, Christoph Scholz, and Sonia Lippke. "White Paper: Erhöhung der Patientinnensicherheit in der Geburtshilfe durch Trainieren sicherer Kommunikation." Monitor Versorgungsforschung 16, no. 06 (2023): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24945/mvf.06.23.1866-0533.2566.
Full textAbstract:
Patient safety is the tenth national health target so-called strategic objectives in Germany. Although the topic has been on the health policy agenda for more than 20 years, the need for action remains high. In inpatient care, communication, both between professional groups and with patients, has a great impact on the reduction of so-called preventable adverse events. In a health services research project funded by the Innovation Fund of the G-BA (‚TeamBaby‘ grant number 01VSF18023), the effects of communication training on satisfaction, perceived communication skills and the reduction of preventable adverse events in obstetrics were examined. Even time-limited training sessions resulted in positive effects. Safe obstetric care, in addition to the physical health of mother and child, enhances satisfaction and strengthens family bonding for the entire family. It also increases satisfaction among professional teams. The regular implementation of communication training within working hours is therefore recommended to increase patient safety.
11
Whiteside, David, Bruce Elliott, Brendan Lay, and Machar Reid. "The Effect of Age on Discrete Kinematics of the Elite Female Tennis Serve." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 29, no. 5 (2013): 573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.29.5.573.
Full textAbstract:
The importance of the flat serve in tennis is well documented, with an abundance of research evaluating the service technique of adult male players. Comparatively, the female and junior serves have received far less attention. Therefore, the aims of this study were to quantify the flat serve kinematics in elite prepubescent, pubescent, and postpubescent female tennis players. Full body, racket, and ball kinematics were derived using a 22-camera Vicon motion capture system. Racket velocity was significantly lower in the prepubescent group than in the two older groups. In generating racket velocity, the role of the serving arm appears to become more pronounced after the onset of puberty, whereas leg drive and “shoulder-over-shoulder” rotation mature even later in development. These factors are proposed to relate to strength deficits and junior players’ intentions to reduce the complexity of the skill. Temporally, coupling perception (cues from the ball) and action (body movements) are less refined in the prepubescent serve, presumably reducing the “rhythm” (and dynamism) of the service action. Practically, there appears scope for equipment scaling to preserve kinematic relevance between the junior and senior serve and promote skill acquisition.
12
Fett, Janina, Nils Oberschelp, Jo-Lâm Vuong, Thimo Wiewelhove, and Alexander Ferrauti. "Kinematic characteristics of the tennis serve from the ad and deuce court service positions in elite junior players." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0252650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252650.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose According to the official rules of the International Tennis Federation, players have to serve alternately from two different positions: the deuce (right, D) and the ad court (left, AD) side. This study aimed to compare body and ball kinematics of flat serves from both service sides. Methods In a controlled, semi-court laboratory setting, 14 elite male junior players served eight flat first serves to a target field directed to the receiver’s body from both service positions in a matched and counterbalanced order. An 8-camera-Vicon-System was used to capture the 3D-landmark trajectories. Results The mean service velocity was found to be similar on both sides (D: 151.4 ± 19.8 vs. AD: 150.5 ± 19.4 km/h), while multiple characteristics of the serve and ball kinematics differed significantly (p < .05). At starting, the front-foot angle relative to the baseline (D: 39.7±17.6° vs. AD: 31.1±17.4°) and lateral distance between the feet (D: 16.3 ± 12.9 cm vs. AD: 26.2 ± 11.9 cm) were significantly different. During the service, upper torso range of motion from maximum clockwise rotation until impact was significantly greater on the deuce court (D: 130.5 ± 19.8° vs. AD: 126.7 ± 21.1°). This was especially pronounced in foot-back technique players. Further, differences in the lateral ball impact location (D: 30.0 ± 24.1 cm vs. AD: 10.3 ± 23.3 cm) were observed. Conclusions Changing the service side affects the serve and ball kinematics in elite junior tennis players. Our results underline biomechanical differences regarding the starting position (feet and upper torso) as well as the movement and ball kinematics which could be relevant for skill acquisition, injury prevention and performance enhancement.
13
Salon, Stefano, Gianpiero Cossarini, Giorgio Bolzon, et al. "Novel metrics based on Biogeochemical Argo data to improve the model uncertainty evaluation of the CMEMS Mediterranean marine ecosystem forecasts." Ocean Science 15, no. 4 (2019): 997–1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-15-997-2019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The quality of the upgraded version of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) biogeochemical operational system of the Mediterranean Sea (MedBFM) is assessed in terms of consistency and forecast skill, following a mixed validation protocol that exploits different reference data from satellite, oceanographic databases, Biogeochemical Argo floats, and literature. We show that the quality of the MedBFM system has been improved in the previous 10 years. We demonstrate that a set of metrics based on the GODAE (Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment) paradigm can be efficiently applied to validate an operational model system for biogeochemical and ecosystem forecasts. The accuracy of the CMEMS biogeochemical products for the Mediterranean Sea can be achieved from basin-wide and seasonal scales to mesoscale and weekly scales, and its level depends on the specific variable and the availability of reference data, the latter being an important prerequisite to build robust statistics. In particular, the use of the Biogeochemical Argo floats data proved to significantly enhance the validation framework of operational biogeochemical models. New skill metrics, aimed to assess key biogeochemical processes and dynamics (e.g. deep chlorophyll maximum depth, nitracline depth), can be easily implemented to routinely monitor the quality of the products and highlight possible anomalies through the comparison of near-real-time (NRT) forecasts skill with pre-operationally defined seasonal benchmarks. Feedbacks to the observing autonomous systems in terms of quality control and deployment strategy are also discussed.
14
LaFlamme, Marcel, and Shannon Kipphut-Smith. "Rescoping research through student-librarian collaboration: Lessons from the Fondren Fellows program." College & Research Libraries News 79, no. 1 (2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.79.1.20.
Full textAbstract:
Academic library professionals increasingly see student workers as full coparticipants in the design and delivery of library resources and services. For some librarians, this perspective grows out of a commitment to critical and feminist pedagogy,1 while for others, greater reliance on student workers in the face of flat or contracting budgets has led to the pragmatic realization that the “skills of student workers could be leveraged to advance the library in unexpected and invaluable ways.”2 This article examines how collaboration with students can take librarian-initiated research in new directions, drawing on the experiences of the coauthors (a library staff member and a graduate student) as part of the Fondren Fellows program at Rice University’s Fondren Library.
15
Nalajala, Narender, and Rachel Craig. "Leader’s behaviours for promoting innovation in a multidisciplinary musculoskeletal service." Leadership in Health Services 34, no. 2 (2021): 146–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-08-2020-0058.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Financial constraints, an increase in the demand for health-care from an ageing population, multiple comorbidities in both mental and physical health and delivering care closer to the community, are amongst the factors creating a need for innovation in the NHS. The purpose of this paper is to explore leader behaviours that promote innovation in a multidisciplinary musculoskeletal (MSK) service. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the experience and views of the multidisciplinary team (MDT) members on leadership and innovation. A total of 13 MDT members participated in the study. Findings Inter-professional collaboration and the absence of hierarchical behaviours are associated with a positive experience. Traditionally established hierarchy and inter-professional barriers for interaction were associated with challenging experience in MDT. There was an expression of fear of and vulnerability to being “taken over” or “eaten up” by other professions. Supportiveness, consulting behaviour, provision of time, vision and inspiring and risk-taking behaviours are associated with innovation. Target drove and monitoring behaviours or hierarchical expression of authority, directive or supervisory behaviours are negatively associated with innovation. Practical implications Day to day leader’s behaviours and interactions influences the work environment for innovation. Knowledge gained through Informal interaction, understanding each other’s professional strengths and weaknesses are implicit strengths of an MDT but when a member perceives their skills as less valuable to that of another member, they hold less power and influence. Therefore, a flat hierarchy provides a more effective structure for knowledge translation and maximising MDT productivity. Originality/value MSK services are complex adaptive systems with several pathways and interactions flowing between various specialities. For improving innovation and effective functioning of the MSK MDT, it is important to provide informal training for team leads on self-awareness of the behaviours associated with innovation.
16
Faroek, Dewi Astria, Ermin Ermin, Rezki Rezki, Virasanty Muslimah, La Jupriadi Fakhri, and Nur Miswar. "Digital Leadership Transformation in the Modern Era: Empowering Aisyiyah Mothers through Social Media." TRANSFORMASI : JURNAL PENGABDIAN PADA MASYARAKAT 4, no. 3 (2024): 413. https://doi.org/10.31764/transformasi.v4i3.28119.
Full textAbstract:
The community service program is an activity carried out to contribute to the community directly with the main objective of increasing understanding to the participants about digital leadership and providing direct training in the use of social media as a medium for da'wah. This activity was held at Nawa Flat, Sorong City, on September 16, 2024, attended by 30 Aisyiyah women participants. This activity was carried out offline in one meeting session using material delivery using the lecture method, question and answer sessions and direct training on the use of social media as a preaching medium using the Tiktok and Canva applications. The results obtained show an increase in participants' understanding and skills in utilizing digital technology for da'wah purposes. This program has an important meaning in empowering Aisyiyah women to be able to use social media effectively, so that it is expected to expand the reach of da'wah messages in the digital era.
17
Sarjana, Ketut, Muhammad Turmuzi, Nani Kurniati, Nurul Hikmah, and Ratna Yulis Tyaningsih. "Peningkatan Kemampuan Membuat Petunjuk Penggunaann Alat Peraga Menentukan Luas Daerah Bangun Datar Kepada Para Guru SD Di Kecamatan Labuapi." Unram Journal of Community Service 2, no. 1 (2021): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/ujcs.v2i1.23.
Full textAbstract:
Elementary school teachers in labuapi group II have never made instructions for the use of props. Do not use instructions, props alone have never been made. Knowledge of the manufacture of props and instructions are very poorly obtained and the opportunity to learn is also minimal. The objectives to be achieved in this devotional activity are: (1) Improving the knowledge of the teachers of SD Cluster II in Labuapi Subdistrict about the concept of area area and the principle of area area can be built through the concept of broad immortality; (2) Improve the skill of making instructions for using props to determine the area of data building. Devotion activities are carried out through the deepening of the concepts and principles of the area, especially the parameters of determining the area by means of presentation, demonstration, simulation and practice of designing a broad principle model media, and discussions in working groups and presentations about the media and guidelines that have been designed and demontrasi how it is used. The training results are very effective, this is shown to be a significant average difference between pretest and post-test results. Community Service activities that have been conducted turned out to be very effective, namely a change towards significant improvement. This can be shown by the difference in the pre-test average of 4.08 with a post-test average of 7.35. The test result t shows that = 15,286 > ttab = 2.03 at the signification level of 5 %. This also means that knowledge of the area of flat build area and the skills of designing media and operational guidelines of teachers in Cluster II Labuapi Subdistrict increased convincingly as shown by the average change
18
Naveed Bin Rais, Rao, Muhammad Rashid, Muaaz Zakria, Sajjad Hussain, Junaid Qadir, and Muhammad A. Imran. "Employing Industrial Quality Management Systems for Quality Assurance in Outcome-Based Engineering Education: A Review." Education Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11020045.
Full textAbstract:
With the world becoming flat with fluid boundaries, engineers have to be global in their outlook and their pedigree. Due to the need for international acceptance of engineering qualification, the incorporation of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) has become common and global accreditation treaties such as the Washington Accord have been ratified. Further, it becomes important, especially for an engineering university with a global outlook preparing its students for global markets, to ensure that its graduates attain the planned outcomes. Additionally, the higher education institutions need to make sure that all the stakeholders, including students, parents, employers, and community at large, are getting a quality educational service, where quality is categorized as (1) product-based ensuring that the graduate attained the planned outcomes and skills, and (2) process-based keeping an eye on whether the process is simple, integrated, and efficient. The development of quality movements, such as Total Quality Movement (TQM), Six Sigma, etc., along with quality standards such as ISO 9001 has been instrumental in improving the quality and efficiency in the fields of management and services. Critical to the successful deployment of a quality culture is the institutionalization of an integrated Quality Management System (QMS) in which formally documented processes work according to the Vision and Mission of an institute. At the same time, commitment to Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) to close the loop through effective feedback, would ensure that the planned outcomes are attained to the satisfaction of all the stakeholders, and that the process overall is improving consistently and continuously. The successful adoption of quality culture requires buy-in from all the stakeholders (and in particular, the senior leadership) and a rigorous training program. In this paper, we provide a review of how a QMS may work for the provision of quality higher education in a 21st-century university.
19
Coombes, A. G. A., and C. D. Greenwood. "Memory plastics for prosthetic and orthotic applications." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 12, no. 3 (1988): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093648809079398.
Full textAbstract:
Shrink forming prosthetic sockets from memory plastics offers several advantages over existing techniques. The manual skill requirement is reduced relative to drapeforming flat sheet while compared with the Rapidform process, the requirement for a purpose, built vacuum forming machine is eliminated. Two methods for producing thermoplastic sockets from heat snrinkable preforms are described. One uses established heat shrink technology and crosslinked thermoplastics. The second based on blowmoulding simplifies preform manufacture relative to existing techniques by reducing it to a single stage operation. Shrink formed sockets have been produced for three application areas concerned with the lower limb namely load bearing sockets, flexible ISNY type and rigid transparent check sockets. Static testing has demonstrated the ability of shrink formed, load bearing sockets to surpass Philadelphia Static Load Levels (ISPO, 1978) while fatigue testing has indicated a capability for long service life.
20
Sapiyev, B. S., and M. A. Muratbekova. "FEATURES OF USING THE GEOGEBRA APPLICATION IN CALCULATING THE AREA OF FLAT FIGURES." Q A Iasaýı atyndaǵy Halyqaralyq qazaq-túrіk ýnıversıtetіnіń habarlary (fızıka matematıka ınformatıka serııasy) 29, no. 2 (2024): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2024-2/2524-0080.02.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract and teaching basic principles of the distinctive features of using the GeoGebra application when calculating a plot of flat shapes are revised in the article. Demonstrating the latest and also unique configurations, methods and methods of the concept of the training used material together with the target of attracting students of the 9th grade to the discipline geometry, increasing the productivity of mastering the training used material in addition, the current software provision has mainly changed the property of geometry lessons. Currently, it is difficult to imagine training in the absence of dialog modifications. One of the factors according to which it is difficult to master planimetry as well as stereometry is that the discipline is abstract. In the experimental work, it is presented that one of the methods of visualization of arithmetic, implementation in its movement is considered to be the use of the GeoGebra computer sphere. For this reason, in order to increase the interest and interest of students in arithmetic, along with the use of the latest technologies when conducting experimental activities, a GeoGebra software supplement was introduced into the lesson. In the process of studying, students were interviewed about the performance of GeoGebra projects. According to the results of the sample survey, it turned out that according to the results of the questionnaire, the students were able to realize and implement the tasks in absolute terms, introducing into their interest in geometry, independent selection, service along with additional literature, as well as basic skills according to programming. According to the results of the studies, it was presented that the use of the GeoGebra supplement in the calculation of the section of thin persons in geometry tasks is productive.
21
Corbalán de Celis y Durán, Juan. "Los servicios del capitán Miguel de Perea en la armada de guarda de la flota de Indias." Aldaba, no. 40 (December 15, 2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/aldaba.40.2015.20567.
Full textAbstract:
El capitán Miguel de Perea, soldado que se moverá en el arte de la guerra entre los conocimientos de la Edad Media y el Renacimiento, será capaz de emplearse en los distintos ramos de la milicia, siendo un militar reconocido en su tiempo por dos hechos de cierta importancia que protagonizó en su carrera militar, la toma del estandarte real en la batalla de Noáin, y la captura de una nao del rey de Francia. Hoy se le recuerda sobre todo por sus trabajos como ingeniero en las defensas de Melilla. Tras una breve semblanza del personaje, nos adentramos en sus servicios en la armada de guarda, detallando su viaje a Canarias y la toma de dicha nao, deshaciendo el error de la noticia recogida sobre su enfrentamiento a una numerosa escuadra francesa, y terminamos con una reseña sobre su estancia y fallecimiento en Melilla.Captain Miguel de Perea, army man who navigate in the art of war between the knowledge and skills of the middle Ages and the Renaissance. Was proficient in all the different branches of the army, being valued because of two fairly important facts that he achieved during his carrier. The capturing of the Royal banner at the battle of Noáin and the capture of one caravel owned by the King of France. Today is remembered mainly because of his work as an engineer on Melilla fortifications. After a short biographical sketch of the figure, we enter in detail of his service at the guard fleet, detailing his trip to the Canary Island and the capturing of the caravel, clarifying the errors on the news saying about confronting a large French fleet. Concluding with a review about his time and decease in Melilla.
22
Ruan, Jilong, Bin Wang, HaO Wang, and Mingxiang Yang. "Analysis of the Technical and Tactical Characteristics of Li Shifeng in 2023." Journal of Social Science Humanities and Literature 7, no. 3 (2024): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.53469/jsshl.2024.07(03).13.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To explore and understand the skills and tactics used by the world's top badminton players in the competition, so that ordinary badminton lovers can understand and use the skills and tactics of badminton, improve the level of skills and combat, and expect to provide reference for improving the skills and tactics of the athlete Li Shifeng. Methods: Using the literature method, video observation method and mathematical statistics method, we analyzed the serve, reception, front court ball processing, midfield ball processing, back court ball processing and gain and loss in the competition, and summarized the characteristics of his skills and tactics in the competition. Conclusion: 1) Li Shifeng's serve is mainly backhand ball, and the serve is concentrated in areas 1 and 5 in front court; other areas are involved but not frequently. At present, there is a tendency of men's singles in badminton. 2) Li Shifeng's use of receiving service skills and tactics is mainly to rub and put the net and pick the ball, while the use of other technical balls is involved but not much. He has a high sense of defense, but also actively attack, trying to break free of the control of the opponent, actively strive for the initiative of the game, so the net in the return stage is also particularly important. 3) The use of forward ball skills often requires more energy into dealing with the opponent's return to gain the chance to dominate the game. Li Shifeng's front court attack is more active, like to rub the ball and pick the ball skills and tactics, so as to win the advantage in front of the net. 4) There is no obvious technical and tactical gap in the performance of Li Shifeng and his opponents in the midfield, and all the ball techniques are used. The straight line technology before the net is the most used, followed by the diagonal and pick the ball, and the flat ball is the lowest frequency. 5) Li Shifeng in the back using the ball and kill the ball tactical ability is better, the back is Li Shifeng in the back of the highest utilization technology, using the ball back, facilitate the best time to use the ball, and consciously and accurately control the point and Li Shifeng in the back is given priority to with the ball score, steady, fast, drop ball point precision, to the field of control consciousness is strong, control the rhythm of the tactical intention.6) Li Shifeng loses too much points actively, which is in a phenomenon that he wants to actively grab the advantage but loses points due to poor technical treatment.
23
Ali, Fahri. "HYDROPONIC EXTENSION OF NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE (NFT) METHOD FOR LEAF VEGETABLES AT PT GREAT GIANT PINEAPPLE." Jurnal Pengabdian Nasional 4, no. 1 (2023): 29–35. https://doi.org/10.25181/jpn.v4i1.3711.
Full textAbstract:
The service activity with the title Hydroponic Counseling Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) Method for Leaf Vegetables at PT Great Giant Pineapple was attended by 11 employees. PT GGP, especially the LOB plant section, will develop a business of cultivating horticultural crops other than fruits. The company has available facilities and infrastructure needed for hydroponic cultivation. However, there is still a lack of knowledge for the implementation of the NFT hydroponic system, so training in the NFT hydroponic system is needed for the experts who work there. Polinela as a partner of PT GGP, especially lecturers of the Horticultural Crop Production Technology study program, facilitates NFT system hydroponic training which is also very capable in the field of hydroponics to assist partners (PT GGP) in using and utilizing the hydroponic installations they already have. This training was carried out by delivering material on hydroponic cultivation, NFT systems, calculation and dissolution of nutrients; discussions, and direct demonstrations. Demonstration activities on nursery activities on rockwoll media and direct checks on installations that have been installed by discussing problems in the field. The results of the discussion included: The roof of the green house is too short; The table frame in each gully is too far away; There is no bypass between the pipe connection from the nutrient tank to the gully connecting pipe; The pipe between the outline hose to return to the nutrient tank is as flat as the floor; The distance between the netpot in each planting hole is too close to the bottom of the gully, The nutrient tank is a white storage box which can cause the nutrients in it to heat up faster. During the activity, participants were actively involved in asking questions and sharing experiences and obstacles faced during hydroponic cultivation. During the activity, participants found solutions to their problems. The service team opens space and time for participants to communicate via whatsapp if they find problems. The results of this service activity are pakchoy seeds that have been sown and 7-day-old pakchoy seeds that the service team brought. The results of the activities that have been carried out can be concluded that the implementation of this service activity can increase the knowledge and skills of PT. GGP employees in cultivating leaf vegetable plants in the hydroponic NFT system.
24
Zahro', Munifatuz. "SISTEM PELAYANAN REHABILITASI SOSIAL PROGRAM “SIRAH GEPENG BENJUT BERBASIS TILAR” DI BALAI RSBKL YOGYAKARTA." Masyarakat Madani: Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Pengembangan Masyarakat 4, no. 1 (2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jmm.v4i1.7686.
Full textAbstract:
AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan sistem pelayanan rehabilitasi oleh Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Bina Karya dan Laras (RSBKL) Yogyakarta sebagai evaluasi pembaharuan dari program yang sudah ada, yakni program “Sirah Gepeng Benjut Berbasis Tilar” (Sistem Rehabilitasi Gelandangan dan Pengemis Pembinaan Lanjut Berbasis Tiga Langkah Rehabilitasi). Adapun penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, instrumen penelitian menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi.Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa program rehabilitasi pembinaan lanjut berbasis tiga langkah rehabilitasi pada gepeng dan eks-psikotik memiliki kecenderungan yang berbeda karena latar belakang permasalahan juga berbeda. Output yang diupayakan pekerja sosial terhadap gepeng lebih mengedepankan perubahan pola berfikir dan peningkatan kapasitas ketrampilan guna mewujudkan gepeng produktif dalam bekerja, terlebih dalam membangun wirausaha. Sedangkan untuk eks-psikotik, pekerja sosial fokus pada terapi fisik dan psikologis guna mewujudkan kondisi kejiwaan yang stabil. Kata Kunci: Sistem Pelayanan, Rehabilitasi Sosial, Gepeng, eks-psikotik. AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explain the rehabilitation service system by the Yogyakarta Bina Karya and Laras Social Rehabilitation Center (RSBKL) as an evaluation of the renewal of the existing program, namely the “Pillar-Based Bench Flour Sirah” (The Homeless Rehabilitation System and Beggars for Guidance Based on Three Steps of Rehabilitation). As for this study using qualitative methods, research instruments using interviews, observation, documentation.The research concludes that the rehabilitation program for advanced coaching based on the three steps of rehabilitation in sprawl and ex-psychotics has a different tendency because the background of the problem is also different. The output sought by social workers on sprawl prioritizes changes in thinking patterns and increasing the capacity of skills to realize productive sprawl at work, especially in building entrepreneurship. As for ex-psychotics, social workers focus on physical and psychological therapy in order to create a stable psychiatric condition. Keywords: Service System, Social Rehabilitation, Flat, ex-psychotic.
25
Mignot, Alexandre, Hervé Claustre, Gianpiero Cossarini, et al. "Using machine learning and Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats to assess biogeochemical models and optimize observing system design." Biogeosciences 20, no. 7 (2023): 1405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are becoming the major tools used to detect and predict the impact of climate change on marine resources and to monitor ocean health. However, with the continuous improvement of model structure and spatial resolution, incorporation of these additional degrees of freedom into fidelity assessment has become increasingly challenging. Here, we propose a new method to provide information on the model predictive skill in a concise way. The method is based on the conjoint use of a k-means clustering technique, assessment metrics, and Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) observations. The k-means algorithm and the assessment metrics reduce the number of model data points to be evaluated. The metrics evaluate either the model state accuracy or the skill of the model with respect to capturing emergent properties, such as the deep chlorophyll maximums and oxygen minimum zones. The use of BGC-Argo observations as the sole evaluation data set ensures the accuracy of the data, as it is a homogenous data set with strict sampling methodologies and data quality control procedures. The method is applied to the Global Ocean Biogeochemistry Analysis and Forecast system of the Copernicus Marine Service. The model performance is evaluated using the model efficiency statistical score, which compares the model–observation misfit with the variability in the observations and, thus, objectively quantifies whether the model outperforms the BGC-Argo climatology. We show that, overall, the model surpasses the BGC-Argo climatology in predicting pH, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, oxygen, nitrate, and phosphate in the mesopelagic and the mixed layers as well as silicate in the mesopelagic layer. However, there are still areas for improvement with respect to reducing the model–data misfit for certain variables such as silicate, pH, and the partial pressure of CO2 in the mixed layer as well as chlorophyll-a-related, oxygen-minimum-zone-related, and particulate-organic-carbon-related metrics. The method proposed here can also aid in refining the design of the BGC-Argo network, in particular regarding the regions in which BGC-Argo observations should be enhanced to improve the model accuracy via the assimilation of BGC-Argo data or process-oriented assessment studies. We strongly recommend increasing the number of observations in the Arctic region while maintaining the existing high-density of observations in the Southern Oceans. The model error in these regions is only slightly less than the variability observed in BGC-Argo measurements. Our study illustrates how the synergic use of modeling and BGC-Argo data can both provide information about the performance of models and improve the design of observing systems.
26
Vinayachandra and Prasad K. Krishna. "IoT Solutions Industry Prospects Analysis with Specific Reference to Mobiloitte Inc." International Journal of Case Studies in Business, IT, and Education (IJCSBE) 4, no. 1 (2020): 63–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3766919.
Full textAbstract:
Life is made easy by a rising technology, the Internet of Things, which promised transformation in the way we work, we live, we play, we analyze and we think. The influence of IoT is seen everywhere today, from consumer products to military equipment, from motorbikes to airplanes, from manufacturing units to industries, and from daily use items to utility components and from house to smart cities. The everyday use objects which are being combined with Internet connection and data analytics capabilities guarantee ease of doing work, ease of living, ease of analyzing, ease of thinking and ease of playing. In essence, IoT provides a flat-form to interconnect various electronic devices through the Internet and open up a new world of possibilities. Mobiloitte is a leading complete service solution development company for IoT, AI, and BOTS along with other related areas with time, security, scale and performance as its focus points. The company strives for 'Top Notch Quality Work' and 'Complete Customer Satisfaction' as its business ethics. E3 – Experience, Excellence, and Exuberance is the company's work motto for the 'Go-to-Market Strategy' of the company to provide unique services and solutions to its customers and by that keeping itself in advantage position in the field competition. The company is equally comfortable working with different types of setups like Start-Ups, Small & Medium Enterprises, Large Enterprises, Development Sector, Public-Private Partnerships, and Governments. Completion of more than 5000 projects in a decade is a testimony to that. In this paper, we attempted to analyze various IoT solutions the company provides, highlight their technical backgrounds and list out their applications. At present, the company is providing IoT solutions in a large spectrum covering areas like surveillance, power, video inspection, customer feedback, marketing, skill-building, security, etc. Besides, this article also deliberates business challenges and potential solutions to provide different IoT based solutions appropriate to customer requirements and lists out emerging IoT technologies with a futuristic outline.
27
Safitri, Dini. "PELATIHAN PUBLIC SPEAKING BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DI KELURAHAN JOHAR BARU." Jurdimas (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) Royal 2, no. 2 (2019): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33330/jurdimas.v2i2.275.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: This community service aims to empower people who are members of the Yasayan Senyum Ibu Indonesia (YSII), so that they dare to appear to do public speaking. Empowerment needs to be done, considering the number of Foundation activities that require public speaking skills. The empowerment method used in this service has three stages. The first stage is to introduce and teach participants, how to find material or material to be delivered in public speaking, using the internet. After the material is obtained, they are asked to arrange the sentences that will be delivered in public speaking, then practice them one by one. The second method is to teach and practice the participants to hear a lot while memorizing the words that have been heard, to be memorized and repeated. This method is the basic method of public speaking, which relies a lot on memory, based on what is heard, then memorized. After memorizing, recited in public speaking activities. The third method is one by one the participants learn to recite flat voice intonation, as a basic technique in public speaking. The results of this service are public speaking modules that will be made HKI, popular articles in online media, and scientific articles in public service journals. Keywords: Public Speaking, Internet, Information Technology Abstrak: Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan masyarakat yang tergabung dalam Yasayan Senyum Ibu Indonesia (YSII), agar berani tampil untuk melakukan public speaking. Pemberdayaan ini perlu dilakukan, mengingat banyaknya kegiatan Yayasan yang memerlukan keterampilan public speaking. Metode pemberdayaan yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini ada tiga tahap. Tahap pertama, adalah mengenalkan dan mengajarkan kepada para peserta, cara mencari bahan atau materi yang akan disampaikan dalam public speaking, dengan menggunakan internet. Setelah bahan di dapatkan, mereka diminta untuk menyusun kalimat yang akan disampaikan di dalam public speaking, kemudian mempraktikannya satu-persatu. Metode kedua adalah mengajarkan dan mempraktikan kepada para peserta untuk banyak mendengar sekaligus menghafalkan kata-kata yang telah didengar, untuk dihapalkan dan diulang kembali. Metode ini adalah metode dasar public speaking, yang banyak mengandalkan daya ingat, berdasarkan dari apa yang didengar, kemudian dihapalkan. Setelah hapal, dilafalkan dalam kegiatan public speaking. Metode ketiga adalah satu persatu peserta belajar melafalkan intonasi suara datar, sebagai teknik dasar dalam public speaking. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah modul public speaking yang akan dibuat HKI, artikel popular di media online, adan artikel ilmiah di jurnal pengadian masyarakat. Kata Kunci: Public Speaking, Internet, Teknologi informasi
28
Hermawan, Iwan, Sartono Sartono, Suharmanto Suharmanto, Gita Hindrawati, and Nur Nelisa Adah. "SME’s EMPOWERMENT THROUGH INDEPENDENT FISH FEEDING DEVELOPMENT IN PLALANGAN VILLAGE SEMARANG." International Journal of Engagement and Empowerment (IJE2) 3, no. 1 (2023): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53067/ije2.v3i1.77.
Full textAbstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic gives an impression to the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Semarang City. 1538 SMEs experienced losses of up to 75% and even went bankrupt. It is caused by changes in purchasing priorities from the market, so SMEs must be able to think innovatively to maintain their business. Innovation will be attached to SME products that guarantee business survival. One of them is a catfish nugget product from Atmajaya Pond. Atmajaya Pond is an SME community service program partner that can sell as many as 280 packs monthly, producing 70 kg of fish for nuggets. This figure is relatively high for a home-scale business. The raw material for nuggets is obtained from cultivation through aquaculture, which occupies a limited area beside the house. The products were distributed in Semarang and surrounding areas. Currently, the high-cost burden in the production process is feeding, so making fish feed yourself is a strategic activity to reduce production costs. SME partner now has three root problems: (1) Fails in developing fish feed products because it cannot float. (2) The products need to be more competitive because they are still modest and less eye-catching, and the packaging is not represented as iconic. (3) Processed products owned by partners cannot last long. Thus, the direction of this program will build solutions that solve these problems, such as improving fish feed production, recreating the packaging design, and adding new processed fish products. This strategic program impacts increasing skill by 89.58%, increasing knowledge by 95.83%, and strengthening production by 20%.
29
Al Ali, Hayyah, and Syed Zamberi Ahmad. "A tough decision for equestrian business: the case of mandara equestrian club." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 10, no. 1 (2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-08-2019-0211.
Full textAbstract:
Learning outcomes This case study focuses on basic business approaches in the decision-making by considering owners and stakeholders’ perspective in highlighting the related issues in customer service, marketing (marketing mix and product mix), strategy, business management and operational management of the sport business in the private sector of Abu Dhabi. At the end of this exercise, students should have a clear consideration of the following: understanding of the equestrian business products and services elements, description of the marketing mix the equestrian business products and services elements, definition of the product mix approach of the marketing mix in equestrian business management, distinguishing needs of product mix alternative decisions approach in equestrian business management in the private sector and labeling of two main customer services based issues and propose a solution using product mix alternatives approaches (expand/eliminate). Case overview/synopsis Mandara Equestrian Club (MEC) was the culmination of a dream for Faysal Urfali, a Lebanese entrepreneur, and his wife, who lived in (and loved) United Arab Emirates (UAE) for more than 20 years ago. The dream started in 2012, when the Urfali family was vacationing in Spain. They fell in love with the Arabian breed of horses, famous for their wide, flat forehead, soulful eyes, broad muzzle, erect ears, slender neck and flowing, shining mane. Arabian horses are also renowned for their beauty, loyalty, strength and intelligence. Arabian horses are an intrinsic part of Arabian tradition and heritage, always described in Arabic literature as a sign of pride, courage and dignity, in recitation legends of wars. The Urafalis did not have experience with horses during that period, but that did not stop them from starting an equine business in the UAE, specifically in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Urfali started MEC in Al Rahba City, a small town in the north site of Abu Dhabi, the Capital of UAE. At its inception in 2013, MEC was open only for private use. In 2014, Urfali decided to open the club to the public due to high demand from visitors and horses’ lovers who were visiting the place to see the horses and request horse rides. MEC carries forward Urfali’s passion for Arabian horses, as it specializes in the care and training of show horses. MEC also offers other equine activities and services for both horse owners and horseback riders. In early 2019, Urfali conducted a meeting to assess MEC’s financial statements and discuss daily business operations. The meeting determined that the club was facing several business challenges to address which, it needs some substantial changes in order to maintain its smooth-functioning. Challenges the club faced involved customer relationship management, customer attraction and skill shortages in the industry. Urfali understood that focusing on MEC as a business operation means raising the marker of success to more than just the fulfillment of a dream. Will MEC be able to keep its focus with such changes? Complexity academic level Undergraduate students majoring in Business Management, Marketing and Strategic Management. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy
30
Kopanytsia, Yuriy, Olena Gizha, Oksana Nechypor, and Oleksandr Kormilcin. "Determination of hydrostatic pressure on the plane surface of an arbitrary non-simmetrical form by the three-command method K123." Problems of Water supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic, no. 47 (September 20, 2024): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2524-0021.2024.47.12-22.
Full textAbstract:
Competitive struggle in the conditions of wide access to unlimited amounts of information and computerization of all branches of production and services imposes strict requirements on specialized knowledge, practical skills and general mathematical culture of future engineers. The online program of modern multivariate engineering calculation of the problem of determining the force of hydrostatic pressure on an element of a flat asymmetric surface with a curvilinear face is presented - https://www.k123.org.ua/jeh5.html. Algorithms are implemented according to the author's method of three commands K123 (c) Yu.D. Kopanytsia (hereinafter the K123 method). A client-server solution based on CGI technology with a web form for inputting source data has been implemented. The results of the online calculation were performed according to the new analytical dependencies obtained on the basis of the author's method K123. In parallel, the numerical algorithms of the author's method of three K123 commands and the conclusions of the corresponding calculations in tabular form were implemented. Realized generation of graphics by the server program based on the coordinates of the points obtained by iterative calculations according to the algorithms of the numerical implementation of the K123 method. The relative error of iterative calculations and the estimation of the accuracy of the result are automatically determined based on the proposed exact analytical dependencies.
31
Omane-Antwi, K. B. "Professional accountant the challenges of the next decade (Agenda 2015 plus)." Pentvars Business Journal 6 (June 30, 2009): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.62868/pbj.v6i2.57.
Full textAbstract:
In the next 10 years, professional accountants will need to modify the way they perceive and carry out their mission. They will have to join the ranks of decision makers while keeping their roles of support and constructive critic to managers. They will need to extend their information management skills to the handling of non financial data to support a new definition of performance that is reflected in the Total Quality Management and value chain cultures. The mission will change because the context or management has changed, e.g., flat organizations, fuzzy organizational boundaries reflecting partnerships with customers and suppliers, globalization, and a new emphasis on service activities. The time horizons the professional accountant is used to will no longer be applicable. Such changes as target cost management, life-cycle thinking, and anticipatory crisis management are some of the reasons that will require professional accountants to become proactively involved in "managing for the future." Based on a greater attention to the understanding and analysis of the causes of resource consumption, the professional accountant will become more interventionist and will be involved in both organizational engineering and becoming a change agent in the whole product cycle, from strategic intent identification to strategic performance analysis, through change management and communication. The picture depicted of the professional accountant of the year 2015 plus is radically different from what is seen today, Training for these professionals will need to encompass this new mission in its new context. Managers also will have to embrace and value the rich potential that resides in their close cooperation with this "new" professional accountant.
32
Omane-Antwi, K. B. "Professioanl accountant: The challenges of the next decade (Agenda 2015 plus)." Pentvars Business Journal 5 (March 31, 2009): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.62868/pbj.v5i1.66.
Full textAbstract:
In the next 10 years, professional accountants will need to modify the way they perceive and carry out their mission. They will have to join the ranks of decision makers while keeping their roles of support and constructive critic to managers. They will need to extend their information management skills to the handling of non financial data to support a new definition of performance that is reflected in the Total Quality Monagementand value chain cultures. The mission will change because the context or management has changed, e.g., flat organizations, fuzzy organizational boundaries reflecting partnerships with customers and suppliers, globalization, and a new emphasis on service activities. The time horizons the professional accountant is used to will no longer be applicable. Such changes as target cost management, life-cycle thinking, and anticipatory crisis management ore some of the reasons that will require professional accountants to become proactively involved in "managing for the future." Based on a greater attention to the understanding and analysis of the causes of resource consumption, the professional accountant will become more interventionist and will be involved in both organizational engineering and becoming a change agent in the whole product cycle, from strategic intent identification to strategic performance analysis, through change management and communication. The picture depicted of the professional accountant of the year 2015 plus is radically different from what • PENTVARS BUSINESS JOURNAL* is seen today, Training for these professionals will need to encompass this new mission in its new context. Managers also will have to embrace and value the rich potential that resides in their close cooperation with this "new" professional accountant.
33
Rarasati, Ida Putri, and Desy Anindiya Rosyida. "Diseminasi Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi Bagi Guru Di SD Negeri Togogan 02 Kabupaten Blitar." Al-Khidma: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (2023): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35931/ak.v2i2.1494.
Full textAbstract:
<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><em>Motivasi dan kreativitas siswa dalam mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran dapat ditumbuhkan oleh guru melalui berbagai cara diantaranya dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran yang bervariatif dan menarik.</em><em> Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk melatih guru di SD Negeri Togogan 02 agar dapat meningkatkan kemampuan dalam mengoperasikan computer dan selanjutnya dapat membuat media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi secara mandiri. Adapun metode pengabdian yang digunakan adalah dengan menakulan observasi awal, memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan, serta memonitoring dan mengevaluasi perkembangannya. Materi pelatihan yang diberikan kepada guru diantaranya pembuatan dan prosedur penggunaan media Mengenal Mata Uang (MAWANG), Materi Game Pecahan (MAGECAH), Belajar Bangun Datar (LABADA) dan Aplikasi Cerita Blitar (Si Cetar). Proses pelatihan diawali dengan penyampaian materi dan praktek, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pendampingan kepada guru selama dua minggu, monitoring dan evaluasi dilakukan selama satu minggu setelah pendampingan untuk mengukur tingkat kemajuan ketrampilan guru.</em></p><p><em>Kata Kunci : Diseminasi, Media Pembelajaran, Berbasis Teknologi</em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><em>The motivation and creativity of students in participating in learning activities can be grown by the teacher in various ways including by using varied and interesting learning media. The purpose of this community service activity is to train teachers at public elementary school Togogan 02 so they can improve their ability to operate computers and then be able to make technology-based learning media independently. The service method used is to carry out initial observations, provide training and assistance, as well as monitor and evaluate developments. The training materials provided to teachers included the creation and procedures for using Know Currency media (MAWANG), Fractional Game Materials (MAGECAH), Learning Flat Shapes (LABADA) and Blitar Story Applications (Si Cetar). The training process begins with the delivery of material and practice, then continues with mentoring the teacher for two weeks. Monitoring and evaluation is carried out for one week after the mentoring to measure the progress of the teacher's skills.</em></p><p><em>Keyword: Dissemination, Learning Media, Technology Based</em><em></em></p>
34
Shapiro, Georgy I., Jose M. Gonzalez-Ondina, and Vladimir N. Belokopytov. "High-resolution stochastic downscaling method for ocean forecasting models and its application to the Red Sea dynamics." Ocean Science 17, no. 4 (2021): 891–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-891-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. High-resolution modelling of a large ocean domain requires significant computational resources. The main purpose of this study is to develop an efficient tool for downscaling the lower-resolution data such as those available from Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). Common methods of downscaling CMEMS ocean models utilise their lower-resolution output as boundary conditions for local, higher-resolution hydrodynamic ocean models. Such methods reveal greater details of spatial distribution of ocean variables; however, they increase the cost of computations and often reduce the model skill due to the so called “double penalty” effect. This effect is a common problem for many high-resolution models where predicted features are displaced in space or time. This paper presents a stochastic–deterministic downscaling (SDD) method, which is an efficient tool for downscaling of ocean models based on the combination of deterministic and stochastic approaches. The ability of the SDD method is first demonstrated in an idealised case when the true solution is known a priori. Then the method is applied to create an operational Stochastic Model of the Red Sea (SMORS), with the parent model being the Mercator Global Ocean Analysis and Forecast System at 1/12∘ resolution. The stochastic component of the model is data-driven rather than equation-driven, and it is applied to the areas smaller than the Rossby radius, within which distributions of ocean variables are more coherent than over a larger distance. The method, based on objective analysis, is similar to what is used for data assimilation in ocean models and stems from the philosophy of 2-D turbulence. SMORS produces finer-resolution (1/24∘ latitude mesh) oceanographic data using the output from a coarser-resolution (1/12∘ mesh) parent model available from CMEMS. The values on the fine-resolution mesh are computed under conditions of minimisation of the cost function, which represents the error between the model and true solution. SMORS has been validated against sea surface temperature and ARGO float observations. Comparisons show that the model and observations are in good agreement and SMORS is not subject to the “double penalty” effect. SMORS is very fast to run on a typical desktop PC and can be relocated to another area of the ocean.
35
Mirkhanova, Mavzhuda Mikhailovna Tashkent State University of Transport senior lecturer. Umaraliev Shokhzhakhon Mukhammadruzi ugli Tashkent State University of Transport Assistant. Embergenov Avezmurat Bekmuratovich Tashkent State University of Transport Assistant. Abdualiyev Elerbek Begalievich Tashkent State University of Transport doctoral student. "DRONES IN THE SERVICE OF ENGINEERING PROTECTION AGAINST GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS." Innovative technologies in construction Scientific Journal (ITC) 2, no. 2 (2023): 36–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8381045.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Abstract:</strong> In this article, karsts, avalanches, landslides, flooding and mudflows are dangerous because they develop rarely, rapidly and pose a serious threat to people's lives. To prevent such situations, it is necessary to take appropriate engineering protection measures to find out what features the territory has and whether it is prone to such processes. And this requires geodetic surveys. <strong>Keywords: </strong>Drones, karsts, avalanches, landslides, flooding, total station survey, UAV, point cloud, 3D model, terrain elevation map. <strong>БЕСПИЛОТНИКИ НА СЛУЖБЕ ИНЖЕНЕРНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ ОТ ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОПАСНОСТЕЙ</strong> <strong>Мирханова Мавжуда Михайиловна</strong> Ташкентский государственный университет транспорта, старший преподаватель. <strong>Умаралиев Шохжахон Мухаммадрузи угли</strong> Ташкентский государственный университет транспорта, ассистент. <strong>Ембергенов Авезмурат Бекмуратович</strong> Ташкентский государственный университет транспорта, ассистент. <strong>Абдуалиев Элёрбек Бегалиевич</strong> Ташкентский государственный университет транспорта, доктарант. <strong>Аннотация:</strong> В данной стати карсты, лавины, оползни, затопления и селевые потоки представляют опасность, поскольку развиваются редко, стремительно и создают серьезную угрозу жизни людей. Для предотвращения таких ситуаций, необходимо принять соответствующие мероприятия инженерной защиты, чтобы выяснить, какими особенностями обладает территория и склонна ли она к подобным процессам. А это требует проведения геодезических изысканий. <strong>Ключевые слова:</strong> Беспилотники, карсты, лавины, оползни, затопления, тахеометрическая съемка, БПЛА, облако точек, 3D-модель, карта высот местности. <strong>Introduction.</strong> The use of modern geodetic equipment allows us to develop the most effective measures in a short time. About what results can be achieved thanks to laser scanning and drones. Traditional methods of geodetic surveying include classical (total station survey) and satellite technologies. The methods are reliable and time-tested, but they have a number of significant drawbacks. Fig. 1.Total station survey. So, after the survey, a topographic plan is obtained that does not cover the entire territory under consideration as a whole, but only individual characteristic points, the density of which on the ground corresponds to the selected accuracy class and the scale of the survey. As a result, important terrain features may be unfixed, and this is of critical importance when designing engineering protection measures. And in the future it may lead to the development of a dangerous geological phenomenon[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. The second disadvantage of the results of classical methods is the difficulty in interpreting the information received, since the image turns out to be flat. Another disadvantage of performing a total station survey or shooting using satellite receivers is the need to travel long distances on foot. For this reason, carrying out surveys on vast territories (several hectares) takes a lot of time, and the relevance of the information may be lost even before the survey is completed. Fig. 2. Scan and surface with horizontal landslide slope near the wall ST-3. The main advantage of laser scanning is the ability to create a three—dimensional point model of an object. The result is achieved with the help of laser scanners working on the principle of measuring the distance to the object and fixing the directions to these segments. With one scanner installation, you can form an entire point cloud of a given area of space. The array of received data is processed on a computer — surface models, elevation maps are created, horizontals are isolated. All this serves as the basis for the development of plans, sections and drawings. When aerial photography from a UAV is used, a digital camera with high resolution is used. This makes it possible to obtain a stereo image, assign the exact coordinates of the centers to the images, and also in most cases exclude the marking of ground markings. The information received is processed in a special computer program: the photos are scaled, the necessary corrections are made to them. As a result, a large-scale surface plan is formed[8,9,10,11]. The equipment set consists of several components. The first is a UAV that serves as a carrier of equipment for aerial photography and transmission of satellite signal reception. The second is a satellite receiver, which is used to determine the positions of control points or identification signs. It can also be used as a base station if there are no permanent ones available in the district. The third is a digital camera. The fourth is smartphones and PCs for performing preparatory work and desk processing of field materials. UAVs can also be equipped with multispectral, thermal imaging cameras, lidars and other devices. Aerial photography is performed according to a proven algorithm. First, the territory or object is studied, the appropriate equipment is selected. It is being prepared for operation and checked (verified, calibrated and configured). Next, flight tasks are developed: the boundaries and height, the speed of the UAV movement, the overlap of images, and so on are determined. The presence of the initial terrestrial or satellite geodetic networks is checked, solutions for connecting and linking devices to them are determined. Identification marks or control points are marked and coordinated. The UAV receiver is connected to a permanent station or to a specially installed one at points whose coordinates are known. The camera is calibrated, flight characteristics are checked[12]. Aerial photography is being performed. Then the data from the UAV is transferred to a computer, processed with the assignment of exact coordinates and heights to the centers of the images. Photogrammetric processing is carried out. A geo-linked orthophotoplane, a point cloud, a 3D model, and a horizontal elevation map are created. If additional equipment is used, thermal imaging, multispectral images and other information are prepared. In the process of work, the Institute's staff performed aerial photography from the BLPA of a section about 1.5 km long. Periodic geodetic control of the geometric parameters of the body of the embankment was carried out and geodetic control of deformations of the soil mass was carried out. The information received was analyzed, a conclusion was drawn up on the progress of construction.This made it possible to assess the condition of the embankment relative to the design solutions, as well as to analyze and control the situation with the volume of dumping and deformations of the soil massif. The area of aerial photography was 50 hectares. An orthophotoplan, a 3D model and a height map (with horizontals) have been prepared for each measurement cycle. The analysis of materials was carried out both independently (in the current cycle) and in comparison with previous cycles. This made it possible to trace various slope and erosion processes, changes in the geometric characteristics of the embankment during construction work. It was also possible to identify some errors in the production of filling works. Then a preliminary design was developed, where solutions to the problems that arose during the construction of the embankment were proposed. Fig. 3. Preparing drones for shooting the track. Engineering and geological surveys as part of scientific and technical support during the construction of ski slopes and upper slopes of the cable car. The aerial photography was intended to reflect the actual situation on the site of the projected routes and supplement the archival engineering and geological materials with new data. This was necessary for the development of engineering protection measures, since, according to the design materials, most of the slopes were in an unstable state and required strengthening. Fig. 4. Photo from the UAV. The area of aerial photography of the territory of the future ski slopes was 224 hectares. As a result, an orthophotoplan, a 3D model and an elevation map (with horizontals) of the terrain were formed. They were used to develop topographic plans of 1:2,000 scale of hazardous geological processes and geocryological engineering zoning, and also facilitated the analysis of new and archival materials. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> In the course of the work, the outcrops of rocky soils to the surface in areas with a slope of more than 40° were redefined. In the previous survey, performed by the classical method for a scale of 1:2,000, these areas were marked as non-rocky sandy and lumpy soil. Aerial photography from UAVs made it possible to reduce the volume of protective measures, reduce the cost of construction of trails. The relevance of new survey technologies for mining enterprises is the ability to speed up the process of obtaining extensive information about an object or territory. At the same time, in terms of accuracy of the result, such techniques are not inferior to traditional ones, and the level of safety for a person when performing laser scanning and aerial photography with BLPA is much higher. This allows you to design engineering protection measures for an object in the shortest possible time or optimize ready-made solutions. <strong>Literatura</strong> 1.Abdualiyev, E. B., & Mirxanova, M. M. (2022). STUDIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF CULVERTS ON THE UPPER STRUCTURE OF THE PATH. <em>Results of National Scientific Research International Journal</em>, <em>1</em>(9), 479-483. 2. Abdualiyev, E., Mirzahidova, O., & Uralov, A. (2021). ELIMINATION OF IMPULSE IRREGULARITIES ON THE RAIL HEAD WITH THE HELP OF GRINDING. <em>Academic research in educational sciences</em>, <em>2</em>(2), 1220-1225. 3. Abdualiev, E. B., Khamidov, M. K., & Eshonov, F. F. (2022). STUDIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF CULVERTS ON THE UPPER STRUCTURE OF THE TRACK ON THE SECTIONS OF HIGH-SPEED AND HIGH-SPEED TRAIN TRAFFIC OF JSC" UZBEKISTON TEMIR YO′ LLARI". <em>Results of National Scientific Research International Journal</em>, <em>1</em>(9), 484-488. 4. Абдуалиев, Э. Б., Хамидов, М. К., & ўғли Умаралиев, Ш. М. (2022, December). ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ВЛИЯНИЯ ВОДОПРОПУСКНЫХ ТРУБ НА ВЕРХНЕЕ СТРОЕНИЕ ПУТИ. In <em>INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: PROBLEMS AND SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS.</em> (Vol. 1, No. 7, pp. 141-144). 5.В.М. Лисов<strong> </strong>Дорожные водопропускные трубы. — М.: Информ.-изд. центр «ТИМР», 1998. — 140 с. 6.https://geodevice.ru/main/gpr/kit/gd/ 7.Abdualiyev E.B., Eshonov F.F. New uses of culvert Architecture.Construction. Design Taxi, Issue 2, 2020 year 149-152p. 8. Abdualiev E. B., Embergenov A. B. /Case of waterproofing pipes on railways/ skills of the 21st century for professional activity /volume 2/Tashkent 2021/2/15/ 184-185 p. 9.https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/condition-of-culverts-on-the-high-speed-section-of-the-tashkent-syrdarya-railway-line. 10.Abdualiev E.B., Abdukarimov A.M. Increase of productivity and reliability of control of rails. Architectural and construction science and period materials of the Republican scientific and practical conference part №. 2 T.: 2017y. 24-26p. 11.Abdualiyev, E.B. (2019) "Research of surface condition of the rails rolling on sections of high-speed and high-speed train traffic, ," <em>Journal of Tashkent Institute of Railway Engineers</em>: Vol.15:Iss.2,Article14.Available at:https://uzjournals.edu.uz/tashiit/vol15/iss2/14 12.Abdualiyev, E.B. (2019) "Research of surface condition of the rails rollingon sections of high-speed and high-speed train traffic," <em>Journal of Tashkent Institute of Railway Engineers</em>: Vol.15:Iss.3,Article4. Available at: https://uzjournals.edu.uz/tashiit/vol15/iss3/4
36
Babintseva, A., Yu Hodovanets, A. Kobylianska-Vasilyeva, and V. Petrov. "FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS: LITERATURE DATA AND A CLINICAL CASE." Neonatology, surgery and perinatal medicine 10, no. 4(38) (2020): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-4260.x.4.38.2020.7.
Full textAbstract:
According to statistical data, from 3 to 10% of women in many countries of the world abuse alcohol during pregnancy which results in the formation of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). The definition includes fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS); Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (PFAS); Alcohol-related Neurodevelopmental Disorders (ARND) Alcohol-related Birth Defects (ARBD).
 According to the criteria of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, (CDCP, USA) the major FASDs features are facial dysmorphology (smoothing of the nasolabial groove, flat upper lip, shortened eyelid openings); growth retardation (ante- or postnatal body weight or body length ≤ 10 percentiles); functional disorders of the nervous system (global cognitive deficiency, minor movement dysfunction, attention deficiency disorder and hyperactivity, sensor disorders, memory deficiency, social adaptation problems); structural disorders of the nervous system (head circumference ≤ 10 percentile (or ≤ 3 percentile for children with body weight ≤ 10 percentile) or clinically significant cerebral abnormalities found by neurovisualization). Combination of the above mentioned signs with maternal alcoholism during pregnancy in anamnesis underlies FASD diagnostics. 
 According to the findings of certain researchers the major pathogenic links of FASDs are associated with ethanol toxic effect on the fetal metabolism, that is, activation of oxidative stress processes and decreased intensity of antioxidant protection; reduced expression of genes essential for development; activation of nerve cells apoptosis; delay of the cellular neuron migration and disorders of their proliferation against insufficiently active enzymatic system of the liver participating in ethanol neutralization.
 The article presents a clinical case of FASDs in a newborn girl born from ХІ pregnancy; a pregnant woman who was not registered concerning pregnancy, did not undergo screening examinations, smoked and drank regularly. The girl was born after Х physiological labor in 34 weeks of gestation after preterm rupture of the amniotic sac and anhydrous period of 160 hours. Complete antenatal prevention of respiratory distress-syndrome was performed.
 The body weight of the girl at birth was 1600 g, the body length – 43 cm. The child’s condition at birth was assessed as compensated by vital functions, and Apgar score was 8/8. According to the assessment of the nervous-muscular and physical maturation by the New Ballard Score the girl was estimated 25 corresponding to 33 weeks of gestation. Assessment of physical development found the body mass value lower than 10 centile, the body length and head circumference – within the range of 10-90 centile. During physical examination dysmorphic signs were determined including smoothed nasolabial groove (5 points), thin flat upper lip, and shortened eyelid openings. The course of postnatal adaptation of the neonate was complicated by neurological symptoms manifested by the signs of inhibition syndrome. After comprehensive medical aid was provided, the girl was discharged from hospital in a satisfactory condition with recommendations about the necessity of including the child into the catamnestic follow-up with careful assessment of its physical and nervous-psychic development. 
 Diagnostics of FASDs is a complicated medical diagnostic process which is best ensured by means of a structural interdisciplinary approach of a strong clinical team consisting of specialists of various areas with mutually complementary experience, qualification and skills. An important role of a neonatologist in detection of children with FASDs is hardly overestimated concerning consistent provision of medical first aid and development of a professional diagnostic way, referral to catamnestic follow-up service and further rehabilitation.
37
Webliana B, Kornelia, Diah Permata Sari, and Solikatun Solikatun. "UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN EROSI DAN TANAH LONGSOR MENGGUNAKAN LIMBAH SABUT KELAPA DI DUSUN KLUI, DESA MALAKA." SELAPARANG Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan 4, no. 1 (2020): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v4i1.2979.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRAKSebagian besar wilayah Dusun Klui, Desa Malaka memiliki topografi wilayah yang berbukit untuk areal perkebunan dan topografi datar untuk pemukiman. Salah satu potensi perkebunan yang cukup melimpah yang dimiliki Desa Malaka adalah kelapa. Sejauh ini pemanfaatan kelapa masih terpaku pada hasil primer, yaitu air dan daging kelapa serta tempurung kelapa untuk arang. Limbah sabut kelapa belum dimanfaatkan, padahal memiliki nilai ekonomi dan ekologi yang dapat membantu untuk meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat dan keberlanjutan dari ekosistem. Salah satu bentuk pemanfaatan limbah sabut kelapa berupa cocomesh memiliki fungsi penting dalam pencegahan erosi dan longsor pada kelerengan curam. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan nila ekonomi dan ekologi limbah sabut kelapa dalam bentuk cocomesh sebagai alternatif pencegahan erosi dan longsor di Dusun Klui Desa Malaka. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, yaitu sosialisasi dan pelatihan pembuatan cocomesh. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat menunjukkan bahwa limbah perkebunan berupa sabut kelapa dapat diolah menjadi cocomesh yang bernilai ekonomi dan ekologi. Masyarakat Dusun Klui mendapatkan pengetahuan dan wawasan setelah dilakukan sosialisasi mengenai penangan limbah sabut kelapa untuk pencegahan erosi. Masyarakat Dusun Klui juga mendapatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam mengolah limbah sabut kelapa menjadi cocomesh dan mempraktikannya dalam pemasangan cocomesh di lahan perkebun yang memiliki tingkat kecuraman yang tinggi. Kata kunci : cocomesh; erosi; longsor. ABSTRACTMost of the Klui Hamlet, Malacca Village, has a hilly topography for plantation areas and a flat topography for settlements. One of the potential plantations that is quite abundant in the village of Malacca is coconut. So far, coconut utilization is still focused on primary products, namely water and coconut meat and coconut shell for charcoal. Coconut husk waste has not been utilized, even though it has economic and ecological value that can help to increase community income and the sustainability of the ecosystem. One form of utilization of coconut husk waste in the form of cocomesh has an important function in preventing erosion and landslides on steep slopes. The purpose of this activity is to improve the economic and ecological value of coconut husk waste in the form of cocomesh as an alternative to erosion and landslide prevention in Klui Hamlet, Malacca Village. The methods used to achieve these objectives are socialization and training in making cocomesh. The results of community service activities show that plantation waste in the form of coconut husks can be processed into cocomesh which has economic and ecological value. The people of Klui Hamlet gained knowledge and insight after socialization was carried out on coconut husk waste handlers for erosion prevention. The people of Klui Hamlet also gain knowledge and skills in processing coconut husk waste into cocomesh and practice it in installing cocomesh on sloping garden land. Keywords : cocomesh; erosion; landslide.
38
陳艾竹, 陳艾竹. "視覺提示策略對三歲ADHD幼兒於例行性活動中的注意力表現". 特殊教育學報 60, № 60 (2024): 035–69. https://doi.org/10.53106/207455832024120060002.
Full textAbstract:
<p>本研究旨在探討視覺提示策略對三歲ADHD幼兒於例行性活動中的集中式注意力表現之影響。研究者冀以藉由視覺提示策略，提升ADHD幼兒的注意力表現，並為現場教育工作者提供有效的教學策略，進而在融合教育的場域中改善教學成效和班級經營。研究方法主要透過單一受試跨情境多基線設計與參與式觀察法之方式蒐集資料；研究重點在於觀察幼兒在餐點清潔、如廁與收拾接送此三個時間區段的注意力表現，以圖片為視覺提示策略之材料用以提升集中式注意力上的效果，同時運用目視分析法，以及整理質性訪談資料呈現研究結果。研究結果顯示，視覺提示策略有助於增強ADHD幼兒於餐點清潔、如廁與收拾接送等活動的集中式注意力，且具有立即和維持成效，同時，該策略亦具有良好的社會效度。因此，本研究建議在學前之教學環境中應用視覺提示，並配合口語提示及正向回饋，藉以增進ADHD幼兒的學習動機。對於研究之建議，未來可持續應用與因應個別化之調整，同時擴大研究樣本範圍，加上定期追蹤與評估，對提升ADHD幼兒集中式注意力的效益，以促進學前融合教育的實踐。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Purpose </p> <p> With the continued increase in the number of preschoolers with developmental delay and the challenges of caring for young children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), this study was designed to address the difficulties encountered by providers and educators by implementing a visual cueing picture card strategy. The purpose of this strategy was to increase the attention span of three-year-old children with ADHD during daily routine activities. As some studies have shown that the visual cueing strategy has significant supportive effects on children with special needs and has been successfully applied in a variety of educational contexts to enhance attention and improve classroom management efficiency (Wu & Tsai, 2021; Chen et al., 2019; Chen & Ho, 2008; Tzen, 2005). Based on existing research, this study applied visual cue cards as an intervention to increase the focused attention of young children with ADHD and provide effective teaching strategies for field educators to improve teaching effectiveness and classroom management efficiency in an integrated education setting. </p> <p>Methods </p> <p>This study was a case study of a three-year-old boy with ADHD at three months of age based on purposive sampling; a single-subject cross-situational multibaseline design was used according to the research objectives and questions (Niew & Wu, 2019, pp. 79-81). The study was conducted in a Workplace Mutual Assistance Childcare Service Center with different time, place, and activity settings to investigate the change in focused attention (dependent) of young children with ADHD after an intervention with visual cue cards (independent variable). The study was divided into three periods: the baseline period, the intervention period, and the maintenance period. In addition to quantitative data collection, the researcher also utilized participant observation to collect qualitative data in order to present a complete picture of the study. In the study, a total of 14 weeks were spent on 8 interventions of the visual cueing chart, and the data were collected using the &ldquo;Pre-school Special Educational Needs Children&rsquo;s Behavioral Observation Record Sheet&rdquo;, the &ldquo;Inattentive Behavior Frequency Record Sheet&rdquo;, and the mobile phone video recordings. The study cases&rsquo; attentional performances in the three time periods of meal cleansing, toilet cleaning, and tidying up were also recorded by means of the graphic method and the visual analysis method. The focus of the study was on inattentive behavior, which was mainly to observe whether the children were able to follow the teacher&rsquo;s planned activities and achieve the expected goals in the situation. Therefore, the number of inattentive behaviors was used to assess the effectiveness of the visual cueing strategy in reducing inattentive behaviors. </p> <p>Results </p> <p>In this study, a systematic observation and intervention was conducted on Case F&rsquo;s inattentive behavior. Through the use of visual cue cards, the case was observed for changes in attentiveness during the meal and cleaning segments, the toileting segment, and the packing and picking up and dropping off segments. During the meal and cleaning periods, F&rsquo;s inattentive behavior decreased from an average of 3.67 times per day in the baseline period to an average of 2.1 times per day in the intervention period, and further decreased to an average of 1.5 times per day in the maintenance period; it can be seen that the trend of the data points was the same in the baseline period, and it was in line with the principle of stabilization before entering into the intervention period; the trend of inattentive behavior showed a decreasing trend after the beginning of the intervention period, which indicated that in this situation, the inattentive behavior of the cases in the intervention period decreased. At the beginning of the intervention period, the trend of inattentive behavior shows a decreasing trend, indicating that the number of inattentive behaviors in this situation has decreased significantly; after entering the maintenance period, the number of inattentive behaviors shows a slightly higher but moderate trend compared to the intervention period. During the toilet use period, F decreased from an average of 4 times per day in the baseline period to 2 times per day in the intervention period, and remained in this state in the maintenance period; the trend of the toilet use situation in the data points of the baseline period was flat, and the trend of the inattentive behavior showed a decreasing trend after the beginning of the intervention period, indicating a significant decrease in the number of inattentive behaviors in this situation; the number of inattentive behaviors showed a decreasing trend in the maintenance period compared to that of the intervention period. After the maintenance period, the number of inattentive behaviors continued to decrease compared to the intervention period. During the packing and picking up period, the number of inattentive behaviors decreased from an average of 3.5 per day in the baseline period to 2.5 per day in the intervention period, and further decreased to 2 per day in the maintenance period; the trend of packing and picking up was the same for all data points in the baseline period, and the stabilization principle was met before entering into the intervention period; the trend of inattentive behaviors showed a slight decrease after the beginning of the intervention period, which indicated a decrease in the number of inattentive behaviors. At the beginning of the intervention period, the trend of inattentive behavior showed a slight decrease, indicating that the number of inattentive behaviors in this context decreased, but not very significantly, and after entering the maintenance period, the number of inattentive behaviors showed a slight decrease compared to the intervention period. To summarize, the immediate effects of the visual cueing strategy on attentional learning effectiveness in the three contexts were, in descending order, toileting, meal cleaning, and picking up and dropping off. Secondly, semi-structured interviews with the three classroom teachers, the director, and the mother of the primary caregiver in the interview center revealed that Case F showed significant improvements in attention and self-care skills after the visual cueing strategy intervention. </p> <p>Discussions and suggestions </p> <p>The Impact of Visual Cue Strategy on enhancing F&rsquo;s concentration and self-care skills during routine activities such as meals and cleaning, toileting, as well as packing and picking up periods with immediate, sustained effects and good social validity is in line with Niew, Wern-Ing&rsquo;s (2008) principle of integrated education, whereby students with SEN enjoy equal access to educational resources and individualized support. Meanwhile, it also supports the viewpoints of Chang, Bey-Lih (2009), which proves that special education resources can effectively support ADHD students through the implementation of appropriate strategy in the daily general classroom environment. For the future, it is suggested that (1) continuous application and individualized adjustments be made; (2) the scope of the study be expanded; and (3) regular tracking and evaluation be conducted in order to further enhance the effectiveness of the visual cueing strategy, to promote the practice of integrated education at the preschool level, and to support the holistic development of students with ADHD in an integrated learning environment. </p> <p> </p>
39
Huynh, C., E. Clement, D. DeGirolamo, et al. "Canadian Surgery Forum 201901. The future of general surgery training: a Canadian resident nationwide Delphi consensus statement02. Traumatized: Can mindfulness lead to improved mental health outcomes after multisystem trauma?03. Operating room availability for general surgery in 2007 versus 2017 at a regional hospital in BC04. Perceptions and barriers to Gastrografin protocol implementation05. Resident opinions and educational experience of a mixed night-float system for general surgery resident call06. A scoping review of best management for hepato-pancreatobiliary trauma07. Simultaneous versus staged resection for synchronous colorectal liver metastases: a population-based cohort study08. Weight loss following hepatopancreatobiliary surgery. How much is too much?09. Uptake and patient outcomes of laparoscopic liver resection for colon cancer liver metastases: a population-based analysis10. Simultaneous resection of colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases: a survey-based analysis11. When is it safe to start VTE prophylaxis after blunt solid organ injury? A prospective study from a level I trauma centre12. Undertriaged trauma patients: Who are we missing?13. Trauma team activation at a level I trauma centre: time of day matters14. The diagnostic dilemma of shotgun injuries15. Evaluating the efficacy of self-study videos for the surgery clerkship rotation: an innovative project in undergraduate surgical education16. Systematic review and meta-analysis: preoperative anti-TNF therapy does not increase the risk of postoperative complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease undergoing elective surgery17. Simulation platforms to assess laparoscopic suturing skills: a scoping review18. Cost analysis of simultaneous versus staged resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases: a population-based study19. Complementary and alternative medicine use among general surgery patients in Nova Scotia20. General surgery in Canada: current scope of practice and future needs21. Impact of dedicated operating time on access to surgical care in an acute care surgery model22. Adolescent appendicitis management and outcomes: comparison study between adult and pediatric institutions23. A systematic review of behavioural interventions to improve opioid prescribing after surgery24. Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) in trauma: a gap analysis of the Edmonton Zone Trauma Registry25. Learning by holographic anatomic models for surgical education26. The nature of learning from trauma team simulation27. Comparing reversing half-hitch alternating postsurgical knots and square knots for closure of enterotomy in a simulated deep body cavity: a randomized controlled trial28. Propagating the “SEAD”: exploring the value of an overnight call shift in the Surgical Exploration and Discovery Program29. Comparing 2 approaches to residency application file review30. A Canadian experience with posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy31. A cost-efficient, realistic breast phantom for oncoplastic breast surgery training32. Impact of patient frailty on morbidity and mortality after common emergency general surgery operations33. Preventing opioid prescription after major surgery: a scoping review of the literature on opioid-free analgesia34. Correct usage of propensity score methodology in contemporary high-impact surgical literature35. Responsible blood compatibility testing for appendectomy: practice assessment at a single Canadian academic centre36. What patient factors are associated with participation in a provincial colorectal cancer screening program?37. Missed appendix tumours owing to nonoperative management for appendicitis38. Operative delay increases morbidity and mortality in emergency general surgery patients: a study of multiple EGS services within a single city39. Withdrawn40. Improved disease-free survival after prehabilitation for colorectal cancer surgery41. Development of a conceptual framework of recovery after abdominal surgery42. Comparison of Dor and Nissen fundoplication following laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair43. A systematic review and summary of clinical practice guidelines on the periprocedural management of patients on antithrombotic medications undergoing gastroenterological endoscopy44. Impact of socioeconomic status on postoperative complications following Whipple procedure for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma45. Clinical outcomes of high-risk breast lesions and breast cancer patients treated with total mastectomy and immediate reconstruction46. My On Call (MOC) Pager App: practising and assessing safe clinical decision-making47. Comprehensive complication index for major abdominal surgeries: an external validation using the American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP)48. The impact of surgeon experience on script concordance test scoring49. Decay of competence with extended research absences during postgraduate residency training: a scoping review50. Long-term outcomes of elderly patients managed nonoperatively for choledocholithiasis51. Predictors of mortality and cost among surgical patients admitted to hospital and requiring rapid response team activation52. Sex-based disparities in the hourly earnings of surgeons in Ontario’s fee-for-service system53. Outcomes of intestinal ischemia among patients undergoing cardiac surgery54. Factors influencing resident teaching evaluations: the relationship between resident interest in teaching, career plan, training level and their performance in teaching junior learners55. Validating a uniform system for measuring disease severity in acute colonic diverticulitis56. Active negative pressure peritoneal therapy and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels after abbreviated laparotomy for abdominal trauma or intraabdominal sepsis: the validity of serum and peritoneal CRP in measuring outcomes in critically ill patients57. Intraoperative use of indocyanine green fluorescence in emergency general surgery: a systematic review58. Is it safe? Nonoperaive management of blunt splenic injuries in geriatric trauma patients59. Bladder injury from laparoscopic appendicectomy: a multicentre experience over 5 years60. Perioperative cardiac investigations for chest pain after parathyroidectomy rarely yield a cardiac diagnosis61. Entero-hepatic axis injury following hemorrhagic shock: a role for uric acid62. Loss of functional independence after emergency abdominal surgery in older patients: a prospective cohort study63. Association between use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, diuretics or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/receptor blockers after major surgery and acute kidney injury: a nested, population-based case–control study64. Timing of CT for adhesive small bowel obstructions (SBO)65. The ABDO (Acute Biliary Disease Optimization) Study: improving the management of biliary diseases in emergency general surgery66. Rates and predictors of advanced biliary imaging and interventions in acute care surgery: a quality improvement study67. The use of early warning scores in patients undergoing emergency general surgery: a systematic review68. Does primary closure versus resection and anastomosis in patients with hollow viscus injury affect 30-day mortality?69. Impact of sarcopenia on morbidity and mortality after Whipple procedure for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma70. Mind the speaker gap: a cross-specialty analysis of the representation of women at surgical meetings in 5 different geographic regions71. Immediate breast reconstruction in locally advanced breast cancer: Is it safe?72. An administrative review of the incidence of adverse events involving electrocautery73. If you don’t document it, did it really happen? A review of the documentation of informed consent in laparoscopic cholecystectomy74. Can an online module help medical students gain confidence and proficiency in writing orders?75. The influence of undergraduate medical education anatomy exposure on choice of surgical specialty: a national survey76. Association between patient engagement and surgical outcomes: a pilot study77. Guidelines on the intraoperative transfusion of red blood cells: a systematic review78. Cancer is common in missed appendicitis: a retrospective cohort study79. Everyone is awesome: analyzing letters of reference in a general surgery residency selection process80. Evaluating the true additional costs of general surgery complications using a propensity score weighted model81. Deriving literature-based benchmarks for surgical complications from national databases in high-income countries: a systematic review on pancreatectomy outcomes82. The impact of distance on postoperative follow-up in pediatric general surgery patients: a retrospective review83. Water-soluble contrast in adhesive small bowel obstruction management: a Canadian centre’s experience84. Recognizing predatory journals in general surgery and their common violations85. Prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy for closed laparotomy incisions: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials86. Choosing Wisely Canada: 2019 general surgery recommendations87. Content-specific resident teaching can improve medical student learning outcomes on certifying examinations88. Transition to practice: preparedness for independent practice in general surgery graduates89. CAGS Exam 2.0: maximizing the potential for teaching and learning90. Resident attitudes toward the introduction of synoptic operative reporting for appendectomy and cholecystectomy91. Determining the individual, hospital and environmental cost of unnecessary laboratory investigations for patients admitted to general surgery services at an academic centre92. Gender-based compensation disparity among general surgeons in British Columbia93. Transgastric robotic resection for gastrointestinal stromal tumours of the stomach94. Recurrent gallstone ileus after laparoscopic-assisted enterolithotomy treated with totally laparoscopic enterolithotomy01. Predictors and outcomes among patients requiring salvage APR for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus: a population-based study02. Short-course radiotherapy with perioperative systemic chemotherapy for patients with rectal cancer and synchronous resectable liver metastases: a single-centre Canadian experience03. Compliance with preoperative elements of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons rectal cancer surgery checklist improves pathologic and postoperative outcomes04. Clinical predictors of pathologic complete response following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis05. Rejected06. The impact of laparoscopic technique on the rate of perineal hernia after abdominoperineal resection of the rectum07. An assessment of the current perioperative practice, barriers and predictors for utilization of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols: a provincial survey08. Regional variation in the utilization of laparoscopy for the treatment of rectal cancer: the importance of fellowship training sites09. Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis10. The relation between the gut microbiota and anastomotic leak in patients with colorectal cancer: a preliminary feasibility study11. Optimizing discharge decision-making in colorectal surgery: an audit of discharge practices in a newly implemented enhanced recovery pathway12. Trends in colectomy for colorectal neoplasms in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients over 2 decades: a National Inpatient Sample database analysis13. Spin in minimally invasive transanal total mesorectal excision articles (TaTME): an assessment of the current literature14. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in colon cancer: a population-based cohort study of VTE rates following surgery and during adjuvant chemotherapy15. Robotic-assisted lateral lymph node dissection for rectal neuroendocrine tumor16. Loop ileostomy and colonic lavage as an alternative to colectomy for fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis17. Recurrent diverticulitis: Is it all in the family?18. Le traitement des fistules entérocutanées complexes : expérience du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM)19. A North American single-blinded pilot randomized controlled trial for outpatient nonantibiotic management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (MUD TRIAL): feasibility and lessons learned20. Treatment failure after conservative management of acute diverticulitis: a nationwide readmission database analysis21. Impact of immunosuppression on mortality and major morbidity following sigmoid colectomy for diverticulitis: a propensity-score weighted analysis of the National Inpatient Sample22. Presentation and survival in colorectal cancer under 50 years of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis23. Genetics of postoperative recurrence of Crohn’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis24. Improving the identification and treatment of preoperative anemia in patients undergoing elective bowel resection25. Impact of postoperative complications on quality of life after colorectal surgery26. Colon cancer survival by subsite: a retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database27. A second opinion for T1 colorectal cancer pathology reports results in frequent changes to clinical management28. Effects of the quadratus lumborum block regional anesthesia on postoperative pain after colorectal resection: a double-blind randomized clinical trial29. Safety of a short-stay postoperative unit for the early discharge of patients undergoing a laparosocpic right hemicolectomy30. What is the optimal bowel preparation to reduce surgical site infection in Crohn disease?31. TaTME surgery and the learning curve: our early experience32. Watch-and-wait experience in patients with rectal cancer: results in selected patients at a high-volume centre01. Automatic referral of suspicious findings detected on thoracic CT scan decreases delays in care without compromising referral quality02. Variation in receipt of therapy and survival with provider volume in noncurative esophagogastric cancer: a population-based analysis03. What makes patients high risk for lobectomy in the era of minimally invasive lobectomy?04. The value proposition of minimally invasive esophagectomy: a community hospital perspective05. Deviation from treatment plan in patients with potentially curable esophageal carcinoma06. Implementation of a standardized minimal opioid prescription for post-thoracic surgery patients is feasible and provides adequate pain control07. Sentinel node navigation surgery using indocyanine green in lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis08. Surgical outcomes with trimodality neoadjuvant versus adjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer: results of the QUINTETT randomized trial09. Enhanced invasive mediastinal staging in an academic thoracic surgical unit by employing a shared accountability model for quality improvement10. Evaluation and harmonization of international database elements for adverse events monitoring following thoracic surgery: the pursuit of a common language11. Endobronchial ultrasound staging of operable non–small cell lung carcinoma: triple-negative lymph nodes may not require routine biopsy12. Wait times in the management of non-small cell lung cancer before, during and after regionalization of lung cancer care: a high-resolution analysis13. Wearable technology for preconditioning before thoracic surgery: a feasibility study14. Impact of carbohydrate-loading enhanced recovery after surgery protocol on adverse cardiopulmonary events in a thoracic surgery population15. Heat production during pulmonary artery sealing with energy vessel-sealing devices in a porcine model16. Who can afford to wait? The effect of wait times on survival in lung cancer patients: clinical predictors of poor outcomes17. Impact of the Integrated Comprehensive Care Program after thoracic surgery: a propensity score matched study18. Incidence, severity and risk of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing pulmonary resection for cancer19. Evaluation of the limits of use of a thoracoscopic lung palpation device to identify artificial tumour nodules in ex-vivo tissue20. Personalized surgical management of esophagogastric junction cancers21. Validity of a model to predict the risk of atrial fibrillation after thoracic surgery22. Severe symptoms persist for up to 1 year after diagnosis of stage I–III lung cancer: an analysis of province-wide patient-reported outcomes23. Do postoperative infectious adverse events influence cancer recurrence and survival after surgical resection of esophagogastric cancers? Experience from a Canadian university centre24. Utilization, safety and efficacy of hybrid esophagectomy on a population level25. Endoscopic submucosal dissection for upper gastrointestinal neoplasia: lessons learned from a high-volume North American centre26. Long-term quality of life after esophagectomy27. Early and late outcomes after surgery for pT4 NSCLC reclassified by AJCC 8th edition criteria28. Early results on the learning curve for subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy29. Should adjuvant therapy be offered for patients undergoing esophagectomy after neoadjuvant CROSS protocol for esophageal cancer? A multicentre cohort study30. Outcomes of patients discharged home with a chest tube following anatomic lung resection: a multicentre cohort study01. Management of cancer-associated intestinal obstruction in the final year of life02. Evaluating the prognostic significance of lymphovascular invasion in stage II and III colon cancer03. A matched case–control study on real-time electromagnetic navigation for breast-conserving surgery using NaviKnife04. Gaps in the management of depression symptom screening following cancer diagnosis: a population-based analysis of prospective symptom screening05. Patterns of symptom burden in neuroendocrine tumours: a population-based analysis of patient-reported outcomes06. Outcomes of salvage surgery for anal canal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis07. Expression of the Plk4 inhibitor FAM46C predicts better survival following resection of gastric adenocarcinoma08. Current treatment strategies and patterns of recurrence in locally advanced colon cancer09. A 5-year retrospective review of outcomes after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in a provincial peritoneal malignancy program10. Withdrawn11. Geographic disparities in care and outcomes for noncurative pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a population-based study12. How often is implant-based breast reconstruction following postmastectomy radiation unsuccessful?13. Comparison of partial mastectomy specimen volume and tumour volume following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer14. Two-year experience with hookwire localized clipped node and sentinel node as alternative to targeted axillary dissection in a regional centre15. Opioid use among cancer patients undergoing surgery and their associated risk of readmissions and emergency department visits in the 1-year postsurgical period16. Preliminary results of a pilot randomized controlled trial comparing axillary reverse mapping with standard axillary surgery in women with operable breast cancer17. Complementary and alternative medicine among general surgery patients in Nova Scotia18. Improving wait times and patient experience through implementation of a provincial expedited diagnostic pathway for BI-RADS 5 breast lesions19. Population-based regional recurrence patterns in Merkel cell carcinoma: a 15-year review20. Survival and health care cost benefits of high-volume care in the noncurative management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a population-based analysis21. Trends in the use of sentinel node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the United States22. Predictors of grossly incomplete resection in primary retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS)23. Mastectomy versus breast conservation therapy: an examination of how individual, clinicopathologic and physician factors influence decision making24. Immunophenotyping postoperative myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer surgery patients25. Adherence to sentinel lymph node biopsy guidelines in the management of cutaneous melanoma in the province of British Columbia26. Breast cancer with supraclavicular and internal mammary node metastases: therapeutic options27. Textbook outcomes and survival in patients with gastric cancer: an analysis of the population registry of esophageal and stomach tumours of Ontario (PRESTO)28. Withdrawn29. Symptomatic bowel complications in patients with metastatic cancer: comparison of surgical versus medical outcomes and development of a prediction model for successful surgical palliation30. Rejected31. Gastric cancer biopsies show distinct biomarker profiles compared with normal gastric mucosa in Canadian patients32. Withdrawn01. Management of high patient-reported pain scores in noncurative pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a population-based analysis02. Outcomes of liver donors with a future liver remnant less than or equal to 30%: a matched-cohort study03. The applicability of intraoperative fluorescent imaging with indocyanine green in hepatic resection for malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis04. Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy completion on outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma05. Primary hepatic acinar cell carcinoma06. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy provides equivalent oncologic outcomes for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma07. Passive versus active intraabdominal drainage following pancreatic resection: Does a superior drainage system exist? A systematic review and meta-analysis08. Low yield of preoperative MRCP and ERCP in the management of low-intermediate suspicion choledocholithiasis09. Pancreatic cancer resection rates and survival in the United States and Canada10. Prognostic value of immune heterogeneity in colorectal cancer liver metastases11. Impact of intraoperative hypovolemic phlebotomy on blood loss and perioperative transfusion in patients undergoing hepatectomy for cancer12. Prediction of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatectomy: a systematic review of clinical tools13. The impact of preoperative frailty in liver resection: an analysis of the American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP)14. Topical agents as adjuncts in pancreatic surgery for prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula: a systematic review and meta-analysis15. Phlebotomy resulting in controlled hypovolemia to prevent blood loss in major hepatic resections (PRICE-1): a feasibility randomized controlled trial16. Pylorus-preserving versus classic pancreaticoduodenectomy: a single-centre retrospective review of total lymph node yield17. An audit and evaluation of appropriateness of intraoperative allogenic red blood cell transfusion in liver surgery: application of 3 decision rules18. A comparison of lymph node ratio with AJCC lymph node status for survival after Whipple resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma19. Duodenopancréatectomie céphalique (intervention de Whipple) par voie laparoscopique pure20. Use of the Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) in acute liver failure: a multicentre experience21. Barriers to adjuvant chemotherapy after resection for pancreatic cancer22. Comparison of primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer by clinical and genomic features23. Factors associated with invasion and postoperative overall survival in resected IPMN01. Incisional hernia repair surgery improves patient-reported outcomes02. Prospective study of single-stage repair of contaminated hernias with the novel use of calcium sulfate antibiotic beads in conjunction with biologic porcine submucosa tissue matrix03. e-TEP transversus abdominus release04. Umbilical hernias05. Review of 1061 femoral hernias done at the Shouldice Hospital over a period of 6 years01. Metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery for a provincial Indigenous population02. Outcomes of sleeve gastrectomy performed in a regional hospital03. A longitudinal analysis of wait times in a publicly funded, regionalized bariatric care system04. Concurrent laparoscopic ventral hernia repair with bariatric surgery: a propensity-matched analysis05. Outcomes from explantation of laparoscopic adjustable gastric band: experience from a Canadian bariatric centre of excellence06. Development of consensus-derived quality indicators for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy07. Conversion of sleeve gastrectomy to laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in intestinal nonrotation08. The utility of routine preoperative upper gastrointestinal series for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy09. Body image concerns, depression, suicidality and psychopharmacological changes in postoperative bariatric surgery patients: a mixed-methods study10. Technical factors associated with early sleeve stenosis after sleeve gastrectomy: an analysis of the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) database11. Analysis of complication and readmission rates after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at a single bariatric surgery centre: a retrospective NSQIP study12. Management of common bile duct stones in patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a systematic review13. Improvement and resolution of urinary incontinence after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis14. Bridging interventions for weight loss prior to bariatric surgery in patients with superobesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis15. Secondary and tertiary learning curves in bariatric surgery16. Achalasia following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a case report17. Multidisciplinary approach to halving length of stay after bariatric surgery18. Prospective analysis of staple line haemostatic materials in stapled bariatric surgery19. Barriers and facilitators to managing patients with class II and III obesity in primary care: a qualitative study20. The Edmonton Obesity Staging System predicts risk of postoperative complications and mortality following bariatric surgery21. The impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on bariatric surgery outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis22. The effect of bariatric surgery on migraines: a systematic review and meta-analysis23. A population-based matched cohort study of mortality after bariatric surgery24. Safety and outcomes of bariatric surgery performed at an ambulatory site associated with a tertiary care hospital in Canada25. Race and sex predict adverse outcomes following bariatric surgery: a propensity-matched MBSAQIP analysis26. A survey of primary care physician referral to bariatric surgery: access, perceptions and barriers." Canadian Journal of Surgery 62, no. 4 Suppl 2 (2019): S89—S169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cjs.011719.
Full text
40
Gola, Paweł. "On the Importance of Social Status for Occupational Sorting." Economic Journal, January 8, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/uead119.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Models of self-selection predict that occupations with flat wage schedules attract workers of lower average ability. However, in certain prominent occupations such as academia and the civil service, wages are flat yet the average skill level is high. In this paper, I examine whether social status concerns can explain this puzzle. I find that within-occupation status allows flat-wage occupations to attract predominantly high-skilled workers, but only at the cost of attracting few workers overall. If, however, workers care both about within- and between-occupation status, then occupations paying flat wages can be arbitrarily large and attract workers of high average skill. I conclude that within- and between-occupation status concerns act as complements.
41
Mark, Billy. "Business Owners Need Roof Inspection Services." August 19, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5283/zenodo.5011445.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of roof inspection services is to ensure that the roof maintains its high-quality state. During roof inspections, certain tools and specialized materials are used to find and identify the extent of the roof damage and the required measures to maintain the roof in good shape. It is very important to hire a qualified roof inspection service provider to provide quality roofing service because there are different types of roofs with different conditions that demand different methods and ways of providing roofing service. A service provider should be able to inspect a variety of different types of roofs. Some of the different types of roofs include flat roof, metal roof, shingles, slate roof, and tile roof. Flat roof inspection services are usually performed during routine inspections of the roof to detect any leaks or signs of leaks. These leaks may not pose a threat to your home, but can cause some damage to your home. Flat roof inspection services also perform other tasks like inspecting for structural damage caused by severe weather, leaks, and mildew. Since severe weather can cause leaks and other damage, it is important that you make sure your roof is adequately protected against such weather conditions. Roofing inspection services that focus on providing roof repairs or roof inspections are most commonly provided by roofing contractors. When you hire roofing contractors to carry out roof inspections, they can be hired to perform several different types of inspections. For instance, some roofing contractors can inspect your roof for weak spots or areas of damage. These weak spots might have shingles or other elements that may break off from the roof, creating gaps. It can also be dangerous to climb ladders and go on roofs to repair them, especially if there are loose shingles on the roof. There is always the risk of falling from the ladder, which could lead to serious injuries and even death. When you hire professional roof inspection services to inspect your existing roof, they can assess the damage and recommend either new or replacement shingles or other roofing materials. This can help homeowners save money when it comes to commercial property repairs and replacements. Commercial property owners should also keep in mind that they have other residential roofing needs aside from making sure their roof is strong and stable. Commercial property owners often hire maintenance companies to clean their roofs regularly and make necessary repairs or modifications. However, many residential owners do not have the time or skills to do these maintenance projects themselves. Through this service, commercial property owners can enjoy the advantages of having a roofer carry out the required maintenance tasks and avoid spending too much time on them. Another advantage is that homeowners will only have to pay one visit to the roof inspection company for one inspection. Instead of scheduling several inspections for different areas of the roof, they will only have to schedule one for a single inspection. This means more savings for the homeowner. The inspector's fee will be eliminated. Even though the price might be higher than hiring a roofing contractor to perform the repair job, the cost of a roof inspection does not vary much from the cost of a contractor's services. One good reason to get roof inspection services is to determine whether your roof needs a repair or roof replacement. A repair might be needed to address structural issues that may have contributed to the damage or weak spot. A roofing contractor may be able to recommend a repair to strengthen the roof and make it weather-resistant. They will also be able to provide relevant information about metal roof restoration. This can help you avoid spending for costly repairs that may not really be needed. Metal roof restoration offers a number of benefits, such as the ability to repair damages quickly and easily. If there are shingles damaged, metal roof restoration is an excellent option to fix up old roofs. This is especially helpful for business owners who do not want to wait for the old roof system to rot completely. As soon as the repairs are done, their roofs will look great and they will still be functioning efficiently. They are a great way to reduce the risk of fire accidents in a home or business. In addition, metal roofs are more durable compared to other materials, which can help save money and time.
42
Al-Hawari, Feras. "Holistic University Website Management: People, Technology and Processes." TEM Journal, November 27, 2020, 1771–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18421/tem94-60.
Full textAbstract:
The fact that a university website is developed and managed primarily in-house entails addressing multiple challenges to enhance the product quality, organization productivity, and customer satisfaction. Therefore, this paper introduces a holistic approach to website management that incorporates three key elements of software management: people, technology, and processes. Accordingly, a multidisciplinary team structure with distinctly outlined leadership, roles, skills, and responsibilities is proposed to manage websites effectively. Besides, an appropriate technology stack is identified to develop a website that is content-based, has a flat content structure, is not interactive, and does not require complex workflows. Furthermore, suitable project management, software development, and website business processes are adopted to produce high-quality services while satisfying time and cost constraints. Finally, applicable evaluation methods and key performance indicators are suggested to assess the effectiveness of the adopted business processes and the quality attributes of the website.
43
Yan, Shouxuan, and Yun Yang. "Education Informatization 2.0 in China: Motivation, Framework, and Vision." ECNU Review of Education, October 15, 2020, 209653112094492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2096531120944929.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: This article aims to shed light on a latest education informatization policy blueprint in China, titled Education Informatization 2.0 Action Plan, which was promulgated by the Ministry of Education in China on April 18, 2018. Design/Approach/Methods: The study is an analytical policy review based on the policy documents, theoretical discussion, and development of practice. Findings: This new Chinese education informatization policy was driven by three factors: the promotion of education informatization 1.0 in China, the requirement of education modernization toward 2035, and the response to “Wisdom Education.” The framework for action can be summarized as “One Goal, Three Tasks, and Eight Actions.” The main features involve innovation-driven development rather than technology-driven development, committing to the expansion of digital educational resources rather than the digital presentation of textbooks, and aiming at improving teachers and students’ information literacy rather than the applied skills of information technology. The future vision of the plan involves building new models on talent cultivation, education service, and education governance. The new models on talent cultivation involve establishing “Wisdom Teaching” mode, learning mode, and intelligent learning environment supported by artificial intelligence technology. The new education service models entail building the admission and sharing mechanism of quality educational resources based on National Network for Education and the public service platform and system for educational resources by means of the cloud computing and artificial intelligence. The new education governance models involve achieving precise, flat, and humanized education governance. Originality/Value: This article entails expounding the motivation, framework for action, main features, and vision of the education informatization 2.0 in China, which will be helpful for learning and understanding the current background, stage, and future path of China’s education informatization.
44
Vinayachandra and Prasad K. Krishna. "PREMIER IoT SOLUTION DEVELOPMENT COMPANY –A CASE OF MOBILOITTE." May 21, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6568545.
Full textAbstract:
The life is made easy by a rising technology, the Internet of Things, which promised transformation in the way we work, we live, we play, we analyze and we think. The influence of IoT is seen everywhere today, from consumer products to military equipment, from motorbikes to airplanes, from manufacturing units to industries, and from daily use items to utility components and from house to smart cities. The everyday use objects which are being combined with Internet connection and data analytics capabilities guarantee ease of doing work, ease of living, ease of analyzing, ease of thinking and ease of playing. In essence, IoT provides a flat-form to interconnect various electronic devices through the Internet and open up a new world of possibilities. Mobiloitte is a leading complete service solution development company for IoT, AI, and BOTS along other related areas with time, security, scale and performance as its focus points. The company strives for ‘Top Notch Quality Work’ and ‘Complete Customer Satisfaction’ as its business ethics. E3 – Experience, Excellence, and Exuberance is the company’s work motto for the ‘Go-to-Market Strategy’ of the company to provide unique services and solutions to its customers and by that keeping itself in advantage position in the field competition. The company is equally comfortable to work with different types of setups like Start-Ups, Small & Medium Enterprises, Large Enterprises, Development Sector, Public-Private Partnerships, and Governments. Completion of more than 5000 projects in a span of a decade is a testimony to that. In this paper, we made an attempt to analyze various IoT solutions the company provides, highlight their technical backgrounds and list out their applications. At present, the company is providing IoT solutions in large spectrum covering areas like surveillance, power, video inspection, customer feedback, marketing, skill-building, security, etc. In addition, this article also deliberates business challenges and potential solutions to provide different IoT based solutions appropriate to customer requirements and lists out emerging IoT technologies with a futuristic outline.
45
Fayyaz, Anjum, and Jawad Syed. "Internal Communication and Change Management at Cotton Web Private Limited." Asian Journal of Management Cases, May 21, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09728201241241117.
Full textAbstract:
Cotton Web Private Limited (CW), an apparel company based in Lahore, was established in the late 1990s by entrepreneurs who faced limitations in resources and experience within the textile manufacturing and export sector. Despite these constraints, the directors successfully capitalized on a narrow window of opportunity, leveraging their entrepreneurial skills with the dedicated support of experienced employees and fostering a positive ‘can-do’ culture. By 2013, they had transformed the company from its inception in 1998 into a substantial enterprise with over 2,000 employees. At this juncture, the directors, particularly Daniyal and Waseem, decided to initiate a strategic change aimed at transitioning the flat, entrepreneurial structure of the company into a systematically managed organization. To facilitate this transformation, the directors enlisted the services of an external HR consultant to assess, design, and implement the strategic change process. Despite the positive intent behind the change process to foster organizational growth and enhance management systems, it encountered significant challenges. Communication breakdowns emerged at various levels and junctures, including between the directors and the HR consultant, between the consultant and the employees, and between the management and the workforce. The change process, unfortunately, resulted in thirteen resignations within a short timeframe, indicating its disruptive impact. This challenging situation left the directors in an uncomfortable position, compelling them to contemplate difficult decisions to address the issues at hand.
46
Schultz, Cristina, John P. Dunne, Xiao Liu, Elizabeth Drenkard, and Brendan Carter. "Characterizing Subsurface Oxygen Variability in the California Current System (CCS) and Its Links to Water Mass Distribution." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 129, no. 2 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023jc020000.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe california current system (CCS) supports a wide array of ecosystem services with hypoxia historically occurring in near‐bottom waters. Limited open ocean data coverage hinders the mechanistic understanding of CCS oxygen variability. By comparing three different models with varying horizontal resolutions, we found that dissolved oxygen (DO) anomalies in the CCS are propagated from shallower coastal areas to the deeper open ocean, where they are advected at a density and velocity consistent with basin‐scale circulation. Since DO decreases have been linked to water mass redistribution in the CCS, we conduct a water mass analysis on two of the models and on biogeochemical Argo floats that sampled multiple seasonal cycles. We found that high variability in biogeochemical variables (DO and nutrients) seen in regions of low variability of temperature and salinity could be linked to water mass mixing, as some of the water masses considered had higher gradients in biogeochemical variables compared to physical variables. Additional DO observations are needed, therefore, to further understand circulation changes in the CCS. We suggest that increased DO sampling north of 35˚N and near the shelf break would benefit model initialization and skill assessment, as well as allow for better assessment of the role of equatorial waters in driving DO in the northern CCS.
47
Vinayachandra and Krishna Prasad K. "IoT Solutions Industry Prospects Analysis with Specific Reference to Mobiloitte Inc." International Journal of Case Studies in Business, IT, and Education, April 26, 2020, 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47992/ijcsbe.2581.6942.0061.
Full textAbstract:
Life is made easy by a rising technology, the Internet of Things, which promisedtransformation in the way we work, we live, we play, we analyze and we think. Theinfluence of IoT is seen everywhere today, from consumer products to military equipment,from motorbikes to airplanes, from manufacturing units to industries, and from daily useitems to utility components and from house to smart cities. The everyday use objects whichare being combined with Internet connection and data analytics capabilities guarantee ease ofdoing work, ease of living, ease of analyzing, ease of thinking and ease of playing. Inessence, IoT provides a flat-form to interconnect various electronic devices through theInternet and open up a new world of possibilities. Mobiloitte is a leading complete servicesolution development company for IoT, AI, and BOTS along with other related areas withtime, security, scale and performance as its focus points. The company strives for 'Top NotchQuality Work' and 'Complete Customer Satisfaction' as its business ethics. E3 – Experience,Excellence, and Exuberance is the company's work motto for the 'Go-to-Market Strategy' ofthe company to provide unique services and solutions to its customers and by that keepingitself in advantage position in the field competition. The company is equally comfortableworking with different types of setups like Start-Ups, Small & Medium Enterprises, LargeEnterprises, Development Sector, Public-Private Partnerships, and Governments.Completion of more than 5000 projects in a decade is a testimony to that. In this paper, weat tempted to analyze various IoT solutions the company provides, highlight their technical backgrounds and list out their applications. At present, the company is providing IoT solutions in a large spectrum covering areas like surveillance, power, video inspection, customer feedback, marketing, skill-building, security, etc. Besides, this article also deliberates business challenges and potential solutions to provide different IoT based solutions appropriate to customer requirements and lists out emerging IoT technologies with a futuristic outline.
48
Champion, Katherine M. "A Risky Business? The Role of Incentives and Runaway Production in Securing a Screen Industries Production Base in Scotland." M/C Journal 19, no. 3 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1101.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionDespite claims that the importance of distance has been reduced due to technological and communications improvements (Cairncross; Friedman; O’Brien), the ‘power of place’ still resonates, often intensifying the role of geography (Christopherson et al.; Morgan; Pratt; Scott and Storper). Within the film industry, there has been a decentralisation of production from Hollywood, but there remains a spatial logic which has preferenced particular centres, such as Toronto, Vancouver, Sydney and Prague often led by a combination of incentives (Christopherson and Storper; Goldsmith and O’Regan; Goldsmith et al.; Miller et al.; Mould). The emergence of high end television, television programming for which the production budget is more than £1 million per television hour, has presented new opportunities for screen hubs sharing a very similar value chain to the film industry (OlsbergSPI with Nordicity).In recent years, interventions have proliferated with the aim of capitalising on the decentralisation of certain activities in order to attract international screen industries production and embed it within local hubs. Tools for building capacity and expertise have proliferated, including support for studio complex facilities, infrastructural investments, tax breaks and other economic incentives (Cucco; Goldsmith and O’Regan; Jensen; Goldsmith et al.; McDonald; Miller et al.; Mould). Yet experience tells us that these will not succeed everywhere. There is a need for a better understanding of both the capacity for places to build a distinctive and competitive advantage within a highly globalised landscape and the relative merits of alternative interventions designed to generate a sustainable production base.This article first sets out the rationale for the appetite identified in the screen industries for co-location, or clustering and concentration in a tightly drawn physical area, in global hubs of production. It goes on to explore the latest trends of decentralisation and examines the upturn in interventions aimed at attracting mobile screen industries capital and labour. Finally it introduces the Scottish screen industries and explores some of the ways in which Scotland has sought to position itself as a recipient of screen industries activity. The paper identifies some key gaps in infrastructure, most notably a studio, and calls for closer examination of the essential ingredients of, and possible interventions needed for, a vibrant and sustainable industry.A Compulsion for ProximityIt has been argued that particular spatial and place-based factors are central to the development and organisation of the screen industries. The film and television sector, the particular focus of this article, exhibit an extraordinarily high degree of spatial agglomeration, especially favouring centres with global status. It is worth noting that the computer games sector, not explored in this article, slightly diverges from this trend displaying more spatial patterns of decentralisation (Vallance), although key physical hubs of activity have been identified (Champion). Creative products often possess a cachet that is directly associated with their point of origin, for example fashion from Paris, films from Hollywood and country music from Nashville – although it can also be acknowledged that these are often strategic commercial constructions (Pecknold). The place of production represents a unique component of the final product as well as an authentication of substantive and symbolic quality (Scott, “Creative cities”). Place can act as part of a brand or image for creative industries, often reinforcing the advantage of being based in particular centres of production.Very localised historical, cultural, social and physical factors may also influence the success of creative production in particular places. Place-based factors relating to the built environment, including cheap space, public-sector support framework, connectivity, local identity, institutional environment and availability of amenities, are seen as possible influences in the locational choices of creative industry firms (see, for example, Drake; Helbrecht; Hutton; Leadbeater and Oakley; Markusen).Employment trends are notoriously difficult to measure in the screen industries (Christopherson, “Hollywood in decline?”), but the sector does contain large numbers of very small firms and freelancers. This allows them to be flexible but poses certain problems that can be somewhat offset by co-location. The findings of Antcliff et al.’s study of workers in the audiovisual industry in the UK suggested that individuals sought to reconstruct stable employment relations through their involvement in and use of networks. The trust and reciprocity engendered by stable networks, built up over time, were used to offset the risk associated with the erosion of stable employment. These findings are echoed by a study of TV content production in two media regions in Germany by Sydow and Staber who found that, although firms come together to work on particular projects, typically their business relations extend for a much longer period than this. Commonly, firms and individuals who have worked together previously will reassemble for further project work aided by their past experiences and expectations.Co-location allows the development of shared structures: language, technical attitudes, interpretative schemes and ‘communities of practice’ (Bathelt, et al.). Grabher describes this process as ‘hanging out’. Deep local pools of creative and skilled labour are advantageous both to firms and employees (Reimer et al.) by allowing flexibility, developing networks and offsetting risk (Banks et al.; Scott, “Global City Regions”). For example in Cook and Pandit’s study comparing the broadcasting industry in three city-regions, London was found to be hugely advantaged by its unrivalled talent pool, high financial rewards and prestigious projects. As Barnes and Hutton assert in relation to the wider creative industries, “if place matters, it matters most to them” (1251). This is certainly true for the screen industries and their spatial logic points towards a compulsion for proximity in large global hubs.Decentralisation and ‘Sticky’ PlacesDespite the attraction of global production hubs, there has been a decentralisation of screen industries from key centres, starting with the film industry and the vertical disintegration of Hollywood studios (Christopherson and Storper). There are instances of ‘runaway production’ from the 1920s onwards with around 40 per cent of all features being accounted for by offshore production in 1960 (Miller et al., 133). This trend has been increasing significantly in the last 20 years, leading to the genesis of new hubs of screen activity such as Toronto, Vancouver, Sydney and Prague (Christopherson, “Project work in context”; Goldsmith et al.; Mould; Miller et al.; Szczepanik). This development has been prompted by a multiplicity of reasons including favourable currency value differentials and economic incentives. Subsidies and tax breaks have been offered to secure international productions with most countries demanding that, in order to qualify for tax relief, productions have to spend a certain amount of their budget within the local economy, employ local crew and use domestic creative talent (Hill). Extensive infrastructure has been developed including studio complexes to attempt to lure productions with the advantage of a full service offering (Goldsmith and O’Regan).Internationally, Canada has been the greatest beneficiary of ‘runaway production’ with a state-led enactment of generous film incentives since the late 1990s (McDonald). Vancouver and Toronto are the busiest locations for North American Screen production after Los Angeles and New York, due to exchange rates and tax rebates on labour costs (Miller et al., 141). 80% of Vancouver’s production is attributable to runaway production (Jensen, 27) and the city is considered by some to have crossed a threshold as:It now possesses sufficient depth and breadth of talent to undertake the full array of pre-production, production and post-production services for the delivery of major motion pictures and TV programmes. (Barnes and Coe, 19)Similarly, Toronto is considered to have established a “comprehensive set of horizontal and vertical media capabilities” to ensure its status as a “full function media centre” (Davis, 98). These cities have successfully engaged in entrepreneurial activity to attract production (Christopherson, “Project Work in Context”) and in Vancouver the proactive role of provincial government and labour unions are, in part, credited with its success (Barnes and Coe). Studio-complex infrastructure has also been used to lure global productions, with Toronto, Melbourne and Sydney all being seen as key examples of where such developments have been used as a strategic priority to take local production capacity to the next level (Goldsmith and O’Regan).Studies which provide a historiography of the development of screen-industry hubs emphasise a complex interplay of social, cultural and physical conditions. In the complex and global flows of the screen industries, ‘sticky’ hubs have emerged with the ability to attract and retain capital and skilled labour. Despite being principally organised to attract international production, most studio complexes, especially those outside of global centres need to have a strong relationship to local or national film and television production to ensure the sustainability and depth of the labour pool (Goldsmith and O’Regan, 2003). Many have a broadcaster on site as well as a range of companies with a media orientation and training facilities (Goldsmith and O’Regan, 2003; Picard, 2008). The emergence of film studio complexes in the Australian Gold Coast and Vancouver was accompanied by an increasing role for television production and this multi-purpose nature was important for the continuity of production.Fostering a strong community of below the line workers, such as set designers, locations managers, make-up artists and props manufacturers, can also be a clear advantage in attracting international productions. For example at Cinecitta in Italy, the expertise of set designers and experienced crews in the Barrandov Studios of Prague are regarded as major selling points of the studio complexes there (Goldsmith and O’Regan; Miller et al.; Szczepanik). Natural and built environments are also considered very important for film and television firms and it is a useful advantage for capturing international production when cities can double for other locations as in the cases of Toronto, Vancouver, Prague for example (Evans; Goldsmith and O’Regan; Szczepanik). Toronto, for instance, has doubled for New York in over 100 films and with regard to television Due South’s (1994-1998) use of Toronto as Chicago was estimated to have saved 40 per cent in costs (Miller et al., 141).The Scottish Screen Industries Within mobile flows of capital and labour, Scotland has sought to position itself as a recipient of screen industries activity through multiple interventions, including investment in institutional frameworks, direct and indirect economic subsidies and the development of physical infrastructure. Traditionally creative industry activity in the UK has been concentrated in London and the South East which together account for 43% of the creative economy workforce (Bakhshi et al.). In order, in part to redress this imbalance and more generally to encourage the attraction and retention of international production a range of policies have been introduced focused on the screen industries. A revised Film Tax Relief was introduced in 2007 to encourage inward investment and prevent offshoring of indigenous production, and this has since been extended to high-end television, animation and children’s programming. Broadcasting has also experienced a push for decentralisation led by public funding with a responsibility to be regionally representative. The BBC (“BBC Annual Report and Accounts 2014/15”) is currently exceeding its target of 50% network spend outside London by 2016, with 17% spent in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Channel 4 has similarly committed to commission at least 9% of its original spend from the nations by 2020. Studios have been also developed across the UK including at Roath Lock (Cardiff), Titanic Studios (Belfast), MedicaCity (Salford) and The Sharp Project (Manchester).The creative industries have been identified as one of seven growth sectors for Scotland by the government (Scottish Government). In 2010, the film and video sector employed 3,500 people and contributed £120 million GVA and £120 million adjusted GVA to the economy and the radio and TV sector employed 3,500 people and contributed £50 million GVA and £400 million adjusted GVA (The Scottish Parliament). Beyond the direct economic benefits of sectors, the on-screen representation of Scotland has been claimed to boost visitor numbers to the country (EKOS) and high profile international film productions have been attracted including Skyfall (2012) and WWZ (2013).Scotland has historically attracted international film and TV productions due to its natural locations (VisitScotland) and on average, between 2009-2014, six big budget films a year used Scottish locations both urban and rural (BOP Consulting, 2014). In all, a total of £20 million was generated by film-making in Glasgow during 2011 (Balkind) with WWZ (2013) and Cloud Atlas (2013), representing Philadelphia and San Francisco respectively, as well as doubling for Edinburgh for the recent acclaimed Scottish films Filth (2013) and Sunshine on Leith (2013). Sanson (80) asserts that the use of the city as a site for international productions not only brings in direct revenue from production money but also promotes the city as a “fashionable place to live, work and visit. Creativity makes the city both profitable and ‘cool’”.Nonetheless, issues persist and it has been suggested that Scotland lacks a stable and sustainable film industry, with low indigenous production levels and variable success from year to year in attracting inward investment (BOP Consulting). With regard to crew, problems with an insufficient production base have been identified as an issue in maintaining a pipeline of skills (BOP Consulting). Developing ‘talent’ is a central aspect of the Scottish Government’s Strategy for the Creative Industries, yet there remains the core challenge of retaining skills and encouraging new talent into the industry (BOP Consulting).With regard to film, a lack of substantial funding incentives and the absence of a studio have been identified as a key concern for the sector. For example, within the film industry the majority of inward investment filming in Scotland is location work as it lacks the studio facilities that would enable it to sustain a big-budget production in its entirety (BOP Consulting). The absence of such infrastructure has been seen as contributing to a drain of Scottish talent from these industries to other areas and countries where there is a more vibrant sector (BOP Consulting). The loss of Scottish talent to Northern Ireland was attributed to the longevity of the work being provided by Games of Thrones (2011-) now having completed its six series at the Titanic Studios in Belfast (EKOS) although this may have been stemmed somewhat recently with the attraction of US high-end TV series Outlander (2014-) which has been based at Wardpark in Cumbernauld since 2013.Television, both high-end production and local broadcasting, appears crucial to the sustainability of screen production in Scotland. Outlander has been estimated to contribute to Scotland’s production spend figures reaching a historic high of £45.8 million in 2014 (Creative Scotland ”Creative Scotland Screen Strategy Update”). The arrival of the program has almost doubled production spend in Scotland, offering the chance for increased stability for screen industries workers. Qualifying for UK High-End Television Tax Relief, Outlander has engaged a crew of approximately 300 across props, filming and set build, and cast over 2,000 supporting artist roles from within Scotland and the UK.Long running drama, in particular, offers key opportunities for both those cutting their teeth in the screen industries and also by providing more consistent and longer-term employment to existing workers. BBC television soap River City (2002-) has been identified as a key example of such an opportunity and the programme has been credited with providing a springboard for developing the skills of local actors, writers and production crew (Hibberd). This kind of pipeline of production is critical given the work patterns of the sector. According to Creative Skillset, of the 4,000 people in Scotland are employed in the film and television industries, 40% of television workers are freelance and 90% of film production work in freelance (EKOS).In an attempt to address skills gaps, the Outlander Trainee Placement Scheme has been devised in collaboration with Creative Scotland and Creative Skillset. During filming of Season One, thirty-eight trainees were supported across a range of production and craft roles, followed by a further twenty-five in Season Two. Encouragingly Outlander, and the books it is based on, is set in Scotland so the authenticity of place has played a strong component in the decision to locate production there. Producer David Brown began his career on Bill Forsyth films Gregory’s Girl (1981), Local Hero (1983) and Comfort and Joy (1984) and has a strong existing relationship to Scotland. He has been very vocal in his support for the trainee program, contending that “training is the future of our industry and we at Outlander see the growth of talent and opportunities as part of our mission here in Scotland” (“Outlander fast tracks next generation of skilled screen talent”).ConclusionsThis article has aimed to explore the relationship between place and the screen industries and, taking Scotland as its focus, has outlined a need to more closely examine the ways in which the sector can be supported. Despite the possible gains in terms of building a sustainable industry, the state-led funding of the global screen industries is contested. The use of tax breaks and incentives has been problematised and critiques range from use of public funding to attract footloose media industries to the increasingly zero sum game of competition between competing places (Morawetz; McDonald). In relation to broadcasting, there have been critiques of a ‘lift and shift’ approach to policy in the UK, with TV production companies moving to the nations and regions temporarily to meet the quota and leaving once a production has finished (House of Commons). Further to this, issues have been raised regarding how far such interventions can seed and develop a rich production ecology that offers opportunities for indigenous talent (Christopherson and Rightor).Nonetheless recent success for the screen industries in Scotland can, at least in part, be attributed to interventions including increased decentralisation of broadcasting and the high-end television tax incentives. This article has identified gaps in infrastructure which continue to stymie growth and have led to production drain to other centres. Important gaps in knowledge can also be acknowledged that warrant further investigation and unpacking including the relationship between film, high-end television and broadcasting, especially in terms of the opportunities they offer for screen industries workers to build a career in Scotland and notable gaps in infrastructure and the impact they have on the loss of production.ReferencesAntcliff, Valerie, Richard Saundry, and Mark Stuart. Freelance Worker Networks in Audio-Visual Industries. University of Central Lancashire, 2004.Bakhshi, Hasan, John Davies, Alan Freeman, and Peter Higgs. "The Geography of the UK’s Creative and High–Tech Economies." 2015.Balkind, Nicola. World Film Locations: Glasgow. Intellect Books, 2013.Banks, Mark, Andy Lovatt, Justin O’Connor, and Carlo Raffo. "Risk and Trust in the Cultural Industries." Geoforum 31.4 (2000): 453-464.Barnes, Trevor, and Neil M. Coe. “Vancouver as Media Cluster: The Cases of Video Games and Film/TV." Media Clusters: Spatial Agglomeration and Content Capabilities (2011): 251-277.Barnes, Trevor, and Thomas Hutton. "Situating the New Economy: Contingencies of Regeneration and Dislocation in Vancouver's Inner City." Urban Studies 46.5-6 (2009): 1247-1269.Bathelt, Harald, Anders Malmberg, and Peter Maskell. "Clusters and Knowledge: Local Buzz, Global Pipelines and the Process of Knowledge Creation." Progress in Human Geography 28.1 (2004): 31-56.BBC Annual Report and Accounts 2014/15 London: BBC (2015)BOP Consulting Review of the Film Sector in Glasgow: Report for Creative Scotland. Edinburgh: BOP Consulting, 2014.Champion, Katherine. "Problematizing a Homogeneous Spatial Logic for the Creative Industries: The Case of the Digital Games Industry." Changing the Rules of the Game. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. 9-27.Cairncross, Francis. The Death of Distance London: Orion Business, 1997.Channel 4. Annual Report. London: Channel 4, 2014.Christopherson, Susan. "Project Work in Context: Regulatory Change and the New Geography of Media." Environment and Planning A 34.11 (2002): 2003-2015.———. "Hollywood in Decline? US Film and Television Producers beyond the Era of Fiscal Crisis." Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 6.1 (2013): 141-157.Christopherson, Susan, and Michael Storper. "The City as Studio; the World as Back Lot: The Impact of Vertical Disintegration on the Location of the Motion Picture Industry." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 4.3 (1986): 305-320.Christopherson, Susan, and Ned Rightor. "The Creative Economy as “Big Business”: Evaluating State Strategies to Lure Filmmakers." Journal of Planning Education and Research 29.3 (2010): 336-352.Christopherson, Susan, Harry Garretsen, and Ron Martin. "The World Is Not Flat: Putting Globalization in Its Place." Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 1.3 (2008): 343-349.Cook, Gary A.S., and Naresh R. Pandit. "Service Industry Clustering: A Comparison of Broadcasting in Three City-Regions." The Service Industries Journal 27.4 (2007): 453-469.Creative Scotland Creative Scotland Screen Strategy Update. 2016. <http://www.creativescotland.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/33992/Creative-Scotland-Screen-Strategy-Update-Feb2016.pdf>.———. Outlander Fast Tracks Next Generation of Skilled Screen Talent. 2016. <http://www.creativescotland.com/what-we-do/latest-news/archive/2016/02/outlander-fast-tracks-next-generation-of-skilled-screen-talent>.Cucco, Marco. "Blockbuster Outsourcing: Is There Really No Place like Home?" Film Studies 13.1 (2015): 73-93.Davis, Charles H. "Media Industry Clusters and Public Policy." Media Clusters: Spatial Agglomeration and Content Capabilities (2011): 72-98.Drake, Graham. "‘This Place Gives Me Space’: Place and Creativity in the Creative Industries." Geoforum 34.4 (2003): 511-524.EKOS. “Options for a Film and TV Production Space: Report for Scottish Enterprise.” Glasgow: EKOS, March 2014.Evans, Graeme. "Creative Cities, Creative Spaces and Urban Policy." Urban Studies 46.5-6 (2009): 1003-1040.Freidman, Thomas. "The World Is Flat." New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006.Goldsmith, Ben, and Tom O’Regan. “Cinema Cities, Media Cities: The Contemporary International Studio Complex.” Screen Industry, Culture and Policy Research Series. Sydney: Australian Film Commission, Sep. 2003.Goldsmith, Ben, Susan Ward, and Tom O’Regan. "Global and Local Hollywood." InMedia. The French Journal of Media and Media Representations in the English-Speaking World 1 (2012).Grabher, Gernot. "The Project Ecology of Advertising: Tasks, Talents and Teams." Regional Studies 36.3 (2002): 245-262.Helbrecht, Ilse. "The Creative Metropolis Services, Symbols and Spaces." Zeitschrift für Kanada Studien 18 (1998): 79-93.Hibberd, Lynne. "Devolution in Policy and Practice: A Study of River City and BBC Scotland." Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture 4.3 (2007): 107-205.Hill, John. "'This Is for the Batmans as Well as the Vera Drakes': Economics, Culture and UK Government Film Production Policy in the 2000s." Journal of British Cinema and Television 9.3 (2012): 333-356.House of Commons Scottish Affairs Committee. “Creative Industries in Scotland.” Second Report of Session 2015–16. London: House of Commons, 2016.Hutton, Thomas A. "The New Economy of the Inner City." Cities 21.2 (2004): 89-108.Jensen, Rodney J.C. "The Spatial and Economic Contribution of Sydney's Visual Entertainment Industries." Australian Planner 48.1 (2011): 24-36.Leadbeater, Charles, and Kate Oakley. Surfing the Long Wave: Knowledge Entrepreneurship in Britain. London: Demos, 2001.McDonald, Adrian H. "Down the Rabbit Hole: The Madness of State Film Incentives as a 'Solution' to Runaway Production." University of Pennsylvania Journal of Business Law 14.85 (2011): 85-163.Markusen, Ann. "Sticky Places in Slippery Space: A Typology of Industrial Districts." Economic Geography (1996): 293-313.———. "Urban Development and the Politics of a Creative Class: Evidence from a Study of Artists." Environment and Planning A 38.10 (2006): 1921-1940.Miller, Toby, N. Govil, J. McMurria, R. Maxwell, and T. Wang. Global Hollywood 2. London: BFI, 2005.Morawetz, Norbert, et al. "Finance, Policy and Industrial Dynamics—The Rise of Co‐productions in the Film Industry." Industry and Innovation 14.4 (2007): 421-443.Morgan, Kevin. "The Exaggerated Death of Geography: Learning, Proximity and Territorial Innovation Systems." Journal of Economic Geography 4.1 (2004): 3-21.Mould, Oli. "Mission Impossible? Reconsidering the Research into Sydney's Film Industry." Studies in Australasian Cinema 1.1 (2007): 47-60.O’Brien, Richard. "Global Financial Integration: The End of Geography." London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, Pinter Publishers, 2002.OlsbergSPI with Nordicity. “Economic Contribution of the UK’s Film, High-End TV, Video Game, and Animation Programming Sectors.” Report presented to the BFI, Pinewood Shepperton plc, Ukie, the British Film Commission and Pact. London: BFI, Feb. 2015.Pecknold, Diane. "Heart of the Country? The Construction of Nashville as the Capital of Country Music." Sounds and the City. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. 19-37.Picard, Robert G. Media Clusters: Local Agglomeration in an Industry Developing Networked Virtual Clusters. Jönköping International Business School, 2008.Pratt, Andy C. "New Media, the New Economy and New Spaces." Geoforum 31.4 (2000): 425-436.Reimer, Suzanne, Steven Pinch, and Peter Sunley. "Design Spaces: Agglomeration and Creativity in British Design Agencies." Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 90.2 (2008): 151-172.Sanson, Kevin. Goodbye Brigadoon: Place, Production, and Identity in Global Glasgow. Diss. University of Texas at Austin, 2011.Scott, Allen J. "Creative Cities: Conceptual Issues and Policy Questions." Journal of Urban Affairs 28.1 (2006): 1-17.———. Global City-Regions: Trends, Theory, Policy. Oxford University Press, 2002.Scott, Allen J., and Michael Storper. "Regions, Globalization, Development." Regional Studies 41.S1 (2007): S191-S205.The Scottish Government. The Scottish Government Economic Strategy. Edinburgh: Scottish Government, 2015.———. Growth, Talent, Ambition – the Government’s Strategy for the Creative Industries. Edinburgh: Scottish Government, 2011.The Scottish Parliament Economy, Energy and Tourism Committee. The Economic Impact of the Film, TV and Video Games Industries. Edinburgh: Scottish Parliament, 2015.Sydow, Jörg, and Udo Staber. "The Institutional Embeddedness of Project Networks: The Case of Content Production in German Television." Regional Studies 36.3 (2002): 215-227.Szczepanik, Petr. "Globalization through the Eyes of Runners: Student Interns as Ethnographers on Runaway Productions in Prague." Media Industries 1.1 (2014).Vallance, Paul. "Creative Knowing, Organisational Learning, and Socio-Spatial Expansion in UK Videogame Development Studios." Geoforum 51 (2014): 15-26.Visit Scotland. “Scotland Voted Best Cinematic Destination in the World.” 2015. <https://www.visitscotland.com/blog/films/scotland-voted-best-cinematic-destination-in-the-world/>.
49
Mistretta, Suzanne. "Amending Federal Regulations to Counteract Language Barriers in the Informed Consent Process." Voices in Bioethics 8 (January 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/vib.v8i.8815.
Full textAbstract:
Photo by Amador Loureiro on Unsplash ABSTRACT As English is the predominant language of research protocols in the United States, non-English speaking subjects face language barriers during clinical trial enrollment. Federal regulation 45 C.F.R. 46 requires that a research subject receive information about a clinical trial “in language understandable to the subject or the legally authorized representative." A researcher may enroll a subject using short-form consent when a long-form translation in the subject’s native language is not available. However, the abbreviated short form does not adequately inform the subject of the study’s purpose and potential risks. United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) leaders should amend federal guidance to provide specific details on obtaining proper informed consent when there is a language barrier. The code of federal regulations should also establish a standard for quality translation services and interpreters. This paper will review current federal regulations and draft policy, analyze literature describing hospital experiences, and discuss non-compliance areas. This author recommends an amendment to federal policy, which is important because it helps ensure the rights of study participants under the principle of justice. INTRODUCTION As English is the predominant language of research protocols in the United States, non-English speaking subjects face language barriers during clinical trial enrollment. Law requires that a research subject should receive information about a clinical trial “inlanguage understandable to the subject or the legally authorized representative.”[1]This law states that a researcher may enroll a subject using a “short-form” consent when a “long-form” translation in the subject’s native language is not available.[2]However, the abbreviated short form does not adequately inform the subject of the study’s purpose and potential risks. Furthermore, the law does not outline a standard for quality translators. United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) leaders should amend federal guidance to provide specific details on obtaining proper informed consent when there is a language barrier.[3]The Code of Federal Regulations should also establish a standard for quality translation services and interpreters. This paper will review current federal regulations and draft policy, analyze literature describing hospital experiences, and discuss non-compliance areas. I. Draft Guidance In 1995, HHS issued a policy memo clarifying the informed consent process for individuals who do not speak English.[4]The policy states that the witness required for the signing of consent documents should be fluent in both languages and that the study team should issue a translated short form.[5]The guidance still does not require an official translator in the short-form process. However, if used, the translator may serve as witness as well.[6]The policy does not mention the translator’s language proficiency requirements or whether the institution must provide the translator.[7] In 2014, HHS issued draft guidance to expand upon the requirements for informed consent. Per its disclaimer, the guidance is non-binding and not intended for implementation.[8]First, the guidance attempts to clarify the phrase “language understandable”, by adding “the information presented to potential subjects is in a language, and at a level they can comprehend, including an explanation of scientific and medical terms.”[9]The draft guidance also notes that all potential research subjects needing translation might have a low level of health literacy and education. Suppose the research subjects expect a non-English speaking group of participants for enrollment. In that case, the guidance suggests that the researchers provide a long-form translation of study materials before an institutional review board (IRB) initial review of the “appropriately translated consent documents (i.e., either a long form or a short form with written summary).”[10]To satisfy the guidance, researchers would need to provide multiple translations of the same document as the study progresses and the IRB proposes edits to the long-form English document. Because translating the informed consent forms is costly and time-consuming, having a long form available is not always feasible or practical. Foreseeing this problem, HHS outlined three steps for what to do when a subject’s language is not expected or planned for in the population. First, the guidance suggests that the investigator “determine that there is Sufficient Justification to Enroll the Subject Without Using a Translated Long-form to Document the Subject’s Informed Consent.”[11]Although this provision protects non-English-speaking subjects from uninformed consent, it adds a barrier to enrollment. The investigator must justify the registration of the individual based on the individual’s language. The justification process may delay enrollment, placing individuals at a disadvantage based on their language. If the researcher can adequately justify and use the short-form consent process, the investigator must then translate the long-form consent. After the subject starts participating in research, the investigator then provides the long-form translated document. II. Short Form and Noncompliance Vagueness in the federal regulations has caused disparate interpretation among institutions, leading to noncompliance.[12]Each institution has its own interpretation of 45 CFR 46, also known as the Common Rule, which protects vulnerable research subjects and provides research teams with a short-form template.[13]As noted above, the regulations do not require a translator, nor do they specify the translator’s specific role or qualifications.[14]HHS has not made it clear whether the witness may be a member of the study team or related to the patient, or whether the witness providing interpretation must be independent. Furthermore, it is not clear if the witness is overseeing merely the signing of the document or serving as a witness to the informed consent process.[15]In review of noncompliance areas, the institution should clarify the use of short-form consent, the witness’s role, and impose qualification requirements for translators.[16]Each institution will have its own resources and interpretations. Therefore, non-English speakers will find different translation quality across many research institutions. An individual may receive a different research experience and quality of language resources based on location and the degree to which their language was expected by the research team. This barrier is an implicit form of discrimination and violates the principle of justice. III. Equitable Selection of Subjects Minority populations are underrepresented in research due to a lack of cultural competence and language barriers to subject recruitment.[17]Paradoxically, minority populations are most impacted by many of the diseases for which there are clinical trials.[18]In 2015, researchers surveyed 10,000 studies registered on clinicaltrials.gov.[19]The authors found, “English fluency requirements have been increasing over time, from 1.7% of trials having such requirements before 2000 to 9.0% after 2010.”[20]Researchers who often exclude non-English speaking ethnic minorities claim that diversity may impact whether the studied intervention’s effect is noticed.[21]This manipulation of the subject population goes against the principle of justice outlined in the Belmont Report. Of 14,367 clinical research studies registered on clinicaltrials.gov between 2010 and 2020, 18.98 percent required subjects to be fluent in English.[22]Regulations and institutions do not compel researchers to include non-English speaking subjects; the researcher is not breaking any federal regulations by excluding them. From an ethical standpoint, the deliberate exclusion based on an inability to read/write in English is inequitable and unjust. In 2018, researchers reviewed enrollment rates and staff competency for subject enrollment.[23]Researchers found low levels of cultural competency among research staff and a misunderstanding of the federal regulations.[24]In 2005, researchers reviewed the importance of cultural competency training for healthcare providers.[25]Authors synthesized data based on 34 programs and found that competency programs improved provider “knowledge, attitudes, and skills, and patients’ ratings of care.”[26]However, cultural competency programs did not improve or impact patient compliance and health outcomes.[27]Authors requested more research to evaluate cultural training’s impact on researcher bias and attitudes toward subject inclusion.[28] IV. Institutional Barriers In 2018, researchers conducted a review of approximately 1,500 clinical trials at Boston Children’s Hospital and its Anesthesia Research Unit to identify enrollment barriers for non-English-speaking subjects.[29]The researchers discovered that the number of potential non-English speaking subjects increased, while the number of studies approved to enroll non-English speaking subjects did not grow at the same rate.[30]Of 1,492 studies that were open to enrollment between 2011 and 2016, 714 did not allow non-English speaking subjects.[31]The institution cited six barriers to enrollment that precluded these minority-language populations (Table 1).[32] The barriers described in Categories 1, 3, and 5 are due to a lack of translators, funding, or validated translated material. Categories 2, 4, and 6 may reflect an implicit bias on the institution’s part and suggest a lack of cultural understanding. Some researchers[33]called on the institution to increase cultural awareness and to provide resources to address the effects of the language barrier on enrollment.[34]However, with no set standard on the institutional level, it is up to the researchers to address this discrepancy and uphold the principle of justice. The uneven distribution of resources requires the research subjects to counteract their own language barrier. In many clinical cases, as time is of the essence, a person may need to seek several research options before participating in their desired study. Until each institution discloses its barriers and noncompliance, we have no way of knowing the full extent of this problem. V. Policy Recommendations The current HHS regulations and draft guidance are not sufficient to resolve implicit bias and logistical problems that arise when enrolling non-English speaking subjects. HHS should take the following actions. First, HHS should translate short-form consent forms for the most common languages in the US. HHS should then publish the translated documents for use as a template on its website for centers that lack adequate translation resources. Second, HHS should create a federal database of qualified translators who meet language proficiency benchmarks established by HHS. Individuals listed on this database should provide written translation of study materials and verbal translations during the consent process. The database should contain individuals affiliated and unaffiliated with an institution to track credentials and verify language proficiency. Third, HHS should create a federal fund for institutions to draw from when they need resources for long-form translations or translators. HHS should amend the Common Rule to add specificity. It should define the role of the witness in the short-form consent process to eliminate unequal interpretations across study sites. Second, it should mandate that the IRB obtain strong justification for the exclusion of subjects based on English-fluency criteria. Third, it should recommend cultural competency programs for investigators at the institutional level. VI. Limitations The proposed actions and policy may face objections from the federal government and industry. At the federal level, the government may not have the resources or funding needed to establish a nationwide registry of translators or quality check for fluency. HHS may need to develop a separate office to track these credentials and select a proficiency baseline. Perhaps an independent organization should be contracted by the government to perform these quality checks on a regional basis and call on the states to help fund the project. Also, the federal government may not have adequate resources to create a national fund for institutional-level translation services. One solution may be to include a flat rate of translation in the site budget during start-up activities. The government would be responsible for translations for government-sponsored research when the institution cannot feasibly provide a translation. Research centers can pull from the translator database for institutional studies if they cannot translate in-house. For pharmaceutical corporation-led protocols, industry sponsors may not appreciate the added cost of translation. However, by mandating the fee, the government would eliminate systemic discrimination based on English fluency. VII. Support Researchers should show support for more specific guidance on the institutional level, granted they receive adequate resources to meet the regulations. By clarifying the use of a translator and the role of a witness, and establishing common resources, every institution will benefit. Furthermore, it is crucial to hold institutions accountable for supporting cultural competency initiatives. These programs do not need to be intensive or expensive; there are many resources available to the public on websites such as YouTube. Institutions should make cultural competency programming a mandatory requirement for staff training during the orientation and continuing education. Encouraging cultural competency programs will improve provider attitudes and subject treatment. CONCLUSION Federal regulations do not require the use of resources when enrolling a subject who is non-English speaking, nor do they mandate the inclusion of “unexpected” populations based on language. Lack of clarity and specificity on the federal level places the onus of responsibility on the institution to mitigate language barriers. The lack of universal policy leads to an unequal research experience among institutions and locations. Furthermore, clinical trial sponsors may manipulate data based on limiting the study population and engaging in studies that overly represent homogeneous populations. Influencing the study population will skew results and will not lead to generalizable knowledge. To uphold the principle of justice, the research community must gather its resources to support non-English speaking subjects who wish to participate in research. [1]“45 C.F.R. 46 FAQs,” 45 C.F.R. §46.116 (a)(3), Office for Human Research Protections, last modified 2018, https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/regulations-and-policy/guidance/faq/45-cfr-46/index.html#:~:text=Basic%20regulations%20governing%20the%20protection,were%20first%20published%20in%201974. [2]Office for Human Research Protections, “45 C.F.R. 46 FAQs.” [3]“Protection of Human Subjects, 45 C.F.R.§ 46,” United States Department of Health and Human Services, last modified 2018, https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/retrieveECFR?gp=&SID=83cd09e1c0f5c6937cd9d7513160fc3f&pitd=20180719&n=pt45.1.46&r=PART&ty=HTML. [4]Office for Human Research Protections, 45 C.F.R. §46.117(b)(2), “45 C.F.R. 46 FAQs.” [5]The researcher can orally present the information to the subject or LAR, with a witness present, and provide a short-form of consent with a brief written summary of the research. [6]“Informed Consent of Subjects Who Do Not Speak English,” Office for Human Research Protections, last modified February 25, 2016, https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/regulations-and-policy/guidance/obtaining-and-documenting-infomed-consent-non-english-speakers/index.html. [7]Lad, Pramod M., and Rebecca Dahl. "Overcoming Language Barriers in the Informed Consent Process: Regulatory and Compliance Issues With the use of the ‘Short Form.’” Accountability in Research 21, no. 5 (2014): 315-320. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2013.848801. [8]“Informed Consent Information Sheet Guidance for IRBs, Clinical Investigators, and Sponsors Draft Guidance,” Office of the Commissioner, last modified 2014, https://www.fda.gov/media/88915/download. [9]Office of the Commissioner, “Informed Consent Information Sheet Guidance.” [10]Office of the Commissioner, “Informed Consent Information Sheet Guidance.” [11]Office of the Commissioner, “Informed Consent Information Sheet Guidance.” [12]Lad and Dahl, “Regulatory and Compliance Issues.” [13]Lad and Dahl, “Regulatory and Compliance Issues.” [14]Lad and Dahl, “Regulatory and Compliance Issues.” [15]Lad and Dahl, “Regulatory and Compliance Issues.” [16]Lad and Dahl, “Regulatory and Compliance Issues.” [17]Staples, Jeanine N. et al., "Language as a Barrier to Cancer Clinical Trial Accrual: Assessing Consenting Team Knowledge and Practices for Cancer Clinical Trial Consent Among Low English Fluency Patients." Applied Cancer Research 38, no. 1 (2018): 1-7.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41241-018-0065-9. [18]Staples et al., “Language as a Barrier.” [19]Egleston, Brian L. et al., "Characteristics of Clinical Trials That Require Participants to be Fluent in English." Clinical Trials 12, no. 6 (2015): 618-626.https://doi.org/10.1177/1740774515592881. [20]Egleston et al., “Characteristics of Clinical Trials.” [21]Egleston et al., “Characteristics of Clinical Trials.” [22]Muthukumar AV, Morrell W, Bierer BE (2021) Evaluating the frequency of English language requirements in clinical trial eligibility criteria: A systematic analysis using ClinicalTrials.gov. PLoS Med 18(9): e1003758. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003758 https://doi.org/10.1080/08989620600654043. [23]Staples et al., “Language as a Barrier.” [24]Staples et al., “Language as a Barrier.” [25]Beach, Mary Catherine et al., "Cultural Competency: A Systematic Review of Health Care Provider Educational Interventions." Medical Care 43, no. 4 (2005): 356. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mlr.0000156861.58905.96. [26]Beach et al., “Cultural Competence,” 8. [27]Beach et al., “Cultural Competence,” 8. [28]Beach et al., “Cultural Competence,” 8. [29]Bernier, Rachel et al., "Inclusion of Non‐English‐Speaking Patients in Research: A Single Institution Experience." Pediatric Anesthesia 28, no. 5 (2018): 415-420. https://doi.org/10.1111/pan.13363. [30]Bernier et al., “Inclusion of Non-English-Speaking Patients.” [31]Bernier et al., “Inclusion of Non-English-Speaking Patients.” [32]Bernier et al., “Inclusion of Non-English-Speaking Patients.” [33]Lad and Dahl, “Regulatory and Compliance Issues.” [34]Bernier et al., “Inclusion of Non-English-Speaking Patients.”
50
McCosker, Anthony, and Rowan Wilken. "Café Space, Communication, Creativity, and Materialism." M/C Journal 15, no. 2 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.459.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionCoffee, as a stimulant, and the spaces in which it is has been consumed, have long played a vital role in fostering communication, creativity, and sociality. This article explores the interrelationship of café space, communication, creativity, and materialism. In developing these themes, this article is structured in two parts. The first looks back to the coffee houses of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to give a historical context to the contemporary role of the café as a key site of creativity through its facilitation of social interaction, communication and information exchange. The second explores the continuation of the link between cafés, communication and creativity, through an instance from the mid-twentieth century where this process becomes individualised and is tied more intrinsically to the material surroundings of the café itself. From this, we argue that in order to understand the connection between café space and creativity, it is valuable to consider the rich polymorphic material and aesthetic composition of cafés. The Social Life of Coffee: London’s Coffee Houses While the social consumption of coffee has a long history, here we restrict our focus to a discussion of the London coffee houses of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It was during the seventeenth century that the vogue of these coffee houses reached its zenith when they operated as a vibrant site of mercantile activity, as well as cultural and political exchange (Cowan; Lillywhite; Ellis). Many of these coffee houses were situated close to the places where politicians, merchants, and other significant people congregated and did business, near government buildings such as Parliament, as well as courts, ports and other travel route hubs (Lillywhite 17). A great deal of information was shared within these spaces and, as a result, the coffee house became a key venue for communication, especially the reading and distribution of print and scribal publications (Cowan 85). At this time, “no coffee house worth its name” would be without a ready selection of newspapers for its patrons (Cowan 173). By working to twenty-four hour diurnal cycles and heightening the sense of repetition and regularity, coffee houses also played a crucial role in routinising news as a form of daily consumption alongside other forms of habitual consumption (including that of coffee drinking). In Cowan’s words, “restoration coffee houses soon became known as places ‘dasht with diurnals and books of news’” (172). Among these was the short-lived but nonetheless infamous social gossip publication, The Tatler (1709-10), which was strongly associated with the London coffee houses and, despite its short publication life, offers great insight into the social life and scandals of the time. The coffee house became, in short, “the primary social space in which ‘news’ was both produced and consumed” (Cowan 172). The proprietors of coffee houses were quick to exploit this situation by dealing in “news mongering” and developing their own news publications to supplement their incomes (172). They sometimes printed news, commentary and gossip that other publishers were not willing to print. However, as their reputation as news providers grew, so did the pressure on coffee houses to meet the high cost of continually acquiring or producing journals (Cowan 173; Ellis 185-206). In addition to the provision of news, coffee houses were vital sites for other forms of communication. For example, coffee houses were key venues where “one might deposit and receive one’s mail” (Cowan 175), and the Penny Post used coffeehouses as vital pick-up and delivery centres (Lillywhite 17). As Cowan explains, “Many correspondents [including Jonathan Swift] used a coffeehouse as a convenient place to write their letters as well as to send them” (176). This service was apparently provided gratis for regular patrons, but coffee house owners were less happy to provide this for their more infrequent customers (Cowan 176). London’s coffee houses functioned, in short, as notable sites of sociality that bundled together drinking coffee with news provision and postal and other services to attract customers (Cowan; Ellis). Key to the success of the London coffee house of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was the figure of the virtuoso habitué (Cowan 105)—an urbane individual of the middle or upper classes who was skilled in social intercourse, skills that were honed through participation in the highly ritualised and refined forms of interpersonal communication, such as visiting the stately homes of that time. In contrast to such private visits, the coffee house provided a less formalised and more spontaneous space of sociality, but where established social skills were distinctly advantageous. A striking example of the figure of the virtuoso habitué is the philosopher, architect and scientist Robert Hooke (1635-1703). Hooke, by all accounts, used the opportunities provided by his regular visits to coffee houses “to draw on the knowledge of a wide variety of individuals, from servants and skilled laborers to aristocrats, as well as to share and display novel scientific instruments” (Cowan 105) in order to explore and develop his virtuoso interests. The coffee house also served Hooke as a place to debate philosophy with cliques of “like-minded virtuosi” and thus formed the “premier locale” through which he could “fulfil his own view of himself as a virtuoso, as a man of business, [and] as a man at the centre of intellectual life in the city” (Cowan 105-06). For Hooke, the coffee house was a space for serious work, and he was known to complain when “little philosophical work” was accomplished (105-06). Sociality operates in this example as a form of creative performance, demonstrating individual skill, and is tied to other forms of creative output. Patronage of a coffee house involved hearing and passing on gossip as news, but also entailed skill in philosophical debate and other intellectual pursuits. It should also be noted that the complex role of the coffee house as a locus of communication, sociality, and creativity was repeated elsewhere. During the 1600s in Egypt (and elsewhere in the Middle East), for example, coffee houses served as sites of intensive literary activity as well as the locations for discussions of art, sciences and literature, not to mention also of gambling and drug use (Hattox 101). While the popularity of coffee houses had declined in London by the 1800s, café culture was flowering elsewhere in mainland Europe. In the late 1870s in Paris, Edgar Degas and Edward Manet documented the rich café life of the city in their drawings and paintings (Ellis 216). Meanwhile, in Vienna, “the kaffeehaus offered another evocative model of urban and artistic modernity” (Ellis 217; see also Bollerey 44-81). Serving wine and dinners as well as coffee and pastries, the kaffeehaus was, like cafés elsewhere in Europe, a mecca for writers, artists and intellectuals. The Café Royal in London survived into the twentieth century, mainly through the patronage of European expatriates and local intellectuals such as Wyndham Lewis, Ezra Pound, T. S. Elliot, and Henri Bergson (Ellis 220). This pattern of patronage within specific and more isolated cafés was repeated in famous gatherings of literary identities elsewhere in Europe throughout the twentieth century. From this historical perspective, a picture emerges of how the social functions of the coffee house and its successors, the espresso bar and modern café, have shifted over the course of their histories (Bollerey 44-81). In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the coffee house was an important location for vibrant social interaction and the consumption and distribution of various forms of communication such as gossip, news, and letters. However, in the years of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the café was more commonly a site for more restricted social interaction between discrete groups. Studies of cafés and creativity during this era focus on cafés as “factories of literature, inciters to art, and breeding places for new ideas” (Fitch, The Grand 18). Central in these accounts are bohemian artists, their associated social circles, and their preferred cafés de bohème (for detailed discussion, see Wilson; Fitch, Paris Café; Brooker; Grafe and Bollerey 4-41). As much of this literature on café culture details, by the early twentieth century, cafés emerge as places that enable individuals to carve out a space for sociality and creativity which was not possible elsewhere in the modern metropolis. Writing on the modern metropolis, Simmel suggests that the concentration of people and things in cities “stimulate[s] the nervous system of the individual” to such an extent that it prompts a kind of self-preservation that he terms a “blasé attitude” (415). This is a form of “reserve”, he writes, which “grants to the individual a [certain] kind and an amount of personal freedom” that was hitherto unknown (416). Cafés arguably form a key site in feeding this dynamic insofar as they facilitate self-protectionism—Fitch’s “pool of privacy” (The Grand 22)—and, at the same time, produce a sense of individual freedom in Simmel’s sense of the term. That is to say, from the early-to-mid twentieth century, cafés have become complex settings in terms of the relationships they enable or constrain between living in public, privacy, intimacy, and cultural practice. (See Haine for a detailed discussion of how this plays out in relation to working class engagement with Paris cafés, and Wilson as well as White on other cultural contexts, such as Japan.) Threaded throughout this history is a clear celebration of the individual artist as a kind of virtuoso habitué of the contemporary café. Café Jama Michalika The following historical moment, drawn from a powerful point in the mid-twentieth century, illustrates this last stage in the evolution of the relationship between café space, communication, and creativity. This particular historical moment concerns the renowned Polish composer and conductor Krzysztof Penderecki, who is most well-known for his avant-garde piece Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima (1960), his Polymorphia (1961), and St Luke Passion (1963-66), all of which entailed new compositional and notation techniques. Poland, along with other European countries devastated by the Second World War, underwent significant rebuilding after the war, also investing heavily in the arts, musical education, new concert halls, and conservatoria (Monastra). In the immediate post-war period, Poland and Polish culture was under the strong ideological influence exerted by the Soviet Union. However, as Thomas notes, within a year of Stalin’s death in 1953, “there were flickering signs of moderation in Polish culture” (83). With respect to musical creativity, a key turning point was the Warsaw Autumn Music Festival of 1956. “The driving force” behind the first festival (which was to become an annual event), was Polish “composers’ overwhelming sense of cultural isolation and their wish to break the provincial nature of Polish music” at that time (Thomas 85). Penderecki was one of a younger generation of composers who participated in, and benefited from, these early festivals, making his first appearance in 1959 with his composition Strophes, and successive appearances with Dimensions of Time and Silence in 1960, and Threnody in 1961 (Thomas 90). Penderecki married in the 1950s and had a child in 1955. This, in combination with the fact that his wife was a pianist and needed to practice daily, restricted Penderecki’s ability to work in their small Krakow apartment. Nor could he find space at the music school which was free from the intrusion of the sound of other instruments. Instead, he frequented the café Jama Michalika off the central square of Krakow, where he worked most days between nine in the morning and noon, when he would leave as a pianist began to play. Penderecki states that because of the small space of the café table, he had to “invent [a] special kind of notation which allowed me to write the piece which was for 52 instruments, like Threnody, on one small piece of paper” (Krzysztof Penderecki, 2000). In this, Penderecki created a completely new set of notation symbols, which assisted him in graphically representing tone clustering (Robinson 6) while, in his score for Polymorphia, he implemented “novel graphic notation, comparable with medical temperature charts, or oscillograms” (Schwinger 29) to represent in the most compact way possible the dense layering of sounds and vocal elements that is developed in this particular piece. This historical account is valuable because it contributes to discussions on individual creativity that both depends on, and occurs within, the material space of the café. This relationship is explored in Walter Benjamin’s essay “Polyclinic”, where he develops an extended analogy between the writer and the café and the surgeon and his instruments. As Cohen summarises, “Benjamin constructs the field of writerly operation both in medical terms and as a space dear to Parisian intellectuals, as an operating table that is also the marble-topped table of a café” (179). At this time, the space of the café itself thus becomes a vital site for individual cultural production, putting the artist in touch with the social life of the city, as many accounts of writers and artists in the cafés of Paris, Prague, Vienna, and elsewhere in Europe attest. “The attraction of the café for the writer”, Fitch argues, “is that seeming tension between the intimate circle of privacy in a comfortable room, on the one hand, and the flow of (perhaps usable) information all around on the other” (The Grand 11). Penderecki talks about searching for a sound while composing in café Jama Michalika and, hearing the noise of a passing tram, subsequently incorporated it into his famous composition, Threnody (Krzysztof Penderecki, 2000). There is an indirect connection here with the attractions of the seventeenth century coffee houses in London, where news writers drew much of their gossip and news from the talk within the coffee houses. However, the shift is to a more isolated, individualistic habitué. Nonetheless, the aesthetic composition of the café space remains essential to the creative productivity described by Penderecki. A concept that can be used to describe this method of composition is contained within one of Penderecki’s best-known pieces, Polymorphia (1961). The term “polymorphia” refers not to the form of the music itself (which is actually quite conventionally structured) but rather to the multiple blending of sounds. Schwinger defines polymorphia as “many formedness […] which applies not […] to the form of the piece, but to the broadly deployed scale of sound, [the] exchange and simultaneous penetration of sound and noise, the contrast and interflow of soft and hard sounds” (131). This description also reflects the rich material context of the café space as Penderecki describes its role in shaping (both enabling and constraining) his creative output. Creativity, Technology, Materialism The materiality of the café—including the table itself for Penderecki—is crucial in understanding the relationship between the forms of creative output and the material conditions of the spaces that enable them. In Penderecki’s case, to understand the origins of the score and even his innovative forms of musical notation as artefacts of communication, we need to understand the material conditions under which they were created. As a fixture of twentieth and twenty-first century urban environments, the café mediates the private within the public in a way that offers the contemporary virtuoso habitué a rich, polymorphic sensory experience. In a discussion of the indivisibility of sensation and its resistance to language, writer Anna Gibbs describes these rich experiential qualities: sitting by the window in a café watching the busy streetscape with the warmth of the morning sun on my back, I smell the delicious aroma of coffee and simultaneously feel its warmth in my mouth, taste it, and can tell the choice of bean as I listen idly to the chatter in the café around me and all these things blend into my experience of “being in the café” (201). Gibbs’s point is that the world of the café is highly synaesthetic and infused with sensual interconnections. The din of the café with its white noise of conversation and overlaying sounds of often carefully chosen music illustrates the extension of taste beyond the flavour of the coffee on the palate. In this way, the café space provides the infrastructure for a type of creative output that, in Gibbs’s case, facilitates her explanation of expression and affect. The individualised virtuoso habitué, as characterised by Penderecki’s work within café Jama Michalika, simply describes one (celebrated) form of the material conditions of communication and creativity. An essential factor in creative cultural output is contained in the ways in which material conditions such as these come to be organised. As Elizabeth Grosz expresses it: Art is the regulation and organisation of its materials—paint, canvas, concrete, steel, marble, words, sounds, bodily movements, indeed any materials—according to self-imposed constraints, the creation of forms through which these materials come to generate and intensify sensation and thus directly impact living bodies, organs, nervous systems (4). Materialist and medium-oriented theories of media and communication have emphasised the impact of physical constraints and enablers on the forms produced. McLuhan, for example, famously argued that the typewriter brought writing, speech, and publication into closer association, one effect of which was the tighter regulation of spelling and grammar, a pressure toward precision and uniformity that saw a jump in the sales of dictionaries (279). In the poetry of E. E. Cummings, McLuhan sees the typewriter as enabling a patterned layout of text that functions as “a musical score for choral speech” (278). In the same way, the café in Penderecki’s recollections both constrains his ability to compose freely (a creative activity that normally requires ample flat surface), but also facilitates the invention of a new language for composition, one able to accommodate the small space of the café table. Recent studies that have sought to materialise language and communication point to its physicality and the embodied forms through which communication occurs. As Packer and Crofts Wiley explain, “infrastructure, space, technology, and the body become the focus, a move that situates communication and culture within a physical, corporeal landscape” (3). The confined and often crowded space of the café and its individual tables shape the form of productive output in Penderecki’s case. Targeting these material constraints and enablers in her discussion of art, creativity and territoriality, Grosz describes the “architectural force of framing” as liberating “the qualities of objects or events that come to constitute the substance, the matter, of the art-work” (11). More broadly, the design features of the café, the form and layout of the tables and the space made available for individual habitation, the din of the social encounters, and even the stimulating influences on the body of the coffee served there, can be seen to act as enablers of communication and creativity. Conclusion The historical examples examined above indicate a material link between cafés and communication. They also suggest a relationship between materialism and creativity, as well as the roots of the romantic association—or mythos—of cafés as a key source of cultural life as they offer a “shared place of composition” and an “environment for creative work” (Fitch, The Grand 11). We have detailed one example pertaining to European coffee consumption, cafés and creativity. While we believe Penderecki’s case is valuable in terms of what it can tell us about forms of communication and creativity, clearly other cultural and historical contexts may reveal additional insights—as may be found in the cases of Middle Eastern cafés (Hattox) or the North American diner (Hurley), and in contemporary developments such as the café as a source of free WiFi and the commodification associated with global coffee chains. Penderecki’s example, we suggest, also sheds light on a longer history of creativity and cultural production that intersects with contemporary work practices in city spaces as well as conceptualisations of the individual’s place within complex urban spaces. References Benjamin, Walter. “Polyclinic” in “One-Way Street.” One-Way Street and Other Writings. Trans. Edmund Jephcott and Kingsley Shorter. London: Verso, 1998: 88-9. Bollerey, Franziska. “Setting the Stage for Modernity: The Cosmos of the Coffee House.” Cafés and Bars: The Architecture of Public Display. Eds. Christoph Grafe and Franziska Bollerey. New York: Routledge, 2007. 44-81. Brooker, Peter. Bohemia in London: The Social Scene of Early Modernism. Houndmills, Hamps.: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. Cohen, Margaret. Profane Illumination: Walter Benjamin and the Paris of Surrealist Revolution. Berkeley: U of California P, 1995. Cowan, Brian. The Social Life of Coffee: The Emergence of the British Coffeehouse. New Haven: Yale UP, 2005. Ellis, Markman. The Coffee House: A Cultural History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 2004. Fitch, Noël Riley. Paris Café: The Sélect Crowd. Brooklyn: Soft Skull Press, 2007. -----. The Grand Literary Cafés of Europe. London: New Holland Publishers (UK), 2006. Gibbs, Anna. “After Affect: Sympathy, Synchrony, and Mimetic Communication.” The Affect Theory Reader. Eds. Melissa Gregg and Gregory J. Siegworth. Durham: Duke University Press, 2010. 186-205. Grafe, Christoph, and Franziska Bollerey. “Introduction: Cafés and Bars—Places for Sociability.” Cafés and Bars: The Architecture of Public Display. Eds. Christoph Grafe and Franziska Bollerey. New York: Routledge, 2007. 4-41. Grosz, Elizabeth. Chaos, Territory, Art: Deleuze and the Framing of the Earth. New York: Columbia UP, 2008. Haine, W. Scott. The World of the Paris Café. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1996. Hattox, Ralph S. Coffee and Coffeehouses: The Origins of a Social Beverage in the Medieval Near East. Seattle: U of Washington P, 1985. Hurley, Andrew. Diners, Bowling Alleys and Trailer Parks: Chasing the American Dream in the Postwar Consumer Culture. New York: Basic Books, 2001. Krzysztof Penderecki. Dir. Andreas Missler-Morell. Spektrum TV production and Telewizja Polska S.A. Oddzial W Krakowie for RM Associates and ZDF in cooperation with ARTE, 2000. Lillywhite, Bryant. London Coffee Houses: A Reference Book of Coffee Houses of the Seventeenth, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth Centuries. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1963. McLuhan, Marshall. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. London: Abacus, 1974. Monastra, Peggy. “Krzysztof Penderecki’s Polymorphia and Fluorescence.” Moldenhauer Archives, [US] Library of Congress. 12 Jan. 2012 ‹http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/moldenhauer/2428143.pdf› Packer, Jeremy, and Stephen B. Crofts Wiley. “Introduction: The Materiality of Communication.” Communication Matters: Materialist Approaches to Media, Mobility and Networks. New York, Routledge, 2012. 3-16. Robinson, R. Krzysztof Penderecki: A Guide to His Works. Princeton, NJ: Prestige Publications, 1983. Schwinger, Wolfram. Krzysztof Penderecki: His Life and Work. Encounters, Biography and Musical Commentary. London: Schott, 1979. Simmel, Georg. The Sociology of Georg Simmel. Ed. and trans. Kurt H. Wolff. Glencoe, IL: The Free P, 1960. Thomas, Adrian. Polish Music since Szymanowski. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2005. White, Merry I. Coffee Life in Japan. Berkeley: U of California P, 2012. Wilson, Elizabeth. “The Bohemianization of Mass Culture.” International Journal of Cultural Studies 2.1 (1999): 11-32.