Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Services de santé – Réforme – Suède'
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Guo, Ming. "Faire un marché à partir d'un État-providence : perspectives des politiciens locaux suédois sur la commercialisation des soins aux personnes âgées." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0139/document.
Full textMarket reforms have quite notably been used as a solution to increase the quality of public services and efficiency since the 1990s. Sweden has also introduced marketisation in the field of elderly care since 1992 to cope with increasing care needs while maintaining costs at a reasonable level. Yet, the introduction of a market mechanism in the welfare state is subject to increasing political and public debates. Many are sceptical about the purported benefits of a market, such as increased quality and reduced costs, as proposed by New Public Management. There have also been increasing critiques of the profit-making in care services in recent years.After two decades of marketisation, it is worthwhile to map out local politicians’ attitude patterns, namely, how they perceive the use of a market or quasi-market in a welfare state, where the market mechanism might challenge traditional principles such as universalism, solidarity, and equality. Complementary to studies on attitudes of public welfare, this research uses a unique survey dataset from 2014 to expand current understandings of politicians’ perspectives of marketisation.To be more specific, this study analyses three different aspects of marketisation: production, regulation, and financing. The results show that attitudinal differences between left- and right-wing politicians on private for-profit providers remain distinct. Political orientations of individuals, political majority in municipalities, and the privatisation level already achieved locally are identified as important factors in explaining local politicians’ willingness to privatise further. The preference differences continue to exist between the two blocs, and political ideology plays a major role in explaining these differences, more so than individual factors such as age, gender, or working position. Self-reported answers reveal that political ideology influences attitude formation. To a large extent, left- and right-wing politicians agree on welfare principles such as universalism, and they both recognise potential impacts that the market could have on society, such as inequality. It seems plausible that welfare state pluralism is the direction of the future.This case study serves as a solid example for examining the market development of public welfare in advanced welfare states and also contributes to the discussion of the potential role of political ideology in post-austerity welfare reforms
Ammar, Walid. "Système de santé et réforme au Liban." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28837.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the situation of nurses in Lebanon based on a long experience in this field in this country. We decide to seek the causes of this occultation and list the encountered problem. We have started in 1996 study that has shown that nurses in Lebanon belong to a young, single female population with a very short professional carrier averaging 5 years. Nurses live badly due work conditions described, as stressful and hard. The load is both physical and mental. The burn out syndrome affects the majority, of this group. Adding to their lifestyle, the lack of esteem to their not well defined profession. This social group was unable to find structures that will help him to be organized. The study helps us to identify the problems that impeach this group from having its well-defined identity. We were able to formulate four major causes : - The immaturity of the young nurses. - The lack of the elaboration of their specific science. - The lack of structure. Suggestions, that can help this social group to find it self and acquire a real identity, the structures that well help this group to be organized. The reorientation of teaching programs towards specific knowledge, consequently, towards an essential role able to health needs of the human being
Mounassib, Riyad. "La réforme du secteur de la santé au Maroc." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0888.
Full textThe health sector in Morocco has a dual expression: on the one hand, the interpretation of health indicators shows a notable improvement in the extension of social security coverage as well as the decreasing of infant and juvenile mortality. On the other hand, there is a persisting social and regional disparity, and health care inadequacies are numerous Taking up such challenges means getting involved in a process towards a comprehensive reform, and ignoring those issues would but delay and complicate the task. It is a fact that words and good intentions must now lead to acting, and that will not be successfully performed without research work focused on the study of the current reform machinery and the search for opportunities and measures capable of achieving the sector efficiency
Touam, Sami. "Le système de santé tunisien et la réforme de l'assurance-maladie." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10065.
Full textFor the last two decades, Tunisia has been going through a period of general economic adjustments with the market playing an increasingly key role and economic liberalism becoming more vocal. Against this novel macroeconomic context marked with both demographic and epidemiological transitions, the state has to reconsider its role and the ways it intervenes in the various sectors, including the health. The series of accounting reforms initiated in the 90's to counter the rise of health spendings notice d over the last few years, was badly convincing on both macro scale (5. 6% of the GDP in 2000 against 5. 3% in 1990) and micro scale since family contributions have been steadily growing to reach 49%. Reforms of the health system implemented over the last few years in aIl countries alike regardless of their respective organizations (beveridgian, bismarkien, or liberal. . . ) tackled, are still tackling and will be tackling the issue of financing the health system and the universalization of the heaIth coverage. Decentralization along with competition have been two key ideas that have underpined public health reforms over the last period. Could we benefit from foreign experiences as far as reform is concerne ? Could they serve as a model to follow when reforming our own system? This thesis will address these self-questions with the aim of setting up a model that takes into account the current economic, social, cultural and political contexts
Decostanzi, Arthur. "Le service public de santé de proximité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0495.
Full textThe realization of this right is guaranteed by the intervention of public authorities, which must act in the organization of the provision of care, as well as by the existence of social security mechanisms that allow access to healthcare that is not limited by social or geographical factors. The French system is today subject to strong tensions and uncertainties: growing inequalities in access to healthcare, compartmentalization in the organization of the health system, or the ageing of the population and the development of chronic diseases. The health system must evolve around a local public health service that is the only one able to satisfy the general interest of health protection. This objective requires a better structuration and coordination of healthcare activities between the different providers serving users in order to satisfy the requirement of equal access to quality care, transversal cooperation tools are designed to break with existing silos. The implementation of such a public service requires a clear and rational management capable of take into account territorial disparities. The emergence of regional health agencies in a territorialization phenomenon must be accentuated to meet the challenges of proximity. The regulatory means implemented still have to be renewed to respond to the challenge of health protection, the capacity of self-organisation left to the initiative of liberal professionals must be transformed into collaboration with all health providers, health administrations, health insurance, local authorities and users. All these measures permit the satisfaction of the essential trilogy of public services: equality, continuity, mutability
Sopadzhiyan, Alis. "La transformation du système de santé bulgare : la profession médicale comme acteur du changement." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G044.
Full textThis research deals with the transformation of the Bulgarian health care system after the introduction of a health insurance system at the end of the 1990's. We investigate the crisis the system is going through and the processes that underlie it with the help of the research tools offered by the public policy analysis and the sociology of the professions. Our main argument is that, in order to better understand their stake and show their complexity, it is necessary to consider the role played by the medical profession in the genesis of this change. The analysis of both the supranational and national factors of change and the role of the professional actor in the genesis of the health care reform highlights its content, temporality and trajectory. It demonstrates that the action of a small medical elite that largely orchestrated the reform is allso a source of ambiguities. This puts into question the legitimacy of the actors created by the reform and conditions its implementation. The processes of de-legitimization and re-composition inside and outside the medical profession undermine its capacity for collective action and limit the redefinition of the interaction frameworks. But, behind their highly conflicting nature, these dynamics announce the acceptance of the new institutional rules. Moreover, the new actors of the health care system use the tools introduced by the reform to reinforce their re-legitimization strategies by transforming them into ressources for their action. Again, the medical profession is a key player in these dynamics because, despite its low internal cohesion, it manages to federate the emerging elites able to carry the next steps of change
Pierru, Frédéric. "Genèse et usages d'un problème public : la "crise" du "système de santé" français, 1980-2004." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0055.
Full textImorou, Abou-Bakari. "Cliniciens versus santé publique : une analyse socio-anthropologique de la mise en œuvre d'une réforme sanitaire au Bénin." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0245.
Full textThe thesis in hand entitled through the link between clinic workers and those who are working out of clinics. The analysis has been carried out throughout the 1995 sanitary implementation concerning the national sanitary system organization. The reorganization is noticeable through the setting up of sanitary zones, new operational units, taking into account better health care, whether they curative, preventive or promotional. The three case of studies based on the implementation of sanitary zones allude difficulties related to independent and functional sanitary zones organization. Then, rise at different level of sanitary questions related to the personnel qualification, the management of financial establishment and other health centers, medicine selling, private cabinets, reference and non reference organization between different structures. The implementation of this reform focuses more and more on the public health emergency and its importance. People then prefer public health care than private clinics. This situation has impacts on the real way sanitary zones function. Patricians in health care centers and hospitals do not always accept health professional "injunctions" and the non functionality of sanitary zones are partly due to the conflict between coordinating physicians (public health) and zone hospitals leaders (clinicians). Though there is no mutual interaction between clinic owners concerned about their clinics survival and public health administration managers, they still remain the two main actors of the implementation of this reform in Benin
Clark, Nathalie. "La relation de confiance entre le médecin et son patient en droit civil québécois, impact de la réforme des services de santé et des services sociaux." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0017/MQ46720.pdf.
Full textZhang, Peng. "Analyse organisationnelle de la collaboration décideurs/chercheurs en soutien à la réforme du système de santé dans la région de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25621/25621.pdf.
Full textOganesyan, Ani. "Les réformes du système de santé en France et leurs impacts." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE0005/document.
Full textThe thesis provides an overview of theoretical approaches to health care systems reforming. It is aimed to solve the contradictions in the reduction and optimization of total expenditure on health and the increase in life expectancy and also the quality of life with an comprehensive analysis of main tools of reforming in health care system in France, as welle as to make the proposals using constructive French experience in reforming teh economic ans asministrative mechanisms of teh health care system in Russia
Davesne, Alban. "Trajectoires d'européanisation : une comparaison des usages de l'Europe dans le secteur de la santé en Suède et en France (1945-2015)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0045.
Full textThis PhD thesis, in the field of political science, offers to compare the Europeanisation of health policies in France and Sweden, in a historic and interactionist perspective. Since the 1990s, numerous studies have shown the growing significance of the European Union’s intervention in the health sector. However, few of them have looked at how the institutionalisation of European public action interplays with national health policy changes in a long-term approach. Based on the premise that health systems are strongly embedded in national settings and are organised along very different institutional models, the aim is to understand how the European dimension of health policies have been built and incorporated into national systems. The comparison between health policies in Sweden and France is justified on the one hand by the fact that each country represents one of the two main type of health systems existing in the European Union, the national health and national insurance system respectively; and on the other hand by the contrasting European histories of these two states, France being one of the founding members and Sweden having joined the EU at a later stage and with little enthusiasm. We can thus show on a long period of time, and for two different cases, that the effects of European integration cannot be reduced to European pressures on health systems that are more or less fit. By tracing the trajectories of Europeanisation of Swedish and French health policies on a long period, and for key issues for the national models regarding healthcare services (demography of health care professionals and patient’s choice) and public health (fight against cancer, tobacco and alcohol addictions), this dissertation shows that the Europeanisation of health policies results from the long-term political work of construction of domestic actors in interaction
Forti, Silvana. "Réformes, équité et droit à la santé en Amérique latine : Agendas, acteurs et alternatives au Honduras." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27336/27336.pdf.
Full textPierre-Jean, Pierre. "Modernisation de l'assurance maladie et développement des ressources humaines." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS017S.
Full textManagement Social Security in mind and practice with respect of these traditional goals: protect the population against disease and promote self management of this organization, effective today despite modernity
Hodonou, Germain. "Financement et décentralisation des systèmes de santé : quelles leçons peut-on tirer des expériences étrangères pour le cas français ?" Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA131008.
Full textThe world progresses. The health systems of OCDE make some reforms in order to satisfy efficaciously the needs of health of their populations. Fifteen systems are studied. The contries are classified in three systems: the national health system, the liberal health system and the insurance sickness system. Spain and Denmark belong to first group. The United states and Switzerland are in the second group. France and Germany are in the insurance sickness system. The national health system is essentially a state-sponsored mechanism. As for the insurance sickness system, it is financed above all with compulsory contributions from salaries. Nevertheless, this system is more and more financed from taxes. The national health plan and policies present the characteristics of health system. The decentralization marks a part of health systems: Denmark, Spain contrary to France. The priciples of new public management are the main examples forthe reforms. Their target is the cost containment in equity an for quality of cares. The decentralization of the health system, competition, denationalization, making subject to tax are the principal ways to improve the systems. The results of reforms are positive in Denmark and Spain for example. That is why, we propose the decentralization health system in France with competition between the regions. This competition will look after by public powers; otherwise, about hospital reforms, we evoke the contributions of the Economy of conventions to their financing and organization
Guedi, Yabe Mohamed. "La marchéisation du système de santé à Djibouti : impacts économiques et sociaux." Thesis, Littoral, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DUNK0318/document.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the economic and social impacts of the marketization health car system in Djibouti. Since the late 1970s, all developed countries and developing, although with health systems based on the principles and different institutional arrangements (forms of financing, degrees of decentralization, availability of resources, etc...), are faced with the same problem : finance in a period of slower growth, a highly inflationary health sector. Therefore, the majority of countries have implemented reforms to their health care system. Developed countries mainly proposed ad hoc measures, often dictated by the need to balance health accounts. However, the measures proposed by developing countries are moving towards reforms. Under pressure from international financial organizations in particular, developing countries will change their health system to a disengagement of the State. The results of this thesis clearly show that in Djibouti, even if the transfer of ownership which corresponds strictly to privatization is rare in the health sector, public ownership of health care facilities shall not relieve the people of the care expenses. The downward trend of state subsidies, for public institutions of care and greater financial autonomy granted to them often leads to intervene in the market as a business selling services products. This makes the mostly requested health services unaffordable for the majority of the people. The expected benefit of the marketization of the health system, is however, affected by Djibouti the low contributory capacity of households
Dokoui, Saturnin. "Systèmes de Santé dans la Caraïbe : Une étude des déterminants de la consommation médicale dans les petites économies insulaires de la Martinique et de la Guadeloupe." Antilles-Guyane, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AGUY0588.
Full textAit, Ouchannik Sadia. "Les mutations contemporaines de l'organisation des soins en santé mentale : répercussions sur les pratiques de soins psychiques et sur la subjectivité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0007.
Full textMultiple reforms aiming at modernizing the public utilities and controling in a better way their spending have gradually transformed the running and organization of public health institutions in our country. A complete overhaul according to the terms of the new hospital governance accompanied with the introduction of management tools stemmed from New Public Management has been carried out. This work is about the transformations of care organization in health care facilities. The study of the proceduralization of care practices allowed to bring to the fore the role of Evidence-Based Medicine in the enterprise of standardization in care systems. Effects of these management logics on the different registers of the intersubjective bond have been grasped, bringing out the forms they spread in group dynamics and teams instituted, with in the background the transformations of sociocultural meta-framework. A particular care has been attached to health managers'view considering the specificity of their task which set them at the crossroads of clinical, managerial and administrative dimensions. The analysis of clinical situations allowed to bring out the sight of the medicalization of psychological suffering and the extension of the concept of "psychic handicap". Transformations in the notion of psychic care have been confronted with mental health paradigm ; Michel Foucault's work has enable to show that mental health policy system are part of a mode of neoliberal governmental rationality framework
Fleury, Marie-Josée. "Impact de la planification régionale et des programmes régionaux d'organisation de services (PROS) sur la structuration de la réforme de la santé mentale au Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0013/NQ39743.pdf.
Full textLallouche, Samira. "Le système hospitalier algérien : une évolution nécessaire." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0018.
Full textTo describe a hospital system, it is to evoke the actors of this system and the relationships that exist between them. The Algerian hospital system consists mainly of the following elements; the public authorities (the state and the social security organizations), the establishments of health and population (the diseased).The existing relationships between the different hospital actors are the relationships between the state and public establishments of health and the relationships between the latter and the diseased.The hospital institution encounters a multitude of difficulty to meet the request of users regarding the health care delivery. The rigid relation, which exists between the state and the establishment of public health, has engendered constraints in different domains (organization, financing and management) which led to a dysfunction of the public health establishment. Before these constraints, it is urgent to undertake the necessary reforms.The contractualization is an effective procedure of changes support; it is a part of means to achieve the objectives of the hospital reform. Moreover, the improvement procedures of quality are strongly incited by the accreditation perspective. Furthermore, when we hope to realize the evaluation of actions in order to carry out the reforms, we are confronted by the information issue
Chatfield, Christopher. "La régionalisation sanitaire : réflexions sur un processus inabouti." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2D014/document.
Full textFrom the 1990’s health administration became part of a regionalization movement resulting in the setting up of the regional health agencies. These structures, and the methods adopted to reorganize the regional steering of health matters, marked the importing into the heath sector of the trends involved in the renovation of the French administrative machinery.Throughout the 20th century, the « territorialization » of the public policies followed the tempo of a two-step waltz, with a mix of « deconcentration » and decentralization. It is therefore possible to question the place given to thelocal authorities in the steering of regional health matters. The specific investment made by some authorities, such as the former Nord-Pas de Calais Region, raises further questions.After having observed the place given to the local authorities in the health architecture, we will look into the reasons for this, especially as regards the “Region”. In many respects the choices made do not appear to be in step with the legal and political dynamics on which decentralization, seen from a global standpoint, is based. We will try to understand the reasons behind this differential treatment of health issues, before looking ahead to what healthsector decentralization might be; i.e. in short, the completion of the health regionalization process
Musango, Laurent. "Organisation et mise en place des mutuelles de santé: défi au développement de l'assurance maladie au Rwanda." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211064.
Full textLe Rwanda a connu de nombreuses difficultés au cours des deux dernières décennies :la situation économique précaire, les guerres civiles, le régime politique défaillant, l’instabilité de la sous-région des Grands Lacs, la pandémie du VIH/SIDA ;tous ces bouleversements ont plongé le pays dans l’extrême pauvreté. Au lendemain de la guerre et du génocide, le ministère de la Santé avec l’appui de différents partenaires a canalisé tous ses efforts dans la reconstruction du système de santé. Une meilleure participation communautaire à la gestion et au financement des services de santé était un des objectifs retenus dans cette reconstruction du système de santé. Pour ce faire, le ministère de la Santé, en partenariat avec le PHR (Partnership for health reform) a mis en place des mutuelles de santé « pilote » dans trois districts sanitaires (Byumba, Kabgayi et Kabutare) sur les 39 districts que compte le pays. L’objectif du ministère de la Santé était de généraliser ce système d’assurance maladie après une évaluation de ce projet pilote. Cette initiative de mise en place des mutuelles s’est heurtée au début de sa mise en œuvre à différents problèmes :le faible taux d’adhésion, les problèmes de gestion de la mutuelle, une faible implication des autorités de base dans la sensibilisation, une mauvaise qualité de soins dans certaines formations sanitaires, une utilisation abusive des services par les mutualistes, etc. Malgré ces problèmes d’autres initiatives de mise en place de mutuelles de santé ont vu le jour et continuent de s’implanter ici et là dans les districts sanitaires du pays. Dans le souci de renforcer cette réforme de financement alternatif par les mutuelles de santé, nous avons évalué l’impact des mutuelles sur l’accessibilité aux soins et le renforcement de la participation communautaire aux services de santé et nous avons proposé des voies stratégiques susceptibles d’améliorer le fonctionnement des mutuelles de santé.
Méthodologie
Pour atteindre ces objectifs de recherche, nous avons combiné trois approches différentes :la recherche qualitative qui a permis d’une part, d’analyser le processus de mise en place des mutuelles de santé au Rwanda et d’autre part, de recueillir les opinions des bénéficiaires de services de santé sur ce processus. Ensuite la recherche quantitative nous a permis d’étudier les caractéristiques des membres et non-membres des mutuelles et l’utilisation des services de santé ;enfin la recherche action nous a permis d’expérimenter les axes stratégiques susceptibles de renforcer le développement des mutuelles de santé.
Cette approche méthodologique utilisée tout au long de notre travail de terrain a mené à une « triangulation méthodologique » qui est une combinaison de diverses méthodes de recherche. Dans chacune des méthodes citées, nous avons utilisé une ou plusieurs techniques :analyse de documents, observations et rencontres avec des individus ou des groupes, analyse et compilation des données de routine.
Résultats
Les résultats clés sont synthétisés selon les trois types de recherche que nous avons menés.
1. Processus de mise en place des mutuelles de santé au Rwanda et opinions des bénéficiaires
Dans les trois districts pilotes (Byumba, Kabgayi et Kabutare), les mutuelles de santé prennent en charge le paquet minimum d’activités complet offert au niveau des centres de santé. À l’hôpital de district elles couvrent :la consultation chez un médecin, l’hospitalisation, les accouchements dystociques, les césariennes et la prise en charge du paludisme grave. Pour bénéficier de ces soins une cotisation de 7,9 $ EU ($ des États-Unis) par an pour une famille de sept personnes est demandée, puis 1,5 $ EU par membre additionnel et 5,7 $ EU pour un célibataire. Le ticket modérateur est de 0,3 $ EU pour chaque épisode de maladie et la période d’attente d’un mois avant de bénéficier des avantages du système de mutualisation.
Des entretiens en groupes de concertation (focus groups) nous ont permis de confirmer que la population connaît l’intérêt des mutuelles de santé et qu’elle éprouve des difficultés pour réunir les fonds de cotisations pour adhérer aux mutuelles.
L’analyse critique du processus de mise en place des mutuelles dans les trois districts pilotes nous a permis de conclure que les autorités locales et les leaders d’opinions étaient peu impliqués dans le processus de mise en place des mutuelles et que la sensibilisation était insuffisante. L’appui au processus de mise en place par le PHR a été jugé insuffisant en termes de temps (18 mois) et de formation de cadres locaux qui devraient assurer la poursuite de ce projet. Les défaillances évoquées ont alerté le ministère de la Santé, qui a mis en place un comité de mise en place et de suivi des mutuelles de santé. Depuis ce temps, on observe une émergence des initiatives mutualistes. Le pays compte actuellement 21 % de la population totale qui possède une certaine couverture (partielle ou totale) d’assurance maladie.
2. Caractéristiques des membres et non-membres des mutuelles de santé et utilisation des services de santé par la communauté
Il a été constaté que la répartition selon le sexe, l’état civil et le statut professionnel des membres et non-membres de la mutuelle les caractéristiques ne diffèrent pas significativement entre les adhérents et les non-adhérents à la mutuelle de santé (p > 0,05). Parmi les membres, les proportions des ménages avec revenus élevés sont supérieures à celles observées chez les non-membres (p < 0,001). Quant à la « sélection adverse » que nous avons recherchée dans les deux groupes (membres et non-membres de la mutuelle), nous avons constaté que l’état de morbidité des membres de la mutuelle ne diffère pas de celui des non-membres (p > 0,05). Les personnes qui adhèrent à la mutuelle de santé s’y fidélisent au fil des années (> 80 %) et fréquentent plus les services de santé par rapport aux non-membres (4 à 8 fois plus pour la consultation curative et 1,2 à 4 fois plus pour les accouchements). Les non-membres ont tendance à fréquenter les tradipraticiens et à faire l’automédication. Bien que les mutualistes utilisent plus les services de santé que les non-mutualistes, ils dépensent moins pour les soins.
3. Axes stratégiques développés pour renforcer les mutuelles de santé
Pour mettre en place les stratégies de renforcement des mutuelles de santé, cinq types d’actions dans lesquelles nous avons joué un rôle participatif ont été menés.
D’abord la stratégie initiée pour faire face à l’exclusion sociale :il s’agit de l’entraide communautaire développée dans la commune de Maraba, district sanitaire de Kabutare. Ce système d’entraide, nommée localement ubudehe (qui signifie « travail collectif » en kinyarwanda), assure un appui aux ménages les plus pauvres selon un rythme rotatoire préalablement établi en fonction du niveau de pauvreté.
Une autre stratégie est celle du crédit bancaire accordé à la population pour pouvoir mobiliser d’un seul coup le montant de cotisation. Cette stratégie a été testée dans le district sanitaire de Gakoma. Un effectif de 27 995 personnes, soit 66,1 % du total des membres de la mutuelle de ce district ont souscrit à la mutuelle de santé grâce à ce crédit bancaire.
Les autorités politiques et des leaders d’opinions ont été sensibilisés pour qu’ils s’impliquent dans le processus de mise en place des mutuelles dans leurs zones respectives. Il a été constaté que les leaders d’opinions mobilisent plus rapidement et plus facilement la population pour qu’elle adhère aux mutuelles de santé, que les autorités politiques. Cette capacité de mobiliser la population est faible chez les prestataires de soins.
Certaines mesures ont été proposées et adoptées par les mutuelles de santé pour éviter les risques liés à l’assurance maladie. Il s’agit de l’adhésion par ménage, par groupe d’individu, par association ou par collectivité ;l’exigence d’une période d’attente avant de bénéficier des avantages des mutualistes ;l’instauration du paiement du ticket modérateur pour chaque épisode de maladie ;les supervisions réalisées par les comités de gestion des mutuelles de santé et les équipes cadres de districts ;l’utilisation des médicaments génériques ;le respect de la pyramide sanitaire et l’appui du pouvoir public et/ou partenaire en cas d’épidémie. Ces mesures ont montré leur efficacité dans l’appui à la consolidation des mutuelles de santé.
Enfin, l’« Initiative pour la performance » est la dernière stratégie qui a été développée pour renforcer les mutuelles de santé. Elle consiste à inciter les prestataires à produire plus et à améliorer la qualité de services moyennant une prime qui récompense leur productivité. Les résultats montrent que les prestataires de services ont développé un sens entrepreneurial en changeant leur comportement vis-à-vis de la communauté. Certaines activités du PMA (paquet minimum d’activités) qui n’étaient pas offertes ont démarré dans certains centres de santé (accouchement, stratégies avancées de vaccination, causeries éducatives, etc.). Des ressources supplémentaires ont été accordées aux animateurs de santé, aux accoucheuses traditionnelles et aux membres de comités de santé qui se sont investis plus activement dans les activités des centres de santé. L’intégration des services a été plus renforcée que les années précédentes.
Conclusions
Les mutuelles de santé facilitent la population à accéder aux soins de santé et protègent leurs revenus en cas de maladies.
Le modèle de mise en place des mutuelles de santé au Rwanda est de caractéristique dirigiste :à partir des autorités (politiques, sanitaires ou leaders d’opinions). Il ne serait pas le plus adéquat dans la participation communautaire, mais plutôt adapté à un contexte politique de reconstruction d’un pays.
Doctorat en Santé Publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Petitfour, Laurène. "Potential for improvement of efficiency in health systems : three empirical studies." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD012/document.
Full textIn the perspective of the third Sustainable Development Goal ("Good Health and Well-being"), it is necessary to increase financial resources for health in low income countries, but also to ensure that those resources are optimally allocated. To this purpose, efficiency measures appear as a useful tool to assess the performance of healh systems at the macroeconomic level, or of health facilities as the microeconomic level to get "more health for the money" (WHO,2010). Through its four chapters, this thesis provides some empirical evidence to the assessment of the efficiency of health system.The first chapter is a methodological review of nonparametric efficiency measures, used in the three empirical studies that follow. The second chapter assesses the efficiency of a sample of 120 low and middle income countries over the 1997/2014 period. Production function is defined as health expenditures producing health outcomes (maternal and juvenile survival). It concludes that, for the same health outcomes, countries could spend more than 20\% for the same health outcomes, and that inefficiency increases with the level of development of coutries. The last two chapters are case studies. The third one focuses on Township Health Centers in Weifang, Shandong province, China, relying on survey data. It highlights the potential for performance improvement and the role of demand side determinants and of the share of subsidies in incomes to explain efficiency scores. The fourth chapter deals with the efficiency of primary healthcare facilities in Ulan-Bator, Mongolia. It concludes that efficiency could be spurred by about 30\%. Demand side factors are positively associated to efficiency, but low levels of staff remuneration, as well as a suboptimal balance between medical and non-medical staff seem to hinder activity and efficiency of health facilities
Martin, Pascal. "Les métamorphoses de l'État social : la réforme managériale de l'assurance maladie et le nouveau gouvernement des pauvres." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0077.
Full textBetween 1995 and 2008 the reform of the health insurance system in France deeply transformed the social state. From the apex of the state downwards various apparatuses (institutional structures, training programs, work organization) induced new (or renewed) thought categories and practices that penetrated the representations and work of institutional agents. The role of the state was reinforced and managerial policies incorporating a new governance system were introduced. In the course of this transformation, the training programs aimed at different categories of agents were reformatted to fit both the new political orientations of the health system and the discourse of "quality service" with its managerial tools. The implementation in January 2000 of a universal health coverage programme called CMU (Couverture Maladie Universelle), the aim of wich was to protect precarious populations, has been empirically observed. The influx of "assisted" population groups claiming CMU or AME (state medical aid for certain foreign populations) benefits led to a reorganisation of the system, evidence in the way in wich users of the health system are treated at the reception at local level. The managerial rationalisation allowed a classification of users ranging from "good" insured clients to the "assisted" and the imposition of strictly quantitative objectives (norms of "quality"), rationalised work time and work organisation measuring such items as "client" time spent in waiting lines on the length of interviews. At the same time, however, arbitration over the attribution of conditional CMU or AME coverage was left to the discretionary appreciation of health service employees
Hounsou, Christelle Fifaten. "Les recompositions de la profession médicale en temps de globalisation et de néolibéralisme économiques : analyses à partir des mobilités internationales de médecins originaires d'Afrique de l'Ouest." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC148.
Full textIn the globalized neoliberal regime, belonging to a professional group is no longer a protection that ensures all members, social prestige and comfortable incomes. That is what can be learned from 31 biographical interviews conducted with French-speaking West African physicians (MoAO) between 2009 and 2015. The category MoAO, built for the needs of the study, refers to physicians born in a French-speaking African countries in south of the Sahara where they have attended primary, secondary and university training. Then they have migrated temporarily or permanently to another country to acquire a initial training in medicine, either to specialize. The MoAO are treated as study case. They highlight the complexity and multiplicity of social and economic developments that force the sociology of the medical profession to update its conceptual and theoretical tools. Several hypotheses are explored in this regard. Medical professionalism covers interrelated processes of acquisition of professional knowledge through training and individualization of professional careers, beyond commonly considered standards. Thus, self- construction of curricula and diversification of medical training paths, favored by the internationalization of higher education’s market, are described. Similarly, the rampant privatization of medical training in Africa challenges the myth of the autonomy of the medical profession. In Benin and Senegal, this accompanies the disengagement of the States, giving an increasingly predominant place to international organizations in the elaboration and implementation of health programs, to supranational institutions for the development of training curricula and medical training accreditation, to the private structures for the provision of health care and services. The thesis then focuses on the modes of professional integration of MoAOs in France. The French State itself has violated the monopoly granted to French professionals with a French diploma on te medical work market, by organising the recruitment of "unauthorised" foreign doctors. MoAOs represent only a fraction of the practitioners with a degree from outside the European Union. But their experience allow to initiate a necessary reflection on the division of medical work (between nationals and foreigners in particular), as well as on the recognition issues related to conflicts at work, and to the migration itself
Brunn, Matthias. "Idées globalisées, défis nationaux : l’introduction du Disease Management et du paiement à la performance en France et en Allemagne." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV020/document.
Full textHealth systems in many welfare states are undergoing important transformations, triggered by increasing budgetary pressures and characterized by the growing role of market and rationalization measures. In this context, France and Germany have introduced disease management (DM) programs to deliver more structured patient care and pay-for-performance (P4P) measures to provide financial incentives for providers meeting certain objectives.These reforms, which reflect the increasing role of the State in both statutory health insurance systems, were inspired by Anglo-Saxon models but translated in distinct ways, owing to differences in the two countries’ systems. In Germany, DM and P4P were based on increasing competition between sickness funds and between hospitals, while in France these reforms reflected a shift by its central insurance system “from payer to player”.The positioning of the medical profession vis-a-vis these new instruments of governance, which are hierarchical in nature and impose stronger public accountability, was a key issue in both France and Germany. The negotiation processes were accompanied by a growing disconnect between physician representatives and their memberships in both countries, despite significant differences in the way physicians are traditionally integrated into health system regulation
Saïdou, Hamadou. "Pauvreté, paludisme et réformes des systèmes de santé en Afrique : trois études appliquées au Cameroun." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED003/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with poverty, malaria and health system reforms in Africa. It is motivated by persistently high levels of social inequality, prevalence and mortality related to malaria in sub-Saharan Africa in a context characterized by widespread use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) and the implementation of innovative reforms in health system. We focused on three cases studies applied to Cameroon. Since 2012, the country has been experimenting the Performance Based Financing (PBF) approach in its health system. We used data from the PBF impact assessment surveys conducted in this country in 2012 and 2015.Our results show first that the households’ low level of standard of living predisposes its members under 5 to malaria. Secondly, we find that the malaria shocks, very frequent for children under 5 years, affect negatively the mothers. Thirdly labor supply. We find that the reforms introduced by PBF have a significant and positive impact on the therapeutic use in case of malaria of children under 5 in Cameroon, especially among the poor children and in rural areas.The results obtained could guide endemic sub-Saharan countries in the implementation of the new roadmap for the achievement of sustainable development goals, formulate consistent policies against malaria and against poverty
Davtian-Valcke, Hélène. "Fratrie et schizophrénie : problématique de la coexistence sous le toit familial." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100042/document.
Full textRecent developments in contemporary psychiatry are underlined by an important change involving families as caregivers. As a consequence, more and more brothers and sisters live with their diseased sibling. This research project follows a previous research and action project involving 600 siblings of psychotic patients. This work follows a comprehensive approach that gives central focus to experience and qualitative analysis of cases.Research allows us to better understand the specific nature of schizophrenic impact on siblings that are fearful of contamination, psychic infectiousness and its influence. We need to take into account those 3 dimensions in order to develop information as well as proper follow-up for brothers and sisters.Research also allows us to identify conjoined mirror imaging between the patient and his siblings. When not too strong, this mirror imaging can represent a danger on the siblings as well on the patient himself who can see himself as a potential threat for the rest of the group.This dynamic can lead to radical movements of separation or bonding between brothers and sisters but also as a fall-back for the patient. On the other hand, if this mirror imaging is well supported by siblings, it can generate insight by the patient on his own condition and become a strong therapeutic adjunct.When co-habitation situations are trivialised, mirror imaging can become stronger. It is therefore important to consider everybody that lives under the same roof as the patient as he is discharged.Research shows that proper support of siblings relationships in cohabitation situations can lead to benefits not only on the preventive side for the siblings, but on the therapeutic side for the patient
Costin, Maria. "Qualité et modernisation du management hospitalier public, une comparaison Franco-Moldave des grands hôpitaux : Vers une réflexion stratégique de l'organisation hospitalière." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA131007.
Full textThanks to the new perspectives linked to the independence of 1991, the management of the health system is finally confronted to international norms. In spite of restricted means, the representatives for Moldovan health have to find modern methods of management, to ameliorate the quality of medical care. In France, the hospital reforms centered on the workmanship of the expenses of health and the modernization of the tools of management allowed to identify other problems such as: the quality and security of care, the rights of the patients and the content of the users. To better meet the needs of patients it is not enough to make important means available to the different medical services, but to bring about real efficiency for the patients. In this context, that amounts to bringing some change in the mode of administration of hospital business towards a culture of management where the research of performance becomes the rule. The improvement of the medical services passes through the modernization of the system of management. It is under conditions, that we are led to offer a managererial approach of 5 functions (organization of work, motivation, training, automatization and auto-evaluation) which structure the manager frame of hospitals, with regard to the complexity hospital activities. These 5 pillars will allow the managers to have a view of the tasks and priority missions to be fulfilled
Lapierre, Vincent. "L'accès à la santé dans un cadre de pauvreté extrême : le cas de la Colombie et du Vénézuela." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870575.
Full textBoutin, Cécile. "Le systeme de santé irlandais de 1947 à 1987." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA171.
Full textBetween the birth of the Ministry of Health in 1947 and 1987, has Ireland managed to jump on the bandwagon of health and welfare for its people? True enough, more and more money was poured into healthcare year after year and the results were indisputable if one focuses on the various health indicators. Ireland quickly managed to get rid of tuberculosis, for instance...The very notion of healthcare changed a lot during the period. It used to focus on curing the sick, and gradually gave more and more importance to prevention, regarding the patient as a full-fledged person with a whole series of social facets.Still, healthcare for the people also implies eligibility and equality of treatment for all, which has not always been the case – the classic reproach against the Irish healthcare system being that it is a two-tier system, the holders of a medical card being in fact discriminated against by a system which allows those who do not benefit from free access to it to actually enjoy a better service together with shorter waiting lists.In order to analyse the way the Irish system functioned in 1987, forty years after its birth, this PhD attempts at deciphering the imprint History had left on its infrastructures (hospitals, for instance) and on its administrative structures.The next step consists in studying the evolution of the system, which was slow and hindered by various forces fighting against change (like the catholic Hierarchy or the doctors).Finally, our study highlights the impact of Ireland’s EEC membership and the country’s stance in the great debate of the eighties over the notion of welfare crisis, stemming from the economic conservative ethos that prevailed at the time
Cazauran, Jean Marie. "Trajectoires des acteurs et des structures dans l'organisation d'un système de santé en Dordogne de 1803 à 1939." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30007.
Full textConsidering the important place of health in our contemporary society, this work will focus on the study of the transition from an « Ancien Régime » health system to the current system, in a rural department such as the Dordogne. In 1803, the first laws were created to establish medical and pharmaceutical monopolies to lead, in 1939, to the main elements of our current system. The evolution of the system is a consequence of the meeting of the demands for health and well-being of ever-widening populations and the provision of health care by individuals becoming more professional. In the 19th century (Part I), medical doctors eliminated competition (health officers, quacks and other health care providers) and found their real place in society (epidemics, hygiene, social life). Pharmacists moved from manufacturing and selling simple products to the selling of increasingly industrial medecine and other parapharmacy products. Midwives and congregational sisters were either assistants or rivals. The demand for healthcare came from more and more different social groups and for more and more varied illnesses. The needy were taken care of by charitable offices, beggars’homes and hospital-hospices which were in growing numbers, expanding their clientele outside of indigence. In the 20th centuty (Part II) the system oscillated between liberalism defended by health providers (trade unionism) and statism to improve the health of increasingly large populations. The medical specialization appeared and the pharmacists, comforted by their monopole, became a part of a capitalist system. The State’s social mission was carried out through the organization of public health by geographical departement, through the opening of dispensaries and through the passing of laws (free medical aid, assistance to the elderly, infirm and disabled, industrial accidents, workers’ and peasant farmers’ pensions, etc.). Charitable offices seemed inadequate. The specialization of hospital structures took place, hospitals received patients and the fight against scourges (tuberculosis, syphilis) mobilised the authorities and carers. Advances in surgery made it possible to open private surgical clincs in the cities. The financing of the system (Part III) involved three modes : private charity and its corollary public assistance, foresight with the Mutual Aid Societies and solidarity in the form of Social Insurance. Until now, no system has supplanted the others and the coexistence of the three is one of the characteristics of the French Health System
Dussault, Patrick. "Les manifestations aux hôpitaux Christ-Roi et Chauveau comme pratiques de lobbying populaire dans le cadre de la réforme de la santé dans la région de Québec en 1995, normes, métaphores et symboles dans l'analyse de l'ordre politique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/MQ43824.pdf.
Full textPerrin, Faouzia. "Les réformes en santé en 2004 et en 2014 : nouvelle grammaire du discours ou re-fondation du système de santé français?" Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH009/document.
Full textThe repeated and persistent appearance of issues related to the Health System crisis on every political agenda justifies the interest of political science in this field of research.As the 2004 reform’s bottom line was a strong affirmation that only the government can be legitimately responsible for health policy -a statement still favored by recent reforms- numerous official speeches about the last year’s reform contain a new language, using the “ territorialisation” and “gouvernance ” words.In fact, “territorialisation” as an answer to the Welfare State crisis, and “gouvernance” as an answer to the crisis in the ways of State governing, are both well-known Political Science subjects.Yet, the health crisis is not purported to be a political issue, but due to economics rather, mainly a functional and organizational one. As a consequence, matching solutions are usely thought in an economic and administrative way.Using cognitive and pragmatic approaches, our study neither aims at defining the terms of said crisis, nor justifying its presence on the political agenda. Rather, it addresses the solutions that are brought forward in the so-called ‘reform factory’ that are political speeches, as they have the power to legitimate deciding actors or their action.The first step taken in our method will consist in reporting bibliographic references for a political and historical deconstruction of the French health system, as well as analyzing the ‘health’ concept, in order to describe the cognitive framework of health policy. Special attention vill be paid to decentralization et public health.Then, these categories should prove to be helpful to study the current trends in the 2004 and 2014 periods of health reform in a discursive analysis, as we intend to do.To further investigate health reform manufacturing, we will focus on the new themes observed in these speeches : « gouvernance » et health democracy.Our thesis is that, through the language at play among these actors, there is a semantic fight loaded with power challenges to the State role in health Policy and therefore in the place ought to be given to the various actors in health public Policy. Finally, throw reforms, a new public for democracy came forward and new issues, that are principles and goals of health policy, appeared
Stefanova, Deyana. "Le rôle de la notion de service public dans l'organisation du système de santé en droit français." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0273.
Full textSince the 1970s, the notion of public service has been conceived as the basis of the health system in French law. However, this notion has not become an integral part of city care services within the scope of the health system. At the same time, the concept of the hospital system, which refers to the coordination of the entire supply of hospital care by the state, was constructed outside the spectrum of the concept of public service. This leads us the to observe the failure of the notion of public service as the basis of the health system in French law. Since the 2000s, the emergence of the concept of the health system in domestic health law, as well as the influence of European Union law on the design of public service in the field of social and health services, have led to the renewal of the role of the public service in the domain of health. Public service then gradually became an instrument for organizing the health system through its legal regime. In this sense, the reintroduction of the concept of public health service, operated by the Touraine law of January 26, 2016, appears paradoxical. The shift to an exclusively functional public service approach in health involves defining and building "service to the public" missions within the health system
Vinçotte, Edouard. "Serious Games, une analyse par les scripts de coproduction de service. Le cas des activités de soins dans les hôpitaux." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED081.
Full textService co-production is an essential aspect of service production theories, even more with the advent of mass customization and the notion of customer as a partial employee. One of the tools that allows organizations to influence the co-production of services are the scripts and more specifically the service’s scripts. Some of the researches carried out in the field of co-production of service focus on the client’s training so that the organization knows what it can expect from him and vice versa. This research is particularly carried out in the health sector and the co-production of care. Among the tools available to the organizations, we focus on the serious games, which are video games for informative and pedagogical purposes. Our work questions the properties and the contexts in which serious games can be vehicles for the scripts of care to the patients, before and during their nursing and treatment.To do so, we offer a comprehensive script-based analysis grid to show how serious games can translate and encapsulate managerial goals based on the study and analysis of 4 cases each representing a specific aspect of co-production of care
Soto, Iguarán Carlos. "L'articulation multidimensionnelle de la segmentation du travail et de la protection sociale : le cas de l'assurance maladie en Colombie." Paris 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509947.
Full textTissioui, Mohamed. "La dynamique du processus de structuration des métiers dans un contexte d'innovation : Cas des métiers de soins médicaux." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN0669.
Full textLagasnerie, Grégoire de. "Trois essais en économie de la santé sur la régulation de la demande de soins de ville s'appuyant sur la méthode de micro-simulation." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0093.
Full textThis thesis sheds light on various issues in health economics (reimbursement system of care, sensitivity of the demand for health care prices , prediction of the dynamics of care expenses ) through the technique of micro -simulation. This thesis is composed of three articles. The first two articles of this thesis contribute to improved understanding of the mechanism related to the regulation of health care demand through the reimbursement system. The last article analyzes the evolution of the demand for care in the medium and long term. The first article focuses on the analysis in term of equity and hedging of reform of the reimbursement system of healthcare services in France. The second article examines the implications for health insurance and the insured of changes in consumption behavior of insured following a reform of the reimbursement system of cafe in France. The third article, from the study of different methods of projections in the economic literature analyzes the dynamic of outpatient healthcare expenditure related to the ageing population
Jolly, Charlotte. "La théorisation des innovations au sein de la méta-organisation expérimentale et créative (MOEC) : étude de cas dans le champ de la santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1080.
Full textFor several years the health system experiencing significant changes, including how to "take care". The originality of the research is to analyze the theory of processes through the prism of social innovation in a favorable space to innovation, which is a specific organized form: the Meta-Organization Experimental and Creative (MOEC). The theorizing process is few studied and the research objectives are to enrich the literature of theoretical and empirical contributions. In this sense, this research work is to show the importance of theorizing in the institutionalization of innovation and the role of MOEC to initiate and support innovation. The research focuses on innovations developed by a plurality of actors from the field of health (health and medico-social), which gather in an open space (Shared space of public health), initiated by University Hospital of Nice. The research work is divided into four parts. The first part presents theoretical framework and links the three research subjects, "theorizing", "social innovation" and a "space for innovation : Meta-organization". They are well structured : how theorizing initiates and supports innovations in an experimental meta-organization and creative ? The second part presents the search field and the methodology used, including the epistemological choices. Given the research question, the focus is placed on three innovations developed by the EPSP : the project "Health sports seniors Saint-Roch" (4S), the "30 recommendations for retirements homes of the 21st century” and the “Center support social health (C3S)”. The third part presents the analysis of results from our different observations
Fieschi-Bazin, Élisabeth. "Les outils de régulation de l’offre en matière sanitaire et médico-sociale : les apports et prolongements de la loi HPST." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40063.
Full textThe HPST Law (Hospital, Patients, Health and Territories), adopted on the 21st July 2009 and the texts which followed her, profoundly changed the regional system of governance of the offer in health, renewed end perfected its legal equipment. This “micro-legal” study examines the regulatory tools of the sanitary and medico-social offer, introduces their modifications, analyses their logic and the challenges lifted by the realization of the objective of this reform : improve the efficiency and the performance of the offer in health.A reform of the governance tools : based on a global and unified regional power, on sequenced processes of dialogue to rationalize the interventions of all the actors of the regional system of health. A reform of the tools of control, to improve the selection criteria of the offer and the evaluation of its efficiency. A consecration and development of the contractual processes to rationalize the allocation of the public financing, give responsibilities to the producers of care and adapt the offer in health. A development of the tools of cooperation, to reform the public service and the public hospital, to reorganize the medico-social offer, to change the practices of the healthcare professionals and to develop a new public vision of the offer, structures around the primary care.This Analysis reveals an ambitious and complex system, a reinforcement of the role of central government but also recourse to neoliberal table
Gay, Renaud. "L'Etat hospitalier : réformes hospitalières et formation d'une administration spécialisée en France : (années 1960 - années 2000)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH014.
Full textThe « neoliberal statization » of French hospital system is a well-established paradox that our research reexamines through two ways. The first one is historical. It consists in studying managerial reformism which emerged in the 1960s, whereas most investigations are focused on policies implemented after the 1980s. The second one is organizational. The statization is to be understood less as proliferation of norms and procedures in hospitals than as the formation and the stabilization of public specialized organizations. At the intersection of the policy analysis and the sociology of administration, this study focuses on how hospital reforms can contribute to the definition, the consolidation and the recognition of a political-administrative center in a sociohistorical perspective. Our main hypothesis is that hospital reforms crystallize three interconnected processes which underpin the institutionnalization of a specialized administrative organization called the Hospital State. Firstly, reforms support the redistribution and concentration of administrative prerogatives on hospitals within one single organization (process of monopolization). Secondly, they help increase the capacities of this organization that in turn strengthen its autonomy from other agents (process of autonomization). Thirdly, they generate and rely on specialized knowledge that justifies state interventions (process of legitimation). Our historical observation of reform activities leads to outline three temporal sequences. These reveal an uneven continuity of these processes and their unequal articulation depending on historical periods. If reforms contribute to forging a relative autonomous Hospital State, its organizational boundaries and its principles of legitimation are far from being stabilized. Our investigation is based on various materials : records from administrative and private organizations ; interviews with minister’s advisers, senior civil servants and experts of the Ministry of Health ; grey literature (administrative and expert reports, ministerial publications) ; national newspapers and professional journals ; parliamentary debates ; biographies of supervisory staff members at the Ministry of Health
Magne, Tiphanie. "Essays on the Affordable Care Act mandates and their effects on labor supply and health outcomes." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2023.
Full textIn this dissertation, I study the effects of the Affordable Care Act advance premium tax credits, or ACA “subsidy”, on labor supply for households that are not offered employer-sponsored health insurance using premium data from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation linked to the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey from 2010 to 2017. Due to a sharp decrease to zero in the subsidy for households above 400 percent of the poverty line, households near this cutoff have a financial incentive to reduce their income by decreasing their labor supply at the intensive and/or extensive margins. Thus, I calculate the “potential lost subsidy” (PLS) for households near the cutoff as the subsidy they would receive at exactly 400 percent of the poverty line but may lose if earning just above it. On average, the PLS equals USD100 a month for younger workers but is four to six times larger for older workers and greatly varies by geographic location and family size. Using OLS and probit regressions, I estimate the impacts of the discontinuity in subsidy on labor supply. I find that income and hours of work do not statistically change from one year to another as the PLS increases. Moreover, the probability that one of the adults in the household stops working increases by less than 1 percentage point as the PLS increases by USD100 a month; however, this coefficient estimate is not statistically different from zero. Thus, I find no evidence that households reduce their labor supply at the intensive nor extensive margin in response to the potential lost subsidy, despite reaching 8 to 15 percent of income, for some households. I also study the impacts of the Medicaid coverage gap in non-expansion states on labor supply for households earning just below the poverty line. As a result of the ACA Medicaid non-expansion and premium tax credits starting at 100% FPL, households just below this threshold face a new labor supply incentive and upward discontinuity in their budget at the poverty line. Using a difference-in-differences approach and the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) of the CPS from 2010 to 2018, I estimate labor supply changes within very poor households in Medicaid non-expansion states. I find a significant increase in labor supply at the intensive margin. In particular, childless adults in non-expansion states increase their usual weekly hours by 2 hours a week (estimates equal to 1.7 and 2.3 depending on the specification). However, the coverage gap does not affect the extensive margin of labor supply, and there are no evidence that overall, very poor households adjust their income in response to the Medicaid non-expansion. It is crucial for policy programs to provide an affordable health coverage to very poor households, especially as some of them try to respond to the unintended incentive of low-priced health insurance at the poverty line and more individuals may fall into the coverage gap due to adverse income shocks. Finally, previous studies find that medical marijuana dispensaries reduce opioid addiction and related mortality as medical marijuana patients tend to substitute marijuana for opioids. I revisit Powell et al. (2018) on the effects of medical marijuana laws on opioid-related mortality from 1999 to 2013 by (1) controlling for early Medicaid expansion, a potentially confounding variable in their study, and (2) extending the analysis to 2018 to try to provide long-term effects of medical marijuana dispensaries on opioid overdose mortality rates. I find that controlling for early Medicaid expansion does not change the magnitude of Powell’s results. However, the effects of active dispensaries in reducing opioid-related death rates disappear over time and are not statistically different from zero using the 1999-2018 multiple cause-of-death mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System
Quidu, Frédérique. "Processus relationnels et stratégies de réorganisation du système hospitalier français : une analyse dynamique des accords de coopération." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20031/document.
Full textHospital organizations undertook relational processes structuring since the years 1970, under the increasing pressure of the reforms which followed one another in this sector. These connections caused a diversity of relational forms identifiable by very varied legal status. These relational processes also inform us on the statute of the relation: stable, unstable, transitory, etc. The analysis of the relational processes in the hospital field caused only few studies, contrary to the industrial sector where the cooperation agreements were the object of many written papers. The object of our research is to identify and explain the structures and the way of functioning of the relational processes which are implemented in the hospital sector and to analyze the passage of a relational form to another. Our empirical application concerned 83 relational forms (formal and unformal) which were established within the French hospital system between 1977 and 2012 with at least one of the protagonists belonging to the public sphere. The implementation of several analyses whose taxonomy made it possible to bring out original and stimulative results for the development of a research area in emergence. The relational processes in the hospital sector and the cooperation agreements of the industrial sector indeed show contrasted characteristics. Moreover, the elaboration of a grid of analysis of the relational processes made it possible to classify the relational forms using only three criteria. This work, based on a thoroughly statistical analysis, gives an explanatory and prospective dimension to our research on the connections in the hospital sector
Fauquert, Élisabeth. "L'entrepreneuriat politique des présidents des Etats-Unis sur les réformes de l'assurance maladie : une histoire politique du Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2094.
Full textThis dissertation which falls within the intellectual tradition of American Political Development explores the dialectical links between the entrepreneurship of US presidents on health care reform, the development of the American health care system and its latest product, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), which was signed into law in 2010. This work analyses the mutual forces of influence at work between a deeply constrained executive in this particular field of public policy and a health care system whose foundations and contours are in constant mutation. Given its controversial nature, its complexity and its weight in the US economy, health care reform directly affects the dynamics of public governance. Health care reform must therefore be considered as a laboratory and an accelerator of innovations for the presidency, in a political system in which its sphere of action is limited, as much by checks and balances as by the influence of other entrepreneurs who enjoy equivalent if not greater legitimacy than the executive branch to take action on the thorny issue of health care. The passage of the PPACA, the fact that it was signed into law by a democratic president after a century of failed attempts at ambitious reform as well as its arduous implementation, are a picture perfect case study on the evolutions of the presidential institution and on the routinization of heterodox presidential entrepreneurship
Bolduc, François. "Impacts de la réforme du réseau québécois de la santé et des services sociaux (2003) sur la représentation qu’ont les gestionnaires de leur travail." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10344.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the work of Quebec health and social services centre (CSSS) managers following the implementation of this sector’s reform in 2003, by the Minister at that time, Philippe Couillard. The re-engineering of the state in which this reform occurred was based on a certain representation of public organizations inspired by the New Public Management (NPM). In concrete terms, the reform has profoundly changed the context in which manager’s work in these organisations. In this context, the objective of this research was to understand the impact of this reform on the nature of the work being performed by health and social services centre (CSSS) managers. Using a micro-sociological approach and by adopting a comprehensive epistemological position, we were interested in examining how managers define their work in terms of the role they play within the organization. Moreover, we attempted to understand whether we are witnessing a change or a consolidation in their work representation following the reform. Methodologically, we chose to conduct a multiple case study. We selected two CSSS’s and we conducted forty-nine semi-structured interviews with managers from these CSSS. In order to identify the representation managers have of their work two ideal types representing two opposing work representation were created. These ideal types have allowed us to determine that we are witnessing a homogenization of managers’ representation of their work. In addition, following the Couillard reform, health and social services centre (CSSS) managers are more likely to adhere to a managerial representation of their role. Above all, this thesis shows how this change takes place. It appears that the CSSS structure leads to working conditions that promote management work representation to some degree and impede others. Moreover, this new structure and the working conditions that accompany it have pushed the balance of power among managers. In doing so, certain sub-groups see their representations valued, and are able to impose them on their colleagues. If some managers are skeptical about these changes, it appears that very few of them have the means to resist.
Proulx, Émélie. "L’adaptation des travailleurs sociaux en contexte de réorganisation du réseau de la santé et des services sociaux." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20356.
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