Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Services de santé – Pays en voie de développement'
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Juillet, Anne. "Approche économétrique de la demande de soins des pays en voie de développement : les recours aux services de santé à Bamako." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010032.
Full textIn 1980's, encouraged by international institutions, most of African Sub-Saharian countries introduced mechanisms of market in their health care system and abandoned free medical cares. In this thesis, we propose an econometric approach not only of the impact of introduction of medical charges, but also of the variation of the demand with sick person's and their family's income. In introduction, we explain the context in which these countries were induced to reform financing of their health care system, specially in mali. In the first part, we propose an analysis of economic and econometric tools that were use by international backers to prove what are price-effects and income-effects on demand for health care. Finally, in a second part, we illustrate the theoretical approach with an empirical study of the impact of prices and incomes on demand for health care in bamako
Coker, Catherine. "L' apport des fonctions de demande de services sanitaires aux analyses coût-avantage : une application à la prise en charge des maladies sexuellement transmissibles d'un groupe cible à Libreville (Gabon)." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX24019.
Full textDukhan, Yohana. "Améliorer l'efficience des systèmes de santé et la protection financière contre le risque maladie dans les pays en développement." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00480976.
Full textKaluma, Katembo. "L'influence des dimensions des soins de santé primaires (SSP) sur les résultats des programmes de santé (cas de la participation habilitante ou empowerment)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26646/26646.pdf.
Full textDeffontis, Pascal. "La chaîne du froid au service de la santé publique dans les pays en voie de développement." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11029.
Full textCissé, Boubou. "Recouvrement des coûts et utilisation des services de santé dans les pays d'Afrique au Sud du Sahara : qu'en est-il de l'impact du paiement des soins de santé par les usagers ?" Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX24006.
Full textFurther to the 1980's financial crisis which has sorely stroked the developing countries, the establishment of the cost recovery scheme (user fees) has been proposed to these countries in 1985, and in practise demand from the World Bank from 1987. Since then, there has been many controversies about the impact of the introduction of user fees on access to health care and utilisation of health services. This thesis deals with the problematic of equity in the field of health in urban area. It's aim is to whether payment of health care by private individuals constitutes a source of inequity in the use and access of health care. It also presents the methodology and the results (resulting from empirical database) of a research on inequality in the distribution of health care use and expenditures in African countries, in order to better grasp some aspects of the nature and the extent of the problems that are facing the underprivileged groups and which separate them from the rich. With this intention, we analyse the socio-economic distribution service use of and expenditure of the households following a common and rigorous method of analysis and commune to all the sites, based on the concepts of vertical equity and horizontal equity and the calculation of indices based on the Lorenz curves, the whole drawn from the literature of tax economy
Afridi, Muhammad Asim. "The effects of health aid on health outcomes : public versus private channels." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1111.
Full textThe reduction of child and maternal mortality is universally accepted as a millennium development goal (MDG). Foreign aid for health is one of the means implemented to reach it. However, even if many successes of health aid activities have been underlined at the microeconomic level, the effectiveness of health aid in general remains unknown. In spite of many macroeconomic works on aid effectiveness on economic growth, only little deals with its effectiveness in health. The purpose of this thesis is precisely to assess the effectiveness of foreign aid in improving health measurements, at the macroeconomic level. I tried to explore the impact of health aid disbursed by the donors through the government and private sector on health outcomes like child, maternal and adult mortality rates in developing economies. The thesis examines the issue of foreign aid earmarked for health sector using a three-paper format. The three chapters of this thesis can be read independently
Dumalanede, Constance. "Un management stratégique dédié à la prestation de services de santé primaires aux plus démunis des régions en développement : un business model Bottom the Pyramid (BoP) et son système propositionnel." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2103.
Full textThis doctoral thesis highlights a key global challenge that has received little attention in the management science literature: the accessibility of primary health care services for low-income populations.The challenge of accessibility seen in the Bottom of the Pyramid strategies and the professional characteristics of health services complicate the issue for organisations. With a recommendatory purpose, this research aims to introduce strategies that non-profit and forprofit organisations could implement to create business models that address these challenges and improve low-income populations’ well-being.To achieve this, we conducted a qualitative research based on a multiple case study of four organisations based in Brazil and South Africa. They all share the same objective of delivering primary health services to the poorest population centres, but they have each developed a different business model to achieve this. This divergence has the advantage of creating a mutualenrichment of practices useful in the design of our research product: a BoP business model dedicated to the delivery of primary health care services.The comparison of our empirical study with our conceptual study highlights the need for organisations to develop strong and regular interactions with local actors. It aims to improve the organisation’s acceptance and local embeddedness through inclusive practices. Once rooted in the community, the organisation can rely on its local ecosystem, to promote access to healthservices for low-income populations while creating social and economic value for the entire ecosystem. Based on our results, we suggest key elements that organisations could integrate into their business model in order to provide inclusive health care services to low-income populations
Kibongui, Raymond. "Médecine traditionnelle et politique économique de santé dans les pays en développement." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE008.
Full textThe health situation of third world countries incites one the seek a better economic health policy for those countries. One cane wonder in wath way the place occupied by traditional medicine is adapted to the intended objectives and to the means available. Can traditional medecine be on of the arguments of the policy of optimal use of the ressources in developing countries? The first part of this study analyses the opportunity of traditional medecine in third word countries particularly in African countries south of the sahara. A critical observation of the health system brings to the fore, among other things, the unfavourable impact of a complete transposition of the western health systems towards developing countries traditional medecine offers unsufficienly exploited opportunities which have the possibility to contribute to the creation of a more appropriate social health technology. The second part is devoted to the analysis of traditional medicines means of action. What are the forms of traditional medecine? Private and individual forms? (tradipractitioner) or collective ones (religious communities) but also public forms under supervision of international organizations, of states and national unionss of tradipractitioners. It is possible to consider an integration of modern medecine and traditional medecine, which by means of health personnel and of pharmacopoeia increase the opportunity and develop the effectiveness of economic health policies.
Hodac, Maubert Michelle. "Les stratégies sanitaires dans les pays tiers-mondistes." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR1D002.
Full textThe international organizations concede an universal right to bring health in all the nations to the topmost standards (clause n1 of the constitution of the world health organization the necessity of a sanitary legislation appeared just after the be ginning of the century and especially extended during the last decade. The discussions relating to the sanitary policy, from the national or international point of view, have broadly lain outside the medical care to consider health as an essential element and even a previous condition to the socio-economic development. The international conference about the primary health care which took place in 1978 in alma ata, constitutes a major element in the history of the sanitary policy and proposes an approach with following basis : an aggragate action, equity, communal participation as well as a rehabilitation of the traditional medicine. The primary health care with their numerous ramifications in the different areas are the first way to carry into effect the program, for instance: nutrition, water supply, maternal and infantile protection, vaccination against the endemic diseases, and besides help to
Goba, Léga. "Le commerce, des services et les pays en developpement." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05D010.
Full textMenard, Béatrice. "Contribution géographique à l'étude de la santé dans le Tiers-Monde : Exemple de la trilogie pathologique "malnutrition - diarrhées - affections respiratoires" observée chez les jeunes enfants." Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN1208.
Full textThe geographical specificities of environments, associated with biological specificities of human groups and bioecological characteristics of others animal and vegetal species, result at the existence of active pathogenic complexes that explain the appearance of diseases in precise places. The attendance of natural and socio-cultural elements create device of factors that allow the running of epidemiological processes. The links between pathogenic environment and traditional behaviour of inhabitants have a determined role in persistency of infectious peril, classically noted in third world. The potential hazards, encurred by target groups in such environments are remarkable by analysis of epidemiological landscapes and enlightened with conditions of life stermming from relationships between humans and their space of life. During gravido-puerperal period, women like infants, represent subjects among the more vulnerable and receptive to common pathologies, observed in varied sub and inter-tropical environments. The lack of sanitary means prevails on infantile and youthful morbidity and mortality, but diverse combined factors intervene also as a basis of gravity from outward signs. The poor conditions of infant health in disadvantaged region can constitute an indicator of poverty, in witch act together, deficiency of equipment, mistakes in weaning, disparities in access to health care with ineffective prevention and treatment, unhealthy environments and impact of human attitudes faced with shortage of maternal elementary upbringing
DRAME, ALIOU. "Système de santé et ajustement structurel dans les pays en développement : cas du Sénégal." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100031.
Full textBayti, Lahcen. "Le nouvel ordre sanitaire international et la coopération sanitaire entre les pays en développement." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR1D003.
Full textThird world medical care, which for the moment is reserved for the elite can only be accessible to society admarged by focusing on prevention basic hight more efficient use of health care workers and an concentration on essential drugs. The consomption of drugs and medical services which preocuprises the industrial world only reaches on person in five. In the third world thebasic problem remains the satisfaction of elementary sanitary needs. The statement of alma ata is the map for health care in the xxst century. His technical mastery his demand for social justice, for health provision and his pleeding of urgent action in supported health care represent not only a recognition of it's importance at a global level but morexver the begining of health political care movment which aspires to provide basic health care to everyone by the year two thousand the declaration is witness to an exceptional international consensus on cooperation between countries so that all people are guaranteed of an acceptable level of health services. A key to the NOIH (new order of international health) is the drug industry. It is clevious that noih mesures must be in parallele with political educational, legal and the regulary mesure. This is the essential theme of our work. In conclusion only a furious coordination of all efforts will insure that essential medecine and vaccine are furnished to those who need them. Without this cooperation there can be no confidence in international health care cooperation between north and south or south and south
Bridji, Ozoua Marie Chantal. "Brevet pharmaceutique et l’accès aux médicaments dans les pays en voie de développement." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10069/document.
Full textThe entry into force of the ADPIC agreement in 1994 is the fulfillment of the new trade organization and its relation with technology protection. The goal of the agreement is to meet the minimum standard protection for patented inventions. The agreement also generalizes technologic invention protection by the intellectual property while integrating public health products on the international trade level. Henceforth, patents now protect medical drugs. However, the patentability of medical drugs creates a real problem due to the WTO member’s different interpretation of technologic minimum standard protection. On one side, WTO members issued from developed countries interpret drastically the agreement and consider their interest above public health ‘interests, which automatically leads to the restriction of the patents drugs users. On another side, WTO members issued from developing countries poorly interpret the agreements and limit the domain of patentability of the drugs, which automatically leads to an insufficient transposition of the agreement into their regional agreements. The study on the different use of the ADPIC agreements by the OMC members underlines the agreements limits in the public health area. This conclusion aims to hope for a reform of the ADPIC agreement, by promoting a new system that will allow developing countries to better protect the use of patented pharmaceutical inventions. Furthermore, legal addition to the actual systems were presented and we believe that they will contribute to an efficient protection of public health
Korachais, Catherine. "Contribution de l'aide publique au développement à l'amélioration de la santé dans les pays en développement." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473640.
Full textSmida, Salah. "Processus de privatisation et de restructuration des monopoles électriques : le cas des pays en développement." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10043.
Full textSchiere, Richard. "Vulnérabilité, Services publics et Décentralisation fiscale : L'expérience de la Chine comme pays en voie de développement et pays en transition." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00276130.
Full textLa recherche dans la thèse est fondée sur la base des données suivants : (i) China Datacenter de Université de Michigan sur le service public; (ii) Annuaire statistique de la Chine; (iii) Prof. Yiu Por Chen, Université de DePaul à Chicago sur la décentralisation politique ; (iv) Prof. Belton M. Fleicher et Prof Min Qiang, Université d'Ohio sur le capital humain ; et (v) Prof. Jing Jin de John Hopkins Université et Prof. Heng-fu Zou, Banque Mondiale sur la décentralisation fiscale. La recommandation politique de la thèse est que la vulnérabilité peut être réduire substantiellement par une politique du service social bien ciblé. Cependant, la décentralisation fiscale en Chine a suscité l 'introduction de frais d ' usage qui est devenu une barrière pour accéder aux services essentiels, notamment dans la région rurale. C'est la raison pour laquelle la décentralisation fiscale devrait être accompagnée d ' une enveloppe fiscale pour la région pauvre afin d 'assurer les services publics pour tous les citoyens de la Chine
Sergent, Fabrice. "Le financement du développement humain dans les pays pauvres : quel consensus ? : des chimères de l'altruisme à l'ordre economique." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE008.
Full textBudgetary choices and social sectors financing strategies brought into operation by the third world's governments hang doubt over their interest with regard to human development. In the same way, assistance from industrial countries for education and health, which are key sectors for human development, appears to be quantitatively and qualitatively limited, and thus, is not a good response to poor countries needs. Facing this non-consensus, we can either summon up ethies or political consciousness, or search for extra motivation in the field of interests involved. Such interests exist, either long dated as poor countries development can be seen as an investment for oursselves, or short dated as shown by the analysis of dest swaps. Trough swaping, social sectors financing depends on short term financial interests that confer an immediate profitability to human development, independant of moral political motivation or long terme economic considerations
Harfouche, Antoine H. "Fracture liée aux e-services publics dans les pays en voie de développement, exemple du Liban." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090087.
Full textJany-Catrice, Florence. "Le rôle des services aux entreprises dans le processus d'industrialisation des pays en voie de développement." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10175.
Full textBenseba, Djamel. "Le transfert de la technologie pharmaceutique vers les pays en voie de développement." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010009.
Full textJany-Catrice, Florence. "Le tertiaire dans les pays en voie de développement et le rôle particulier des services aux entreprises." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL12006.
Full textThe service sector is an important activity in terms of employment and in value added. A first quantitative analysis questions the validity of the traditional theories relative to the role of the service sector in the development process. Thus, it appears that for developing countries, the growth of services thas taken place before the manufacturing growth and is linked to the rural exodus. The producer services which seem atrophied in developing countries, can play an important role in the industrializing process of these countries if the knowledgeintensive services allow a real assimilation of this knowledge by the users. There are different conditions for such transfers of kn0wledge. - they depend on the service nature which has to be regarded as an interactive process. And in the industrializing countries, industries limit their demand to a very trivial form of assistance and thus limit the training possibilities. - they also depend on the way servicex are spread and on the specific of the service suppliers: service and knowledge transfers will have different consequences on industries depending upon whether they come from independent local suppliers, from international networks suppliers, or from parent companies to their locally settled affiliates. The limits of service utilization as lever for the industrial development (and in the specific case of the tunisian industry taken as a case study) are twofold:. .
Chatmi, Arbia. "Délocalisation des activités de services : une approche théorique et empirique : une application aux pays en voie de développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1081.
Full textThe service offshoring phenomenon is significant, supported by the development of information and communication technologies. But also with the advent of modularization in the production process. This phenomenon consists in the transfer of the realization of one or more modules of a service activity from the country of origin to the host country. Choosing a host country means that this country shows the best country characteristics for the production of the service. Two aspects which are the knowledge intensity and the disintegration degree define the service type. So, the destinations retained depend on the type of the service to offshore. The developing countries strengthen their country characteristics in order to improve their host capacity. These are the crucial country characteristics to receive services and the essential country characteristics for certain type of services. The crucial country characteristics are those that the developing countries should have to be more profitable than the countries of origin. Concerning the essential country characteristics for different type of services, it suggests that some country characteristics advantage certain services depending on their features. That is why our argument is on the offshoring potential of each service activity based on their features. We also try to determine the suited destination for each service type by taking into account the link between the service features and the host country characteristics
Haddad, Slim. "Utilisation des services de santé en pays de développement : une étude longitudinale dans la zone de santé rurale de Nioki au Zaïre." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO19001.
Full textTerrade, Frédéric. "Les médicaments essentiels dans les pays de l'axe nord-sud." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P182.
Full textDelafosse, Eric. "Enjeux gaziers dans les pvd et dépassement des obstacles à l'utilisation de la ressource." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE005.
Full textUp to now, the development of natural gas industry has been limited mostly to North America, Europe and Japan. Natural gas in widely appreciated as an energy source due to its abundance, physical characteristics and low production cost. Because of high transportation cost, the future development of the natural gas industry is closely tied the creation and growth of new gas markets in dc's located close to production areas. To date, here has been little gas industry development in these zones due to organisational, structural and economic barriers which driven transaction costs. These problems, however, can be overcome rising industrial organisation economics. The analytical process focuses on firms, industry structures, market configurations and heir interactions. Transaction cost analyses helps us to understand the links between different upstream and downstream processes : namely gas production, gas transportation and electric power generation. The bilateral exchange model and analysis of long term us contracts allow us to develop a new understanding of contract's role. The analysis finally shows how to reduce transaction costs
Hannafi, Cyrine. "The poverty-GDP per capita-health triangle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0573.
Full textIn the first chapter, a dynamic system of simultaneous equations is estimated using country-level panel data from developing countries to identify the dynamic causal structural relationships between Poverty, GDP per capita and Health. For this, innovative econometric methods for incomplete panel data are used to correct for endogeneity and the selectivity issues coming from missing data on poverty. In the second chapter, we estimate rather the cointegration relationships between the three factors, using country-level panel data from developing countries. We conduct a panel data cointegration in order to estimate long run relationships and causality tests. We estimate also a VECM model and we compute Impulse response functions. In the third chapter, we investigate socioeconomic and religious/ethnic local determinants of the current Syrian conflict. For this, we match monthly data from the Syrian Martyr panel database from March 2011 to April 2016 at community level with socioeconomic factors from the 2004 Census and with geolocalised luminosity from space. We also construct detailed ethnic/religious indicators. We use nighttime light intensity as a proxy for the population during the conflict and investigate the dynamics of the conflict with including past levels of the dependent variable
Bonnet, Maryline. "Evaluation de nouveaux outils diagnostiques de la tuberculose pulmonaire à l'échelle d'un centre de santé périphérique pour les pays à haute prévalence d'infection VIH et faibles revenus." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066356.
Full textJacquet, Frédéric. "Les stratégies participatives pour une promotion de la santé." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11009.
Full textFaye, Ousmane. "Place d’un programme de lutte pour la prise en charge des Maladies de peau courantes dans les pays en voie de développement : expérience du Mali." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066437.
Full textAzmeh, Chadi. "Le rôle de la libéralisation du commerce des services dans le développement économique : le cas des services financiers." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408079.
Full textAceves, Hernandez Francisco Javier. "Santé-Environnement-Développement. Technologies Environnementales Socialement Appropriées pour les Régions Tropicales. Une étude de cas au Chiapas, Mexique." Paris 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030116.
Full textThe socially appropriate environmental technologies set up with the active participation of : - the concerned community, - the scientific and technical counsellors, and - the local and national decision makers, can help to improve and to preserve : - the public health, the natural and artificial environment, and - the socio-economic-cultural development in the tropical regions
Camós, Daurella Daniel. "Essays on the electricity sector in developing countries." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0086.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the electricity sector in developing economies. This is an important sector given the well-documented contribution of high quality electricity services to economie growth and social welfare. Yet, today, 1. 2 billion people Worldwide lack access to electricity - half of them in sub-Saharan Africa. The sector is characterized by the high cost of electricity investments combined with the tight fiscal constraints often faced by developing countries' governments. In this PhD thesis, I focus on three specifie aspects that may not have received enough attention in the literature. The findings from these three chapters contribute to a better understanding of some aspects of electricity policies in the developing world. I do not attempt to provide a framework from which a unique recipes. The first chapter is called "Procuring the right supervisors for infrastructure investments in developing countries". The second chapter is called "Does size matter for performance? Evidence from Brazilian electricity distribution utilities". The third and last chapter is called "When and how does rural electrification increase labor supply?"
Guesmi, Amelle. "Le médicament à l'OMC : entre droits de brevets et enjeux de santé." Nice, 2008. https://www.stradalex.eu/fr/se_mono/search/MEDOMC.
Full textSometimes good, sometimes “health product” and/or “patentable object”, medicine often get away from free movement rules. On the multilateral side, the intellectual property right integration within the GATT stem from an unprecedented lobbying. Pharmaceutical industry has used the patent law in order to protect its investments. The antiretroviral drugs inaccessibility for developing countries well illustrates the health detrimental effect resulting from economic retention of pharmaceutical’s innovations. The knowledge diffusion between countries and between private and public sectors seems the only way for progress to be benefit of the humankind. In this respect, the WTO has a major role to play. A complete rethinking of its patenting system, which would value more human dimension of the protected object, promote a democratization of its internal functioning as well as of its relations with external actors, should enable an improvement of health world governance
Nguyen, Thi Thanh Binh. "Le système de règlement des différends de l'OMC : étude des enjeux pour les pays en développement." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40056.
Full textAhmad, Nizar. "Transposition des résultats de la recherche en santé dans les pays en voie de développement : l'exemple de la recherche sur le tabac et le VIH." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077034.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study of the implementation of the results of medical research in developing countries. The first objective was to evaluate systematic reviews in terms of the reporting of data related to the applicability of trial results (external validity or generalisability). The second objective was to compare where research is conducted to where research is needed. We focused on 2 public-health priorities, tobacco use and HIV infection. For first objective, we conducted a systematic review to assess the quality of description of information related to the applicability of the results of RCTs in systematic reviews. Our study highlighted the lack of consideration of applicability of results in systematic reviews of research into 2 public health priorities: tobacco consumption and HIV infection. For second objective, on the one hand, we identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included in Cochrane systematic reviews and registered ongoing RCTs identified through the WHO platform (WHC ICTRP) evaluating interventions aimed at reducing or stopping tobacco use and treating or preventing HIV infection to assess the countries in which research is performed. On the other hand, we used the WHO data mortality, global burden of disease, prevalence of smokers and people with HIV to determine the context in which research is needed. Our results highlight a major gap between the context where research is conducted and the context where research appears necessary. They also highlight an important underrepresentation of low- and middle-income countries in currently available evidence and awaiting evidence
Ba, Ndeye Lika. "The importance of financial development for infrastructures performance in developing countries : the case of the energy sector." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0063.
Full textThe main goal of this dissertation is to highlight the beneficial effects of financial development on the performance of infrastructure industries, hence on economic growth, in developing countries through a set of empirical analyses on the energy sector. In the first chapter, we find a gradual but positive and significant global effect of financial reforms on the overall size and liquidity of the sector. The second chapter assesses the extent to which the level of development of a country's financial sector draws private participation in energy projects financing. We find that a financial sector that offers proper financing solutions and risk-mitigating tools indeed contributes to improving private participation. Our findings also provide evidence that economic development, macroeconomic stability, country risk, and institutional development are significant determinants of a country's appeal to private investors. Putting together these results, the third chapter makes the hypothesis of the existence of a significant empirical link between the power and financial sectors reforms the effects of which are reflected in in the power sector's performance. We find that private participation and independent regulation have significantly improved power supply and operational efficiency. Interestingly, the effects of the unbundling of the sector and the creation of an autonomous regulator have been exacerbated by the development of the financial systems. These findings suggest that deeper and more liquid financial markets have eased access to long-term financing for operators allowing them to upgrade their networks and improve performance
Assani, Adjagbe. "La lutte contre le paludisme en Côte d'Ivoire : directives internationales et pratiques médicales (1948-1996)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H030/document.
Full textThe policies to fight diseases in general and malaria in particular since 1948 have met different forms in their implementation on a local scale. The example of the Côte d'Ivoire that this study has brought into light perfectly illustrates that point. From an "eradication of malaria" policy that ranges from 1955 to 1970 to a control of malaria since then, the fighting directives, which go along with the main health programs of international institution, have been variously implemented, at least as far as malaria is concerned. The reasons that account for this discrepancy between normative indications and therapeutical practices are both exogenous and endogenous. This study thus illustrates the contradictions between health policies decided upstream and their implementation downstream. It also helps to understand the major role of the World Health Organisation in its govemance in world health. But it does not ignore the huge and still remaining difficulties of health systems of developing countries such as the Côte d'Ivoire in spite of all the efforts undertaken by the WHO to deal with them
Tizio, Stéphane. "La coordination dans les économies en développemen : une contribution théorique à la régulation des systèmes de santé subsahariens." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE022.
Full textFiorentino, Marion. "Malnutrition chez les enfants d'âge scolaire et les adolescents au Sénégal et au Cambodge : problèmes de santé publique et interventions." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS089/document.
Full textUndernutrition causes long-term damages on the physical and cognitive development and half of deaths among children under 5 y. Most of the current interventions are concentrated on improving nutrition among young children and mothers. However, malnutrition is also prevalent among older children and adolescents, especially in Africa and in South-East Asia. It has adverse effects on their global development because of the high requirements in energy, protein and micronutrients resulting from growth and brain development spurts occurring these periods of life. Our research evaluated the prevalence of malnutrition and their determinants factors among school-aged children and adolescents in Senegal and Cambodia, as well as the effectiveness of micronutrient fortified food in schools in Cambodia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of ~ 600 children aged from 5 to 17 years from primary state schools of Dakar area, selected through a two-stage random cluster sample (30 schools × 20 children). Elevated rates of thinness (19%) and micronutrient deficiencies (iron 39%, iodine 33%, zinc 26%) were showed. The food consumption survey revealed insufficient micronutrients and energy intake, as well as contribution to total energy intake insufficient in proteins and excessive in lipids, which reveals poor conditions among school children in Senegal. In Cambodia, a cluster-randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial was conducted among 2400 children aged 6-16 y to measure the impact of fortified rice consumed during 6 months within the school feeding program of WFP on their micronutrient status and cognitive performance. Before the intervention, poor cognitive performance was associated to stunting, iron deficiency and parasite infestation. The growth was positively associated to zinc status, which was negatively associated to parasite infestation. Rice fortified with vitamin A improved vitamin A status and rice with the highest iron concentration had a positive impact on cognitive performance. Data from Senegal and Cambodia were analyzed to study indicators of malnutrition among school-aged children and adolescents. According to the WHO recommendations, we suggested mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) cut-offs to screen for acute malnutrition among children above 5 years in Cambodia (15.5 cm, 16.4 cm and 18.2cm in boys and 15.4 cm, 16.6 cm and 17.9 cm in girls aged 5-7.9y, 8-11.9 y, and 11-13.9 y). We confirmed the need to correct plasma concentrations of retinol-binding-protein and ferritin according to inflammatory status, and showed the interest of a similar correction for transferrin receptor, these corrections improving the estimation of prevalence of vitamin A and iron deficiencies in populations where inflammation is endemic. Undernutrition remains a public health issue among school-aged children and adolescents in Senegal and Cambodia. Determination of malnutrition in this age range could be improved by research on indicators taking into account intra variability populations, environmental factors and specific needs of these populations. School-based interventions like the one in Cambodia have positive effects on nutrition and development of children, advocating for extension of school feeding, including in disadvantaged urban areas. Distribution fortified food in existing school canteens is a cost-effective strategy to improve nutrition and health. More research and efforts should be shifted to the nutritional status of adolescent girls because of the risk of early childbearing, still commonly practiced in developing countries, and the importance of adequate nutrition during pregnancy. Investing in nutrition in this age range is an opportunity to consolidate the progress achieved in pregnant women and young children through a life-cycle approach and to optimize the development of next generations in developing countries
Gboyou, Djidjoué. "L'efficacité des instruments juridiques de protection du médicament contre la contrefaçon dans les pays développés et les pays en voie de développement : cas de la France et du Bénin." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR1011.
Full textDespite reinforcement in protection, notably with the agreement on the ADPIC instituted in 1994 in appendix to the Act on the creation of WTO, medication counterfeiting continues to expand, to the degree of becoming an internationally organized and structured activity. This suggests a gap in protection as well as a shortage of actions and judicial procedures to fight medication counterfeiting. Nonetheless, if a serious international market for medication counterfeiting exists, this situation reveals a supply offered to an existing, persisting and unmet demand. How then can we understand that despite a double protection provided by both the approval for market sale and the patent for industrial property which individualize the product in regards of common consumption, the medication could still be counterfeited, without the perpetrators being subjected to sufficient and dissuasive judicial sanctions? Especially when this involves dealing with a health product, connected directly to human life. The present study suggests that counterfeiting feeds on loopholes in the legal system applying to medication distribution, and can be explained by cultural and sociological factors. In addition, this study emphasizes the impact of rights for industrial property, especially the patent right, on its fraudulent copy. Indeed, by the depriving appropriation they put on the product and the accentuation of its induced merchandizing, the rights of industrial property contribute to make the product inaccessible to some population subgroups. Deprived from the ability to access it, and since one needs to heal in order to live, these subgroups turn to substitutive products, including counterfeited medications
Mazaudier, Eric. "Les soins de santé primaires : réflexions sur les difficultés rencontrées dans leur développement à partir d'une expérience en République du Congo." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23008.
Full textTapsoba, Hadissa. "Applicabilité internationale et généralisation transculturelle d'instruments de recueil de données pour l'évaluation des systèmes de santé bucco-dentaire." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN11312.
Full textBouanane, Ouafae. "La coopération sanitaire internationale." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR30016.
Full textThe principle characteristics of the world health situation are the lack of care facilities in the developing countries and the incontrolled escalation of medical coast in the developed world. The importance of health in the process of development is reflected in the establishment of international health cooperation. The instruments of institutional cooperation are the world wide and regional intergovernmental organizarions as well as non-governmental organizations such as the international red cross. Both intergovernmental as non-governmental organizations work towards improving health protection in their respective fields of activity on work together on common projects. This there is cooperation on a wide scall, directed and coordinated by the world health organization (who) within the framework of the united nations. The w. H. O. 's activities throughout the world prevention, medical research, technical assistance-are part of a long term programme: "health for all by the years 2000". The main objective of this programme is to improve acces to primary health care, intergovernmental cooperation-usually on a bilateral basis - is essentially achieved through trading relations - transfer of medical technology, staff training etc. . . More rarely it takes the form of aid grom developed countries to undeveloped countries. International healthe law, a body of rules having compul sory fore for states, is an important element of international healthe cooperation. On the one hand, the international red cross has established humanitariam law set forth in the geneva conventions aimed at protecting people in time of war; on the other, the who adopts regulations, hinding on states, within the scope of the powers conferred on it by its constitution
Loum-Neeser, N'deye fatou. "Les pays en développement et la brevetabilité des médicaments en matière de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA : étude de droit comparé sur les controverses actuelles concernant le rôle des brevets pharmaceutiques dans l'accès aux médicaments de traitement du VIH/SIDA des pays en voie de développement." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA034/document.
Full textIn developing countries, problems brought about by HIV/AIDS and inaccessibility of antiretrovirals (ARVs) are proving to be the cause of serious damages at all levels (demographic, political, social and economic). Within the context of the World Trade Organization, and in particular the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (“TRIPS Agreement”), a growing number of developing countries have integrated or are in the process of integrating into their national law an international standard of patent protection for pharmaceutical products and processes. Such integration continues to play a major role in the issue of access to medicines in developing countries. The conditions and effects of the protection regime respecting innovations give rise to heated debates between supporters of an increased patent protection and defenders of the access to essential medicines. One of the main motivations for our research is to provide a study that helps to find solutions that are both in favour of improving access to medicines and protecting innovation. The complex problem of access to ARV drugs in developing countries is influenced by the multidisciplinarity and interdependence of many factors. The patent system does not solve the problem on its own. However, it should be seriously considered in its function of balancing the private and collective interests. It is a valuable legal tool for the economic and technological development of the developing countries and to achieve the common interest against the pandemic
Kamewe, Tsafack Hugues. "L'épargne postale et le développement financier en Afrique subsaharienne : du financement de la dette de l'Etat à la réduction de la pauvreté." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2002/kamewe-tsafack_h_notice.
Full textThe dramatic collapse in domestic savings, investment and economic growth in African countries in the eighties and early nineties has re-emphasized the need to invigorating domestic savings mobilisation in order to pave the way for a sustainable economic development in Africa. This dissertation shows that, in most African countries, postal savings systems (savings and giro services) could play a vital role in providing nation-wide safe, accessible and reliable deposit facilities to the general public. Capitalising on the balanced retail network of post offices, postal savings systems could, indeed, minimise the costs of expanding their services and maximise their outreach to all segments of society and remote communities. Postal savings systems could therefore be a cost-effective mechanisms for mobilising poor-responsible people's savings, thereby reducing financial exclusion among women, urban and rural poor. Evidence from two surveys carried in Douala (Cameroon) and Dakar (Senegal) suggests that women and urban poor postal savings customers do trust in postal systems in protecting their savings, despite the existence of informal and semi formal banking practices (tontines, money guards, savings and credit cooperatives etc. ). Revitalising postal savings can invigorate economic development in Africa, however, only if Governments stop siphoning the deposits to finance budget deficits. The typical example of this situation has been Zimbabwe. Our empirical analysis shows that investing postal savings in Government securities had a 'crowding out' effect on private investment in this country. Although postal savings systems were at inception restricted in their operations, some have successfully been transformed into regulated banks. Instead of financing the Government deficits, postal savings should be re-directed towards meaningful development objectives, for instance to support rural/urban/women micro-credit programmes in order to impact on poverty reduction
Mousavi, Seyed Mohammad Amir. "L’abondance (dépendance) des ressources naturelles influence-t-elle l’accumulation de capital humain ? Les Ressources Naturelles sont-elles une Malédiction pour l'Education et la Santé ?" Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ0016.
Full textAs illustrated by the “Human Development Index” published by the United Nations and used by the World Bank, a society’s progress is often judged not just by its income, but also its human capital outcomes in education and health. It is therefore not surprising that, just as a large number of studies have asked whether natural resource dependence or abundance harms or helps a society’s income, a growing number of papers have separately asked if they harm or help a society’s accumulation of human capital. To date, however, no one has surveyed this body of research. This is what we attempt to do in the dissertation. This new survey then is followed by several empirical analyses and conceptual models to check whether the abundance/dependence of natural resources hurt/help or does not affect the accumulation of human capital. While the literature typically focuses on a national-level analysis of the resource curse, chapter two of this dissertation investigates the impact on the human capital of the abundance of petroleum resources in 28 provinces of Iran from 2000 to 2014. It also contributes to the literature by distinguishing between upstream and downstream impacts i.e. whether the effects of the oil and gas industry on human capital are associated mostly with extraction (upstream) or refining and distribution (downstream) activities. Second, the approach of the dissertation inclined from macro to the microeconomic view in chapter three. Although a growing body of literature studies the HCIF’s (Human Capital-Intensive Firms) boundary and governance, few try to focus on these firms when the abundance of resources is involved in the economy. Similarly, in resource curse literature much has been said about the natural resource effects on human capital, however, fewer studies have been conducted for the immigration of the talented students in the resource abundance countries and the potential impacts this might have on human capital. This gap inspired me to study the effect of oil rent, brain drain, and good governance on human capital in a set of countries listed in the Natural Resource Governance Index (NRGI) Report. 3. Overall, all the empirical analysis of this dissertation significantly confirms the curse of natural resource abundance/dependence for the accumulation of human capital, measured by different indicators of health and education. For example, regarding the case of Iran, the empirical results show that apart from the global crowding effect of natural resources on human capital, the provinces involved in both downstream and upstream oil activities have significantly lower levels of human capital compared to both oil-free provinces and provinces involved only in downstream oil activities. This suggests a double resource curse. We also find the same negative effects for a cross-section of 81 NRGI countries by estimating a system of multiple linear regression models, by using ordinary least squares (OLS). Another interesting result of this dissertation was the negative impacts of brain drain on the accumulation of human capital. Contrary, we find that the determinants of good governance show a significant and positive impact on human capital accumulation, indicating the important role of good governance in resource-abundant countries to harness the curse of oil abundance. Finally, the positive and significant coefficient of interaction term -in chapter four- between natural resource governance and oil rent (as a proxy for resource dependence) implies that natural resource good governance is one key to avoid the negative effect of resources on the accumulation of human capital
Bigdeli, Maryam. "Access to medicines in low- and middle-incomes countries: a health systems approach :conceptual framework and practical applications." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209036.
Full textJeanpierre, Haude. "Optimisation de l'expression du polyépitope [L4T4]2 de l'hémagglutinine du virus de la rougeole dans le tabac et étude de ses propriétés immunogènes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13157.
Full textSystemic vaccination against measles has significantly reduced the impact of this childhood disease all over the world. However, 800 000 children still die from measles in developing countries each year. The development of economic production methods for immunogenic proteins is an essential step in the eradication of the virus, as planned by the WHO for 2015. These methods should present a high native protein production efficiency, and also allow reduction of production and extraction costs. Precedent research works showed the possibility to produce both the hemagglutinin (H protein), and chimeric protein derived fron the HA in transgenic plants. Using agro-infiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, a significant increase in production of the [L4T4]2 polyepitope has been observed after fusion of the SF2 signal sequence. This signal sequence induces the protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum, and eventually its release into the lumen after signal sequence cleavage. ELISA analyses showed the protein was produced in its native conformation. Observation by electronic microscopy showed induction of spheric structures in which the [L4T4]2 polyepitope was stored. However, the presence of SF2 signal sequence inhibited the transgenic plant regeneration. Intraperitoneal injection of [L4T4]2 that had been produced in plants cells induced a measles specific immune response