Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Services basés sur la localisation – Esthétique'
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Entrialgo, Frédérique. "Locative media : la mise en oeuvre artistique des technologies de géolocalisation comme médiation esthétique et critique dans la relation corps/réseau/territoire." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE2030.
Full textBioret, Nicolas. "Géolocalisation par images en s'appuyant sur un sytème d'informations geographiques." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECDN0047.
Full textIn a context of research in urban planning and architectural simulations, we wish to use Augmented Reality as a tool for interaction between users and geograhic information in an urban environment. Such an approach is based on a pose computation, requiring an initialization step (which is the purpose of our work) and then a tracking step. Therefore we present here an outdoor localization approach which combines image data and GIS (Geograhical Information System) data. In a first step we used photographs taken by a handheld camera as input data. Image analysis and projective reconstruction associated to an uncertainty model allow to query the road and building layers of a 2D GIS. Robustness is archieved through a multi-hypothesis approach followed by a filtering step, which discards wrong camera poses. In a second step we looked for more automation by using videos as input data. We reconstruct a cloud of 3D points in which vertical facades are detected, which enables a localization query in the GIS. We also present encouraging experimental results. Our main contribution is to automatically match vector data from a 2D GIS with a recontruction made from imge data, and use thes correspondances for the purpose of outdoor urban localization
Kang, GuoDong. "Géolocalisation en intérieur opportuniste à base d'inégalités matricielles linéaires." Toulouse, ISAE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESAE0016.
Full textWang, Chen. "Location based services and location based behavior in a smart city." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC017/document.
Full textThe concept of “Smart Cities” has emerged during the last few years to describe how investments in human and social capital and modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) infrastructure and e-services fuel sustainable growth and quality of life, enabled by a wise management of natural resources and through participative government. To us, Smart City is a real augmented environment allowing ubiquitous computing, with up-to-date web 2.0, which is collaborative, mobile and contextual, human actors as well as different things (connected objects) are now an integral part of internet. In the international France-China project on Smart City we used the MOCOCO approach (Mobility, Contextualization, Collaboration) to conduct research work with multiple applications in working, learning and social situations; professional and home working situations, professional and teenager contextual mobile learning situations as well as Smart City applications are taken into account – transportation, goods distribution and local sport and cultural activities. This dissertation focuses on Location Based Services, and Internet of Things, which are both important aspects of Smart City. The choice of dynamic management of road lanes as a case study in this thesis, is also a good practice of integrating new technologies to make the city smarter and to make our life more comfortable. According to Schiller and Voisard (2004), Location Based Services (LBS) can be defined as services that integrate a mobile device’s location or position with other information so as to provide added value to a user. During recent years, LBS has evolved from simple GIS applications and positioning of emergent phone callers to more complicated, proactive, application-oriented services adapted to different users. However, heterogeneity of devices, data management and analysis, and HCI aspects are always main challenges for LBS. Our goal is to make the LBS meet the requirements of Smart City, with use of Internet of Things (IoT), integrating a certain degree of ambient intelligence. The theoretical aspect of our contributions is that we examine at component level the possibility and feasibility of using IoT to better support LBS. The ability of IoT architecture of integrating various objects gives LBS a better management of location-aware devices; the sensors can also enrich the data source of LBS. The middleware of IoT, good at objects abstraction and service composition, provides possibilities to deploy more intelligent and customized service components, thus can enhance the middleware of LBS. The practical aspect of our contributions is that we choose a dynamic lane management problem as a use case study demonstrating our approach in regard to combining LBS with IoT for a Smart City application. The goal of the dynamic lane management system is to make a better use of road lanes by dynamic allocation of lanes to different types of transportation. We provide the system architecture, user interfaces and a simulation environment to validate the solution design. We also develop a proof of concept to validate the technological aspects of the lane management system. The simulation environment of the lane management system is another important part of our contributions, it includes a core simulator to simulate the function of the system and the behaviors of the vehicles, and an editor of scenario and a generator of traffic as initialization tools. Different visualization methods of simulation results are also taken into consideration. In addition, we develop an evaluation tool which allows for real time user interaction, based on the visualization of the results of the simulator to conduct user tests for HCI aspects, as human factors should always be considered in the context of Smart City. [...]
Delmée, Quentin. "Résolution exacte de problèmes de localisation de services bi-objectifs en variables mixtes." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4055/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work is the exact solution of biobjective mixed-integer facility location problems. Biobjective mixed integer linear programming problem have been largely studied in recent years but only in the generic context. The same way, the study of biobjective facility location problems has been restricted to the discrete case. We consider first the bi-objective uncapacitated facility location problem. To solve it, we adapt the box paving method proposed for the discrete case. Rectangular boxes become triangular. Moreover, their exploration becomes considerably easier. The difficulty of the problem is therefore translated to the enumeration and the filtering of these boxes. Different enumeration strategies are proposed. Next, we consider the bi-objective capacitated facility location problem. We first propose an adaptation of the triangular box paving method to the capacitated case. However, the structure of the problem highly limits the method. Thus, we consider a two phase method. The main exploration routine is based on the adaptation of a branch and bound algorithm proposed by Beasley that we adapt to the bi-objective context. Experimental results on various instances show the efficiency of the proposed methods
Abchir, Mohammed-Amine. "Vers une sémantique floue : application à la géolocalisation." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/179753401#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textIn the domain of Computing with words, fuzzy linguistic approaches are known to be relevant in many decision-making problems. Indeed, they allow us to model the human reasoning in replacing words, assessments, preferences, choices, wishes, etc. By ad hoc variables, such as fuzzy sets or more sophisticated variables. In this thesis, we present a new fuzzy representation model to deal with unbalanced linguistic term sets that allow us to handle data with precision and accuracy. This model is based on our fuzzy semantic 2-tuples that we introduce. We apply these semantic 2-tuples to perform a fuzzy semantic interpretation of words in a natural langage dialog context for a geolocation application
Yu, Lei. "Fingerprinting based techniques for indoor localization exploiting UWB signal properties." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S096.
Full textNowadays, wireless localization systems are considered as a potential technology for future services. Various techniques have been proposed for both indoor and outdoor localization systems. These techniques and systems allowed to conceive different LBSs. The two main processes a localization system must be able to do are the measurement of location-dependent parameters (RSSI, TOA,. . . ) and the estimation of position using different localization techniques. In this manuscript, the estimation and measurement of LDPs such as RSSI and TOA are investigated using a provided UWB measurements campaign. Four different TOA estimation techniques are proposed. RSSI based ranging techniques are also introduced. The main goal of this thesis is the study of fingerprinting based techniques for indoor localization. The neural networks technique is used to learn the fingerprinting database and to locate the targeted points. The construction of the neural networks and the adopted approaches are described. Both the pre-measured and the pre-simulated fingerprinting databases are established to be used in the fingerprinting techniques. Different fingerprints and different sizes of the database are utilized to evaluate the positioning performances. The MultiWall model is proposed to predict the RSSI fingerprint depending on the real propagation environment. An adaptation of the classic MultiWall model to take into account the effect of diffraction for the metallic furniture shows that it can improve the quality of positioning
Brahmi, Nadia. "Contributions dans les réseaux véhiculaires : routage géographique et localisation." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES017.
Full textDriven by the transportation safety and efficiency issues, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications are attracting considerable attention in providing Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In this context, a variety of services are offered to road users for improving their security and comfort. These emerging applications include among others safety applications for traffic monitoring and collision prevention, road information services, and infotainment and so on. However, unlike other ad hoc networks, Vehicular ad hoc Networks (VANETs) have their unique characteristics which give rise to many challenging issues. One of the most salient features is the high mobility of vehicles resulting in dynamic topology changes which make data routing remains a key networking issue. In this thesis, we focus on routing problems and propose new protocols that meet the requirements of the emerging vehicular applications. First, we exploit additional information about vehicle’s movement in order to adapt traditional position-based approach for these dynamic environments. We define a new strategy to improve forwarding decisions with an optimal next hop based on a computed metric combining position, velocity and direction information. In the second part of this work, we propose a new class of geographic routing protocols mainly for urban environments. The proposed approaches exploit information about road connectivity and vehicles distribution to find stable routes and reduce the probability of links breakage. The advocated techniques are evaluated by network simulations performed for different vehicular traffic scenarios. Finally, in order to help the deployment of the geographic routing solutions, we propose in the second part of this work a distributed hierarchical location service called Density aware Map-Based Location Service (DMBLS) for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks. DMBLS makes use of the street digital maps and the traffic density information to define a three level-hierarchy of locations servers that help a source node to discover the location of destination node before sending the data. This infrastructure-less scheme has proven to be robust to node mobility and well suited to dynamic networks
Qu, Xiaozhi. "Localisation basée amers visuels : détection et mise à jour d’amers avec gestion des incertitudes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1005/document.
Full textMobile mapping is the process of collecting geospatial data with a moving vehicle. These vehicles are often equipped with two types of sensors: remote sensing (cameras, lidar, radar) and geo-localization (GNSS, IMU, odometer). Precise and robust georeferencing has been a major challenge for the implementation of mobile mapping systems. Indeed, in dense urban environments, the masks of signals and multipath errors corrupt the measurements and lead to big positioning errors. High precision IMUs enable to bridge the gaps of positioning and ensure a drift low enough to fulfil the requirements of mapping in terms of accuracy. Nowadays, the hybrid positioning systems (GNSS / IMU / Odometer) are mature enough to provide reliable industrial solutions for the collection of geo-referenced data. National and private mapping agencies have started to collect the required row data for building geospatial repositories at very large scales. However, the very high cost of positioning systems incorporating high precisions IMUs restricts their use to the establishment of geospatial reference data and more affordable positioning solutions are needed for map updating purpose.The objective of this thesis is to provide a low cost positioning solution that can be used on a large number of map updating vehicles.We propose to use one or more cameras on a vehicle as a georeferencing system. Indeed, the vehicle’s trajectory can be estimated using visual odometry techniques. To limit the drift of the trajectory due to the accumulation of errors, we propose a registration on a set of visual landmarks that are precisely georeferenced. These landmarks are reconstructed using the reference data generated by precise and expensive mapping systems. Natural road features such as road markings and traffic signs were chosen as visual landmarks.A local bundle adjustment algorithm has been adapted to estimate the pose of the vehicle using a sequence of images acquired by one or more embedded cameras. A rigorous approach that takes into account the uncertainties enables to tune automatically the weights of every constraint in the equation system of the adjustment and to estimate the uncertainties of the parameters. They are used in a propagation based matching algorithm that accelerates the process of tracking the interest points between the images and eliminate many false matches. This significantly reduces the drift of the visual odometry by reducing the sources of errors. The remaining part of the drift is removed using georeferenced visual landmarks. The process of matching the image sequence with the landmarks is guided by the uncertainty of the poses. It adds a set of absolute constraints in the equation system of bundle adjustment. The drift is drastically reduced. Each step of the algorithm is evaluated on real image sequences with ground truths
Mariyasagayam, Nestor. "Communication Véhiculaires par géolocalisation pour Systèmes de Transports Intelligents." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00613174.
Full textKrieg, Jean-gabriel. "Localisation indoor à l'aide des capteurs d'un smartphone." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0009/document.
Full textIndoor environments present opportunities for a rich set of location-aware services in the information and communications technology (ICT) area. Therefore, accurately localizing a user indoors has become a key enabling technology. This thesis addresses the issue of tracking a user equipped with an off-the-shelf smartphone by exploiting its embedded motion sensors. Leveraging key characteristics of human locomotion, we propose a complete, infrastructure-free indoor navigation solution, allowing a user to navigate any unknown building with meter-level accuracy. Finally, extending our understanding of locomotion to outdoors areas where users are inside vehicles, we design and implement a smartphone application for smart on-street parking
Nogueira, Sergio. "Localisation de mobiles par construction de modèles en 3D en utilisant la stéréovision." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596948.
Full textCombettes, Christophe. "Estimation de la direction de marche à partir de capteurs inertiels et magnétiques portés dans la main." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4014/document.
Full textThanks to new technological developments, it is now possible to get our localization with our own smartphone. However, indoor environments are still relatively lacking in localization based service. MEMS sensors, composed of inertial and magnetic sensors, offer a ubiquitous solution. These sensors can be merged with other technologies to give a reliable solution for the Pedestrian Navigation. In this context the “Pedestrian Dead Reckoning” strategy is attractive. Indeed, this strategy enables to estimate the walking distance with a limited drift. But the walking direction estimation remains critical in the PDR strategy. Hand movements are relatively erratic and cause a dynamic angular misalignment, which is difficult to estimate. Firstly, a new orientation estimation algorithm of the handheld unit is developed to reduce the errors in the horizontal inertial measurements. The filter is parametrized with quaternions and based on opportune invariant phases of the magnetic and gravity fields. Secondly, a novel walking direction estimator is proposed. State of the art methods to estimate the walking direction are based on the signal energy maximization and are sensitive to erratic hand movements. The new approach is based on the theories of probability and information that is built on the biomechanical description of walking. Experimental validations are conducted to analyze the performance of the new direction estimation filter whose quality directly depends on the quality of the position estimates
Gaudillière, Vincent. "Positionnement visuel dans un monde d'objets." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0063.
Full textAugmented Reality can be defined as the superimposition of reality and elements (sounds, 2D and 3D images, videos, etc.) calculated in real time by a computer system. In practice, this term refers to the addition of visual elements, either in the field of view of an observer through specific glasses (e.g. Microsoft Hololens, Magic Leap One), or on a screen through which the observer sees reality (usually a smartphone or tablet). During this research work, we were interested in the deployment of Augmented Reality in an industrial context, and more particularly in the challenges that large industrial environments (factories, plants, ships) represent in terms of image analysis and processing. In particular, we investigated the use of objects of interest present in the scene to recognize the place of the observer and then calculate his precise position with respect to the environment. Applications include manufacturing assistance, maintenance assistance, documentation and training. After proposing a functional definition of the concept of place in an industrial environment, as a zone of interaction around an object of interest, we approached place recognition as an image retrieval task in which the similarity between the unknown image and the reference images is measured in two steps. The validity of the images with the greatest similarity to the unknown image is then assessed by epipolar geometry estimation between the unknown image and each of the retrieved images. The similarity measurement and geometry estimation are guided by the calculation of object-level correspondences between regions of interest of the two images. To calculate the camera pose, we then took advantage of the objects of interest present in the scene, using a modeling of the latter in the form of ellipsoids, the projections of the objects in the image being modeled as ellipses. Our contributions to the problem of estimating camera pose from ellipse - ellipsoid correspondences are both theoretical and practical. In particular, we have shown that there is a parametrization of the solutions to the one-ellipsoid problem, and, moreover, that the camera pose estimation problem can be reduced to an orientation estimation problem only. We have also proposed a robust way to handle the multiple possible matches between the objects detected in the image and the objects present in the 3D scene model
Konlambigue, Kangbéni Djotiname. "Conception d'un système de localisation à l'intérieur de bâtiments par vision monoculaire embarquée." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR022.
Full textThis thesis aims at the design of an indoor localization system. Outdoors, the almost unavoidable localization system is GPS (Global Positionning System). By receiving signals from at least four satellites from the GPS network orbiting, a GPC receiver triangulates and estimates its position, whether on land, at sea or in the air. GPS makes it possible to determine the position of any receiver placed in visibility of the satellite network and the defect in this visibility generally leads to an erroneous or even impossible localization ; which is the case in indoor environment. The growing interest in navigation assistance services for people and goods in large indoor areas such as hospitals, airports and shopping malls for example has created the need for a reliable and functional tracking system for indoor environment. To respond to this problem, several solutions have been proposed. One of the most popular approaches to localization in indoor environment is that based on the WiFi network. By measuring the strength of the signals emitted by the various access points, this type of system is able to triangulate the position of a receiver. However, one of the main drawbacks of this approach is that it requires deploying a network of access points with the various known costs such as those related tosystem maintenance. In this thesis, the system we propose is based on computer vision. To be located, the user takes a photo of their surroundings and indexes a databasz of georeferenced images. This indexing consists in a comparison of features extracted from the different images using computer vision algorithms such as the SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) algorithm. In comparison with the WiFi system, we offer (almost) a pure software system, which does not require any deployment and therefore no maintenance costs
Kumar, Rupesch. "Système de localisation indoor pour l'aide à la télésurveillance." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0086/document.
Full textRegular and accurate position monitoring of elderly suffering from dementia related problems (Alzheimer) may be required. To assist their monitoring a compact and a less complex indoor localization system is compulsary. This thesis is dedicated to design a Line-of-Sight (LoS) system to allow the indoor localization. The thesis aims to develop an Indoor Localization System (ILS) for three-dimension position estimates with respect to single Localization Base Station as an anchor. The designed ILS uses an Active-Tag (AT) as remote targel. The system uses the monopulse multistatic FMCW radar principle and covers the European UWB (6-8.5 GHz) frequency band. The designed ILS is based on the frequency-difference of arrival (FDoA) and the phase-difference-of-arrival (POoA) techniques for the radial-distance and the angles (azimuth and elevation) estimates. In order to validate this system, a prototype of the ILS is designed at Telecom ParisTech, France.The objective of the designed ILS is to have a localization system with an accuracy in few centimeters in Line-of-Sight condition. The system is designed to need a single anchor, and simultaneously addressing the indoor challenges such as multipaths, strong signal attenuations, reflections, etc
Awarkeh, Nour. "2D indoor localization system with an UWB multistatic radar." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT041.
Full textNowadays, the ability to track objects and people is crucial for a huge number of applications, such as medical applications (monitoring of patients) or independent applications that require a very high accuracy and resolution in the positioning process. Therefore, the main scientific objective of this thesis is to develop a tracking system using an UWB multistatic radar system to provide realtime 2D location of transponders or active tags. The localization is carried out in polar coordinates (distance and azimuth angle) by merging the interferometry and goniometry principles, assuming a propagation channel with a direct path, or LoS between the station and the target. The designed ILS incorporates a hybrid technique by combining the duplex UWB and the Phase Correlation methods for the radial-distance and the azimuth angle estimates. The proposed ILS consists of two main components, a transmitter /receiver (transceiver) station serving as a LBS and an AT. The LBS has one transmitting channel and two identical and independent receiving channels. The localization is performed by sending UWB pulses towards the AT which acts as an active transponder and retransmits in turn the received signal back to the LBS upon delaying it. This designed ILS is expected to offer, under LoS conditions, a position estimation with high accuracy and resolution while maintaining low system complexity. The system works with a single anchor, and simultaneously addresses indoor challenges such as multipaths, strong signal attenuations, reflections, etc
Decrouez, Marion. "Localisation et cartographie visuelles simultanées en milieu intérieur et en temps réel." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM010/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we explore the problem of modeling an unknown environment using monocular vision for localization applications. We focus in modeling dynamic indoor environments. Many objects in indoor environments are likely to be moved. These movements significantly affect the structure and appearance of the environment and disrupt the existing methods of visual localization. We present in this work a new approach for modeling the environment and its evolution with time. We define explicitly the scene as a static structure and a set of dynamic objects. The object is defined as a rigid entity that a user can take, move and that is visually detectable. First, we show how to automatically discover new objects in a dynamic environment. Existing methods of visual localization simply ignore the inconsistencies due to changes in the scene. We aim to analyze these changes to extract additional information. Without any prior knowledge, an object is a set of points with coherent motion relative to the static structure of the scene. We combine two methods of visual localization to compare various explorations in the same environment taken at different time. The comparison enables to detect objects that have moved between the two shots. For each object, a geometric model and an appearance model are learned. Moreover, we extend the scene model while updating the metrical map and the topological map of the static structure of the environment. Object discovery using motion is based on a new algorithm of multiple structures detection in an image pair. Given a set of correspondences between two views, the method based on RANSAC extracts the different structures corresponding to different model parameterizations seen in the data. The method is applied to homography estimation to detect planar structures and to fundamental matrix estimation to detect structures that have been shifted one from another. Our approach for dynamic scene modeling is applied in a new formulation of place recognition to take into account the presence of dynamic objects in the environment. The model of the place consists in an appearance model of the static structure observed in that place. An object database is learned from previous observations in the environment with the method of object discovery using motion. The place recognition we propose detects the dynamic objects seen in the place and rejects the false detection due to these objects. The different methods described in this dissertation are tested on synthetic and real data. Qualitative and quantitative results are presented throughout the dissertation
Mittet, Marie-Anne. "Caméras 3D pour la localisation d'un système mobile en environnement urbain." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD015/document.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to develop a new kind of localization system, composed of three 3D cameras such as Kinect and an additional Fisheye camera. The localization algorithm is based on Visual Odometry principles in order to calculate the trajectory of the mobile platform in real time from the data provided by the 3D cameras.The originality of the processing method lies within the exploitation of orthoimages processed from the point clouds that are acquired in real time by the three cameras. The positions and trajectory of the mobile platform can be derived from the study of the differences between successive orthoimages
Semaan, Bernard. "Raffinement de la localisation d’images provenant de sites participatifs pour la mise à jour de SIG urbain." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0055/document.
Full textCities are active spots in the earth globe. They are in constant change. New building constructions, demolitions and business changes may apply on daily basis. City managers aim to keep as much as possible an updated digital model of the city. The model may consist of 2D maps but may also be a 3D reconstruction or a street imagery sequence. In order to share the geographical information and keep a 2D map updated, collaborative cartography was born. "OpenStreetMap.org" platform is one of the most known platforms in this field. In order to create an active collaborative database of street imagery we suggest using 2D images available on image sharing platforms like "Flickr", "Twitter", etc. Images downloaded from such platforms feature a rough localization and no orientation information. We propose a system that helps finding a better localization of the images and providing an information about the camera orientation they were shot with. The system uses both visual and semantic information existing in a single image. To do that, we present a fully automatic processing chain composed of three main layers: Data retrieval and preprocessing layer, Features extraction layer, Decision Making layer. We then present the whole system results combining both semantic and visual information processing results. We call our system Data Gathering system for image Pose Estimation (DGPE). We also present a new automatic method for simple architecture building detection we have developed and used in our system. This method is based on segments detected in the image and was called Segments Based Building Detection (SBBD). We test our method against some weather changes and occlusion problems. We finally compare our building detection results with another state-of-the-art method using several images databases
Dakkak, Mustapha. "Géo-localisation en environnement fermé des terminaux mobiles." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794586.
Full textPestourie, Baptiste. "UWB based Secure Ranging and Localization." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT067.
Full textLocation services are foreseen as one of the major IoT features in the next years, and have gained a lot of interest over the last decade from the literature of Wireless Sensors Networks, (WSN) and Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANet). Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wideband (UWB), standardized in IEEE 802.15.4-2003, is currently the most performant radio positioning technology with centimeter-level accuracy and is used widely in industrial applications. It has been proven in the literature that UWB positioning is not completely tamper-proof, as various physical and link layers vulnerabilities have been identified in 802.15.4. Most of the major attacks against IR-UWB are physical-level attacks, such as Early-Detection/Late-Commit (ED/LC). Considering their cost, complexity, and sometimes lack of maturity, they are not necessarily the most realistic attacks against cheap IoT systems. On the other hand, protocol-level flaws expose IR-UWB positioning against attacks that can be mounted with limited expertise and cheap hardware. Hence, the aim of this work is to identify the most critical vulnerabilities of 802.15.4 IR-UWB, evaluate real-world attacks against UWB IPS and propose low-cost countermeasures suitable for IoT applications. An open platform for IR-UWB positioning security evaluation, SecureLoc, is part of the contributions. We propose and evaluate various spoofed acknowledgment-based attack schemes against IR-UWB. Several countermeasures, at the physical, medium access and system level, are proposed, including notably a novel weak PUF-based authentication protocol, a spoofing resilient acknowledgment scheme, a tamper-proof ranging approach, and a cooperative verification protocol for rogue node detection. All the proposed attacks and countermeasures have been implemented and evaluated on SecureLoc
Coriat, Florent. "Géolocalisation et communication en situation de crise." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS340.
Full textIn the aftermath of a natural or industrial disaster, locating individuals is crucial for first responders. However, disasters can cause extensive damage to the network infrastructures and a generalized loss of communication among survivors. In this thesis, we present a network support solution that provides a post-disaster geolocation-collecting service that relies on inter mobile device connections. On top of this dynamically built network, survivors' mobile device that get into contact exchange information about geolocation of others they have encountered and risk areas they have seen. Such information is routed towards pre-defined data collection centers, endowed with resilient processing and storage equipment, where first-responders can exploit it. Whe also present our mobility model, specific to crisis situations, that we used to conduct experiments on the ONE simulator. We evaluate the effect of different parameters of mobility and communication on our system performances. We especially analyse the impact of the proportion of motionless people. The feasability of our architecture has also been validated through the building of a physical test platform, based on pico-computers (Raspberry Pi). We finally contributed to define a new local centrality metric for time varying graphs, which could be used to infer useful information for routing
Berjawi, Bilal. "Integration of heterogeneous data from multiple location-based services providers : A use case on tourist points of interest." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI072/document.
Full textLocation Based Services (LBS) had been involved to deliver relevant geospatial information based on a geographic position or address. The amount of geospatial data is constantly increasing, making it a valuable source of information for enriching LBS applications. However, these geospatial data are highly inconsistent and contradictory from one source to another. We assume that integrating geospatial data from several sources may improve the quality of information offered to users. In this thesis, we specifically focus on data representing Points of Interest (POIs) that tourists can get through LBS. Retrieving, matching and merging such geospatial entities lead to several challenges. We mainly focus on three main challenges including (i) detecting and merging corresponding entities across multiple sources and (ii) considering the uncertainty of integrated entities and their representation in LBS applications
Chen, Luan. "Enhancing indoor location fingerprinting using channel state information." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CNAM1281.
Full textWith expeditious development of wireless communications, Location Fingerprinting (LF) has nurtured considerable indoor location based services in the field of Internet of Things. In this thesis, we first proposed EntLoc system, which adopts Autoregressive (AR) modeling entropy of the Channel State Information (CSI) amplitude as location fingerprint. It shares the structural simplicity of the Received Signal Strength (RSS) while reserving the most location-specific statistical channel information. Moreover, an upgraded AngLoc system is further designed, whose additional angle of arrival (AoA) fingerprint can be accurately retrieved from CSI phase through an enhanced subspace based algorithm, which serves to further eliminate the error-prone Reference Point (RP) candidates. In the LF online phase, by exploiting both CSI amplitude and phase information, a novel bivariate kernel regression scheme is proposed to precisely infer the target’s location. Results from extensive indoor experiments validate the superior localization performance of our proposed system over previous approaches
Lothe, Pierre. "Localication et cartographie simultanées par vision monoculaire contraintes par un SIG : application à la géolocalisation d'un véhicule." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625652.
Full textGomez, Javier. "Optimisation des transports et mobilité durable : le cas des applications géolocalisées sur téléphone mobile." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697124.
Full textBruna, Yann. "Les nouvelles expériences au monde de l'individu géolocalisé." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU1062/document.
Full textBecause of their increasing and intensive use over the last few years, roughly similar to the smartphone penetration rate, Location-Based Services (LBS) have quickly and strongly become rooted in the everyday’s life of the hyperconnected user. We are questionning ourselves in this PhD research on the new experiences to the world brought by the use of such devices throughout a qualitative survey conducted among 62 LBS users. Our first results highlight that those LBS, like some other information and communication technologies, largely contribute in the reinvestment of space and places, while they are creating a relativization of metric distance over the temporal one and new ways to experience time defined by a continuous acceleration and a search for immediacy. But, as LBS are becoming more and more socializing, we also noticed and analyzed new grouping and dodging strategies, as well as new ways to watch over and possibly control people. This sometimes leads to new balances of power between the one who is tracking and the one who is being tracked, deeply linked to discussions over visibility, visuality and anonymity in a hybrid urban space where the share of location has become almost continuous
Bachir, Danya. "Estimating urban mobility with mobile network geolocation data mining." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLL004/document.
Full textIn the upcoming decades, traffic and travel times are expected to skyrocket, following tremendous population growth in urban territories. The increasing congestion on transport networks threatens cities efficiency at several levels such as citizens well-being, health, economy, tourism and pollution. Thus, local and national authorities are urged to promote urban planning innovation by adopting supportive policies leading to effective and radical measures. Prior to decision making processes, it is crucial to estimate, analyze and understand daily urban mobility. Traditionally, the information on population movements has been gathered through national and local reports such as census and surveys. Still, such materials are constrained by their important cost, inducing extremely low-update frequency and lack of temporal variability. On the meantime, information and communications technologies are providing an unprecedented quantity of up-to-date mobility data, across all categories of population. In particular, most individuals carry their mobile phone everywhere through their daily trips and activities. In this thesis, we estimate urban mobility by mining mobile network data, which are collected in real-time by mobile phone providers at no extra-cost. Processing the raw data is non-trivial as one must deal with temporal sparsity, coarse spatial precision and complex spatial noise. The thesis addresses two problematics through a weakly supervised learning scheme (i.e., using few labeled data) combining several mobility data sources. First, we estimate population densities and number of visitors over time, at fine spatio-temporal resolutions. Second, we derive Origin-Destination matrices representing total travel flows over time, per transport modes. All estimates are exhaustively validated against external mobility data, with high correlations and small errors. Overall, the proposed models are robust to noise and sparse data yet the performance highly depends on the choice of the spatial resolution. In addition, reaching optimal model performance requires extra-calibration specific to the case study region and to the transportation mode. This step is necessary to account for the bias induced by the joined effect of heterogeneous urban density and user behavior. Our work is the first successful attempt to characterize total road and rail passenger flows over time, at the intra-region level.Although additional in-depth validation is required to strengthen this statement, our findings highlight the huge potential of mobile network data mining for urban planning applications
Zoubert-Ousseni, Kersane. "Algorithmes de géolocalisation à l’intérieur d’un bâtiment en temps différé." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S015/document.
Full textReal time indoor geolocalization has recently been widely studied, and has many applications. Off-line (post-processing) trajectory estimation also presents some interest. Off-line indoor geolocalization makes it possible for instance to develop crowdsourcing approaches that take advantage of a large number of users to collect a large number of measurements: knowing the trajectory of a smartphone user makes it possible for instance to feed an attendance map. Estimating this trajectory does not need to be performed in real-time and can be performed off-line, two main benefits. Firstly, the real-time approach estimates a current position using present and past measurements only, when the off-line approach has access to the whole measurements, and makes it possible to obtain an estimated trajectory that is smoother and more accurate than with a real-time approach. Secondly, this estimation can be done on a server and does not need to be implemented in the smartphone as it is the case in the real-time approach, with the consequence that more computing power and size memory are available. The objective of this PhD is to provide an off-line estimation of the trajectory of a smartphone user receiving signal strength (RSS) of wifi or bluetooth measurements and collecting inertial measurements (IMU). In the beginning, without the floorplan of the building, a parametric model is proposed, based on an adaptive pathloss model for RSS measurements and on a piecewise parametrization for the inertial trajectory, obtained with IMU measurements. Results are an average error of 6.2mfor the off-line estimation against 12.5m for the real-time estimation. Then, information on displacement constraints induced by the walls is considered, that makes it possible to adjust the estimated trajectory by using a particle technique as often done in the state-of-the-art. With this second approach we developped a particle smoother and a maximum a posteriori estimator using the Viterbi algorithm. Other numerical heuristics have been introduced. A first heuristic makes use of the parametric model developed without the floorplan to adjust the state model of the user which was originally based on IMUalone. A second heuristic proposes to performseveral realization of a particle filter and to define two score functions based on RSS and on the continuity of the estimated trajectory. The scores are then used to select the best realization of the particle filter as the estimated trajectory. A global algorithm, which uses all of the aforementioned approaches, leads to an error of 3.6m against 5.8m in real-time. Lastly, a statistical machine learning model produced with random forests makes it possible to distinguish the correct estimated trajectories by only using few variables to be used in a crowdsourcing framework
Chelly, Magda Lilia. "Propagation d'une position dans les réseaux connectés." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843587.
Full textCannelle, Bertrand. "Estimation de pose de grands blocs d'images panoramiques issues de systèmes de numérisation mobile." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1164/document.
Full textMobile mapping technology has grown exponentially the last ten years, particularly due to advances in computer and sensor performances. However, the very accurate positioning of data generated by such technique remains a crucial issue. The first part of this thesis presents the mobile mapping system that has been designed in the MATIS lab of IGN as well as its operational use. A detailed analysis of image data is proposed and data used for this work is discussed. The second part tackles the standard calibration procedure. First, camera calibration is performed by using a panoramic-based acquisition geometry, which allows not to required ground control points. Secondly, a full calibration procedure dedicated to the Stéréopolis V2is proposed so as to determine accurately the position and orientation of all the cameras. For that purpose, two procedures are explained : one requiring an area with points positioned with high accuracy ,and the other one based only the data acquisition. The third section details the compensation applied to the mobile mapping car that allows to improve poses of a large number of images. The mathematical formulation is proposed, and various cases of the method are explained. Data management is also presented since it is a mandatory step for efficient large amount of data management The fourth and final part of the thesis presents different registration scenarii, where methods developed in this work can be used individually as well as combined with other ones so as to bring higher coherence between sequences of distinct images
Pardiñas, Mir Jorge Arturo. "Contribution à l'étude de la détection des signaux UWB. Etude et implémentation d'un récepteur ad hoc multicapteurs. Applications indoor de localisation." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814663.
Full textDumont, Thierry. "Contributions à la localisation intra-muros. De la modélisation à la calibration théorique et pratique d'estimateurs." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795685.
Full textPaiva, Nogueira Tales. "A Framework for Automatic Annotation of Semantic Trajectories." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM004/document.
Full textLocation data is ubiquitous in many aspects of our lives. We are witnessing an increasing usage of this kind of data by a variety of applications. As a consequence, information systems are required to deal with large datasets containing raw data in order to build high level abstractions. Semantic Web technologies offers powerful representation tools for pervasive applications. The convergence of location-based services and Semantic Web standards allows an easier interlinking and annotation of trajectories.In this thesis, we focus in modeling mobile object trajectories in the context of the Semantic Web. First, we propose an ontology that allows the representation of generic episodes. Our model also handles contextual elements that may be related to trajectories. Second, we propose a framework containing three algorithms for automatic annotation of trajectories. The first one detects moves, stops, and noisy data; the second one is able to compress generic time series and create episodes that resumes the evolution of trajectory characteristics; the third one exploits the linked data cloud to annotate trajectories with geographic elements that intersects it with data from OpenStreetMap.As results of this thesis, we have a new ontology that can represent spatiotemporal phenomena at different levels of granularity. Moreover, our framework offers three novel algorithms for trajectory annotation. The move-stop-noise detection method is able to deal with irregularly sampled traces and do not depend on external data of the underlying geography; our time series compression method is able to find values that summarize a series at the same time that too small segments are avoided; and our spatial annotation algorithm explores linked data and the relationships among concepts to find relevant types of spatial features to describe the environment where the trajectory took place
Fekih, Hassen Wiem. "A ubiquitous navigation service on smartphones." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI006.
Full textPedestrian navigation is a growing research field, which aims at developing services and applications that ensure the continuous positioning and navigation of people inside and outside covered areas (e.g. buildings). In this thesis, we propose a ubiquitous pedestrian navigation service based on user preferences and the most suitable efficient available positioning technology (e.g. WiFi, GNSS). Our main objective is to estimate continuously the position of a pedestrian carrying a smartphone equipped with a variety of technologies and sensors. First, we propose a novel positioning technology selection algorithm, called UCOSA for the complete ubiquitous navigation service in indoor and outdoor environments. UCOSA algorithm starts by inferring the need of a handover between the available positioning technologies on the overlapped coverage areas using fuzzy logic technique. If a handover process is required, a score is calculated for each captured Radio Frequency (RF) positioning technology. The score function consists of two parts: the first part represents the user preferences weights computed based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Whereas, the second part provides the user requirements (normalized values). UCOSA algorithm also integrates the Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) positioning technique through the navigation process to enhance the estimation of the smartphone's position. Second, we focus on the RSS fingerprinting positioning technique as it is the most widely used technique, which principle is to return the smartphone's position by comparing the real time recorded RSS values with the radiomap (i.e. a database of previous stored RSS values). Most of radiomap are organized in a grid, formed or Reference Point (RP): we propose a new design of radiomap which complements the grid with other RPs located at the center of gravity of each grid square. Third, we address the challenge of constructing a graph for a multi-floor building. We propose an algorithm that starts by creating the horizontal graph of each floor, separately, and then, adds vertical links between the different floors. Finally, we implement a novel algorithm, called SIONA that calculates and displays in a continuous manner the pathway between two distinct points being located indoor or outdoor. We conduct several real experiments inside the campus of the University of Passau in Germany to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms. They yield promising results in terms of continuity and accuracy (around 1.8 m indoor) of navigation service
Antigny, Nicolas. "Estimation continue de la pose d'un équipement tenu en main par fusion des données visio-inertielles pour les applications de navigation piétonne en milieux urbains." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0027/document.
Full textTo support pedestrian navigation in urban and indoor spaces, an accurate pose estimate (i.e. 3Dposition and 3D orientation) of an equipment held inhand constitutes an essential point in the development of mobility assistance tools (e.g.Augmented Reality applications). On the assumption that the pedestrian is only equipped with general public devices, the pose estimation is restricted to the use of low-cost sensors embedded in the latter (i.e. an Inertial and Magnetic Measurement Unit and a monocular camera). In addition, urban and indoor spaces, comprising closely-spaced buildings and ferromagnetic elements,constitute challenging areas for localization and sensor pose estimation during large pedestrian displacements.However, the recent development and provision of data contained in 3D Geographical Information System constitutes a new wealth of data usable for localization and pose estimation.To address these challenges, this thesis proposes solutions to improve pedestrian localization and hand-held device pose estimation in urban and indoor spaces. The proposed solutions integrate inertial and magnetic-based attitude estimation, monocular Visual Odometry with pedestrian motion estimation for scale estimation, 3D GIS known object recognition-based absolute pose estimation and Pedestrian Dead-Reckoning updates. All these solutions are fused to improve accuracy and to continuously estimate a qualified pose of the handheld device. This qualification is required tovalidate an on-site augmented reality display. To assess the proposed solutions, experimental data has been collected during pedestrian walks in an urban space with sparse known objects and indoors passages
Morey, Pearl. "« La liberté en toute sécurité » : les promesses des dispositifs techniques de géolocalisation des résident.e.s en EHPAD face aux tensions morales du care." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0161.
Full textThis PhD thesis explores the use of location tracking devices in elderly care in French nursing homes (EHPAD) through the lens of sociology. By focusing on technological devices, I explore moral tensions that arise within the ethics of care and more specifically, the tension between residents’ freedom of movement and their personal safety as guaranteed by institutions and health professionals. The narrative developed by health professionals around this moral tension is framed as a “dilemma”. An increased freedom of movement would invariably lead to safety gaps to nursing home residents. Conversely, a strong focus on security would systematically lead to restrictions in their human right to move freely. Location tracking devices entered French market in the early 2000s with strong promises, including that of reconciling these two values, as exemplified by the commercial motto « Safe freedom » (« La liberté en toute sécurité »).This thesis explores whether and how care practitioners seize the option of using such technological devices in health and social care institutions. I further investigate the extent to which, in practice, these devices are able to fulfill their promises of reconciling elderly residents’ right to move freely and their personal safety, which falls within the responsibility of nursing home. I order to answer this research question, I focus on three social spheres within the location tracking technologies realm: 1/ product development and implementation, 2/ regulation and 3/ deployment and use in nursing homesBuilding on Care Theory, Sociology of Organizations, Sociology of Ageing and the Elderly, and Science and Technology Studies, this thesis argues that the moral tensions between the right to move freely and the right to safety is currently being addressed and researched in those three social spheres in search for reconciliation. However, arbitration of certain expressions of this tension is usually achieved without the actual location tracking devices, but with support from other tools. Finally, the narrative of arbitration is not always applicable and can at times – especially in case of accident or crisis – be substituted by that of responsibility
Jimenez, Guizar Arturo Mauricio. "Communications coopératives dans les réseaux autour du corps humain pour la capture du mouvement." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI091/document.
Full textWireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) refers to the family of “wearable” wireless sensor networks (WSN) used to collect personal data, such as human activity, heart rate, sleep sequences or geographical position. This thesis aims at proposing cooperative algorithms and cross-layer mechanisms with WBAN to perform large-scale individual motion capture and coordinated group navigation applications. For this purpose, we exploit the advantages of jointly cooperative and heterogeneous WBAN under full/half-mesh topologies for localization purposes, from on-body links at the body scale, body-to-body links between mobile users of a group and off-body links with respect to the environment and the infrastructure. The wireless transmission relies on an impulse radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) radio (based on the IEEE 802.15.6 standard), in order to obtain accurate peer-to-peer ranging measurements based on Time of Arrival (ToA) estimates. Thus, we address the problem of positioning and ranging estimation through the design of cross-layer strategies by considering realistic body mobility and channel variations. Our first contribution consists in the creation of an unprecedented WBAN measurement database obtained with real experimental scenarios for mobility and channel modelling. Then, we introduce a discrete-event (WSNet) and deterministic (PyLayers) co-simulator tool able to exploit our measurement database to help us on the design and validation of cooperative algorithms. Using these tools, we investigate the impact of nodes mobility and channel variations on the ranging estimation. In particular, we study the “three-way ranging” (3-WR) protocol and we observed that the delays of 3-WR packets have an impact on the distances estimated in function of the speed of nodes. Then, we quantify and compare the error with statistical models and we show that the error generated by the channel is bigger than the mobility error. In a second time, we extend our study for the position estimation. Thus, we analyze different strategies at MAC layer through scheduling and slot allocation algorithms to reduce the impact of mobility. Then, we propose to optimize our positioning algorithm with an extended Kalman filter (EKF), by using our scheduling strategies and the statistical models of mobility and channel errors. Finally, we propose a distributed-cooperative algorithm based on the analysis of long-term and short-term link quality estimators (LQEs) to improve the reliability of positioning. To do so, we evaluate the positioning success rate under three different channel models (empirical, simulated and experimental) along with a conditional algorithm (based on game theory) for virtual anchor choice. We show that our algorithm improve the number of positions estimated for the nodes with the worst localization performance
Jain, Ankit. "Detection on HF radio transmitters using passive geolocation techniques." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0128/document.
Full textLong-range radio transmission in the HF band can cover large geographical areas using light and mobile equipment. It is therefore well suited for communications during military operations orfor the rapid deployment of an agile communication network during humanitarian operations. In this context, it is important to determine the geographic location of the transmitters by analyzing the electromagnetic communication signals. The aim of the thesis is to develop an alternative, complementary geolocation technique, entitled Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) that has rarely been studied in the case of ionospheric propagation. As a first step, HF geolocation algorithm based on TDoA is setup and analyzed by parametric software simulations. Simulation results demonstrate that increasing the number of receivers leads to a significant improvement in the geolocation accuracy. In order to study the feasibility of a practical HF geolocation system based on TDoA, multiple remotely controllable HF receivers are designed using software defined radio (SDR) modules and a country wide operational receiver network is deployed in France. A concept of cross-channel sounding along with its mathematical description is proposed to evaluate the propagation duration differences between the signals captured by two distinct receivers. Preliminary experimental results show that it is possible to locate the HF transmitters under favorable conditions with a relative geolocation error ranging from about 0.1 to 10% of the actual ground distance. Data captured during the large scale measurement campaign are analyzed statistically to evaluate the performance of the geolocation algorithm and define parameters that could be considered in an operational approach
Primault, Vincent. "Practically preserving and evaluating location privacy." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI017/document.
Full textIn the past decades, the usage of GPS-enabled smartphones has dramatically risen. However, all these usages do not come without privacy threats. Indeed, location data that users are sending to these services can be used to infer sensitive knowledge about them, such as where they live or where they work. This is were protection mechanisms come into play, whose goal is to put users back in control of their privacy. We start by surveying existing protection mechanisms and metrics used to evaluate them. This first analysis highlights a particularly sensitive information, namely the points of interest. These are all the places where users use to spend most of their time. This leads us towards building a new protection mechanism, PROMESSE, whose main goal is to hide these points of interest. Protection mechanisms tend to be configured by parameters, which highly impact their effectiveness in terms of privacy and utility. We propose ALP, a solution to help users to configure their protection mechanisms from a set of objectives they specified. Finally, we introduce Accio, which is a software encompassing most of our work. Its goal is to allow to easily launch location privacy experiments and enforce their reproducibility
Suleiman, Wassim. "Analyse de visibilité et géolocalisation en milieu urbain avec un modèle numérique 3D." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01060183.
Full textBaldisser, Emeric. "Environnement de réalité augmentée pour la conception, la gestion et la maintenance d’ouvrages et de mobiliers urbains." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0027/document.
Full textIn the public construction field, surveyors have to manipulate sophisticatedinstruments and maps to design CAD and GIS sketches describing geolocated facilities tobuild on worksite. Geolocation and design inaccuracies happen during these steps and leadto false technical maps. This Ph.D. thesis explains our research works made on behalf ofSIG-IMAGE Company. We first identify origins of inaccuracies during survey, then wepropose a new and optimized survey method that improves CAD and GIS accuracy on field.We explain to what extend Augmented Reality is able to improve technical mapsinterpretation and edition. We present, evaluate and criticize a prototype that couples atangible AR environment with a laser range finder. It allows one to draw technical sketcheson a 2D tangible real time view of worksites. Experiments have proven that it does not satisfyFrench regulation in terms of accuracy when editing maps. However it is accurate enough todisplay and edit GIS information, as well as CAD maps in a very close area. We then exploreanother approach consisting of matching the scanner’s dense point cloud with the real time2D view of the worksite. We propose a synthesis of alignment practices between point cloudsand images of a same scene. Finally we have chosen to explore 2D-2D registration so thatinteractions in our AR system would be based on the point cloud pre-processed discreterepresentation of the worksite. These interactions will be geolocated and will follow thePicking-Outlining-Annotating paradigm
Beaubois, Florian. "Positionnement d'une balise sous-marine en environnement peu profond." Thesis, Littoral, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DUNK0423/document.
Full textThe purpose of that thesis work is the research and implementation of a compact and simple underwater localization system that aim to be used in ports, coastal areas and other low-depth environments. Our system is SBL (Small Distance Baseline), with a small number of transceivers (only one emitter and two hydrophones). Due to the system's geometric configuration not being optimal (both hydrophones are close to one another), the precision obtained using classical approaches is poor. We therefore propose a new localization approach that will improve it. The emitter we wish to localize emit a spread spectrum signal. The time difference of arrival (TDOA) between the two hydrophones is then determined using correlations methods. We propose in our work two tracking loops that will estimate both the delay and the doppler frequency between the signals. Using a Kalman filter , those methods are implemented respectively in open and close loop. From each TDOA measurement, we can calculatea hyperbolic area of possible emitter location. We thus use a statistical model which takes into account the local geometry of our measurements system in order to create a probable localization area around each hyperbole. By using the measurements at several different boat positions, we create a probability density whose maximum will be centered around the emitter's position. We show that, on simulated data, it is possible to localize the beacon with a precision beneath a meter with a realistic noise level. Experimental work and real data collection confirm that the method can in that context achieve the same result with a precision of a few meters
Desroches, Damien. "Extraction de hauteurs d'eau géolocalisées par interférométrie radar dans le cas de SWOT." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30030/document.
Full textThe SWOT mission (Surface Water and Ocean Topography), conducted by CNES and JPL, and scheduled for launch in 2020, is a major step forward for spaceborne altimetry, both for oceanography and continental hydrology. It is the first interferometric SAR mission whose specific objective is the measurement of water surface height. The main instrument of the mission, KaRIn, a Ka-band Radar Interferometer, has particular characteristics: very low incidence angle (from 0.6 to 3.9°), short wavelength (8.6 mm), and short baseline (10 m). This technical configuration leads to properties that are specific to SWOT, both in terms of phenomenology and data processing. Moreover, due to the nature and the huge volume of data, new processing methods, different from those used in previous interferometric mission, are considered. For the Low Rate (LR) mode dedicated to oceanography, a large part of the processing will take place onboard to limit the data volume transmitted to ground. The High Rate (HR) mode, mainly targeting continental hydrology, also present original characteristics in terms of processing, essentially conducted on ground, due to the large diversity in the structure of the observed water surfaces. In both modes, the strategy for conversion of phase into geolocated heights cannot be directly based on those of previous missions, relying on spatial phase unwrapping. The approach retained here is to use, as far as possible, a reference Digital Terrain Model (DTM) to remove the phase ambiguity and proceed directly to height inversion. This allows both to reduce the computing time and to avoid the need for ground control points, which are difficult to obtain both over oceans and continental surfaces, due to varying water level and very low signal-to-noise ratio over land. For cases where the precision of reference DTM is not good enough to ensure a correct phase unwrapping, methods to detect and reduce the errors are proposed. To facilitate the use of the geolocated heights derived from the interferometric phase in HR mode, we propose a method that permits to significantly improve the geolocation of the products, without degrading the water height information
Yang, Dingqi. "Understanding human dynamics from large-scale location-centric social media data : analysis and applications." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TELE0002/document.
Full textHuman dynamics is an essential aspect of human centric computing. As a transdisciplinary research field, it focuses on understanding the underlying patterns, relationships, and changes of human behavior. By exploring human dynamics, we can understand not only individual’s behavior, such as a presence at a specific place, but also collective behaviors, such as social movement. Understanding human dynamics can thus enable various applications, such as personalized location based services. However, before the availability of ubiquitous smart devices (e.g., smartphones), it is practically hard to collect large-scale human behavior data. With the ubiquity of GPS-equipped smart phones, location based social media has gained increasing popularity in recent years, making large-scale user activity data become attainable. Via location based social media, users can share their activities as real-time presences at Points of Interests (POIs), such as a restaurant or a bar, within their social circles. Such data brings an unprecedented opportunity to study human dynamics. In this dissertation, based on large-scale location centric social media data, we study human dynamics from both individual and collective perspectives. From individual perspective, we study user preference on POIs with different granularities and its applications in personalized location based services, as well as the spatial-temporal regularity of user activities. From collective perspective, we explore the global scale collective activity patterns with both country and city granularities, and also identify their correlations with diverse human cultures
Feliachi, Abdelfettah. "Interconnexion et visualisation de ressources géoréférencées du Web de données à l’aide d’un référentiel topographique de support." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1179/document.
Full textMany resources published on the Web of data are related to spatial references that describe their location. These spatial references are a valuable asset for interlinking and visualizing data over the Web. However, these spatial references may be presented with different levels of detail and different geometric modelling from one data source to another. These differences are a major challenge for using geometries comparison as a criterion for interlinking georeferenced resources. This challenge is even amplified more due to the open and often volunteered nature of the data that causes geometric heterogeneities between the resources of a same data source. Furthermore, Web mapping applications of georeferenced data are limited when it comes to visualize data at different scales.In this PhD thesis, we propose a vocabulary for formalizing the knowledge about the characteristics of every single geometry in a dataset. We propose a semi-automatic approach for acquiring this knowledge by using geographic reference data. Then, we propose to use this knowledge in approach for adapting dynamically the setting of the comparison of each pair of geometries during an interlinking process. We propose an additional interlinking approach based on geographic reference data for detecting n:m links between data sources. Finally, we propose Web mapping applications for georeferenced resources that remain readable at different map scales
Taia, Alaoui Fadoua. "Navigation des personnes aux moyens des technologies des smartphones et des données d’environnements cartographiés." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0051/document.
Full textSmartphone navigation using the low-cost embedded sensors in off the shelf smartphones can provide a continuous solution in GNSS-denied environments. The most widely adopted approach is Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) that uses acceleration and angular velocity to estimate the user’s position. Yet, consumer grade sensors deliver noisy measurements that may result into a drift in the estimated trajectory. One major challenge is to estimate accurately step length information since it depends on physiological features that are specific to each user. In addition, angular biases are more likely to be introduced in the orientation estimation process with handheld devices. This is mainly due to the high degree of freedom of hand motion. In the context of a national project called HAPPYHAND, the main goal of this work is to exploit map information as far as possible in order to mitigate the previous inherent limitations to the PDR approach. First, a topological network extracted from the map is proposed in order to correct the angular errors and calibrate the step length model. Second, context awareness is adopted in order to provide regular and frequent position updates thanks to a point of interest online detection scheme
Rehman, Faizan Ur. "Vers une plateforme pour l'extraction et la visualisation multi-échelle d'événements sociaux." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM073/document.
Full textThe population in cities is slated to double by mid-century according to estimates prepared by the World Health Organization. This rapid increase in population will impact transportation and economic growth, and will increase responsibilities of local managing authorities and different stakeholders. It is a need of the hour to convert cities into smart cities in order to provide new service to the public, by using available resources in an optimum manner. From crowd-sourced data and open governmental data to other online sources, a variety of data sources can provide users with smart tools to efficiently manage their daily activities. Moreover, with the advancement in Internet and mobile technologies, social networking platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have become popular modes of communication. They allow users to share a spectrum of information, including spatio-temporal data, both publicly and within their community of interest in real-time. Scrutinizing knowledge from different types of available, rich, geo-tagged, and crowd-sourced data and incorporating it on a map has become more feasible. This presents a real opportunity to enrich traditional maps and enhance conventional spatio-temporal queries with the help of different types of data extracted from a variety of available data sources. In this thesis, we first propose a constraint-aware route recommendation system in lack of physical infrastructure environment that leverages geo-tagged data in social media and user-generated content to identify upcoming traffic constraints and, thus, recommend an optimized path. We have designed and developed a system using a spatial grid index to inform users about upcoming constraints and calculate a new, optimized path in minimal response time. Later, the concept of “smart maps” will be introduced by collecting, managing, and integrating heterogeneous data sources in order to infer relevant knowledge-based layers. Unlike conventional maps, smart maps extract information about live events (e.g., concert, competition, incidents, etc.), online offers, and statistical analysis (e.g., dangerous areas) by encapsulating incoming semi- and un-structured data into structured generic packets. This methodology sets the ground for providing different intelligent services and applications. Moreover, developing smart maps requires an efficient and scalable processing and the visualization of knowledge-based layers at multiple map scales, thus allowing a smooth and clutter-free browsing experience. Finally, we introduce Hadath, a scalable and efficient system that extracts social events from a variety of unstructured data streams. Hadath applies natural language processing and multi-dimensional clustering techniques to extract relevant events of interest at different map scales, and to infer the spatio-temporal extent of detected events. The system comprises a data wrapping component which digests different types of data sources, and prepossesses data to generate structured data packets out of unstructured streams. Hadath also implements a hierarchical in-memory spatio-temporal indexing scheme to allow efficient and scalable access to raw data, as well as to extracted clusters of events. Initially, data packets are processed to discover events at a local scale, then, the proper spatio-temporal extent and the significance of detected events at a global scale is determined. As a result, live events can be displayed at different spatio-temporal resolutions, thus allowing a smooth and unique browsing experience. Finally, to validate our proposed system, we conducted experiments on real-world data streams. The final output of our system named Hadath creates a unique and dynamic map browsing experience
Etienne, Laurent. "Motifs spatio-temporels de trajectoires d'objets mobiles, de l'extraction à la détection de comportements inhabituels : application au trafic maritime." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667953.
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