Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Services publics – Privatisations'
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Ulusoy, Ali Dursun. "La suppression des services publics en droit public français : recherche sur un critère." Bordeaux 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR40042.
Full textIn france, the withdrawal of public services has never been adequately examined, even though admittedly public service is one of the most studied areas of french public law. This study aims to identify a suitable criteria for the withdrawal of public services while defining, justifying and setting limits to such withdrawls. The discontinuation of a public service can mean either the absolute cessation of a service or the loss of its public characteristics through becoming a private activity. However, it is different to the privitization or modification of a public service. Justifying the withdrawal of a public service involves firstly looking at public interest, since the parallels between the financial interest of the administration and the public interest, as well as the decline of state domination due to private sector initiatives affect this withdrawal of public services. In addition, the principle of adaptability is used by the public authorities as reason for cutbacks to certain public services. Nowadays, the freedom of trade and industry is an insufficient basis for such cutbacks. However, application of the law of competition to public services under the influence of european community law could possibly lead us closer to a better justification. When fixing the boundaries to any cutbacks we must first study the constitution as a limiting factor. Also user's rights constitute a limit to cutbacks but, in practice they have insufficient legal means to oppose them. On the other hand, state planning laws form a partial restriction by limiting cutbacks to public services concerning disadvantaged areas. In conclusion we consider that a criteria for the withdrawal of public services can be established in french public law bearing in mind these key elements
Sun, Xiaowei. "De la relation entre service public et fonction publique. Etude comparée des droits français et chinois." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA0001/document.
Full textIn France, since the 1990s, the traditional polarity public service / civil service is questioned by privatization and public services outsourcing on the one hand, and by contracting and "managerialization" of civil service on the other hand. These trends are also observed in China in the construction of a public services system from 1990s, and in the establishment of a civil service decided in the late 1980s and endorsed by the Law of 27 April 2005 on Public Servants. In spite of the political and cultural differences between the two countries, there is a converging movement : the public administration steps back from the public services management, while the private law grows its influence on the civil service law. Public law, as it traditionally governs the public service and the civil service, is therefore challenged both in its scope and in its substance. As the relationship between public services and civil service distends, the correlation between the purposes of state and the administrative structures is less obvious. In this context, the comparison of French and Chinese laws illuminates the ongoing transformations of public law
Travesio, Rousset Florencio. "La privatisation du marché des télécommunications en Argentine : Leçons de l'expérience française." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010266.
Full textValero, Vanessa. "Incitations et engagements dans les partenariats Public-Privé." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10027.
Full textThis thesis investigates three questions related to the role of private sector involvement in the provision of public goods or services. The State withdrawal from such provision has led to the use of partnerships between the public and the private sectors. They take place through a variety of contracts from the traditional form of public procurement to the modern form, Public-Private Partnership (PPP). The first chapter analyzes the contracting out of public services through Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) subject to government opportunism. The construction of a public infrastructure and its operation are carried out by a private sector firm. Due to bundling of these two tasks, the PPP efficiency is affected by government's commitment power, contrarily to the traditional procurement, in which the two tasks are contracted out separately. We find that the PPP cost efficiency is damaged by the government opportunism but not sufficiently to recommend the use of TP contract. PPP contract should still be preferred by the government. We conclude that, contrarily to the widespread view, government commitment is not the key factor determining the success of PPP. The second chapter offers an empirical study to contribute to the debate over the efficiency of private provision of water services, looking at the main policy lessons that can be drawn from recent French experience. The purpose of this paper is to accurately evaluate the impact of private management on water prices after taking into account the selection bias. To do so, we use a treatment effect approach in a latent variable framework following the Carpentier et al. (2006) methodology. Two specific treatment parameters are reexamined: the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) and the effect of Treatment on the Treated (ATT). Contrary to the previous empirical findings, we show that private management does not have a significant impact on water prices. The third chapter examines the provision of a public good subject to a risk of disruption in a dynamic setting. To hedge against this risk, a public authority may use a dual sourcing policy. Instead of awarding the entire production to one firm (sole sourcing), he may split production among two firms (dual sourcing). If the production of one firm is disrupted, the other firm may take over. However, ensuring the continuity of production increases the procurement cost since a less efficient firm may be awarded part of the production. The public authority thus faces a trade-off when deciding upon the procurement policy. We first examine the optimal choice between sole and dual sourcing. Then, we determine the optimal share of production awarded to each firm in case of dual sourcing. We also consider how asymmetry of information on the secondary firm's efficiency affects the optimal procurement policy since an informational rent is given up to this firm. Finally, we extend our model to consider the influence of lobbying on the public authority's choice of procurement policy
Finez, Jean. "Pratiques économiques et pensées du changement dans un service public marchand : une sociologie des chemins de fer français aux XIXe et XXe siècles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12016/document.
Full textBased on a material composed of archives, specialized books, grey literature and interviews, this thesis explores the transformations of the process of making and thinking the railway economy in France. Our socio-historical analysis reveals the rearrangements of the rail policy and the evolution of the company’s management strategy in the medium and the long term. While during the 1820’s-1830’s the growth of railways is left to the discretion of private entrepreneurs, starting from the mid-19th century the state controls the sector, financing the expanding of the network and strongly shaping large regional monopolies. The nationalisation of the French railways in 1938 and the transport planning policy after World War II represent the climax of the state control. The last half-century challenges the traditional definition of public service in the sector and gives rise to a more market-oriented regulation, symbolised by the opening to competition of the railway market and the new trade policy of the state-owned company SNCF. Changes in the sector are driven by the transformation of mindsets and practices within the “state field”, the balance of power in the rail companies, as well as the material properties and benefits of railways as compared to other existing means of transport. These three dimensions altogether define the space for possible and probable of the rail economy
Vague, Pierre-Marie. "L’avenir des services publics passe-t-il par les entreprises privées? Etude comparée des méthodes et enjeux du partenariat public-privé en France, en Italie et au Royaume-Uni." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040007.
Full textPublic-private partnership in public services means the provision of public services by private companies on behalf public authorities. In France, in Italy and in the United-Kingdom, the law of public services and moral and political values have drawn models of action that are opposed. However, making closer public and private logic may be valuable for the quality of public services as well as for public funds and enhances public powers’ mission of protection of the general interest
Pelletier, Marie-Louise. "Déclin et mutation : l'évolution juridique de l'entreprise publique de service public." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20406.
Full textChabrost, Marion. "Three empirical essays on the impact of discretion on public procurement performance." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E043/document.
Full textThe use of discretion in public procurement may take place at different stages of the procurement process. The economic literature has widely investigated the benefits and limitations of its use. This dissertation focuses on two dimensions of discretion. First, a public authority has to decide whether to provide a public service in-house or privately. This dissertation empirically investigates the determinants of both remunicipalizations and privatizations for the water distribution services. This decision to switch appears to be mainly driven by economic efficiency reasons. Also, a tendency to switch from one regime to another one in neighboring municipalities influences this decision. Second, this dissertation focuses on public buyer's discretionary power towards the award mechanism. The economic literature acknowledges that even though discretion may yield a better value for money when awarding a contract, it may also facilitate corruption. This dissertation analyzes the impact of investigation for corruption over the degree of buyer's discretion used. As a matter of fact, a municipality investigated for corruption does not react by using less award procedures that allow for discretionary power. Only neighbors of municipalities that are eventually found guilty react, suggesting that responsive neighbors to investigation might also be involved in the case under investigation. Finally, the question of the effect of discretionary power over the likelihood to select a productive supplier is addressed. It follows that an award procedure that allows for discretionary power leads to the selection of less productive firms than an award procedure that does not
Théron, Roseline. "Un service public dans la tourmente : évolution de la culture d'entreprise au sein de London Transport - Transport for London, 1981-2006." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUEL624.
Full textOver the last twenty-five years, London Transport has absorbed the political, economic and sociological changes of the capital city. The once white, male, working-class stronghold of an engineer culture has turned into a customer-focused service company open to diversity. The notions of Public Service and Corporate culture being defined, an analysis of the staff magazines and of confidential in-house documents will elicit the unchanged elements of London Transport's culture. It will also show how it has gradually been turned into a management tool. Studying the context of the changes experienced by the company will then reveal that the organisation bears the mark of a series of conflicts and traumas, and of constant uncertainty. However the attacks on July 7th 2005 proved to be a unifying shock. With their new identity as TfL, under the leadership of a former executive risen from inside the group, public transport in London may now consider the challenges to come with greater serenity
Belmont, Cortés Edgar Israel. "Réorientations et réorganisations du service public de l'énergie électrique : les cas d'Electricité de France et de Luz y Fuerza del Centro (Mexique)." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EVRY0007.
Full textThe objective of our investigation is to analyze the deregulation of the electric market, the slogan that redeploy and reorganize the service public and its effects in the productive member space. The thesis that develops is that one which redefines the mission of the service and the objectives of the company puts in the game the link of the worker with the company, with its activity and with the public user.In that way, the conversion of the public service to the model of the market represents a loss of coherence symbolical and a negotiation in which the sense that is assigned to the public service benefit. To show the convergence and the divergence of this process in both public companies, since a global point of view because they go through unstable and parallel situations, we have been analyzed, in the case of the Electricité de France: a) the transposition of the European directive and the transition to the model of the “competitive regulation”,b) the conversion of the commercial activity starting from that the direction instrumentality. i) the “professionalization of the sale” ii) the “solidarity activity” across the device that redeploy the assistance to the clients with precarious situation.In the case of the Luz y Fuerza del Centro: a) to turn the politic energy b) the controversy between to the mission of the public service and the impact in the process of the collective negotiation. c) the reorganization of the commercial activity starting from the quality of the service (included the way of how to deal with a user) get into the debate.Our interest has been built in a framework interpretative to understand the complexity of this process from a perspective comparative
Lam, Yat-ming. "A strategic evaluation of privatisation of professional services for housing maintenance /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25248558.
Full textLefebvre, Bertrand. "Les services hospitaliers à Delhi : planification, privatisation et gouvernance urbaine." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782264.
Full textManyaga, Lukani Amos. "Privatisation of technical services at the Welkom campus of Vista University." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49778.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Public institutions require financial resources in order to deliver quality services to the community. The survival of each and every organisation primarily relies on the availability and proper management of financial resources in order to provide effective and efficient service to its clients. Section 195 (1) (b) of the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1996 , Act 108 of 1996 compels public institutions to promote and implement mechanisms that will promote efficient , economic and effective use of resources. South African Public Universities derives larger part of their revenue from the government. The South African government finances South African Universities on the basis of student enrolments. Funding for South African universities and technikons has increased from 10% in the 1996/1997 financialyear to 14% in the 2000/2001 budget. Despite the increase in the financing of the education sector, there were also significant changes in student enrolments at South African universities (Kulati, 2000: 27). Students are leaving from historically black universities for historically white ones and many more are enrolling at technikons than at universities. There are a number of reasons attributed to the decrease in student enrolment in former black universities. Black universities are perceived to be of inferior status as compared to former white universities in terms of their quality and resources. It is expected that government subsidies to historically black universities might fall by 26% over the next three years because of the projected decline in student enrolments. Taking into consideration the enrolment linked subsidy, changed enrolment patterns have drastically affected subsidy allocations by the government to most historically black universities such as Vista University. According to Caruna et al.,(1998: 55), tertiary educational institutions are required, like business firms, to monitor and adapt to the continuous changed taking place in the political, economic, social and the technological environment. The affected institutions are compelled to adapt their service delivery mechanisms if they are to remain financially viable in the near future. It is for this reason that the researcher will explore the use of privatisation as an alternative strategy to service delivery. This study investigate the manner in which activities of the technical services department within Vista University Welkom Campus can be contracted out with an aim of improving cost efficiency within the University. The study developed a normative model which can be used as a guideline in the process of contracting out services and also explain how such model can applied in the process of contracting out activities of the technical services department. The study further identified the responsibilities of different role players who will in one way or another be affected by the contracting process within the University. The study concluded that for the contracting out process to be cost effective, the University have to adopt a seasonally priced contract which reduces activities of the service producer in winter and concentrate activities of the service producer in summer.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Openbare instellings benodig finasiele hulpbronne om 'n gehalte diens aan die gemeenskap te lewer. Die voortbestaan van elke organisasie berus primer op die beskikbaarheid en behoorlike bestuur van finansiele hulpbronne om 'n effektiewe en doeltreffende diens aan kliente te lewer. Afdeling 195 (1) (b) van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid Afrika, 1996, Wet 108 van 1996, verplig publieke instellings om meganismes te implimenteer en bevorder wat doeltreffende, ekonomiese en effektiewe gebruik van hulpbronne verseker. Suid Afrikaanse openbare universiteite verkry die grootste gedeelte van hulle inkomste vanaf die regering. Hierdie finansiering geskied volgens die aantal geregistreerde studente by die onderskeie universiteite. Bevondsing vir Suid Afrikaanse universiteite en technikons het gestyg van 10% in die 1996/1997 finansiele jaar tot 14% in die 2000/2001 begroting. Ten spyte van die finansiering van die opvoedkundige sektor, was daar beduidende veranderinge in die studente getalle by Suid Afrikaanse universiteite (Financial Mail, 3l.03.2000). Studente verlaat historiese swart universiteite om by histories blanke universiteite in te skryf en meer studente skryf by technikons in as by universiteite. Daar is 'n aantal redes waaraan die afname van registrasies by histories swart universiteite toegeskryf kan word. Voormalige swart universiteite word as minderwaardig betreffende gehalte en hulpbronne beskou, in vergelyking met voormalige blanke universiteite. Die verwagting is dat staat subsidies aan historiese swart universiteite met so veel as 26% oor die volgende drie jaar kan daal, as gevolg van die geprojekteerde daling in studente getalle. Gegewe die feit dat subsidie gekoppel is aan studente registrasies, het die verandering in studente registrasie patrone 'n drastiese invloed op die subsidie toewysing op meeste historiese swart universiteite, waaronder Vista Universiteit resorteer. Volgens Caruna et al.,(1998:55), word daar van tersiere instellings (net soos van besigheidsfirmas), verwag om by die veranderende politieke, eknomiese, sosiale en tegnologiese omgewings aan te pas. Die instellings wat geraak word, gedwing om hul diensleweringsmeganisme aan te pas om finansieel lewensvatbaar te bly. Om hierdie rede gaan die navorser privatisering as alternatiewe strategie tot dienslewering ondersoek. Hierdie studie ondersoek maniere om aktiwiteite van die Tegniese Dienste Departement uit te kontrakteur met die uitsluitlike doel om koste effektiwiteit binne die Vista Universiteit te bewerkstelling. Die studie poog ook om 'n normatiewe model te formuleer en te implementeer om bogenoemde aktiwiteite te rugsteun. Die studie verduidelik ook hoe so 'n model die uitkontrakteur van Tegniese Dienste lewering kan assisteer en komplimenteer. Die studie identifiseer ook verskeie rolspelers wat deel sal vorm van die voorgestelde proses en wat ook direk en indirek deur die proses geraak en geaffekteer sal word. Die studie kom tot die slotsom dat die proses van uitkontraktering van Tegniese Dienste, kostebesparings binne die universiteit sal bewerkstellig. Die universiteit moet 'n stelsel implementeer wat seisoensgebonde is asook prysgebonde strukture daar stel wat die aspek van koste effektiwiteit sal aanspreek.
Chbane, Abdellah. "Le cadre juridique de la gestion déléguée des services publics au Maroc." Thesis, Paris 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA020004.
Full textThe objective of our thesis was to analyse the initial state and then the evolution of the Moroccan legislation in the field of delegated public service management. The call made to the private sector within the framework of public-private partnerships for the management of water supply, electricity and liquid sanitation services was initiated in Morocco in 1997 and often took the legal form of "delegated management" via the Law 54-05 of 2006. In this thesis, we will examine the case of France as a pioneering example in Europe, and the one of an Arab-African country, Morocco. The study of these two experiments provides a comparative view of the problem of delegated management.In the French case, it is a question of observing the foundations of a system that has become an exported model. By taking into account in the Moroccan case first what public service was in the Moroccan and Islamic tradition, then what it became during the French protectorate and finally, by analysing what was the stage of public ownership during decolonisation and then the impact of the "French model of delegated management". By studying this model, which was first born quite spontaneously in Morocco in the absence of a coherent legal framework, and then its gradual but nevertheless accelerated adaptation. We studied the evolution of the law and its spirit in Morocco and the challenges that legislators now face in meeting the requirements of a young, demanding and conscious society aware of the forms that the evolution of the economy and law is taking throughout the world. What now requires a new transformation of the Moroccan legislation that must take into account the need to form new legal check and balances
Lefebvre, Bertrand. "Les services hospitaliers de Delhi : planification, privatisation et gouvernance urbaine." Rouen, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782264.
Full textBackground : Through urban planning and lan-use regulation, the government wishes to avail services such as healthcare to Delhi's ever-growing population. Delhi presents itself as an interesting case in India of a strong hospital planning policy caught up in the net of market forces. As such, this thesis aims to assess the equitable allocation of hospital care services in Delhi. Methods : What options are at hand for the government to achieve a better balance in the spatial distribution of hospital services in the city ? Do poor sections of Delhi's population benefit from good accessibility to hospital services ? We propose a methodology based on different measures of accessibility calculated using geographic information systems (GIS) and on exploratory multivariate statistical analysis, which we employ to map poverty in Delhi. Results : Our results support a differentiated model of hospital services distribution. Some hospitals appear to be located in ways that substitute services for one another, for example, private tertiary and secondary hospitals are closer to more affluent areas while poorer areas have better access to small private hospitals. Nevertheless, poor neighbourhoods seem to experience situations of greater deprivation than other areas. Discussion : While accessibility and proximity are only two dimensions to the issue of access to hospital care, our results tend to show that poorer areas are left with limited choice in terms of having hospital facilities located nearby. Public-Private Partnership models have favoured private tertiary care hospitals in Delhi, with very poor results so far in improving access to hospital care for the poor
Pérard, Edouard. "Water privatization : an analysis of the choice between public and private water supply." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0048.
Full textThis dissertation investigates the issue of water privatization and aims to explain the choice between public and private water supply by answering the two following questions. What does drive municipalities’ choice of delegating water supply to private operators? Symmetrically, when water systems have been delegated to private providers, what determinants can explain the discontinuation of private water provision and the municipalization of private water networks? This thesis is divided into seven chapters. Following the introduction, the second chapter presents the characteristics of the water infrastructure sector and the scope of private sector participation in water supply around the world. The third chapter reviews the economic literature on privatization. The fourth chapter surveys 112 empirical studies on the difference in efficiency between the public and the private sector. The fifth chapter proposes a complete theory of the choice between public and private water supply based on four components: difference of cost of funds, transaction costs of outsourcing, difference in efficiency and potential political cost of privatizing. The sixth chapter deals with the econometric test of the theory developed in the fifth chapter on a dataset of 459 US counties of an overall population of more than 53 million inhabitants in 45 States. The seventh chapter concludes on the determinants of the choice between public and private drinking water. This choice is determined by the cost of funds, especially the marginal social cost of taxes, transaction costs, the difference in efficiency and the potential political cost of privatizing
Robertson, Simon. "Accounting for the divergence between privatisation theory and practice in developing countries : the case of the water sector in Ghana." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/6058.
Full textCardinal, Joanne. "Privatisation et réforme pénale : la mise en place de la privatisation au sein du Service correctionnel du Canada de 1970 à nos jours." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9741.
Full text林一鳴 and Yat-ming Lam. "A strategic evaluation of privatisation of professional services for housing maintenance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244348.
Full textStubbs, John Graham. "Towards a theory of geographically uneven privatisation : The case of New Zealand public hospital ancillary services." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6816.
Full textMwebe, Henry. "The impact of privatisation on socio-economic rights and services in Africa: the case of water privatisation in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textTerhorst, Philipp. "The role of social movements in developing public alternatives in urban water services." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9220.
Full textGuedi, Yabe Mohamed. "La marchéisation du système de santé à Djibouti : impacts économiques et sociaux." Thesis, Littoral, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DUNK0318/document.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the economic and social impacts of the marketization health car system in Djibouti. Since the late 1970s, all developed countries and developing, although with health systems based on the principles and different institutional arrangements (forms of financing, degrees of decentralization, availability of resources, etc...), are faced with the same problem : finance in a period of slower growth, a highly inflationary health sector. Therefore, the majority of countries have implemented reforms to their health care system. Developed countries mainly proposed ad hoc measures, often dictated by the need to balance health accounts. However, the measures proposed by developing countries are moving towards reforms. Under pressure from international financial organizations in particular, developing countries will change their health system to a disengagement of the State. The results of this thesis clearly show that in Djibouti, even if the transfer of ownership which corresponds strictly to privatization is rare in the health sector, public ownership of health care facilities shall not relieve the people of the care expenses. The downward trend of state subsidies, for public institutions of care and greater financial autonomy granted to them often leads to intervene in the market as a business selling services products. This makes the mostly requested health services unaffordable for the majority of the people. The expected benefit of the marketization of the health system, is however, affected by Djibouti the low contributory capacity of households
Audette-Chapdelaine, Marianne. "La dynamique des relations entre acteurs publics et privés dans la gestion des services d'eau urbains : les cas de Montréal et Marseille." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25440/25440.pdf.
Full textKebe, Aboubacry. "Les transformations du droit des services publics en Afrique francophone : l'exemple du Sénégal." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASH002.
Full textIn essence, by codifying administrative law, the Senegalese legislator adopted an essentially organic definition of the concept of public service, which consists in entrusting the management of the public service exclusively to legal persons governed by public law. This mainly organic criterion has been widely denounced by legal writers, who note the absence of a rigorous definition of the concept of public service, which does not associate private individuals with public management and which does not take account of its developments in France.This Senegalese concept of public service has been called into question by endogenous and exogenous circumstances. Initially, the organic criterion of public service was affected by the crisis of the interventionist state, which resulted in "less state, better state". Then, the organic criterion of the concept of public service has suffered the effects of community law of the WAEMU and OHADA since they put forward a functional or material criterion to govern the activity of public bodies involved in the economy. In addition, the UEMOA recommends performance obligations to Senegalese public services, which impact on the traditional conception of public service. These changes have also justified public service reforms and the renewal of public management favored by the emergence of African Union instruments, through the African charter of public service. It is therefore a question of confronting the organic conception of the public service with the test of the changes undergone by the administrative law and the public services
Moyo, Khulekani. "Water as a human right under international human rights law : implications for the privatisation of water services." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80062.
Full textBibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The worsening scarcity of fresh water resources has led to an increasing number of people without sustainable access to safe water across the globe. Water privatisation has been presented as the panacea to addressing the global water crisis. Privatisation of water has heightened the impetus for the explicit recognition of water as a human right. This dissertation seeks to establish the legal status of the right to water under international human rights law. The dissertation further attempts to ascertain the scope and normative content of such a right. In order to answer these questions, this dissertation carries out a detailed analysis of the possible legal basis, scope and normative content of the right to water under international human rights law. The principal question that arises is how a State can ensure compliance with its human rights obligations in the event of involvement of non-State actors such as private corporations in the management and distribution of water services. This dissertation‘s main hypothesis is that although privatisation of water services does not relieve the State of its legal responsibility under international human rights law, such privatisation imposes certain obligations on private actors consistent with the right to water. The dissertation goes beyond articulating normative considerations and looks at implementation at the national level by highlighting good practices on the practical implementation of the right to water consistent with the normative standards imposed by the right. The dissertation‘s key contribution is its development of an accountability model to ensure that States and private actors involved in the provision of water services have clearly designated roles and responsibilities consistent with the human right to water. If properly implemented, the model has the potential to give greater specification to the normative commitments imposed by the right to water in privatisation scenarios.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verergerende skaarste van vars water bronne het aanleiding gegee tot die toename in die hoeveelheid mense sonder volhoubare toegang tot veilige water oor die hele aarde. Dit word aangevoer dat die privatisering van water die wondermiddel is om die globale water krisis aan te spreek. Die privatisering van water het aanleiding gegee tot 'n verskerpte aandrang om water uitdruklik te erken as 'n mensereg. Hierdie proefskrif poog om die regsstatus van die reg tot water te vestig binne die raamwerk van internasionale menseregte. Die proefskrif probeer verder om vas te stel wat die omvang en normatiewe inhoud van so 'n reg sal wees. Vervolgens voltrek hierdie proefskrif 'n uitvoerige analise van die moontlike regsbasis, omvang en normatiewe inhoud van die reg tot water binne die raamwerk van internasionale menseregte. Die vernaamste vraag wat opduik is hoe 'n Staat kan verseker dat sy menseregte verpligtinge nagekom word waar nie-Regeringsrolspelers soos korporasies betrokke is by die bestuur en distribusie van waterdienste. Die kern hipotese van hierdie proefskrif is dat alhoewel die privatisering van waterdienste nie die Staat verlig van sy regsverpligtinge in terme van internasionale menseregte nie, sodanige privatisering sekere verpligtinge aan privaatrolspelers voorskryf wat in lyn is met die reg op water. Hierdie proefskrif gaan verder as die artikulering van normatiewe oorwegings en kyk ook na die implementering op nasionale vlak deur goeie praktyke uit te lig met betrekking tot die prakiese implementering van die reg tot water wat konsekwent is met die normatiewe standaarde wat die reg voorskryf. Die kern bydrae van hierdie proefskrif is die ontwikkeling van 'n aanspreeklikheismodel wat versker dat Regerings en privaat rolspelers wat betrokke is by die voorsiening van waterdienste duidelik aangewysde funksies en verantwoordelikhede het wat in lyn is met die reg tot water. Indien hierdie model behoorlik implementeer word, het dit die potensiaal om grooter spesifikasie te gee aan die normatiewe verpligtinge wat deur die reg tot water voorgeskryf word in privatiserings scenarios.
Youssef, Rolla. "Le financement privé des activités publiques en France et au Liban." Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT3019.
Full textThe idea of financing the public activities through private bodies is not a new one. The public private financing is a method of financing, currently present in different countries in various forms, through which a public autority calls upon private contributions to finance and manage equipment providing or contributiong to public service. .
Kjellén, Marianne. "From public pipes to private hands : water access and distribution in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania /." Stockholm : Stockholm university, Department of human geography, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410661953.
Full textPornet, Christian. "La réforme de l'Etat et les personnels : le cas de France Télécom (1990-2015)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D081.
Full textThe French telecommunications sector, previously part of the postal administration (Ministère des PTT), has been within the State reform framework in France, detached from the department by the July 2 1990 law, which would eventually lead to its privatization.Reducing public expenditure was the main point of the reform, the burden of which was mainly borne by the staff. As tenured civil servants, they were employed under an integrated statutory law, a position that had been guaranteed, and forbade direct layoffs. But the tenures were gradually replaced by fixed-term contracts, using a blurred pattern of ranks ; and management by the raking over company, France-Télécom/Orange, was soon notorious for its various and at times lifeendangering forms of workplace violence, aimed at enticing voluntary resignation. The harassing management targeted, and is still targeting, mainly those employees who had mainly voiced their attachment to the public service. The reform had more goals, such as creating an open market, improving and enlarging public telecommunications service. Were these actually- fulfilled ? One may doubt. Modernization and enlarging of services, and integration of technological advances did rake place. But despite the fact that there were now many network operators, the market remained only partly open. Companies benefited, but nor the public, as rates did not drop as much as expected . As for the availability of the telecommunications public service, one may wonder to what extent its main features - notably equality of all users - survived, as the traditional fixed line communications system is currently being replaced by dematerialized networks, a process that eventually broadens the gap of social exclusion. Reform in French telecoms sector testifies to the general decline of the state's role in French economy and Society , and to the gradual compliance of the country to European standards. One can question the management of the process. Laws, decrees and regulations have been unclear and blurred ; and jurisdictional authorities have been using them in a most elastic way. This leads by the way to questioning the place and legitimacy of a specifically French institution, the “justice administrative”, and to wonder at the evolution of the legal system in France, in this case surprisingly “pliable”
Dilly, Monique. "Les magazines de cinéma à la télévision française de 1952 à 200 : histoire, dispositifs et contenus." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Dilly.Monique.LMZ0604.pdf.
Full textInformative film reviews were very common on early French television but gradually made way for more commercial slots that promote films rather than provide any real information on the film itself. What concerns us here is why did the shift from the initial artistic to the now commercial aspirations of these programmes take place? Based on an analysis of the discourse of the media, on the one hand, and a study of the history of television, on the other, we establish the premise that television has changed because its main functions have changed. These changes in main functions, in turn, lead to a transformation of television's strategic functions and the content of its informative programmes, thus contributing to a new image of cinema. Informative film reviews can be broken down into three periods, corresponding to the distinct developments that have taken place over the course of French television history: the first period, from 1952 to 1975, where television conforms to the role public service and where its remit is to inform, entertain and educate. The world of cinema is one of craft and values, something to be imitated, it is an art; the second period, from 1975 to 1985, sees the disintegration of the ORTF and a move away of television from the example set by the cinema; film-making is an art and a business. The main function of television is to inform and entertain; the third and final period, from 1985 to 2000, sees the privatisation of TF1 in 1986; television now uses the cinema as a means of promoting itself. Cinema is now a platform whose strategic function is to entertain. Will critical and insightful programmes on cinema exist in the future? The ratings race and obsession with cost -effectiveness will not make this a likely scenario. Nevertheless, this type of programme will probably reappear on cable television, which has channels entirely devoted to the seventh art
Tu, Jiong. "Privatisation of Health Care in Transitional China : A Study of Private Clinics at the County Level." Thesis, Linköping University, Health and Society, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57367.
Full textThe thesis examines the privatisation of China's health care since the 1980s, focusingon the privatisation of primary health care at the county level. The research choosesprivate clinics as research objects, includes a brief historical description of privatehealth care evolution and the existing health care system in China; based on theempirical data collected in the field work, it provides a current picture of private clinicand its privatisation process in a Chinese city, discusses the problems in privatemedical practice and challenges private clinic faces, and the influence of privatisationon health sector performance.The thesis notes the privatisation of primary health care by private clinics supplies analternative way for health care services. It plays a significant role in compensatingpublic system and promotes more equal health access, although the radicalprivatisation of all health sectors undermines the accessibility and quality of healthservices in general. Currently the private health sector in China is still small and yet toform a mature market, and there are multiple challenges for its further development,but it can be expected that the private sector in the health care area will expand rapidly,and China could hopefully find a suitable way of public/private mix under the newhealth reform.
Darmane, Khadija. "Enjeux de la gestion du service d'eau potable à Amman (Jordanie) à l'épreuve du partenariat public-privé." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100198.
Full textThe theme of this thesis deals with aspects of the management of potable water in Amman by the French multinational Suez-Environnement since 1999. This contract Tells within the framework of structural adjustment programs negotiated by Jordan with the World Bank and the IMF in 1988. The thesis is based on articulating the dynamics at play in Jordanian context, marked by water déficit, socio-spatial diversity, public policy set by a highly centralised Jordanian state, and an imported management model. How has the private management been adapted to the Jordanian context and how has this mode) manifested the modes of the social and institutional organisation? We will question the particulars of the potable water crisis in Amman and the economic and political implication of the introducing a private operator. We will also ask about the types of interaction between the différent actors in this public-private partnership. The introduction of private operators in Jordan bring into question the system of resources distribution, the functioning of public services based on subsides and clientelism, and also the perception of the population of a very important urban service
Vezinat, Nadège. "Une professionnalisation inachevée : socio-histoire des tensions vécues par le groupe professionnel des conseillers financiers de la Poste (1953-2010)." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0056.
Full textThis thesis retraces the origin of the financial advisor position at La Poste. It analyses the emergence of a commercial position within a rapidly changing State administration. La Poste became a public limited company in 2010; symbolically, La Banque Postale was authorised at the same time to provide credit to consumers. However, it was also required to guarantee a certain number of public service missions and to settle previous, unresolved administrative tensions that were affecting its staff on a daily basis. The aim of the professionalisation process analysed in this research was not, however, to transform the professional group into a profession. Ln that sense it may partly be considered atypical. Even though it brought together the functionalist charaeteristics of the Anglo-Saxon "profession" (Wilensky 1964), it did, in fact, aim to impact on staff, thereby constituting more of a strategy for avoiding resistance through regulating the professional group than an empowerment of that group (Boussard, Demazière, Milbum, 20 10). Yet this professionalism from above was intended to ease the tension experienced by staff that were given orders, which we shall labei "prescribèd" and contradictory. The issue was settled by means of organisational changes and the postal staffs "submission", which took place because of the process of professionalism from above (Evetts, 2003). To support this theory, I have based my research approach on qualitative, quantitative, ethnographic and archival methods that are interconnected. These different types of material have been drawn together in the context of a sociology of professional groups, with the aim of analysing the occurrences that take place at group level without losing sight of what is involved in work activity, while bearing in mind the particularities involved in carrying out that work (Demazière, Gadéa, 2009)
Ossombo-Yombo, Rémy. "La gestion de l'eau potable dans les grandes agglomérations d'Afrique Centrale : contribution à l'étude d'un service public confronté à la mondialisation." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2007_in_ossombo_yombo_r.pdf.
Full textThe Central Africa is a area which knowns big problems on distribution of drinkable water. If some improvements intervened down 1980 years, globally, the public utility miss financing and best government context for saving consumers rights. The exploitation of drinkable water is fragilized by the power of international financial organizations which impose private management to states. This model is not profitable for people but for international societies of water. The state of drinkable water service confirms the failures of several politics lead by the states of this area and the international community
Seka, Aba Clément. "Contribution à l'étude juridique des concessions portuaires." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0094.
Full textThe adaptation of sea ports to the new rules of international trade can only happen with the involvement of private port managing operators. This involvement requires the entrustment of ports industrial and commercial activities, through efficient legal devices/arrangements/frameworks. Among these, port concessions seem like legal instruments providing a good setting, in terms of performance and profitability for economic activities in sea ports. However, the legal qualification/classification/characterization of these port concessions can be an issue since a legal disorder is observed in administrative law. The thesis is thus aiming at sheding light on this matter. The introduction firstly exposes the notion of port concession and then adresses the objective of this study by outlining its problematic : can port concession contracts be classified into a pre-establisehd legal group and attached to a pre-existing legal category ? To address the question, the first section of this thesis highlights the diversity characterizing port concessions. This identification process outlines the essentiel and non-essential elements, enabling the legal qualification of port concessions. However, this theoretical qualificaiton can only be wise and coherent if it adapts to the constant evolution of the use of concessive framework by the economic agents in sea ports. The second section of the thesis thus tackles the issue, by considering the diversity in use of concessions in sea ports of France and Africa. The concessive devices of French sea ports have been compared to those of other European ports (Antwerp, Rotterdam, Hamburg) and African ports, in particular in Ivory Coast, Senegal, Cameroon, Algeria and Morocco. The comparative analysis illustrated through professional documents, shows that the legal qualification of port concessions, which is the center of this thesis, is a perilous enterprise. It can be done only on a case by cas basis, according to the various countries and taking into account the joint forces of doctrine, jurisdiction, as well as legal and regulatory texts
Jamais, Gauthier. "Le contrat au sein de l’emploi public administratif territorial." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL20004/document.
Full textAdministrative jobs of local authorities cover all public employees working on behalf of an administrative public service managed by a local authority or one of its subsidiary. Those jobs, originally conceived to be mainly occupied by civil servants, are in fact occupied by a fifth of contract agents. Contract agents demonstrate that civil servants alone are not able to fulfill every tasks of local authorities. Contractualization could be a way to ensure modernization of those jobs: either a global privatization or an increase of their contractual components could be solutions. The career logic, used for more than thirty years, would then necessarily be called into question. This thesis, after having established that civil servants alone are not able to fulfill every tasks of local authorities, discusses the proposed solutions
Botton, Sarah. "Privatisation des services urbains et desserte des quartiers défavorisés : une responsabilité sociale en partage.Le cas des services d'eau et d'assainissement, d'électricité et de télécommunications dans les quartiers « carenciados » de l'agglomération de Buenos Aires (Argentine) de 1991 à 2004." Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085961.
Full textuniverselle en services urbains » par la mise en question du concept de « responsabilité sociale
d'entreprise ». Il interroge les pratiques gestionnaires des opérateurs d'eau, d'électricité et de
télécommunications de l'agglomération de Buenos Aires à l'égard d'une « nouvelle » catégorie de
clients : les habitants des bidonvilles, des quartiers précaires et des grands ensembles, désignés dans
cette recherche sous l'expression générique de quartiers carenciados. Les services urbains essentiels
ont été partie intégrante d'un vaste programme de privatisations mis en place sous la pression des
institutions financières internationales au début des années 1990 et constituent, à ce titre, un vecteur
particulièrement pertinent pour l'analyse critique de l'efficacité sociale d'entreprises de services
publics fonctionnant selon une logique de marché. Ce travail explore, à travers l'analyse des discours
et des pratiques des entreprises, leur motivation à mettre en place des programmes de développement,
les processus de « professionnalisation » à l'oeuvre et la construction de compétences spécifiques des
équipes en charge des projets. Il propose également une analyse des évolutions des relations du
triptyque « quartiers carenciados – entreprises privées – pouvoirs publics locaux » et, plus largement, des phénomènes de coopération existant entre les différents acteurs du champ. En proposant une relecture de la théorie des « agencements organisationnels » de Jacques Girin, cette thèse offre une analyse singulière des divergences sectorielles constatées dans les réponses que les entreprises
argentines ont formulé aux mandats de « Responsabilité Sociale » énoncés par les grands groupes : Suez, EDF et France Télécom.
Saleck, Ahmedna Mohamed Oumar. "Les médias et le droit de la concurrence en Mauritanie." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0023/document.
Full textIdentified as a political, social, cultural or economical actor, having an esential role in the world characterized by soaring globalisation, which is in a staggering peak, media seems to be naturally submitted to the competition law. However, when the question is analysed in a precised and refined way, this obviousness is not right anymore. Are the media really submited to the competition law ? At the same time is it possible to talk about the competition law specific to medias ? Relations between media and the competition law have been faced of several incidents in Mauritania. First of all, during the first incident, the relation between two institutions, it means media and the competition law were bland and dull because of State’s monopolization of all media’s means. Then, there was a partial opening of media to competition. Eventually, the recording of media by the competition law happened during the last incident. This work consists in demonstration of media’s submission to the competition law even though the mediatic product keeps being specific
De, Gouvello Bernard. "La recomposition du secteur de l'eau et de l'assainissement en Argentine à l'heure néo-libérale. Lecture au travers du phénomène coopératif." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129511.
Full textL'objet de cette thèse est d'étudier les recompositions du secteur de l'eau et de l'assainissement en Argentine dans le contexte actuel de libéralisation de l'économie et de privatisation des entreprises publiques. La méthode adoptée consiste à appréhender les changements au travers du phénomène coopératif qui est sorti de sa marginalité pour s'intégrer aux dispositifs institutionnels émergeant au niveau local. Quatre cas sont analysés en détail, respectivement situés en banlieue de Buenos Aires, en proximité de Rosario, à Villa María (ville moyenne de la province de Córdoba) et dans la province de Chubut en Patagonie.
Le travail met en évidence que la recomposition du secteur, bien qu'influencée par des modèles d'organisation exogènes (modèle anglais de privatisation-régulation, modèle français de délégation), se décline en pratique sous la forme d'une très grande diversité de solutions organisationnelles. Cette diversité témoigne, d'une part d'une re-territorialisation marquée du secteur, et, d'autre part, de la construction progressive et par apprentissage des modes de gestion émergents. Enfin, la conclusion souligne que la recomposition du secteur ne peut être véritablement achevée sans que soit redéfini précisément le rôle de l'état fédéral.
Frugis, Maurizio Raffaele. "Les pouvoirs de l'employeur public en droit comparé franco-italien." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020027/document.
Full textThis research consists in a comparison between the legal instruments of human resource management in the French and Italian public service sector. The objective is to evaluate their efficacy and uncover the main problems linked to their implementation. In the Italian public service sector, the manager is assimilated to the employer found in private firms. The link between the public servant and the administration is first regulated by a specific law, then by collective bargaining and labour law. In the French system, labour law isn’t applied to the public service sector. However, labour law has an influence on it, and vice versa. Collective bargaining doesn't have any formal rule because the civil servant must accept conditions imposed by the administration. Despite appearances, throughout their evolution the two systems seem to increasingly resemble each other, particularly in the realm of human resource management legal instruments, the use of temporary jobs and the rule of collective bargaining. It seems that flexibility in human resource management isn’t necessarily associated to the nature – public, private or mixed - of the link between the public servant and the administration. The choice between unilateralism and negotiation, administrative law and labour law doesn’t matter so much. Though French statute law is flexible, there are some political and administrative customs which are damaging. In both Italy and France, public administrations do not need to ignore - respectively - privatisation and statute law in order to become more effective. It seems that public administrations do not use all the possibilities offered by existing laws. They have to invest in human resources in order to transform office directors into real managers, rather than to continuously work on useless or damaging radical reforms
Lymperopoulou, Ira. "La réforme du secteur de l'énergie en Grèce dans le contexte de la crise de la dette." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01D019.
Full textA new market design is taking place during the economic crisis for the Greek energy market. Greece, in order to able to receive loans of money, signed memorandums of understanding with the Troika, which included major reforms in the energy sector. Energy is a liberalized sector at European level, and Greece in addition to European and national legislation, had to apply measures imposed by the memorandums of understanding. These measures, on the one hand, aim to restructure the energy market, with the use of various instruments to consolidate competition. On the other hand, they envisage a metamorphosis of the role of the Greek state in the energy market. In this study we analyze at which extent the introduced reforms achieve a transition from a market closed to competition with monopoly rights of incumbent operators, towards a competitive Europeanized market for the benefit of consumers while contributing to the exit of the country from the economic crisis
Duma, Nokulunga Prudence Lungani. "Attitudes to privatisation with particular reference to the campus protection services at the University of Durban-Westville." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10468.
Full textSmith, Andrew J. "'Monday will never be the same again': the transformation of employment and work in a public-private partnership." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6195.
Full textLupien, Philippe-Antoine. "Le sport et la télévision québécoise de 1952 à 2004 : la programmation sportive de Radio-Canada déjouée par la privatisation du service public canadien." Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5415/1/M12943.pdf.
Full textMénégoz, Laurent. "La transversalité, une utopie organisationnelle contemporaine, le cas France Télécom." Phd thesis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00423751.
Full textL'ambition est de trouver une alternative à l'organisation bureaucratique.
L'administration France Télécom devient entreprise de droit privé entre 1990 et 1998. L'organisation évolue en même temps avec la création de processus permettant de suivre l'activité horizontalement. Ceux-ci ont vocation à structurer les activités nécessaires aux clients et situées dans des fonctions différentes. On élargit ainsi la performance en passant du produit au service.
Mais cette révolution fait que les besoins des clients ont, en retour, un impact sur l'organisation. Point décisif car l'entreprise a maintenant une finalité externe contraignante. Les unités, les départements, le personnel, les compétences, se retrouvent alors en position de ressources. Et si la contribution fournie n'est pas celle souhaitée, c'est leur existence qui est en jeu, et à terme l'emploi.
Slot, Paul Johan. "A decision model for contracting out local government services in a South African context." Diss., 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16059.
Full textDe, Alba Murrieta Felipe de Jesús. "L'eau à Mexico : problème de gouvernance ou de gouvernabilité ? = El agua en la metropole de México : un problema de gobernanza o de gobernabilidad ?" Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6543.
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