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Bobadilla, Renato, Alejandra Mendez, Gino Viacava, Carlos Raymundo, and Javier M. Moguerza. "Service Model Based on Information Technology Outsourcing for the Reduction of Unfulfilled Orders in an SME of the Peruvian IT Sector." Springer Verlag, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656246.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.In the current market, small- and medium-sized companies (SMEs) face losses due to poor process control. The core activities of information technology (IT) outsourcing service companies are to provide outsourcing services related to technology and information control, which is why it is crucial to work with standardized, efficient processes, to not affect the main process and resources involved. In this document, a case study of an SME is evaluated, related to a deficient billing process, which is not able to fulfill all of its orders. To solve the problem, we propose an IT outsourcing service model, based on the management of processes, knowledge, and change. After the model was validated, it was evidenced that it allowed the integration and finalization of the services provided by the company, increasing the monthly income by 80%.
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Hamidi, Maryam. "Game-Theoretic Contract Models for Equipment Leasing and Maintenance Service Outsourcing." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612116.
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There is a major trend that manufacturers sell their services to customers instead of selling their products. These services can be provided through leasing, warranty, or maintenance outsourcing. In this dissertation, we have studied leasing and maintenance outsourcing services from different aspects of reliability-based maintenance, game-theoretic decision making, and inventory and supply chain management. We have studied how different interactions and relationships between the manufacturer and customer in service contracting affect the decisions they make and the profits they gain. The methods used to tackle the related decision-making processes are stochastic modeling, non-convex optimization, game-theoretical framework, and simulation. For equipment leasing, two non-cooperative game-theoretic models and a cooperative model have been developed to describe the relationships between the manufacturer (lessor) and customer (lessee). Through the lease contracts, the lessor decides on the maintenance policy of the leased equipment, and the lessee decides on the lease period and usage rate. In the non-cooperative simultaneous move scenario, the lessee and the lessor act simultaneously and independently to make their decisions. In the leader-follower non- cooperative contract, the lessor is the leader who specifies the maintenance policy first, and the lessee, as the follower, decides on the lease period and usage rate accordingly. We have next determined the total maximum profit and shown that the Nash and Stackelberg equilibria are different from the total maximum solution. As a result, the players can increase their total profit by cooperation. We have implemented the cooperative solution as an equilibrium through a nonlinear transfer-payment contract. Our results illustrate that cooperation can be regarded as a value-added strategy in establishing such lease contracts. Besides, our numerical results show that although cooperation always increases the total profit of the players, the magnitude of increase is case specific. When the lease price is low or the revenue is high, the profits in the non-cooperative contracts will be close to the cooperative alternative, while the cooperation may increase the total profit significantly in other cases. For maintenance outsourcing, we have studied different bargaining scenarios in determining the contract terms. First, we have considered the Nash bargaining solution to compute the bargaining profit of players. Next, we have considered the case where players pose threat against each other in order to increase their own bargaining position. We have determined the optimal threat strategy for each player. Our result shows that although such threatening decreases the efficiency of the contract, it can dramatically increase the profit of the player with a higher bargaining position. We have finally provided a solution to the problem of how the service agent and customer can cooperate and negotiate on the price. We have determined the discounted price as a result of negotiation. Indeed, the discounted price induces the customer to choose the total maximum maintenance policy. Our numerical examples illustrate the feasibility of using such a price-discount contract in maintenance service outsourcing. Moreover, one can see that both the customer and agent can benefit from this price-discount contract.
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Abbott, P. Y. "Proximity-based models of offshore software outsourcing : exploring the concept of location in nearshore and onshore software outsourcing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595321.
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The literature on offshore outsourcing (OSO) has focused mainly on countries with large software export markets, such as India, while neglecting other developing countries which apparently lack the resources thought necessary to succeed in software development. Globalisation is seen to offer an opportunity for the development of IT industries in these neglected contexts, however, mainly due to the prevalence of information and communication networks. With the ongoing debate on globalisation and its contested effects, though, it would seem important and timely to study OSO within such under-researched contexts. This thesis thus focuses on proximity-based models of offshore outsourcing, such as nearshore and onshore outsourcing, which represent arrangements that seek to exploit geographical closeness to the client. In promoting locational competitive advantage, they seek differentiation from traditional offshore models in temporal, spatial and cultural terms. As a means of examining these claims, this thesis will explore the themes of time, space, culture and distance in OSO. An exploratory approach was employed incorporating both survey and case study methodologies. Three groups of offshore software industry stakeholders were surveyed to provide a broad-based background to the study, while three specific cases of proximity outsourcing were investigated using interpretive methods. A grounded approach to theory was adopted using the concepts of time, space culture and distance as a guideline for analysis. The survey findings confirm an awareness by stakeholders of the significance of proximity, location and the persistence of cultural differences in OSO. The case results broadly reflect but also pose challenges to globalisation theories, such as increased economic and social integration, powerlessness of the state, economic development and the apparent irrelevance of space and time made possible by advances in IT. The thesis thus makes its contribution in both extending the debate on globalisation with respect of OSO in new contexts and adding to the under-researched area of spatio-temporal research in the IS field.
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Anjum, Maria. "Design models for service-based software application." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7343/.
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Context: The use of a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) offers a new and distinct approach to creating software based applications (SBAs) around the idea of integrating distributed autonomous computing resources. A widely available realisation of an SOA exists in the form of web services. However, to date no standard techniques have emerged for developing SBAs. There is also a lack of consistency in describing the concept itself, and the published literature offers little evidence derived from the experience of developing `real world examples. Aims: The objective of the work described in this thesis was to conduct a series of studies to explore systematically the concept of what constitutes an SOA by using the published literature, to employ this to construct a proof of concept SOA design model based on a real world problem, and in doing so, to investigate how well existing design notations are able to support this architectural style. Method: The research described in this thesis has been conducted in an evolutionary manner by employing a range of empirical methods. A mapping study was performed to investigate how the concept of SOA is interpreted by the research community. Based upon this model of SOA, a participant-observer case study was employed to construct an SOA design model and a use case model for an energy engineering application to demonstrate use for a real world problem. Finally, expert knowledge was employed for evaluation of the case study through the use of walkthroughs. Results: From the mapping study we created an integrated model of what constitutes an SOA for the use with the case study. The case study outcomes include a design for a renewable energy control system together with codified experience of constructing and recording the SOA design model. The experience of employing the walkthrough method for evaluation, and the outcomes of the evaluation are also discussed. Conclusion: From this research we conclude that the SOA research community needs to develop a clearer shared understanding and agreement on the model of what constitutes an SOA and the vocabulary used to describe the SOA concept. This will aid designers to communicate their mental models more effectively and will provide the semantics needed for devising the new notations that this study implies are needed for SBA design. Further, some lessons about SBA design have been derived from the case study experiences.
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Al-Khatib, S. F. S. "Strategic logistics outsourcing : integrated models for evaluating and selecting Logistics Service Providers (LSPs) : upstream/downstream supply chain comparison." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2015. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4406/.
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This research aims to maximize the logistics outsourcing benefits through developing new hybrid models for evaluating and selecting Logistics Service Providers (LSPs). The growing demand for logistics outsourcing and the increase in the number and type of LSPs highlight the increasing importance of the LSP evaluation and selection process. Firms use various approaches to evaluate and select their LSP partners. Most of these approaches seem to have overlooked the strategic side of the logistics outsourcing process. Additionally, the uncertainty issue of data, the complexity of the decision and the large number of criteria involved increase the attractiveness of the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approaches. A comparative literature review was used in order to identify crucial factors and methods that are used in logistics literature in fragmented ways and therefore, to establish and design a conceptual framework and models for logistics outsourcing. First, a long list of evaluation criteria was developed. Three main dimensions were identified: logistics performance, logistics resources and logistics services. Then a conceptual framework was developed using the three main dimensions with their related factors. Based on the comparative literature review outcomes, a number of integrated models have been developed and used to achieve this aim with emphasis given to FDEMATEL, FTOPSIS and FQFD techniques. Whereas the FDEMATEL technique contributed to construct influence relationships between factors under each dimension, develop impact-relationship maps and identify dependent and independent success factors (ISFs), the FTOPSIS technique used the weighted success factors to evaluate, rank and select the best LSP in three case studies. Twenty-one ISFs have been identified to be used in the final approach. These ISFs consist of eight LKPIs, seven logistics services and six logistics resources and capabilities. All of the factors were used to evaluate and select the best LSP alternative and ISFs were used to conduct the evaluation process. Different sensitivity analysis tests are used to confirm models’ robustness. Based on the outcomes of both cases, decision makers can use independent factors alone to evaluate and select the best LSP, which simplified the logistics outsourcing process in our study. The FQFD technique was used to link the LSUs strategic objectives with logistics requirements and the ISFs to develop a new strategic logistics outsourcing approach. Finally, two case studies representing the supply chain upstream and downstream are used to demonstrate the new hybrid approach effectiveness. The comparison of both cases’ findings highlighted their differences in terms of strategic objectives, logistics requirements and ISFs.
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Drummond, John. "Specifying quality of service for distributed systems based upon behavior models." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FDrummond%5FPhD.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002.Thesis advisor(s): Valdes Berzins, Luqi, William Kemple, Mikhail Auguston, Nabendu Chaki. Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-240). Also available online.
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Maples, Glenn (Glenn Edward). "Information System Quality: An Examination of Service-Based Models and Alternatives." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277952/.
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Service quality as a component of overall Information Systems quality is examined. Three related studies test the SERVQUAL and related instruments (SERVPERF and Importance-weighted SERVPERF) using Information System users. SERVPERF outperformed SERVQUAL in all three studies.
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Salman, Rosine Hanna. "Exploring Capability Maturity Models and Relevant Practices as Solutions Addressing IT Service Offshoring Project Issues." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1843.
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Western countries' information technology and software intensive firms are increasingly producing software and IT services in developing countries. With this swift advancement in offshoring, there are many issues that can be investigated which will enable companies to maximize their benefits from offshoring. However, significant challenges can occur throughout the lifecycle of offshoring IT service projects that turn the potential benefits into losses. This research investigated CMM/CMMI best practices and their effects on managing and mitigating critical issues associated with offshore development.
Using a web based survey, data was collected from 451 Information Technology and software development firms in the US. The survey instrument was validated by an expert panel which included practitioners and researchers. The survey population consisted of Information Technology and software engineering managers who work on offshore IT and software development projects. Statistical methods including Chi Square and Cramer's V were used to test the research hypotheses.
The results of the analysis show that IT companies applying CMM/CMMI models have fewer issues associated with IT offshoring. When US IT companies utilize and incorporate different practices from TSP and People CMM into CMMI for DEV/SVC and CMMI for ACQ, they have fewer offshoring issues related to language barriers and cultural differences.
The results of this research contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the offshoring of IT services from the client management perspective and provide practitioners with increased knowledge regarding IT offshoring decisions.
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Spiro, Monica. "Illness models of relatives of African psychiatric patients : implications for a family-based service." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13544.
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Bibliography: leaves 42-46.This study explores the illness models and service requests of relatives of 30 African psychiatric patients. Relatives' perceptions of illness and expressed needs were elicited with a view to developing a more contextual understanding of disorder, and to obtaining an indication of interest in family-based services. The sample was selected from relatives who visited patients at the hospital over a 3 month period. Face-to-face interviews of approximately an hour in duration were conducted. Results indicated that relatives held a variety of explanatory models to understand their family members' conditions. Although many of their beliefs were at variance with the biomedical model of illness, they nevertheless overwhelmingly supported the notion of the establishment of family-based / services within the existing health care system. Implications for strategies of clinical care, as well as theoretical implications are discussed.
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Alves, Joel. "Extraction of knowledge from petri nets models in service oriented based industrial automation systems." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e de Gestão, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/2071.
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In last decades significant changes have been noticed in manufacturing
environment, moving from a local economy to a global economy and generalized
concurrency. Markets expectations for products with high quality at lower costs, highly
customized and with short life cycles, lead us to the need to implement complete
different strategies to satisfy these requirements.
With the current scenario, technologies have a strong weight in the search of a
solution for new manufacturing systems. Service oriented Architectures (SoA) is a
paradigm for organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities that may be under the
control of different ownership domains, which combined with Petri Nets (PN)
capabilities of modeling, analysis and simulation and using Web services as
communication platform, is one suitable proposal to solve the manufacturing problem
and its limitations, granting interoperability, adaptability, flexibility and integration of
all the devices that belong to the manufacturing systems.
The main objective of this work is to develop mechanisms for the extraction of
knowledge from the Petri nets models to support the execution of important control
functions, such as monitoring and decision-making. Other objectives can be referred,
like the modeling and the assessment of the Petri net models and the creation and
improvement of some tools already existent in the area. This work was done during a
stage at the Industrial Automation HUB of the Schneider Electric company in
Seligenstadt, Germany.
All these studied and developed mechanisms were applied to an experimental
case study, which allowed us to perform the assessment and the validation of the
designed Petri nets models. Nas últimas décadas tem-se assistido a mudanças significativas nos ambientes
de fabrico, passando de uma economia local para uma economia global de
concorrência generalizada. Nos mercados actuais, a expectativa por produtos de alta
qualidade a baixos preços, altamente customizados e com ciclos de vida curtos,
conduzem-nos para a necessidade de implementar novas e diferentes estratégias para
satisfazer estes requisitos.
Neste cenário, as tecnologias têm um grande peso na procura de uma solução
para os novos sistemas de fabrico. O Service oriented Architectures (SOA) é um
paradigma para organizar e utilizar as suas capacidades de controlo distribuído para
ligar diferentes domínios, que combinando com as redes Petri (PN) e aproveitando as
capacidades de modelação, análise e simulação, e utilizando os Web Services como
plataforma de comunicação, é uma proposta adequada para resolver os problemas dos
sistemas de fabrico e suas limitações, garantindo interoperabilidade, adaptabilidade,
flexibilidade e integração.
O objectivo principal deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de mecanismos de
extracção de conhecimento dos modelos criados usando o formalismo das Redes de
Petri, para servir de apoio à execução das importantes funções de controlo, tais como
a monitorização e a tomada de decisão. Outros objectivos que podem ser explícitos
são a modelação e avaliação dos modelos em redes de Petri e a criação e
aperfeiçoamento de algumas ferramentas já existentes na área. Este trabalho foi
realizado durante um estágio, na unidade de Industrial Automation HUB da empresa
Schneider Electric em Seligenstadt, Alemanha.
Todos os mecanismos estudados e desenvolvidos durante o período de estágio
foram aplicados a um caso de estudo experimental, o que nos permitiu fazer a sua
avaliação e validação.
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Henkel, Martin. "Service-based Processes : Design for business and technology." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Royal Institute of Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9386.
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Aboud, Nour. "Service-Oriented Integration of Component and Organizational MultiAgent Models." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3019/document.
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Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse concernent des problématiques d'architecture logicielle multi-domaines pour le développement d’applications distribuées. Ces applications sont caractérisées aujourd’hui comme des systèmes ouverts, complexes, hétérogènes et à large échelle. Les approches traditionnelles, telles que l’approche orienté objet, n’offrent plus un paradigme de conception suffisant pour appréhender la complexité de tels systèmes. Ces nouvelles tendances ont conduit à l’émergence d’approches de plus haut niveau telles que les approches orientées services, composants ou agents. Chacune de ces approches offrent des intérêts et des caractéristiques propres dans le développement d’applications distribuées. Les services offrent une abstraction et une interopérabilité à large échelle. Abstraction dans le sens où un service permet de spécifier un élément fonctionnel sans préciser comment cet élément est implémenté. Les composants sont une approche robuste basée sur la composition et la réutilisation d’éléments clairement définis par leurs interfaces. Les agents sont eux des éléments présentant un comportement dynamique dirigé par un but et des interactions de haut niveau avec les autres agents formant l’application, vue comme une organisation de services collaboratifs. D’un point de vue conceptuel, le service peut donc être perçu comme le modèle « métier » de l’application, alors que les composants et les agents constituent un modèle d’implémentation. L’étude de ces différents domaines et des modèles associés, a montré que les approches composants et agents sont complémentaires, les points forts d’une approche représentant les faiblesses de l’autre. Face à ce constat, il nous est paru intéressant d’intégrer ces deux approches, au sein d’une même démarche de conception. Cela permet, d’une part, qu’une approche puisse bénéficier des intérêts de l’autre et d’autre part, d’utiliser conjointement des agents et des composants dans la conception d'une même application. La démarche que nous avons adoptée consiste à considérer les services comme pivot d’interaction afin de rendre possible l’interopérabilité des agents et des composants. Pour supporter cette démarche, nous avons défini un processus de conception basé sur l’Ingénierie Des Modèles qui contient quatre modèles conceptuels (Domain Specific language) dont l’intérêt est de mettre l’accent sur les concepts de services et d’interaction. Nous avons ainsi défini un modèle de services, un modèle de composants et un modèle d’agents. Enfin, un modèle mixte appelé CASOM, Component Agent Service Oriented Model, permet de spécifier une application via une combinaison des trois domaines précédents. Ensuite, des règles de correspondances ont été définies entre les quatre modèles pour pouvoir par exemple transformer une spécification agents en une spécification composants ou mixte. L'implémentation de ces transformations a été réalisée en langage ATL (ATLAS Transformation Language)The presented work considers problems related to multi-domain software architecture for the development of distributed applications. These applications are large-scaled, heterogeneous, open and complex software systems. Traditional approaches such as object-oriented are no longer sufficient to represent such complex systems. These trends lead to the emergence of higher-level approaches such as service-oriented, components or agents. Each one of these approaches offers interests and characteristics in the development of distributed applications. Services provide an abstraction and interoperability in a large scale. Abstraction is in the sense that a service can specify a functional element without specifying how this element is implemented. The components are a robust approach based on composition and reusability through their clearly defined interfaces. Agents are elements which are characterized by dynamic goal directed behaviours and high-level interactions with other agents forming the application, seen as an organization for collaborative services. From a conceptual point of view, the service can be seen as the “business” model of an application, while components and agents are the implementation models. The study of these different domains, with their related models, showed that the components and agents approaches are complementary; the strengths of one approach overcome the weaknesses of the other. Therefore, we are interested in the integration of these two approaches in a single design approach. This allows an approach to benefit from the interests of the other, on one hand and the use of agents and components jointly in the design of an application on the other hand. To reach our objective, we consider services as pivot of interaction between agents and components. The result of our analysis leads us to develop a design process based on Model-Driven Engineering which contains four conceptual models (Domain Specific Languages) with the main interest of focusing on the concepts of services and interaction. We then defined a service, component and agent models. Finally, a hybrid model called CASOM, Component Agent Service Oriented Model, was proposed that allows application specification via a combination of the three domains. Then, mapping rules have been defined between the four models in order to transform agents specification into components specification or mixed. The implementation of these transformations was done in ATL language (ATLAS Transformation Language)
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Monakova, Ganna. "Ontology based partner service discovery using a first-order logic representation for BPEL process models." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-34953.
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Gramajo, Carlos Rafael. "Verification of Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Deterioration Models Based on Field Evaluation of In-Service Pavements." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33269.
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This thesis focused on using a detailed structural evaluation of seven (three flexible and four composite) high performance in-service pavements designated as high-priority routes to verify the applicability of the Mechanistic Empirical (M-E) models to high performance pavements in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The structural evaluation included: determination of layer thicknesses (from cores, GPR and historical data), pavement condition assessment based on visual survey, estimation of layer moduli from FWD analysis as well as material characterization. One of the main objectives of this study was to utilize the results from the backcalculated moduli in order to predict the performance of this group of pavement structures using the M-E Design Guide Software. This allowed a quick verification of the performance prediction models used by comparing their outcome with the current condition.
The in-depth structural evaluation of the three flexible and four composite pavements showed that all the sites are structurally sound. The investigation also confirmed that the use of GPR to determine layer thicknesses and the comparison with a minimum number of cores is a helpful tool for pavement structural evaluation. Despite some difficulties performing the backcalculation analysis for complex structures, the obtained results were considered reasonable and were useful in estimating the current structural adequacy of the evaluated structures.
The comparison of the measured distresses with those predicted by the M-E Design Guide software showed poor agreement. In general, the predicted distresses were higher than the distresses actually measured. However, there was not enough evidence to determine whether this is due to errors in the prediction models or software, or because of the use of defaults material properties, specially for the AC layers. It must be noted that although an in-depth field evaluation was performed, only Level 3 data was available for many of the input parameters. The results suggest that significant calibration and validation will be required before implementation of the M-E Design Guide.Master of Science
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Ye, Heshan, and Jiading Wu. "Selection of a Logistics Service Provider Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Approach : A case study of Swedish Coffee Manufacturer—Gevalia." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16621.
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Logistics outsourcing has been applied in practices by enterprises for decades, but its efficiency is always restricted because logistics service providers (LSPs) often only have a single function such as delivery or warehousing. In the last few years, LSPs have upgraded their capabilities to support some other logistics services including value-added services, materials management, information-related services etc. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the differences between self-built logistics system and outsourcing logistics system by using the Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats (SWOT) strategic analysis; and figure out how to apply the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to make an appropriate selection among LSPs that based on the single-case study of Gevalia. Both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used in this study, authors expect to describe and explore the application of AHP approach regarding to the case company which implements outsourcing logistics system. Accordingly, it could be a good idea for case company to implement the mixed mode of self-built and outsourcing logistics system after using the SWOT strategic analysis. In addition, the production and logistics manager of case company emphasized that the five selection criteria including “compatibility”, “delivery performance”, “location”, “management” and “cost” should be considered as a priority among other different criterion when he selected a LSP. As a result, it will be efficient and effective for us to simulate a best decision for those industrial manufacturing enterprises to achieve a path regarding to the selection of the best logistics partner that based on the significant AHP approach.
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Prawesh, Shankar. "Applications of Agent Based Approaches in Business: A Three Essay Dissertation." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4748.
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The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the enabling role that agent based simulation plays in business and policy. The aforementioned issue has been addressed in this dissertation through three distinct, but related essays. The first essay is a literature review of different research applications of agent based simulation in various business disciplines, such as finance, economics, information systems, management, marketing and accounting. Various agent based simulation tools to develop computational models are discussed. The second essay uses an agent-based simulation approach to study important properties of the widely used most popular news recommender systems (NRS). This essay highlights the major limitations of most popular NRS in terms of: (i) susceptibility towards manipulation and (ii) unduly penalizing the article which may have "just" missed making the cutoff in most popular list. A probabilistic variant of recommendation has been introduced as an alternative to most popular list. Classical results from urn models are used to derive theoretical results for special cases, and to study specific properties of the probabilistic recommender. In addition to simulations, various statistical methodologies are used, such as regression based methodologies as part of a broader decision analysis tool. The third essay views firms as agents in building regression based empirical models to investigate the impact of outsourcing on firms. Using an economy wide panel data of outsourcing expenses of firms, the third essay first investigates the value addition by the IT backgrounds of project owners in managing IT related projects. Then it investigates the impact of peer-pressure on a firm's outsourcing behavior.
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Flöjs, Amanda, and Alexandra Hägg. "Churn Prediction : Predicting User Churn for a Subscription-based Service using Statistical Analysis and Machine Learning Models." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171678.
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Subscription-based services are becoming more popular in today’s society. Therefore, any company that engages in the subscription-based business needs to understand the user behavior and minimize the number of users canceling their subscription, i.e. minimize churn. According to marketing metrics, the probability of selling to an existing user is markedly higher than selling to a brand new user. Nonetheless, it is of great importance that more focus is directed towards preventing users from leaving the service, in other words preventing user churn. To be able to prevent user churn the company needs to identify the users in the risk zone of churning. Therefore, this thesis project will treat this as a classification problem. The objective of the thesis project was to develop a statistical model to predict churn for a subscription-based service. Various statistical methods were used in order to identify patterns in user behavior using activity and engagement data including variables describing recency, frequency, and volume. The best performing statistical model for predicting churn was achieved by the Random Forest algorithm. The selected model is able to separate the two classes of churning users and the non-churning users with 73% probability and has a fairly low missclassification rate of 35%. The results show that it is possible to predict user churn using statistical models. Although, there are indications that it is difficult for the model to generalize a specific behavioral pattern for user churn. This is understandable since human behavior is hard to predict. The results show that variables describing how frequent the user is interacting with the service are explaining the most whether a user is likely to churn or not.Prenumerationstjänster blir alltmer populära i dagens samhälle. Därför är det viktigt för ett företag med en prenumerationsbaserad verksamhet att ha en god förståelse för sina användares beteendemönster på tjänsten, samt att de minskar antalet användare som avslutar sin prenumeration. Enligt marknads-föringsstatistik är sannolikheten att sälja till en redan existerande användare betydligt högre än att sälja till en helt ny. Av den anledningen, är det viktigt att ett stort fokus riktas mot att förebygga att användare lämnar tjänsten. För att förebygga att användare lämnar tjänsten måste företaget identifiera vilka användare som är i riskzonen att lämna. Därför har detta examensarbete behandlats som ett klassifikations problem. Syftet med arbetet var att utveckla en statistisk modell för att förutspå vilka användare som sannolikt kommer att lämna prenumerationstjänsten inom nästa månad. Olika statistiska metoder har prövats för att identifiera användares beteendemönster i aktivitet- och engagemangsdata, data som inkluderar variabler som beskriver senaste interaktion, frekvens och volym. Bäst prestanda för att förutspå om en användare kommer att lämna tjänsten gavs av Random Forest algoritmen. Den valda modellen kan separera de två klasserna av användare som lämnar tjänsten och de användare som stannar med 73% sannolikhet och har en relativt låg missfrekvens på 35%. Resultatet av arbetet visar att det går att förutspå vilka användare som befinner sig i riskzonen för att lämna tjänsten med hjälp av statistiska modeller, även om det är svårt för modellen att generalisera ett specifikt beteendemönster för de olika grupperna. Detta är dock förståeligt då det är mänskligt beteende som modellen försöker att förutspå. Resultatet av arbetet pekar mot att variabler som beskriver frekvensen av användandet av tjänsten beskriver mer om en användare är påväg att lämna tjänsten än variabler som beskriver användarens aktivitet i volym.
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Widemann, Marc Verfasser], and Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] [Möller. "Web service based framework for the coupling of simulation models in heterogeneous environments / Marc Widemann ; Betreuer: D.P.F. Möller." Clausthal-Zellerfeld : Technische Universität Clausthal, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1231365013/34.
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Joven, Murillo Jaume. "HW-SW components for parallel embedded computing on Noc-based MPSoCs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5779.
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Recentment, en el camp del sistemes encastats, estem assistint al creixement de sistemes Multi-Processor System-on-Chip (MPSoC). El paradigma de Network-on-chip (NoC) s'ha proposat una solució viable, eficient, escalable, predictible i flexible per connectar components dins un xip, o inclús sistemes complets basats en busos dins al xip amb la finalitat de crear sistemes altament complexos. Així, el paradigma de computació encastada d'altres prestacions està arribant a través d'integrar hardware altament paral·lel amb llibreries software per obtenir una màxima integració a nivell de plataforma utilitzant de components prèviament dissenyats (IP cores), en la forma de arquitectures NoC-based MPSoCs. No obstant, quan el nombre de components augmenta hi ha diversos desafiaments i problemes a resoldre. El primer repte és el disseny d'una xarxa d'interconnexió que proporcioni qualitat de servei assegurant un cert ample de banda i latència entre cada bloc del sistema, amb el mínim area i consum possible. Ja que l'espai de disseny en arquitectures NoCs és enorme, s'han de desenvolupar entorns de simulació, i verificació per explorar validar i optimitzar múltiples NoC arquitectures.
El segon objectiu, que és actualment un forat de recerca, és proveir models de programació paral·lela flexibles i eficients sobre les arquitectures NoC-based MPSoCs. Així, és obligatori l'ús de llibreries software lleugeres capaces d'explotar la capacitats del hardware present a la plataforma d'execució. Fent servir aquestes llibreries software permetrà els programadors reutilitzar i programar de manera fàcil aplicacions paral·leles dins un xip.
Finalment, per obtenir un sistema eficient, un punt clau és el disseny de les interfícies HW-SW apropiades. Aquest fet és crucial in multi processadors heterogenis on els paradigmes de programació paral·lela and middleware han d'abstreure els recursos de comunicació durant l'especificació d'aplicacions software.
El principal objectiu d'aquesta tesis és enriquir les emergents arquitectures NoC-based MPSoC explorant i fent contribucions de caire científic afrontant els nous reptes apareguts aquest últims anys. Aquesta tesis es focalitza en els següents temes:
Descripció of un entorn experimental anomenat NoCMaker per realitzar exploració arquitectural de sistemes NoC-based MPSoC, permetent alhora una validació i prototipatge ràpid.
Extensió de les interfícies de xarxa per controlar tràfic heterogeni de diferents estàndards (AMBA AHB, OCP-IP) amb la finalitat de reutilitzar i comunicar de manera transparent múltiple IP cores des del punt de vista de l'usuari.
Proporcionar qualitat de servei en temps d'execució a traves de components hardware a la NoC, i de rutines middleware en software.
Exploració de les interfícies HW-SW i la compartició de recursos quan una unitat de punt flotant es connecta com a coprocessador a un sistema NoC-based MPSoC.
Migració de paradigmes de programació paral·lela, com memòria compartida i pas de missatges en arquitectures NoC-based MPSoCs. En aquesta tesis presentem el desenvolupament d'un model de programació paral·lela basat en pas de missatges (MPI), anomenat on-chip MPI. Això permet el disseny de programes paral·leles distribuïts a nivell de tasca o funció fent servir la programació paral·lela explicita amb els mètodes de sincronia entre els elements integrats en el xip.
Proporcionant qualitat de servei en temps d'execució a sobre d'una llibreria OpenMP dissenyada per sistemes de memòria compartida amb la finalitat d'accelerar o balancejar aplicacions critiques i fils d'execució durant la seva execució.
Tots els reptes explorats durant aquesta tesi doctoral estan formalitzats en una metodologia hardware-software centrada en la infraestructura de comunicació de la plataforma. Així, el resultat d'aquest treball d'investigació serà una plataforma cluster-on-chip per una computació paral·lela encastada d'altes prestacions, on els components hardware and software poden ser reutilitzats a diverses nivells d'abstracció.
Recently, on the on-chip and embedded domain, we are witnessing the growing of the Multi-Processor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) era. Network-on-chip (NoCs) have been proposed to be a viable, efficient, scalable, predictable and flexible solution to interconnect IP blocks on a chip, or full-featured bus-based systems in order to create highly complex systems. Thus, the paradigm to high-performance embedded computing is arriving through high hardware parallelism and concurrent software stacks to achieve maximum system platform composability and flexibility using pre-designed IP cores. These are the emerging NoC-based MPSoCs architectures. However, as the number of IP cores on a single chip increases exponentially, many new challenges arise.
The first challenge is the design of a suitable hardware interconnection to provide adequate Quality of Service (QoS) ensuring certain bandwidth and latency bounds for inter-block communication, but at a minimal power and area costs. Due to the huge NoC design space, simulation and verification environments must be put in place to explore, validate and optimize many different NoC architectures.
The second target, nowadays a hot topic, is to provide efficient and flexible parallel programming models upon new generation of highly parallel NoC-based MPSoCs. Thus, it is mandatory the use of lightweight SW libraries which are able to exploit hardware features present on the execution platform. Using these software stacks and their associated APIs according to a specific parallel programming model will let software application designers to reuse and program parallel applications effortlessly at higher levels of abstraction.
Finally, to get an efficient overall system behaviour, a key research challenge is the design of suitable HW/SW interfaces. Specially, it is crucial in heterogeneous multiprocessor systems where parallel programming models and middleware functions must abstract the communication resources during high level specification of software applications.
Thus, the main goal of this dissertation is to enrich the emerging NoC-based MPSoCs by exploring and adding engineering and scientific contribution to new challenges appeared in the last years. This dissertation focuses on all of the above points:
by describing an experimental environment to design NoC-based systems, xENoC, and a NoC design space exploration tool named NoCMaker. This framework leads to a rapid prototyping and validation of NoC-based MPSoCs.
by extending Network Interfaces (NIs) to handle heterogeneous traffic from different bus¬based standards (e.g. AMBA, OCP-IP) in order to reuse and communicate a great variety off-the-shelf IP cores and software stacks in a transparent way from the user point of view.
by providing runtime QoS features (best effort and guaranteed services) through NoC-level hardware components and software middleware routines.
by exploring HW/SW interfaces and resource sharing when a Floating Point Unit (FPU) co¬processor is interfaced on a NoC-based MPSoC.
by porting parallel programming models, such as shared memory or message passing models on NoC-based MPSoCs. We present the implementation of an efficient lightweight parallel programming model based on Message Passing Interface (MPI), called on-chip Message Passing Interface (ocMPI). It enables the design of parallel distributed computing at task-level or function-level using explicit parallelism and synchronization methods between the cores integrated on the chip.
by provide runtime application to packets QoS support on top of the OpenMP runtime library targeted for shared memory MPSoCs in order to boost or balance critical applications or threads during its execution.
The key challenges explored in this dissertation are formalized on HW-SW communication centric platform-based design methodology. Thus, the outcome of this work will be a robust cluster-on-chip platform for high-performance embedded computing, whereby hardware and software components can be reused at multiple levels of design abstraction.
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Aygun, Betul. "Unification Of It Process Models Into A Simple Framework Supplemented By Turkish Web Based Application." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612338/index.pdf.
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Information technology usage has become compulsory for all organizations whether government or private organizations to achieve visibility, compete rivals and execute their missions better. To get desired result from usage of information technology, IT of organization has to be managed well. Up till now, various frameworks are developed to manage it well. Best examples for this kind of frameworks are COBIT and ITIL, containing all processes which can be handled in IT management and becoming widespread through the world. COBIT and ITIL are complementary frameworks rather
than competitors. Due to this reason, organizations must implement both of them instead of choosing one of them. In addition to these, ISO/IEC 27001:2005 which focuses on information security management process is a quite famous IT standard in terms of security.
This thesis provides organizations to meet requirements of these frameworks/standards which are process based frameworks and standards complementary to each other, with a unique implementation by taking unification of processes in a more simple and understandable way. Consequently, it provides reduction in the duplicate work and prevents inconsistencies that may occur. In addition, including CMMI level two requirements motivate the organization to implement higher maturity level of CMMI. Moreover, this study provides organizations to implement ISO 27001 management structure which establish a foundation for extension to technical structure of it. Besides these, this study provides an alignment of frameworks model and COBIT and ITIL which helps organization to trace ITIL and COBIT simultaneously. Lastly by providing a web based application, there exists foundation for knowledge bank of IT processes in Turkish and profile pages for each organization to manage, trace and reach their own IT processes in a digital environment.
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El, Meligy Abdelhamid Sherif Hanie. "Providing High Performance Computing based Models as a Service: Architecture and Services for Modeling Contagions on Large Networked Populations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84456.
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Network science emerged as an interdisciplinary field over the last 20 years, and played a central role to address fundamental problems in other fields, e.g., epidemiology, public health, and transportation, and is now part of most university curriculums. Network dynamics is a major area within network science where researchers study different forms of processes in networked populations, such as the spread of emotions, influence, opinions, flu, ebola, and mass movements. These processes often referred to individually and collectively as contagions. Contagions are increasingly studied because of their economic, social, and political impacts. Yet, resources for studying network dynamics are largely dispersed and stand-alone. Furthermore, many researchers interested in the study of networks are not computer scientists. As a result, they do not have easy
access to computing and data resources. Even with the presence of software or tools, it is challenging to install, build, and maintain software. These challenges create a barrier for researchers and domain scientists. The goal of this work is the design and implementation of a research framework for modeling contagions on large networked populations. The framework consists of various systems and services that provide support for researchers and domain scientists at different stages of their research workflow.Ph. D.
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Palo, T. (Teea). "Business model captured?:variation in the use of business models." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526203430.
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Abstract This study examines the ways in which business models are used by market actors in the context of emerging technology-based services. Such services are developed, produced and marketed by multiple market actors forming business nets within wider networks and markets. In such nets, market actors aim to connect emerging technology-based services with potential markets. The business model is suggested to act as an analytical device for the actors to use in their activities. By integrating business models into two contemporary discussions on networks and markets in marketing, the study widens the scope of the application of business models and explicates the variation in the use of business models. This study is interested in the dynamic, processual, and interactive nature of business models instead of their mere structure, requiring a research approach that allows the phenomenon be studied closely, longitudinally, and within its context. Hence, the study employs a qualitative multi-method approach for studying the use of business models. The empirical setting of the study is based on two research projects: the UBI service pilot and the IT service development project, in which different types of market actors developed and tested new technology-based services. Using a variety of methods, such as interviews, observation, and Delphi questionnaires, data were gathered longitudinally on the activities of the actors in business nets and markets. The results of the study show that business models can be used in multiple ways. They are used as structures and narratives to develop and stabilize business. Business models frame action at different interlinked levels (organization, net and market) in which business models are shared in relation to the past, present and future. Hence, this study explicates the business model concept by integrating it into the network approach and market studies literature in marketing, revealing novel perspectives on business models. The study also contributes to the network approach by explicating the nature and formation of business nets by examining the use of business models in business nets. Finally, the study adds to our understanding of market dynamics by incorporating the business model conceptTiivistelmä Tämä väitöskirja keskittyy liiketoimintamallin käytön moninaisuuteen tutkimalla kuinka markkinatoimijat käyttävät liiketoimintamalleja teknologiaa hyödyntävien palvelujen kontekstissa. Useat erityyppiset markkinatoimijat kehittävät, tuottavat ja markkinoivat em. palveluja ja näin toimiessaan muodostavat liiketoimintaverkon osaksi laajempaa verkostoa ja markkinoita. Verkon toimijoiden tavoitteena on kiinnittää palvelut potentiaalisiin markkinoihin. Tämä tutkimus näkee liiketoimintamallin analyyttisena työkaluna, jota toimijat voivat käyttää näissä toimissaan. Yhdistämällä liiketoimintamallikeskustelun markkinoinnin verkosto- ja markkinakirjallisuuteen, tämä tutkimus laajentaa liiketoimintamallikäsitteen soveltamisalaa sekä analysoi liiketoimintamallin käyttötapoja. Tämä tutkimus on kiinnostunut liiketoimintamallin dynaamisesta, prosessinomaisesta ja vuorovaikutteisesta luonteesta pelkän liiketoimintamallin rakenteen sijaan. Tästä syystä työ käyttää tutkimusstrategiaa, jonka avulla ilmiötä voi tarkastella läheltä ja ajassa, sen omassa kontekstissa ja hyödyntää laadullisen aineiston keruu- ja analysointimenetelmiä (haastattelut, havainnointi, ja Delfoi-kyselyt). Tutkimuksen empiirinen aineisto kerättiin kahdesta tutkimusprojektista: UBI palvelupilotista ja IT-palvelujen kehitysprojektista, joissa useat markkinatoimijat kehittivät ja testasivat uusia teknologiaa hyödyntäviä palveluja. Empiirinen aineisto kertoo markkinatoimijoiden toiminnasta liiketoimintaverkoissa ja markkinoilla. Tutkimus osoittaa, että liiketoimintamallia voidaan käyttää monella tavalla. Sitä käytetään sekä verkostomaisen liiketoiminnan nykyhetken rakenteen kuvaamiseen ja vakauttamiseen että liiketoiminnan tulevaisuuden vision kertomiseen ja kehittämiseen. Liiketoimintamalli ohjaa markkinatoimijoiden toimintaa eri tasoilla (organisaatio-, verkko- ja markkinataso), luoden yhteistä ymmärrystä toimijoiden välillä menneestä, nykyhetkestä ja tulevaisuudesta. Tutkimus paitsi tarkentaa liiketoimintamallin käsitettä verkosto- ja markkinanäkökulmista, myös lisää ymmärrystä liiketoimintaverkkojen luonteesta ja muodostamisesta sekä markkinoiden dynaamisuudesta
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Bhat, Aniket Anant. "Stochastic Petri Net Models of Service Availability in a PBNM System for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10000.
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Policy based network management is a promising approach for provisioning and management of quality of service in mobile ad hoc networks. In this thesis, we focus on performance evaluation of this approach in context of the amount of service received by certain nodes called policy execution points (PEPs) or policy clients from certain specialized nodes called the policy decision points (PDPs) or policy servers. We develop analytical models for the study of the system behavior under two scenarios; a simple Markovian scenario where we assume that the random variables associated with system processes follow an exponential distribution and a more complex non-Markovian scenario where we model the system processes according to general distribution functions as observed through simulation. We illustrate that the simplified Markovian model provides a reasonable indication of the trend of the service availability seen by policy clients and highlight the need for an exact analysis of the system without relying on Poisson assumptions for system processes. In the case of the more exact non-Markovian analysis, we show that our model gives a close approximation to the values obtained via empirical methods. Stochastic Petri Nets are used as performance evaluation tools in development and analysis of these system models.Master of Science
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Popp, Patricia Ann. "Standards-based assessment and program efficacy: Comparing service delivery models for students with learning disabilities and their peers without disabilities." W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154145.
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Kucuk, Carullah Y. "After-Sales Service Contracting for Excellence in Life-Cycle Cost Management: Numerical Experiments and Systematic Review of Analytical Models." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707412/.
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This research adds to the literature and provides insight to practice via three essays that increase understanding about the applications and consequences of the two new approaches to the after-sales service governance: warranty contract and performance-based contracts. First, we attempted to enhance our knowledge of the modeling of the after-sales service process. In the first essay, the research papers with analytical models of after-sales services to present current trends, issues, and future research directions in the literature are classified. In the second essay, the effect of the warranty contract on the supplier's product quality improvement efforts in the context of capital goods is examined. Three sets of optimization models reveal that the existence of a warranty improves product quality. In the third essay, the performance-based contract is examined in the context of the warranty contract. The numerical experimentations conducted demonstrate that the performance-based contract is superior to the warranty contract in terms of the supplier's product quality efforts and the customer's total cost of after-sales services. The alignment of incentives based on the product performance tackles the issues presented in the traditional after-sales service contracting. Collectively, the three studies presented in this research expand our understanding of after-sales service contracts. Thus, the research presents managerial implications and adds to the existing body of knowledge in after-sales service research.
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Lee, Tomie J., and Elliot Nordin. "USING SIMULATION AS AN ADVANCED TESTING METHOD : A study to improve a transportation service of an event-based system." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-19593.
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Today in a modern society the pace is high and the need for flexibility and mobilityis big. Despite the increasing access and great digital solutions for online-meetings,the need for short distance transportation remains. With an increasing number ofeasy-to-use mobile applications, the many offered solutions for personal transporta-tion have in the last few years expanded. Besides the effect of an increasing pressureof road space, the pressure on the transportation solutions has escalated. This is the current situation of the company we came in contact with. Their currenttravel service provides on-demand transportation in small electric, emission free andchauffeur driven vehicles they call pods. As a step of claiming their space in thetransportation sector they are developing their application letting customers planand book a transport. For the ability to test their new booking solution this project took form. With asimulation it would be possible to test the various probabilities of a travel outcome.The aim was to develop a simulation software, simulating the events of multipletravels taking place in the system. With the simulation it would be possible to eval-uate the configuration for the booking feature, analyse how it works with the rest ofthe system and to help the company to predict how the intensity of customers in re-lations to the number of available drivers would affect the outcome of a travel request. The project covered the study of how to interpret the factors, that a transportationdirectly depends on, into events in the system and how to use historical events tocreate probabilities of the simulation outcome. The simulator software was not suc-cessful with simulating multiple rides as intended, but parts of the software could beevaluated in relation to historical events. Statistical models were built using aggre-gated events from the system. When comparing the average result of the statisticalmodels with the historical event count of the system, it resulted in an outcomewithin an acceptable range. This shows that it was possible to use aggregated his-torical events to create probabilities and that these probabilities were reliable.
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Labes, Stine [Verfasser], Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Zarnekow, Rüdiger [Gutachter] Zarnekow, and Stefan [Gutachter] Tai. "Towards successful business models of cloud service providers through cooperation-based solutions / Stine Labes ; Gutachter: Rüdiger Zarnekow, Stefan Tai ; Betreuer: Rüdiger Zarnekow." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1156270219/34.
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Ilten, Paul. "Ansätze für profitables Wachstum von BPO-Dienstleistern." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-175529.
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In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, wie eine theoriegeleitete Bewertung der Auslagerungseignung von Geschäftsprozessen erfolgen kann und welche Ansatzpunkte für profitables Wachstum von Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)-Anbietern in Deutschland sich aus der Nutzung einer entsprechenden Methodik ableiten lassen. Dazu wird in drei Schritten vorgegangen. In einem ersten Schritt wird ein theoretisch-konzeptionelles Bewertungsmodell zur Bestimmung der Auslagerungseignung von Geschäftsprozessen entwickelt. In einem zweiten Schritt werden Möglichkeiten einer konzeptionellen Übertragung dieses Modells auf Praxisanwendungen geprüft. Im abschließenden dritten Schritt wird gezeigt, wie die Verwendung des in dieser Arbeit entwickelten Bewertungsmodells im Rahmen der Marktbearbeitungsaktivitäten von BPO-Dienstleistern einen Beitrag zum profitablen Wachstum dieser Anbieter leisten kannIn this thesis it is studied how a theory-based assessment of business processes regarding their adequacy for outsourcing can be carried out and what starting points for profitable growth of Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) providers in Germany can result from the application of such a methodology. For this purpose a three step approach is taken. As a first step a theory-based concept of an assessment model to determine the adequacy of outsourcing business processes is developed. As a second step possibilities for transferring the concept of this model to real life applications are examined. In a final third step it is shown how the assessment model developed here can be used as part of the marketing activities of BPO companies to contribute to their profitable growth
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Burman, Anna, and Ida Stjernström. "Factors Important for Rapid Internationalization : A Multiple Case-Study of Born Global Internet-Based Service Firms in Sweden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-137477.
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The evolution of globalization and technology have changed the playground for international business and made it possible for smaller businesses to compete internationally among large and capital intensive companies. Markets become increasingly alike with converging product preferences and changing the world into one large integrated marketplace easily accessible for firms of all sizes. Recent research in the field of International Business has shed light on small firms that rapidly become international market players, called “born globals” (BGs). These firms’ behavior contradicting traditional theory, such as the Uppsala Model, which propose that internationalization is an incremental process where firms must gain market knowledge and psychical distance to markets to internationalize. The Uppsala Model describes internationalization as a relatively resource-demanding process. However, the BGs most often have scarce resources, but still manages to enter several markets simultaneously. Previous studies have focused on manufacturing exporting BGs when investigate this relatively new phenomenon. Yet, little light is shed on BG service firms and their internationalization. The purpose of this study is to investigate the facilitating factors of resource-scarce Internet-based service BGs’ internationalization and barriers connected to it. Thus, this study aims to fill the research field of BG Internet-based service firms with more empirical data. The research questions are formulated as followed: RQ1: What important factors enable internationalization for Swedish born global Internet-based service firms? RQ2: Do the perceived barriers to internationalization for SMEs apply to Swedish born global Internet-based service firms, or are there other barriers present in their internationalization? As a theoretical framework, the researchers have combined three main theories, explicitly the Resource-Based View, Dynamic Capabilities and Business Models. Further, SMEs’ perceived barriers to internationalization are included in the theoretical framework as a sub-theory, to investigate if those barriers apply to BG Internet-based service firms. The researchers have performed a qualitative exploratory multiple-case study including six Swedish companies. The empirical data acquired is presented in a case-by-case structure relating back to the theoretical framework. The data has further been analyzed in a thematic way based on theories using the cross-case analysis technique. From the study, the researchers have found that the most important factors enabling internationalization for Swedish BG Internet-based service firms are an internationally standardized business model, human capital, and the level of dynamic capabilities. Regarding SME’s perceived barriers to internationalization, no clear pattern was found regarding the sample firms’ perceived barriers to internationalization. Which implies that more research is needed in this area.
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Fjellström, William, and Vladislav Snitko. "Disruptive business model transitioning in B2B : A subscription-based approach for Industry 4.0." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-86199.
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Industry 4.0 has introduced technologies such as machine learning, Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing, which has disrupted markets across different industries. These technologies are prime examples of what has come to be known as disruptive innovations. With the advancement of disruptive innovations, organizations are constantly looking for new ways to satisfy customer needs. Therefore, organizations have begun to investigate alternative business models that differ from the conventional way of selling products/services. Within B2C-markets, the rise of subscription-based services has not gone unnoticed and has turned into a prominent business model among Fortune-500 organizations. Within B2B-practices however, subscription-based business models are mostly unheard of. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine how IndustryInternet of Things (IIoT) solution providers successfully can transition to a subscription-based business model when launching IoT-based disruptive innovations in industry 4.0 B2B-markets. This purpose was investigated in a quantitative study by constructing a questionnaire based on an adjusted six-factor Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model. The model was used to stipulate factors influencing buying intention for IoT-technologies. The study was further complemented by qualitative interviews, which aimed to shed more light on buyer's perception of subscription-based business models for IoT-technologies. The respondents consisted of purchasing function employees within the chemical-, food and beverage-, and life sciences industries in Scandinavia and the US. The quantitative results showed that performance expectancy had the most significant impact on buying intention. The qualitative results stipulated themes based on each UTAUT2 factor while also enlightening how interviewees emphasize the importance of not hiding costs and raised concerns regarding the transfer of data ownership when purchasing IoT-technologies. To conclude, the authors stipulated a conceptual framework for the implementation of subscription-based business models when introducing of IoT-technologies within B2B-markets.
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Tabet, Aouel Nasreddine. "General queueing networks with priorities. Maximum entropy analysis of general queueing network models with priority preemptive resume or head-of-line and non-priority based service disciplines." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4214.
Full textAbstract:
Priority based scheduling disciplines are widely used by existing
computer operating systems. However, the mathematical analysis and
modelling of these systems present great difficulties since priority
schedulling is not compatible with exact product form solutions of
queueing network models (QNM's). It is therefore, necessary to employ
credible approximate techniques for solving QNM's with priority
classes.
The principle of maximum entropy (ME) is a method of inference
for estimating a probability distribution given prior information in
the form of expected values. This principle is applied, based on
marginal utilisation, mean queue length and idle state probability
constraints, to characterise new product-form approximations for
general open and closed QNM's with priority (preemptive-resume,
non-preemtive head-of-line) and non-priority
(first-come-first-served, processor-sharing, last-come-first-served
with, or without preemtion) servers. The ME solutions are interpreted
in terms of a decomposition of the original network into individual
stable GIG11 queueing stations with assumed renewal arrival
processes. These solutions are implemented by making use of the
generalised exponential (GE) distributional model to approximate the
interarrival-time and service-time distributions in the network. As a
consequence the ME queue length distribution of the stable GE/GEzl
priority queue, subject to mean value constraints obtained via
classical queueing theory on bulk queues, is used as a 'building
block' together with corresponding universal approximate flow
formulae for the analysis of general QNM's with priorities. The
credibility of the ME method is demonstrated with illustrative
numerical examples and favourable comparisons against exact,
simulation and other approximate methods are made.Algerian government
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Wilczkowski, Susanna. "The Pricing Decision Process in Software-as-a-Service Companies." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-276464.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines various approaches used by companies providingsoftware-as-a-service (SaaS) in a business-to-business (B2B) environment to find a pricing strategy. To be able to meet competition in a global market, a good pricing strategy is vital. Pricing is an important part of marketing, which must be congruent with the company's overall objectives. Strategic pricing is made up of different factors represented in the strategic pricing pyramid, which is based on a value-based approach. It is paramount to know your customers and their preferences when designing a pricing strategy and selecting pricing models, price metrics, market segmentation, bundling, and price levels. After having estimated how much value a product or service creates for a customer, this must be communicated to potential customers in order to convince them to purchase your offering. Choosing the right pricing strategy is not a onetime occurrence, but an on-going process. In this qualitative study, three case studies are performed to tie theory to real world practise.
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Tabet, Aouel Nasreddine. "General queueing networks with priorities : maximum entropy analysis of general queueing network models with priority pre-emptive resume or head-of-line and non-priority based service disciplines." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4214.
Full textAbstract:
Priority based scheduling disciplines are widely used by existing computer operating systems. However, the mathematical analysis and modelling of these systems present great difficulties since priority schedulling is not compatible with exact product form solutions of queueing network models (QNM's). It is therefore, necessary to employ credible approximate techniques for solving QNM's with priority classes. The principle of maximum entropy (ME) is a method of inference for estimating a probability distribution given prior information in the form of expected values. This principle is applied, based on marginal utilisation, mean queue length and idle state probability constraints, to characterise new product-form approximations for general open and closed QNM's with priority (preemptive-resume, non-preemtive head-of-line) and non-priority (first-come-first-served, processor-sharing, last-come-first-served with, or without preemtion) servers. The ME solutions are interpreted in terms of a decomposition of the original network into individual stable GIG11 queueing stations with assumed renewal arrival processes. These solutions are implemented by making use of the generalised exponential (GE) distributional model to approximate the interarrival-time and service-time distributions in the network. As a consequence the ME queue length distribution of the stable GE/GEzl priority queue, subject to mean value constraints obtained via classical queueing theory on bulk queues, is used as a 'building block' together with corresponding universal approximate flow formulae for the analysis of general QNM's with priorities. The credibility of the ME method is demonstrated with illustrative numerical examples and favourable comparisons against exact, simulation and other approximate methods are made.
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Krishnakumar, Ramnath, and Surya Prakash Venkatesh. "Stabilising the Oscillations between Consumption Practices and Circular Economy Business Models : A case study of a circular economy-based offering through collaboration within textile industry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413276.
Full textAbstract:
The surges in the deterioration on all fronts of sustainability have led to the conceptualization of the Circular Economy (CE). The compliance of production and consumption tightly knitted with the linear model has created a much-needed debate as well as a barrier to the transition towards the CE. In order to drive the transition from linear to CE, various typologies of CE business models have been derived. The Product-Service System (PSS), a business model for creating a circular flow of materials, necessitates the transformation of consumers from being owners into mere users. The textile industry, where the use of virgin materials is deemed to be a primary component for its production and consumption, requires the ingestion of CE-based business models. However, such a transition requires a constant and conscious effort from various actors as well as consumers. The study takes a holistic perspective targeting both the PSS provider as well as the consumers in providing an understanding of frictions that occur between a PSS Business model and the existing consumption practices. As different actors form a network to drive a PSS business model, this study, firstly aims to develop an understanding of the interactions that take place between two different actors who aim to develop a PSS business model within the domain of textiles. Secondly, as there tend to be consumers who oppose business models that change their existing habits and routines, one such as PSS, this study focuses on analyzing the existing practices related to the consumption of textiles. By contemplating between the consumption side and the PSS provider side, the thesis concludes with a model on how a PSS business model can be made to stabilize the differences with respect to consumption practices by taking into account the factors that influence the consumption of a product.
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Laranjeira, Rui Manuel Dias. "Terceirização de desenvolvimento de software e modelos de contratação." Escola de Administração, 2012. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/24004.
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A difusão da terceirização de projetos de desenvolvimento de software nas organizações acarretou em dúvidas com relação a quais projetos podem ser terceirizados e quais devem ser desenvolvidos com equipe interna, pois os projetos críticos devem responder a vários requisitos, como: garantia de sigilo, qualidade, prazo, dentre outros, e que também podem não ser totalmente atendidos com a terceirização. O presente trabalho se posiciona neste cenário e nas diferentes formas de se trabalhar a terceirização nas organizações, mais especificamente na área de desenvolvimento de software, tendo como objetivo identificar como este processo de terceirização de TI influencia na utilização dos modelos de contratação de serviços. Foi realizado um estudo de caso envolvendo uma das Unidades da FIOCRUZ. A coleta de dados foi realizada com o gerente de TI da Unidade pesquisada, através de entrevista semiestruturada e com os restantes membros da equipe de desenvolvimento através de um questionário online. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que um processo de terceirização de desenvolvimento de software mais bem estruturado pode influenciar na utilização de um modelo de contratação mais avançado. Ao longo das etapas que compõem o processo de terceirização, observaram-se algumas características que podem exercer de forma mais clara essa influência, como: os objetivos a serem alcançados através da terceirização, os critérios utilizados na escolha do fornecedor, a forma de transição dos serviços e a utilização de métodos de gerenciamento. Constatou-se que a utilização de um modelo de contratação também poderá influenciar a forma como o processo de terceirização é desenvolvido, exigindo ou não uma maior formalização e organização.
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Jiang, Huijing. "Statistical computation and inference for functional data analysis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37087.
Full textAbstract:
My doctoral research dissertation focuses on two aspects of functional data analysis (FDA): FDA under spatial interdependence and FDA for multi-level data.
The first part of my thesis focuses on developing modeling and inference procedure for functional data under spatial dependence. The methodology introduced in this part is motivated by a research study on inequities in accessibility to financial services.
The first research problem in this part is concerned with a novel model-based method for clustering random time functions which are spatially interdependent. A cluster consists of time functions which are similar in shape. The time functions are decomposed into spatial global and time-dependent cluster effects using a semi-parametric model. We also assume that
the clustering membership is a realization from a Markov random field. Under these model assumptions, we borrow information across curves from nearby locations resulting in enhanced estimation accuracy of the cluster effects and of the cluster membership. In a simulation study, we assess the estimation accuracy of our clustering algorithm under a series of settings: small number of time points, high noise level and varying dependence structures. Over all simulation settings, the spatial-functional clustering method outperforms existing model-based clustering methods. In the case study presented in this project, we focus on estimates and classifies service accessibility patterns varying over a large geographic area (California and Georgia) and over a period of 15 years. The focus of this study is on financial services but it generally applies to any other service operation.
The second research project of this part studies an association analysis of space-time varying processes, which is rigorous, computational feasible and implementable with standard software. We introduce general measures to model different aspects of the temporal and spatial association between processes varying in space and time. Using a nonparametric spatiotemporal model, we show that the proposed association estimators are asymptotically unbiased and consistent. We complement the point association estimates with simultaneous confidence bands to assess the uncertainty in the point estimates. In a simulation study, we evaluate the accuracy of the association estimates with respect to the sample size as well as the coverage of the confidence bands. In the case study in this project, we investigate the association between service accessibility and income level. The primary objective of this association analysis is to assess whether there are significant changes in the income-driven equity of financial service accessibility over time and to identify potential under-served markets.
The second part of the thesis discusses novel statistical methodology for analyzing multilevel functional data including a clustering method based on a functional ANOVA model and a spatio-temporal model for functional data with a nested hierarchical structure. In this part, I introduce and compare a series of clustering approaches for multilevel functional data. For brevity, I present the clustering methods for two-level data: multiple samples of random functions, each sample corresponding to a case and each random function within a sample/case corresponding to a measurement type. A cluster consists of cases which have similar within-case means (level-1 clustering) or similar between-case means (level-2 clustering). Our primary focus is to evaluate a model-based clustering to more straightforward hard clustering methods. The clustering model is based on a multilevel functional principal component analysis. In a simulation study, we assess the estimation accuracy of our clustering algorithm under a series of settings: small vs. moderate number of time points, high noise level and small number of measurement types. We demonstrate the applicability of the clustering analysis to a real data set consisting of time-varying sales for multiple products sold by a large retailer in the U.S.
My ongoing research work in multilevel functional data analysis is developing a statistical model for estimating temporal and spatial associations of a series of time-varying variables with an intrinsic nested hierarchical structure. This work has a great potential in many real applications where the data are areal data collected from different data sources and over geographic regions of different spatial resolution.
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Lazzarotto, Bruna Omizzolo. "Proposição de diretrizes de gestão para contratos de terceirização baseados em resultados inseridos no contexto B2B." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2013. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4324.
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UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
O modelo terceirização com contratos baseados em resultado pode ser uma opção vantajosa para as organizações que buscam aumentar a sua competitividade por meio da terceirização de processos. Contratos baseados em resultado estimulam os contratados a atingirem as metas estabelecidas, dado que a remuneração destes est• vinculada a esse atendimento. Entretanto, para que as metas sejam alcançadas, é fundamental que o contrato seja bem gerido tanto pela empresa contratante como pela contratada para a execução do serviço. Contudo, essa boa gestão não é um fator fácil de alcançar e várias barreiras podem surgir, em qualquer fase do processo de terceirização, seja na etapa de preparação, implantação ou manutenção. Considerando o cenário exposto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral propor um conjunto de diretrizes de gestão capaz de suportar a inserção de uma terceirização com contratos baseados em resultado, em ambiente busines-to-business (B2B), de modo que o mesmo agregue valor para a contratante e contratada, sendo que os objetivos específicos são: (a) apresentar a atual prática de gestão de alguns casos de terceirização em ambiente B2B; (b) identificar os objetivos do processo de terceirização baseado em resultado em ambiente B2B, sob o ponto de vista para contratantes e contratados; e (c) identificar os fatores de sucesso e as barreiras para a inserção de uma terceirização baseada em resultados. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foi elaborado um framework teórico que sustentou a pesquisa de campo. Foram estudados onze contratos baseados em resultado, envolvendo sete empresas contratantes e sete contratadas. Como resultado, identifica-se que os principais fatores de sucesso atrelados ‡ terceirização estão relacionados ao processo de seleção do prestador de serviço, estabelecimento de um contrato específico com objetivos claros, e com uma gestão ativa do contratado e do relacionamento entre as empresas contratantes e contratadas. Como principais barreiras para o processo de terceirização, identifica-se o baixo apoio da alta administração da empresa contratante demonstrando um desalinhamento entre a estratégia de terceirização e a estratégia da organização; uma gestão negligente do contrato após esse ser estabelecido por parte da contratante; uma postura pouco proativa por parte do contratado. A partir desses fatores identificados, foram estabelecidas diretrizes de gestão para o processo de terceirização contemplando as três fases do processo: preparação, implantação e manutenção. Dentre as diretrizes propostas, pode-se destacar o estabelecimento de um processo de seleção do contratado, avaliando capacidade técnica e o alinhamento de objetivo; o estabelecimento de um contrato específico de terceirização incluindo regras, indicadores, punições e recompensas; o estabelecimento de um processo de gestão ativo, contemplado a utilização de indicadores e um processo de análise periódica desses; a gestão do relacionamento baseando em uma postura proativa. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir no avanço do tema dado que se observam lacunas teóricas principalmente relacionadas ‡ gestão estratégica do processo, e contribuir em termos gerenciais possibilitando um aprimoramento do processo de gestão e, por consequência, o alcance dos objetivos esperados da terceirização.
The results-based outsourcing model may be an advantage to organizations seeking to increase their productivity by outsourcing processes. Results-based contracts stimulate the suppliers to achieve their goals because their compensation is commensurate with the achievement of results. However, the achievement of goals calls for a good contract management by the contracting parties, buyer and service supplier. A good contract management, however, is not an easy task and a number of barriers can come up in any step of the outsourcing process, preparation, implementation, and maintenance. In view of this scenario, this research work aims to propose a set of management guidelines capable of supporting the insertion of a results-based outsourcing in a business to business (B2B) environment in such a way as to add value to the buyer and the supplier as well, with the following specific objectives: (a) to present the current management practice from a few outsourcing initiatives in a B2B environment; (b) to identify the objectives of the outsourcing process based on results in a B2B environment from the standpoint of buyers and suppliers; and (c) to identify the success factors and the barriers to the insertion of results-based outsourcing. For the development of the research, a theoretical framework was created which supported the field survey/research. Eleven results-based contracts from seven buyers and seven suppliers provided the basis for the study. As a result, it has been identified that the main success factors for outsourcing are associated with the process of selecting the service provider, the establishment of a specific contract with clear-cut objectives and an active management of the contract, and the relationship with the contracting parties, buyers and suppliers. The main barriers to the outsourcing process were identified as the low level of support from the buyer’s top management demonstrating a misalignment between the outsourcing strategy and the company strategy; a neglectful management of the contract following its establishment by the buyer; a less than proactive posture from the supplier. Based on these research factors, management guidelines were established for the outsourcing process contemplating its three phases: preparation, implementation, and maintenance. Among the proposed guidelines, stands out the establishment of a selection process for the supplier, where the supplier’s technical capabilities and alignment of objective are reviewed; the establishment of a specific outsourcing contract including rules, indicators, penalties, and rewards, the establishment of a process of active management contemplating the utilization of indicators and a process of periodical review of the same; the management of the relationship based on a proactive and fair posture. Hopefully this research work will contribute to the advancement of the theme inasmuch as a number of theoretical gaps can be observed, mainly as regards the strategic management of the process, and to give a contribution in managerial terms, enabling organizations to improve their management process and, as a consequence, to achieve the desired outsourcing results.
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Callorda, Fossati Ela. "Le travail domestique revisité à travers les enquêtes emploi du temps et les transformations du salariat : diversité internationale des institutions du travail et étude du cas de l’Uruguay." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0204.
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Dans un contexte de déclin de la norme de « l’homme gagne-pain », s’appuyant sur une démarche pluridisciplinaire, cettethèse revisite le cadre d’analyse du travail domestique. Un premier chapitre adopte une perspective internationale incluant lespays en développement (PED) en vue de discerner la diversité et la singularité des institutions du travail. Vient ensuitel’étude du cas de l’Uruguay qui montre une rupture récente dans le legs, certes hybride, des institutions du travail libérales etla mise en place d’un modèle dit post-libéral, où la négociation collective occupe une place clé, y compris aux marges dusalariat, en intégrant le service domestique. La réflexion théorique renvoie sur le plan des structures à l’unité définitionnelledu mode de production domestique, souligne les limites des principaux corpus – la rationalité instrumentale de la théorienéoclassique et le fonctionnalisme de l’approche marxiste – et explore le renouveau conceptuel porté par le care dès lorsqu’il introduit la dimension interpersonnelle et les affects. Cette recherche s’empare des défis méthodologiques soulevés parles enquêtes emploi du temps (EET) dans les PED, outil privilégié pour mesurer le temps de travail domestique à partir de lacollecte de données sur les activités quotidiennes. L’exploitation de l’EET uruguayenne (MUT-ECH 2007) permetd’identifier les déterminants de la charge domestique des conjointes et teste pour les biactives l’hypothèse dite d’autonomieet ses prolongements. Leur revenu en termes absolus constitue un facteur notable diminuant le volume domestique qu’ellesaccomplissent. Le service domestique est la seule forme d’externalisation exerçant un effet substitutif. Toutefois, ces résultatssont nuancés au regard du caractère composite du travail domestique et de son inégale répartition dans le coupleIn a context of decline of the male breadwinner standard, based on a pluridisciplinary approach, this thesis revisits thedomestic labour framework analysis. The first chapter carries an international perspective including developing countries(DCs) in order to discern the diversity and singularity of labour institutions. Follows the case study of Uruguay pointing out arecent break in the legacy, certainly hybrid, with liberal labour institutions and the implementation of a model labelled aspost-liberal, where collective bargaining takes a major role, including at the margins of wage labour, i.e. integrating paiddomestic workers. Theoretical arguments refer, in terms of structures, to the definitional unit of the domestic mode ofproduction, underline the limits of main corpus – the instrumental rationality of the neoclassical theory and functionalism ofthe Marxist approach – and explore the renew involving the concept of care in its consideration of the interpersonaldimension and affects. This research examines the methodological challenges raised by time use surveys (TUSs) in DCs, thistool particularly adapted to measure the domestic labour time through the collection of data on daily activities. Using theUruguayan TUS (MUT-ECH 2007), we identify the determinants of domestic burden carried by wives and test for dualearner,the so-called autonomy hypothesis and its extensions. Their earnings considered in absolute terms are a key factordecreasing the domestic volume they do. The domestic service represents the only form of outsourcing exercising asubstitution effect. However, these results are modified when considering the composite nature of domestic labour and itsunequal marital distribution
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Shahmarichatghieh, M. (Marzieh). "Product development sourcing strategies over technology life cycle in high-tech industry." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526215273.
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Abstract The main objective of this study is to observe product development sourcing strategies over technology life-cycle stages, including assessing evaluation conditions and strategy formulating models. This dissertation approaches product development sourcing from the perspectives of 1) main concepts of product development and technology life-cycles, 2) mapping product development activities over technology life-cycles, 3) mapping product development sourcing over technology life-cycles, and 4) a decision making flowchart. The individual findings are further synthesised and a three dimensional view to analyse the strategic positioning of technology, product and market development as a core context of the organisation is presented. This as it is proposed that the product development sourcing strategies should be analysed and decided according to strategic positioning of the technologies, products and markets and based on the related life-cycle phases. Different product development sourcing strategies can increase the competitiveness of the company by effectively managing critical knowledge of the technology and product development resources. The dissertation is qualitative and inductive in nature and is based on both, reviewing the literature and interviewing experienced industrial managers. The empirical material is based on semi-structured interviews with R&D managers and meetings with R&D directors. The study was realised by investigating historical data on product development activities and sourcing strategies of one of the high-tech industry leaders over four technology generations. The technology evolution of all the generations are considered and the collected data is analysed to understand if there are any significant relationships with the literature based findings. The analysis consists of five individual publications and related synthesis in this compilation. The principal results of this study is a product development sourcing framework (PDSF) proposing how product development sourcing strategies could be managed according to technology maturity levels by considering the specific needs and motivations of each prevailing situation. This necessitates the understanding of the characteristics of different technology life-cycle stages, and evaluating product development activities. This study points out how different models can be utilised to support the evaluation. As a result, various factors can be used to support the product development sourcing decisions for each specific situation, whereas strategy formulating theories are also beneficial as a support for these decisions. The main implications include providing a structure, PDSF, to support managers in their decisions on product development activities and sourcing strategies. The created PDSF is an amalgam of seven technology life-cycles that enable cross-functional investigations over each technology with market penetration situation, manufacturing capabilities, product development factors, and sourcing capability factors of all technology products. Aside providing support for selecting suitable product development sourcing strategies, this study may also ease the considerations over killing unproductive projects and unprofitable product linesTiivistelmä Tämä tutkimus tarkastelee tuotekehityksen hankintastrategioita teknologioiden, tuotteiden ja markkinasegmenttien eri elinkaarivaiheissa. Väitöskirja lähestyy tuotekehityksen hankintaa seuraavista näkökulmista: 1) tuotekehityksen ja teknologioiden elinkaarien pääkonseptit, 2) tuotekehitystoiminnat teknologianelinkaarien vaiheissa, 3) tuotekehityksen hankinnat teknologianelinkaaren vaiheissa, ja 4) päätöksenteon vuokaavio. Yksittäiset löydökset on edelleen syntetisoitu ja kolmiulotteinen näkemys teknologioiden, tuotteiden ja markkinoiden kehittymiseen on esitetty keskeisenä kontekstina organisaatioille. Väitöstutkimus esittää että tuotekehityksen hankintastrategiat pitäisi analysoida ja päättää perustuen teknologioiden, tuotteiden ja markkinoiden strategiseen positioon elinkaarivaiheissa. Erilaiset tuotekehityksen hankintastrategiat voivat parantaa yritysten kilpailukykyä teknologioihin ja tuotekehitysresursseihin liittyvän kriittisen tiedon tehokkaan johtamisen ansiosta. Väitöskirja on luonteeltaan laadullista tutkimusta hyödyntäen induktiivista päättelylogiikkaa perustuen sekä aiemman kirjallisuuden tarkasteluun, että empiirisesti puolistrukturoituihin haastatteluihin kokeneiden tuotekehityspäälliköiden ja -johtajien kanssa. Tutkimus toteutettiin tarkastelemalla neljään eri teknologiasukupolveen liittyviä tuotekehityksen ja hankintastrategioiden historiatietoa ja aineistoa yhdessä johtavassa korkeanteknologian yrityksessä. Tarkasteltujen teknologiasukupolvien teknologiaevoluutiota on pohdittu ja kerättyä dataa on analysoitu mahdollisten merkittävien yhteyksien tunnistamiseksi ja ymmärtämiseksi suhteessa aikaisempiin tutkimuksiin ja kirjallisuuteen. Suoritettu analyysi sisältää viisi erillistä osajulkaisua ja tässä kokoomaosassa esitetyn synteesin. Tämän tutkimuksen keskeinen tulos on kehitetty tuotekehityksen hankintaviitekehys (PDSF) joka esittää tuotekehityksen hankintastrategioiden muodostamisen ja valitsemisen perustuen teknologioiden, tuotteiden ja markkinoiden kypsyysasteisiin, elinkaarivaiheisiin. Tämä edellyttää eri teknologiaelinkaarivaiheiden erityispiirteiden ymmärtämistä ja tuotekehitysaktiviteettien strategista arviointia. Tutkittuja strategisia tekijöitä voidaan hyödyntää tukemaan tuotekehityksen hankintamallin valitsemista ja päätöksiä. Tutkimuksen keskeiset implikaatiot sisältävät struktuurin luomisen, tuotekehityksen hankintaviitekehyksen (PDSF) muodossa tukemaan tuotekehitysjohtajia heidän päätöksenteossaan liittyen tuotekehityksen hankintastrategioihin. Luotu tuotekehityksen hankintaviitekehys mahdollistaa poikkiorganisaatiollisen tarkastelun tuotekehityksen strategisista hallintamalleista huomioiden teknologioiden, tuotteiden ja markkinasegmenttien elinkaaret ja niiden vaikutukset strategiseen päätöksen tekoon. Lisäksi, tämä tutkimus voi myös osaltaan helpottaa tuottamattomien tuotteiden ja tuotelinjojen lakkauttamiseen liittyvää analyysia ja päätöksentekoa
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Salliou, Nicolas. "La gestion paysagère des ravageurs : exploration des verrous et leviers d'une innovation agroécologique par la modélisation participative." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0040/document.
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L’agroécologie implique la conception de systèmes agricoles intégrant autant que possible les services écosystémiques. Aux produits chimiques souvent employés contre les ravageurs de cultures peut être privilégié la régulation par leurs ennemis naturels. Des résultats en écologie indiquent que des paysages agricoles dont la composition est riche en habitats semi-naturels (bois, forets, prairies, etc) les favorisent en leur fournissant abris, sites de pontes et nourriture. Il serait donc possible de mettre en place une Gestion Paysagère des Ravageurs (GPR), c’est-à-dire de concevoir et d’aménager des paysages agricoles en faveur de ces habitats afin de favoriser les ennemis naturels et le contrôle biologique. Toutefois, l’implémentation d’une telle innovation potentielle par les acteurs de ces paysages reste largement à explorer. Dans cette thèse, dans un esprit de recherche-action, nous avons pris le parti d’explorer la conception de tels paysages régulateurs de ravageurs en s’impliquant avec des acteurs locaux et scientifiques. Nous avons initié une démarche de recherche participative avec des acteurs agricoles d’une région du Tarn-et-Garonne spécialisée dans l’arboriculture fruitière, intensive en traitements chimiques. A partir de leurs représentations et de leurs connaissances nous avons cherché à déterminer quels étaient les facteurs favorables ou non à la GPR. En particulier, nous avons qualifié les conditions dans lesquelles le paysage et les ennemis naturels étaient construit socialement par ces acteurs comme des ressources pourvoyeuses de services écosystémiques de régulation. Nous avons cherché également à identifier si ces acteurs étaient liés entre eux par des dépendances pouvant nécessiter une gestion coordonnée du paysage. Nous avons exploré la possibilité de la gestion paysagère par plusieurs cycles de modélisations participatives. La thèse a ainsi : mis à jour et qualifié la diversité des modèles mentaux des acteurs locaux sur leurs stratégies de gestion des ravageurs, co-construit des modèles Bayésien participatifs afin d’explorer via des scénarios les incertitudes autour de la question de la régulation biologique des ravageurs et, enfin, réalisé la coconstruction d’un modèle multi-agents autour de le la dynamique de population du ravageur invasif Drosophila suzukii et de sa potentielle gestion paysagère. Nous avons pu ainsi déterminer qu’en l’état actuel des représentations des acteurs, qu’ils soient scientifiques ou locaux, la composition du paysage en éléments semi-naturels leur apparaît comme faiblement reliée à un service écosystémique de régulation des ravageurs, quand bien même ce paysage est souvent favorable à la biodiversité fonctionnelle. Actuellement, faute de bénéfices agricoles clairement identifiés, les acteurs impliqués sont en conséquence peu dépendants entre eux et le besoin de se coordonner pour mettre en place une GPR est faible. La plupart des agriculteurs indiquent plutôt une nette préférence pour les solutions individuelles vis-à-vis des ravageurs, par l’utilisation de pesticides et de filets protecteurs entourant les cultures. Ce focus individuel suggère qu’innover dans l’intégration de l’activité des ennemis naturels pourrait être plus aisé au niveau de la végétation naturelle des exploitations individuelles, comme peut l’être l’inter-rang des vergers. Par ailleurs, ces résultats font apparaître le besoin d’études scientifiques liant écologie et économie qui chercheraient à mesurer explicitement les bénéfices obtenus par les acteurs agricoles par le biais de paysages favorables aux ennemis naturels. Des résultats positifs de telles études seraient mobilisateurs pour de futures recherches participatives dans ce domaine. Enfin, cette thèse participative et exploratoire nous a permis également d’identifier de nouveaux terrains et questions de recherches dans le domaine de la GPR qui pourront être poursuivisAgroecology requires the design of farming system integrating as much as possible ecosystem services. Biological control by natural enemies may substitute commonly used pesticides. Ecology findings demonstrate that farming landscapes with a high proportion of natural habitats (woods, forests meadows, etc) favor natural enemies by providing them shelter, nesting sites and food. Landscape Pest Control (LPC), i.e. the design of farming landscapes in favor of these habitats, may be implemented to foster natural enemies and biological pest control. However, how stakeholders may design such landscapes remains unexplored. In this PhD, we followed an action-research approach and explored the design of such pest regulating landscapes together with local and scientific stakeholders. We initiated a participatory approach with agricultural stakeholders in a part of the Tarn-et-Garonne region specialized in fruit production. Our research seeks to identify the factors in favor of a LPC according to stakeholders’ representations and knowledge. In particular, we qualified the conditions under which natural enemies and the landscape are socially constructed resources providing ecosystem services. We also seek to identify if these stakeholders were linked through dependencies which may necessitate a coordinated management of the landscape. We explored the possibility of a LPC through several cycle of participatory modelling. This PhD successively established mental models of local stakeholders about their pest control strategies, co-constructed participatory Bayesian models in order to explore uncertainties surrounding LPC, and finally we co-constructed an agent-based model about the population dynamic of the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii and its potential landscape management. Our results show that, according to scientific and local stakeholder’s actual representations, the composition of the landscape in natural habitats is weakly related with pest regulation ecosystem services, even though the landscape is related with higher functional biodiversity. Nowadays, as stakeholders see little benefit, they don’t consider to be dependent to benefit from an enhanced biological control through a LPC strategy. Farmers rather mention their preference towards individual solutions such as pesticides or exclusion nets surrounding their orchards. This individual focus suggests that designing innovation favorable to natural enemies might be more relevant within farms, like focusing on the vegetation between rows of fruit trees. Besides, these results show the need for scientific studies relating economics and ecology to explicitly measure the benefits farmers could obtain from a landscape favorable to natural enemies. Positive results of such study would enhance further participatory research around LPC strategies. Finally, this participatory and exploratory research identified new sites for investigation and raised questions about the LPC which could be further looked into
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Nguyen, Kim Anh. "Développement de stratégies de maintenance prévisionnelle de systèmes multi-composants avec structure complexe." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0027/document.
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Aujourd'hui, les systèmes industriels deviennent de plus en plus complexes. Cette complexité est due d’une part à la structure du système qui ne se résume pas à des structures classiques en fiabilité, d’autre part à la prise en compte de composants présentant des phénomènes de dégradation graduelle que des systèmes de monitoring permettent de surveiller. Ceci mène à l'objectif de cette thèse portant sur le développement des stratégies de maintenance prévisionnelle pour des systèmes multi-composants complexes. Les politiques envisagées proposent notamment des stratégies de regroupement de composants permettant de tirer des dépendances économiques identifiées. Des facteurs d'importance permettant de prendre en compte la structure du système et la dépendance économique sont développés et combinés avec les évaluations de fiabilité prévisionnelle des composants pour l’élaboration de règles de décision de regroupement. De plus, un couplage des règles de décision de maintenance et de gestion des stocks est également étudié. L’ensemble des études menées montrent l’intérêt de la prise en compte de la fiabilité prévisionnelle des composants, des dépendances économiques et de la structure complexe du système dans l'aide à la décision de maintenance et de gestion des stocks. L’avantage des stratégies développées est vérifié en les comparant à d’autres existantes dans la littératureToday, industrial systems become more and more complex. The complexity is due partly to the structure of the system that cannot be reduced to classic structure reliability (series structures, parallel structures, series-parallel structures, etc), secondly the consideration of components with gradual degradation phenomena that can be monitored. This leads to the main purpose of this thesis on the development of predictive maintenance strategies for complex multi-component systems. The proposed policies provide maintenance grouping strategies to take advantage of the economic dependence between components. The predictive reliability of components and importance measures allowing taking into account the structure of the system and economic dependence are developed to construct the grouping decision rules. Moreover, a joint decision rule for maintenance and spare parts provisioning is also studied.All the conducted studies show the interest in the consideration of the predictive reliability of components, economic dependencies as well as complex structure of the system in maintenance decisions and spare parts provisioning. The advantage of the developed strategies is confirmed by comparing with the other existing strategies in the literature
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Lenormand, Maxime. "Initialiser et calibrer un modèle de microsimulation dynamique stochastique : application au modèle SimVillages." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822114.
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Le but de cette thèse est de développer des outils statistiques permettant d'initialiser et de calibrer les modèles de microsimulation dynamique stochastique, en partant de l'exemple du modèle SimVillages (développé dans le cadre du projet Européen PRIMA). Ce modèle couple des dynamiques démographiques et économiques appliquées à une population de municipalités rurales. Chaque individu de la population, représenté explicitement dans un ménage au sein d'une commune, travaille éventuellement dans une autre, et possède sa propre trajectoire de vie. Ainsi, le modèle inclut-il des dynamiques de choix de vie, d'étude, de carrière, d'union, de naissance, de divorce, de migration et de décès. Nous avons développé, implémenté et testé les modèles et méthodes suivants : 1 / un modèle permettant de générer une population synthétique à partir de données agrégées, où chaque individu est membre d'un ménage, vit dans une commune et possède un statut au regard de l'emploi. Cette population synthétique est l'état initial du modèle. 2 / un modèle permettant de simuler une table d'origine-destination des déplacements domicile-travail à partir de données agrégées. 3 / un modèle permettant d'estimer le nombre d'emplois dans les services de proximité dans une commune donnée en fonction de son nombre d'habitants et de son voisinage en termes de service. 4 / une méthode de calibration des paramètres inconnus du modèle SimVillages de manière à satisfaire un ensemble de critères d'erreurs définis sur des sources de données hétérogènes. Cette méthode est fondée sur un nouvel algorithme d'échantillonnage séquentiel de type Approximate Bayesian Computation.
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Chen, Yen-Nien, and 陳彥年. "Service Time Optimization Models for Outsourcing Warranty Repair." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08371747006659560485.
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博士臺灣大學
商學研究所
95
Many branders have utilized post-sale service as a tool to increase profit and build up their competitive advantage as the business faces fiercely competition in recent years. Based on current practices of branders, for example in mobile phone industry, branders now more often outsource their post-sale service of failure products to some repair service providers by signing service level agreement (SLA). These repair service providers may shorten repair service time, adapt different repair service strategy, or extend their service warranty period to improve their business performance based on the premise of service level agreement which must be satisfied. This study intends to derive an optimal repair service time under these constraints of maximum acceptable repair service time and minimum acceptable repair service level set by branders when branders have strongly bargaining power. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of parameters on optimal repair service time and corresponding profit are also performed. Our results show that (1)service providers need to reset maximal acceptable repair service time of customers to maximize its profit if repair service time constraint set by branders is longer than optimal repair service time. (2)the incentive function set by branders must be with repair service time. (3)optimal repair service time of service providers is shorter and profit is higher if the minimum acceptable repair service level set by branders is looser given that the brander provides incentive mechanism to encourage service providers to shorten its repair service time. (4)when failure rate and repair service rate are the same, both will be positively correlated to profit, but no significant implication is explored between both rates and optimal repair service time. (5)service providers choose mixed repair service strategy to maximize its profit if the ratio (replacement service cost/repair service cost) is less than , otherwise, they use repair service strategy to repair failed items.
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Kuo, Chin-Ting, and 郭晉廷. "Understanding business process outsourcing based on the fit between outsourcing environment and information technology service innovation." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08087896880108451869.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
資訊管理研究所
99
Drawing on the information processing view, this study discusses the firms perform business process outsourcing and the fitness between outsourcing environment and information technology service innovation. Specifically, the information requirements of outsourcing environment include demand uncertainty, process interdependence and process complexity. Furthermore, the information capabilities of information technology service innovation include business resources and IT resources, this study test the fitness between information requirements and information capabilities. Further, we compare information capabilities effects by the information requirements. Based on 175 respondents from Taiwan, most of the proposed hypotheses are supported, showing that the fitness exists between information requirements and information capabilities, namely, outsourcing environment and information technology service innovation also have fitness relationships. On the other hand, this study finds that demand uncertainty is positive and significant related to business resources and process interdependence is positive and significant related to business resources and IT resources. The results show that our research has the fitness relationship between outsourcing environment and information technology service innovation and information requirement has positive impact for information capabilities. Our findings have implications for both managers and researchers.
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Yang, Feng-Yun, and 楊鳳雲. "The Study for Establishing Service Level Agreement of Military IT Service Outsourcing Based on ISO 20000." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14843642402921976216.
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碩士國防大學管理學院
資訊管理學系
100
With the Information Technology continuous development and innovation, making the business more and more dependent on the heavy IT department, in order to improve information management sectors and even between the IT department, for the maintenance services and equipment repair time , no doubt and dispute and other issues,the current through the information Technology infrastructure Library (ITIL) in the service level agreement (SLA) to address the spirit, it can clearly describe and define the vendor can provide acceptable services and business expectations and commitments. This study is based on the ISO 20000 international standard to establish a SLA. Under these agreements, and service providers to assess the future of services provided have reached, in order to improve service standards as a reference basis, and thus enhance user satisfaction.
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Shih, Yi-Chin, and 施議欽. "Constructing A Web Service-Based Outsourcing Information Exchange Platform for IC Design Firms." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27592695413720264638.
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Lai, Bird, and 賴鵬智. "Accessing Consulting Service Models for Community-Based Ecotourism Development." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v29hpk.
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碩士國立嘉義大學
管理學院碩士在職專班
96
Taiwan is a small island with abundant natural resources and diverse culture. Although the scope of ecotourism here is small, the diversity is high. Most ecotourism naturally occurs in the community or close to the community, resulting in a close connection between the development of ecotourism and communities in Taiwan. Taking Tao-mi and Nei-wan Communities as examples, this study intends to research the development of community-based ecotourism under different consulting service models, and to investigate factors which cause differences between ideal and applied ecotourism. The study also researches how the government assists community-based ecotourism, and provides suggestions for consultants to assist communities in operating successful ecotourism based on principles of environmental protection and feedback to the community. From the case study in this research, I found that in Tao-mi Community, the consulting team focused on resource conservation to structure a better environment for ecotourism. In Nei-wan Community however, the consulting team focused on the development of tourism industry. Due to having different goals, these two communities thus developed very different types of ecotourism. This research is a preliminary study. It designs a “community-based ecotourism consulting pattern.” According to this pattern, consultants need to respect nature as well as people. Investigating resources of ecotourism, condensing common consensus, education and training, structuring the mechanism of business operation and resources management, commercializing ecotourism resources, marketing, and self-reviewing are all major aspects of their work. This consulting system would help structure the model of community-based ecotourism comprising “community management” “resource management” and “tourism management” as proposed by Dr. Wu, Tsung-Chiung, and form a community-based ecotourism which emphasizes conservation, community, and sustainability.
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Lee, Chiung-Hua, and 李瓊華. "Cooperation and Supervision on Child Protection Service Outsourcing ─The Case of Family-Based Intervention Plan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66743825196954824221.
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碩士中原大學
財經法律研究所
99
Child protection service is a combination of intervention, services and care. In practice, Taiwan’s local governments make use of the public-private partnership model to include more manpower and resources from the private sector for providing better service. The author discusses issues regarding cooperation and supervision of outsourcing child protection service, focusing on the family-based intervention plan. Based on theoretical analysis and the results of interview with social workers in both private and administrative agencies, this thesis suggests that child protection service outsourcing should be considered as “professional involvement.”, and the “Child and Youth Family-Based Intervention Program Contract” as administrative contract. For public service outsourcing, cooperation and supervision are equally important. However, governmental supervision seems to be easier said than done, especially when the manpower and resources provided by the private agencies are critical to the network of child protection service. To strike a balance between cooperation and supervision, this thesis advocates that the contract between public and private agencies should include provisions addressing terms and conditions of government supervision.
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MO, KUN-JU, and 莫昆儒. "Evaluating Analytic Hierarchy Process Based on ISO 27001 and Information Security Service Outsourcing for Banks." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fsdj8v.
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碩士輔仁大學
資訊管理學系碩士在職專班
106
Network technology has been widely used in modern life. The information security issues that its evolution is continuing to threaten the stable development of society and economy. With the activation of Internet activities, Web Services became more flourishing. The popularity of online banking, e-commerce, and other services has led to an increasing number of attacks and security incidents. For instance, in 2016, a domestic bank ATM theft led to a considerable wave in the country, and it also made people gradually pay attention to what is information security. After referring to multi-party documents and interviews with experts, this study will further explore the institutional aspects of ISO 27001 control areas and target measures, and add technical information security service sub-projects for AHP analysis to achieve the purpose of information security decision-making assessment and discussion. It is also the study motivation of this thesis.
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Wen, Mao-Ping, and 文茂平. "A Development of Decision Models for Information System Outsourcing in the Technical Service Sub-Field in Semiconductor Industry." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85422226705863468970.
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博士國立交通大學
資訊管理研究所
99
The electronic industry has been one of the most globally competitive industries in Taiwan for the past 20 years. Within the industry， the semiconductor foundry manufacturing has been at the core of such competitiveness with respect to technical threshold and sales profit. Testing and certification laboratory， on the other hand， although covers only a minor part of the total sales of the electronic industry， plays a key role in shortening R&D cycle of new electronic products and assuring their quality prior to mass production. Companies in the above-mentioned two sectors， although differ greatly in production size， have all underscored “technical service” as their core functions. In this age of e-commerce， due to fast information delivery and global logistic chain supply， these companies have faced with keen global competition with such challenges as cost efficiency， delivery speed and flexibility， varied production adjustment， as well as information service transparency， automation and immediacy. Under such a trend， these companies need to utilize advanced and innovative information technology to create competitive edge for their customers. However， due to rapid change and increasing complexity of information technology， it is difficult for a company to accomplish such a task solely depending on internal resources. Service outsourcing provides a good alternative to make the best use of external resources and help to focus on core function. Information system outsourcing has， thus， recently become a rising trend in introducing information system to business. This study intends to investigate the information outsourcing strategy model. Based on the analysis of five information outsourcing strategies from previous literature， this study has first proposed an optimal outsourcing strategic model for technical service and distilled important strategic parameters from the model. The next step focused on analyzing what important parameters out of the five strategic models were neglected in the process of information system development by the case company. In the third step， the two types of parameters were combined to establish a new information outsourcing strategic model. Such a model was then applied to the case company’s information system to assess the optimal fitness of the model for information outsourcing of semiconductor technical service industry.