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Jacklin, Alix. "An investigation into the bioactivity of compounds within the non-oil component of sesame seed oil." Thesis, University of Hull, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417171.
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Velázquez, Janice M. "Conversion of corn oil to alkyl esters." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Majoni, Sandra. "Oil recovery from condensed corn distillers solubles." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3369858.
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Ye, Yisha, and 葉伊莎. "Proteomics study of the effects of fish oil and corn oil enriched dieton membranous nephritis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40887753.
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Ye, Yisha. "Proteomics study of the effects of fish oil and corn oil enriched diet on membranous nephritis." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40887753.
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Goldman, Summer. "The Effects of Heat Stress on High Oil Corn." TopSCHOLAR®, 2005. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/497.
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High oil corn (HOC) is essentially dent corn that has been selected for high oil content in the scutellum. It is a value-added crop that can potentially offer a premium price for producers. Though southeastern U.S. producers have not had problems achieving sufficient yields, the oil content necessary for premium prices has been elusive. One of the most evident differences between these growers and their northern counterparts is the climate. Temperatures during the reproductive growth and grain fill periods are higher in southern latitudes. A two-part research project was conducted to further investigate the significance of temperature on oil content. The field project consisted of three different plantings; the first being planted May 11th, 2000, the second three weeks later on June 1st, 2000, and the third three weeks after the second, on June 22nd, 2000. The intention of the three plantings was to force the reproductive period and grain fill to occur during different times in the growing season. Ambient temperature data was supplied by the WKU Weather Center. Each planting was harvested and analyzed for oil content. The project resulted in a significant difference in oil content between the first planting and the last two plantings. The laboratory project began in the field. Sixteen ears per planting were hand pollinated and then harvested ten days after pollination. Six to twelve kernels, still attached to the cob, were removed from each ear. These pieces were placed on growth media in petri dishes and divided into two groups. One group was placed in an incubator set at 25°C, an optimum temperature for grain fill. The other group was placed in an incubator set at 35°C, a temperature representing heat stress during grain fill. There was no significant difference in oil content between the two different temperatures.
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Were, Beatrice Ang'iyo. "Genetic improvement of oil quality in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): assembling tools /." Alnarp : Dept. of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200612.pdf.
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Schneerman, Martha June Cook Weber David F. "Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of corn oil in Zea mays L." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9720812.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1996.<br>Title from title page screen, viewed May 31, 2006. Dissertation Committee: David F. Weber (chair), Alan J. Katz, Marjorie A. Jones, Radheshyam K. Jayaswal, Jefferey A. Dole. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-108) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Ananieva, Valeriya, and Anna Belinska. "Investigation of the influence of sesame antioxidants on the oxidative stability of provitamin A." Thesis, Scientific Route, Estonia, 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/48207.
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Microbiological oil solutions of provitamin A (β-carotene) as a dietary supplement are not widely used due to their low oxidation stability. The aim of research is determination of the effect of sesame antioxidants on the oxidative stability of provitamin A in oil solutions. The peroxide number of vegeTable oils is determined by the standard method by the titrimetric method. The value of the period of induction of oil oxidation is determined graphically from the growth curves of peroxide numbers. The content of tocopherols in oils is determined by spectrophotometric method. The content of sesamol and sesamoline in oils is determined by the colorimetric method. The oxidative stability of oils is determined using the accelerated "active oxygen" method. To plan the experiment and process the data, mathematical methods are applied using the software Microsoft Office Excel 2003. The oxidation stability of blended oils (a mixture of sesame, high oleic, sunflower and corn refined oils) and its components is investigated. Blended oil has a lower oxidative stability than sesame oil, but higher than corn and high oleic sunflower. The oxidative stability of the blend is enhanced by the antioxidant content of sesamol and sesamoline. The content of the above antioxidants, as well as the amount of tocopherols, is studied in blended oils. The oxidation stability of the obtained solution of provitamin A in blended oils is investigated. The period of induction of oxidation of blended oils with the addition of 0.2 % β-carotene increases by 1.3 times compared with the period of induction of the original blended oil. Blended long-life oil is recommended to be used to stabilize fat-soluble biologically active compounds.
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Ramos, Boris. "Production of biodiesel from vegetable oils." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-145863.
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The production of biodiesel using vegetables oils is studied. Palm oil and its use for production of biodiesel have been focused. Palm tree is very productive and one of the most profitable for biodiesel production. Among the oilseed crops palm tree produce more oil per hectare. Palm oil has a good availability and a competitive price. The production of palm oil at the industrial plantation level has caused environmental damage. The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil has established principles and criteria in order to certify a sustainable cultivation of the palm oil. The experimental work involves the production of biodiesel using corn oil. Ethanol and methanol are used as alcohols. Sodium and potassium hydroxides are selected as catalyst. The ratio alcohol to oil is the most important parameter in the production of biodiesel. An excess of alcohol is required to drive the reaction to the right. In the experiments with ethanol the yield of biodiesel increased with the ratio ethanol/oil achieving the highest yield at a molar ratio ethanol/oil: 7.78. In the experiments with methanol, using 0.9 g NaOH and 1 hour reaction time the highest yield was obtained with a molar ratio methanol:oil = 9. Using KOH as catalyst and 2 hour reaction time a very good yield is already obtained with a molar ratio methanol:oil = 4.5 The amount of catalyst is another studied parameter. In the experiments with ethanol, the amount of 0.8 mg NaOH and 1.2 mg KOH for 200 ml corn oil (0.22 mol) is enough in order to obtain a good yield. An increase of the amount of catalyst does not produce an increase of the yield of biodiesel. In experiments with methanol, using the lowest tested amount catalyst (0.85 g KOH and 0.23 g NaOH) a good yield of biodiesel is obtained. The effects of the reaction time, rate of mixing and the reaction temperature were studied in the experiments with methanol. The yield of biodiesel increased when the reaction time is increased from 1 to 2 hours. The yield of produced biodiesel increased from 90% to 94% when the rate of mixing was increased from 500 to 1500 rpm. Often the transesterification is carried out at a temperature near the boiling point of alcohol. The highest yield was obtained at 60 oC with KOH and at 55 oC using NaOH but already at 40 oC a good yield was obtained (89%).
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Careaga, de Houck Maria Monica. "Part 1. Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acid by human platelets ; Part 2. Phospholipid composition of rat blood cells after feeding diets containing corn oil or corn/fish oil /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487584612162702.
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Mendez, Atahualpa. "Production of biodiesel from corn oil and ethanol by homogeneous alkali catalyzed transesterification." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33264.
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This report gives a general overview on biodiesel production, its motivations, characteristics and recent developments, mainly focused in the Brazilian case. The Brazilian National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB) launched 2003 created a demand of biodiesel and stimulated the biodiesel production. Biodiesel is being produced from soybean oil, followed by animal fats and cottonseed oil, with palm and castor bean oil contributing in small portions. The biodiesel expansion has impacts on environmental and social issues such as deforestation from soya expansion and a decrease of employment levels due to the high degree of mechanization of the soya harvest. Experimental work was developed, using corn oil, ethanol and NaOH as a catalyst. Experiments were made varying significant parameters to find the optimum reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst amount and molar ratio between ethanol and corn oil. Besides that, another experiment aimed to describe the yield behavior as a function of the reaction time. The produced biodiesel has been characterized by measurements of density, refraction index and viscosity. The amount of 0.4 wt % NaOH, based on the weight of raw oil, was enough to catalyze the reaction of transesterification effectively. A higher amount of alcohol in excess provides a higher yield at mild temperature conditions. But the higher amount of alcohol used, the higher the amount of alcohol in excess presented in the biodiesel phase which has to be eliminated. An increase of the temperature from 40˚C to 50˚C does not increase the yield in a considerable way. Thus due to the energy saving it is not recommended to increase the temperature to 50˚C. Regarding the evaluation of the conversion as function of time, a high conversion is obtained after 90 min. An extension of the reaction time from 90 to 150min had no significant effect.
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Leyk, Williams Malgorzata. "Summarizing FLARE assay images in colon carcinogenesis." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3132.
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Intestinal tract cancer is one of the more common cancers in the United States. While in some individuals a genetic component causes the cancer, the rate of cancer in the remainder of the population is believed to be affected by diet. Since cancer usually develops slowly, the amount of oxidative damage to DNA can be used as a cancer biomarker. This dissertation examines effective ways of analyzing FLARE assay data, which quantifies oxidative damage. The statistical methods will be implemented on data from a FLARE assay experiment, which examines cells from the duodenum and the colon to see if there is a difference in the risk of cancer due to corn or fish oil diets. Treatments of the oxidizing agent dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), DSS with a recovery period, as well as a control will also be used.
Previous methods presented in the literature examined the FLARE data by summarizing the DNA damage of each cell with a single number, such as the relative tail moment (RTM). Variable skewness is proposed as an alternative measure, and shown to be as effective as the RTM in detecting diet and treatment differences in the standard analysis. The RTM and skewness data is then analyzed using a hierarchical model, with both the skewness and RTM showing diet/treatment differences. Simulated data for this model is also considered, and shows that a Bayes Factor (BF) for higher dimensional models does not follow guidelines presented by Kass and Raftery (1995).
It is hypothesized that more information is obtained by describing the DNA damage functions, instead of summarizing them with a single number. From each function, seven points are picked. First, they are modeled independently, and only diet effects are found. However, when the correlation between points at the cell and rat level is modeled, much stronger diet and treatment differences are shown both in the colon and the duodenum than for any of the previous methods. These results are also easier to interpret and represent graphically, showing that the latter is an effective method of analyzing the FLARE data.
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Danje, Stephen. "Fast pyrolysis of corn residues for energy production." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17822.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Increasing oil prices along with the climate change threat have forced governments, society and the energy sector to consider alternative fuels. Biofuel presents itself as a suitable replacement and has received much attention over recent years. Thermochemical conversion processes such as pyrolysis is a topic of interest for conversion of cheap agricultural wastes into clean energy and valuable products. Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of the promising technologies for converting biomass into liquid fuels and regarded as a promising feedstock to replace petroleum fuels. Corn residues, corn cob and corn stover, are some of the largest agricultural waste types in South Africa amounting to 8 900 thousand metric tonnes annually (1.7% of world corn production) (Nation Master, 2005).
This study looked at the pyrolysis kinetics, the characterisation and quality of by-products from fast pyrolysis of the corn residues and the upgrading of bio-oil. The first objective was to characterise the physical and chemical properties of corn residues in order to determine the suitability of these feedstocks for pyrolytic purposes. Secondly, a study was carried out to obtain the reaction kinetic information and to characterise the behaviour of corn residues during thermal decomposition. The knowledge of biomass pyrolysis kinetics is of importance in the design and optimisation of pyrolytic reactors. Fast pyrolysis experiments were carried out in 2 different reactors: a Lurgi twin screw reactor and a bubbling fluidised bed reactor. The product yields and quality were compared for different types of reactors and biomasses. Finally, a preliminary study on the upgrading of bio-oil to remove the excess water and organics inorder to improve the quality of this liquid fuel was performed.
Corn residues biomass are potential thermochemical feedstocks, with the following properties (carbon 50.2 wt. %, hydrogen 5.9 wt. % and Higher heating value 19.14 MJ/kg) for corn cob and (carbon 48.9 wt. %, hydrogen 6.01 wt. % and Higher heating value 18.06 MJ/kg) for corn stover. Corn cobs and corn stover contained very low amounts of nitrogen (0.41-0.57 wt. %) and sulphur (0.03-0.05 wt. %) compared with coal (nitrogen 0.8-1.9 wt. % and sulphur 0.7-1.2 wt. %), making them emit less sulphur oxides than when burning fossil fuels. The corn residues showed three distinct stages in the thermal decomposition process, with peak temperature of pyrolysis shifting to a higher value as the heating rate increased. The activation energies (E) for corn residues, obtained by the application of an iso-conversional method from thermogravimetric tests were in the range of 220 to 270 kJ/mol. The products obtained from fast pyrolysis of corn residues were bio-oil, biochar, water and gas. Higher bio-oil yields were produced from fast pyrolysis of corn residues in a bubbling fluidised bed reactor (47.8 to 51.2 wt. %, dry ash-free) than in a Lurgi twin screw reactor (35.5 to 37 wt. %, dry ash-free). Corn cobs produced higher bio-oil yields than corn stover in both types of reactors. At the optimised operating temperature of 500-530 °C, higher biochar yields were obtained from corn stover than corn cobs in both types of reactors. There were no major differences in the chemical and physical properties of bio-oil produced from the two types of reactors. The biochar properties showed some variation in heating values, carbon content and ash content for the different biomasses. The fast pyrolysis of corn residues produced energy products, bio-oil (Higher heating value = 18.7-25.3 MJ/kg) and biochar (Higher heating value = 19.8-29.3 MJ/kg) comparable with coal (Higher heating value = 16.2-25.9 MJ/kg). The bio-oils produced had some undesirable properties for its application such as acidic (pH 3.8 to 4.3) and high water content (21.3 to 30.5 wt. %). The bio-oil upgrading method (evaporation) increased the heating value and viscosity by removal of light hydrocarbons and water. The corn residues biochar produced had a BET Brynauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area of 96.7 to 158.8 m2/g making it suitable for upgrading for the manufacture of adsorbents. The gas products from fast pyrolysis were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) as CO2, CO, H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H8 and C5+ hydrocarbons. The gases had CO2 and CO of more than 80% (v/V) and low heating values (8.82-8.86 MJ/kg).<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die styging in olie pryse asook dreigende klimaatsveranderinge het daartoe gelei dat regerings, die samelewing asook die energie sektor alternatiewe energiebronne oorweeg. Biobrandstof as alternatiewe energiebron het in die afgope paar jaar redelik aftrek gekry. Termochemiese omskakelingsprosesse soos pirolise word oorweeg vir die omskakeling van goedkoop landbou afval na groen energie en waardevolle produkte. Snel piroliese van biomassa is een van die mees belowende tegnologië vir die omskakeling van biomassa na vloeibare brandstof en word tans gereken as ’n belowende kandidaat om petroleum brandstof te vervang. Mielieafval, stronke en strooi vorm ’n reuse deel van die Suid Afrikaanse landbou afval. Ongeveer 8900 duisend metrieke ton afval word jaarliks geproduseer wat optel na ongeveer 1.7% van die wêreld se mielie produksie uitmaak (Nation Master, 2005).
Hierdie studie het gekk na die kinetika van piroliese, die karakterisering en kwaliteit van by-produkte van snel piroliese afkomstig van mielie-afval asook die opgradering van biobrandstof. Die eerste mikpunt was om die fisiese en chemiese karakteristieke van mielie-afval te bepaal om sodoende die geskiktheid van hierdie afval vir die gebruik tydens piroliese te bepaal. Tweendens is ’n kinetiese studie onderneem om reaksie parameters te bepaal asook die gedrag tydens termiese ontbinding waar te neem. Kennis van die piroliese kinetika van biomassa is van belang juis tydens die ontwerp en optimering van piroliese reaktore. Snel piroliese ekspermente is uitgevoer met behulp van twee verskillende reaktore: ’n Lurgi twee skroef reaktor en ’n borrelende gefluidiseerde-bed reaktor. Die produk opbrengs en kwaliteit is vergelyk. Eindelik is ’n voorlopige studie oor die opgradering van bio-olie uitgevoer deur te kyk na die verwydering van oortollige water en organiese materiaal om die kwaliteit van hierdie vloeibare brandstof te verbeter.
Biomassa afkomstig van mielie-afval is ’n potensiële termochemiese voerbron met die volgende kenmerke: mielie stronke- (C - 50.21 massa %, H – 5.9 massa %, HHV – 19.14 MJ/kg); mielie strooi – (C – 48.9 massa %, H – 6.01 massa %, HHV – 18.06 MJ/kg). Beide van hierdie materiale bevat lae hoeveelhede N (0.41-0.57 massa %) and S (0.03-0.05 massa %) in vergelyking met steenkool N (0.8-1.9 massa %) and S (0.7-1.2 massa %). Dit beteken dat hieride bronne van biomassa laer konsentrasies van swael oksiedes vrystel in vergelyking met fossielbrandstowwe. Drie kenmerkende stadia is waargeneem tydens die termiese afbraak van mielie-afval, met die temperatuur piek van piroliese wat skuif na ’n hoër temperatuur soos die verhittingswaarde toeneem. Die waargenome aktiveringsenergie (E) van mielie-afval bereken met behulp van die iso-omskakelings metode van TGA toetse was in die bestek: 220 tot 270 kJ/mol.
Die produkte verkry deur Snel Piroliese van mielie-afval was bio-olie, bio-kool en gas. ’n Hoër opbrengs van bio-olie is behaal tydens Snel Piroliese van mielie-afval in die borrelende gefluidiseerde-bed reakctor (47.8 na 51.2 massa %, droog as-vry) in vergelyking met die Lurgi twee skroef reakctor (35.5 na 37 massa %, droog as-vry). Mielie stronke sorg vir ’n hoër opbrengs van bio-olie as mielie strooi in beide reaktore. By die optimum bedryfskondisies is daar in beide reaktor ’n hoër bio-kool opbrengs verkry van mielie stingels teenoor mielie stronke. Geen aansienlike verskille is gevind in die chemise en fisiese kenmerke van van die bio-olie wat geproduseer is in die twee reaktore nie. Daar is wel variasie getoon in die bio-kool kenmerkte van die verskillende Snel Piroliese prosesse. Snel piroliese van mielie-afval lewer energie produkte, bio-olie (HVW = 18.7-25.3MJ/kg) en bio-kool (HVW = 19.8-29.3 MJ/kg) vergelykbaar met steenkool (HVW = 16.2-25.9 MJ/kg). Die bio-olies geproduseer het sommige ongewenste kenmerke getoon byvoorbeeld suurheid (pH 3.8-4.3) asook hoë water inhoud (21.3 – 30.5 massa %). Die metode (indamping) wat gebruik is vir die opgradering van bio-olie het gelei tot die verbetering van die verhittingswaarde asook die toename in viskositeit deur die verwydering van ligte koolwaterstowwe en water. Die mielie-afval bio-kool toon ’n BET (Brunauer-Emmet-Teller) oppervlakte area van 96.7-158.8 m2/g wat dit toepaslik maak as grondstof vir absorbante. The gas geproduseer tydens Snel Piroliese is geanaliseer met behulp van gas chromotografie (GC) as CO2, CO, H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H8 and C5+ koolwaterstowwe. Die vlak van CO2 en CO het 80% (v/V) oorskry en met lae verhittingswaardes (8.82-8.86 MJ/kg).
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Kline, Kristen Alissa. "Metabolic effects of incremental exercise on Arabian horses fed diets containing corn oil and soy lecithin." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37030.
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Feeding a fat-containing diet to the exercising horse is a facile way to increase energy density without risking the complications associated with hydrolyzable carbohydrates. Fat adaptation may also result in increases in the utilization of free fatty acids for fuel during exercise and sparing of muscle glycogen. Phosphatidylcholine, the main component of lecithins, can influence muscle contraction and improve endurance capacity during exercise. When it is combined with corn oil in a total mixed ration, soy lecithin is both highly digestible and palatable to horses. Our objectives in this study were to compare the effects of incremental exercise and isocaloric control (CON), corn oil (CO), and a soy lecithin/corn oil (LE) diets on plasma free fatty acids (FFA), cholesterol, glycerol, triglyceride (TG), lactate, and glucose. Also three different statistical models were compared for goodness of fit to the lactate curve.
Plasma lactate and glucose both increased slowly early in the incremental exercise test (IET), then increased rapidly as the work intensity increased. Both decreased during recovery. No effects of IET or diet were found for either of these variables.
Plasma TG was unchanged during exercise, but increased rapidly during recovery. Plasma FFA decreased from resting early in the IET then remained steady throughout the remainder of exercise. During recovery a rapid increase was exhibited. Plasma glycerol was constant during exercise, but increased during recovery. Plasma cholesterol did not change during exercise or recovery.
Diet affected plasma FFA. Plasma FFA were lower for the CO and LE diets than the CON diet during the IET. Plasma glycerol was lower for the CO diet than the CON diet during the IET, with the LE diet intermediate between the two. Plasma cholesterol was higher for the CO and LE diets than the CON diet during the IET.
A segmented model and an exponential model were found to have a good fit to the lactate curve. A point of inflection for a rapid increase in plasma lactate during incremental exercise was discovered. When this model was applied to diet, no differences in lactate threshold were found between the diets.
Some criteria for fat adaptation were met, namely diet affected plasma FFA, glycerol, and cholesterol. However diet did not affect plasma TG, lactate, or glucose. This indicates that the rate of fatty acid oxidation was increased following fat adaptation, but it did not affect the rate of glucose oxidation and glycolysis during exercise. A lactate threshold for the equine can be obtained using a broken line model. Further studies using this approach are needed to establish its correlation with performance.<br>Master of Science
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Yoder, Edward Duane. "An economic study of the quick-germ technology for the dry-grind process of corn ethanol production and its effects upon the corn oil market /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1203563451&sid=10&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Savernini, Maira Q. M. "An Econometric Analysis of the Relationship among the U.S. Ethanol, Corn and Soybean Sectors, and World Oil Prices." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1236980228.
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Dantas, Tarcisio Soares Siqueira 1980. "Otimização das variáveis de processo da transesterificação do óleo de soja e milho = produção de biodiesel em uma coluna de pratos perfurados." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266840.
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Previous issue date: 2011<br>Resumo: A transesterificação com etanol é um tópico de pesquisa bastante atual devido à possibilidade de produzir um combustível utilizando apenas fontes renováveis. Este trabalho apresenta a produção de biodiesel em uma coluna de destilação reativa de pratos perfurados e a otimização de suas variáveis de processo foi realizada utilizando ferramentas estatísticas. A destilação reativa é a implementação simultânea de reação e separação em uma mesma unidade de processo e, através dela, é possível atingir conversões altas rapidamente e com menores gastos energéticos. O óleo de soja e o óleo de milho refinados foram utilizados como matérias-primas na reação de transesterificação com o etanol e o catalisador (hidróxido de sódio). Os resultados finais de conversão em éster foram comparados com resultados obtidos por outros pesquisadores em uma coluna de destilação reativa empacotada. A conversão ótima de éster foi de 99,84% em peso com 6 minutos de reação e um modelo, com significância estatística, da conversão em éster em função da razão molar álcool:óleo e da concentração de catalisador foi obtido<br>Abstract: Transesterification with ethanol is very up-to-date due to the possibility of producing a fuel solely from renewable sources. This work presents the biodiesel production with a reactive distillation sieve tray column and the optimization of the process variables using statistical tools was carried out. Reactive distillation is the simultaneous implementation of reaction and separation within a single process unit and it is able to achieve very fast conversions and high yields with relatively low energy requirements. Refined soybean oil and corn oil where used as feedstocks in the transesterification with the ethanol and the sodium hydroxide catalyst. The results on the final ester conversion where compared to results obtained with a packed reactive distillation column by other researchers. The optimum ester (biodiesel) conversion was 99.84 wt. % after 6 minutes of reaction and a model, with statistical significance, of the ester conversion as a function of molar ratio and catalyst concentration was obtained<br>Mestrado<br>Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos<br>Mestre em Engenharia Química
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Jain, Deepak M. "Effect of corn fibre oil and its constituents on cholesterol metabolism and intestinal sterol transporter gene expression in hamsters." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98732.
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The cholesterol-lowering effect of corn fiber oil, obtained from the seed coats of corn kernels, has been reported previously. Corn fiber oil contains phytosteryl fatty acyl esters, ferulate phytostanyl esters, and free phytosterols. To date, however, no studies have examined the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of ferulate phytostanyl esters. Moreover, although plant stanols and sterols have been established as cholesterol-lowering agents over the past five decades, their exact mechanisms of action are not clearly understood. One of the possible mechanism is that plant sterols/stanols disrupts the normal sub-cellular cholesterol absorption by down-regulation of the influx sterol transporters such as the Niemann pick C1 like 1(NPC1L1) protein and/or up-regulation of efflux sterol transporters such as the ATP binding cassette (ABC) G5 and ABCG8 protein. Hence, the objectives of this thesis were to assess the efficacy of corn fiber oil, ferulate phytostanyl esters and their parent compounds including sitostanol and ferulic acid, on plasma cholesterol levels. Further, objectives were to investigate their impact on parameters of cholesterol kinetics and gene expression of sterol transporters to obtain insight into their role in genetic control of regulation of cholesterol flux. Results of this experiment demonstrate that the hypocholesterolemic effect of corn fiber oil is mostly due to sitostanol, while esterification of ferulic acid and sitostanol yields no apparent synergistic cholesterol lowering effect. Present data exhibited a cholesterol absorption lowering effect of corn fiber oil and sitostanol and suggest that this effect may be due to up-regulation of intestinal enterocyte efflux sterol transporters such as ABCG5 and ABCG8.
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Myers, Andrew S. "Exploring the Synergistic Effect of Corn and Oat Fiber on Egg Albumin-Induced Reduction in Oil Absorption During Frying." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1314722156.
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Hull, Stephen Gregory Jr. "The Stabilizing Effects of Sesame Oil Extraction Technologies on Seasonal Fluctuations in Food Consumption and Nutritional Status of Rural Farming Households in The Gambia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10032.
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It has been well documented that women and children in The Gambia are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition. The combination of heavy labor demands on women and a weaning diet low in calories takes its toll on women and children during the pre-harvest lean season. In 1995, the Small-Scale Sesame Oil Production project introduced an inexpensive, manual technology for edible oil extraction, called the ram press, to women in The Gambia. The overall aim of the project was to improve household nutritional security through the adoption of the ram press by women sesame growers.
A 13-month study was conducted to evaluate the success of the Small-Scale Sesame Oil Production project. The study involved 120 rural households: 40 households with access to motorized expeller technology (Expeller group) for sesame oil extraction, 37 households with access to manual ram press technology (Press group), and 43 households with access to both technologies (Combination group). Twenty-four hour recalls, food frequency data, anthropometric measurements, and production data were obtained at the baseline and at the post-harvest, peak sesame oil-pressing, and pre-harvest lean seasons.
At the baseline, women in the Expeller group had higher mean intakes of kilocalories than those in the Press and Combination groups. After introduction of the ram press, the Press and Combination women reported consistently higher intakes of kilocalories than the Expeller women at all seasons, with the largest differences at the peak oil-pressing and pre-harvest lean seasons.
At the baseline, the consumption of kilocalories for Expeller children was greater than that of the Combination and Press children. After introduction of the ram press, this trend was reversed and the intake of kilocalories for Combination and Press children was greater than that of Expeller children at all other seasons. The Expeller children exhibited a marked increase in weight-for-height z-scores at the peak oil-pressing season that decreased to near baseline levels thereafter. The Combination and Press children exhibited a steady increase in weight-for-height z-scores across seasons except for the pre-harvest lean season when their scores leveled off.
These results indicate that women and children in households with access to ram press technology experience much less of a seasonal fluctuation in food consumption than those without ram press technology. Findings of this study also indicate that when women are given choices as to which technology is best for them, they will maximize their benefits from the available technologies.<br>Master of Science
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ALMEIDA, Katcilânya Menezes de. "Obtenção de mistura de óleos vegetais: otimização, caracterização e predição de propriedades físicas e químicas." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2012. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/773.
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Previous issue date: 2012-04<br>CNPq<br>O Brasil possui grande potencial agrícola para produzir óleo vegetal, tanto para fins
alimentares como para suprir parte da demanda de energia renovável, porém nos
últimos cinco anos tem sido o maior importador de azeite de oliva do mundo, devido
aos seus benefícios para a saúde. Neste contexto objetivou-se, com este trabalho, a
elaboração de misturas especiais de óleos vegetais para fins alimentícios, com base nos
óleos de amendoim, gergelim, maracujá e soja. Os óleos de amendoim e gergelim como
alternativa por serem culturas produzidas no Brasil, constituem uma fonte de ácidos
graxos e antioxidantes tão pouco explorados na alimentação dos brasileiros, tal como o
óleo de maracujá como co-produto, descartado pela indústria de suco e ainda o óleo de
soja cuja matéria-prima abundante, tornam o produto acessível aos consumidores de
todas as classes sociais. Os óleos de amendoim e gergelim foram extraídos de sementes
das cultivares BRS-Havana e BRS-Seda, respectivamente, cedidas pela Embrapa
Algodão enquanto o óleo de maracujá foi adquirido no comércio de São Paulo e o de
soja no de Campina Grande. As misturas foram elaboradas com base em uma matriz de
planejamento experimental e, em seguida, submetidas às análises de composição de
ácidos graxos e ensaios físico-químicas (umidade, índice de acidez, índice de iodo,
índice de refração, densidade e viscosidade) segundo a metodologia do IAL (2008). As
medidas obtidas foram utilizadas para estudar e otimizar a elaboração das misturas de
óleos vegetais e como variáveis para predição por espectrometria no infravermelho
próximo (NIR) foram utilizados os mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS) como
metodologia de calibração multivariada. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de
variância (ANOVA), à análise de variância multivariada (MANOVA), à análise de
correlação canónica e à análise de correlação de Pearson, pelo software SAS 9.1.3; na
análise de componentes principais (PCA) e regressão por mínimos quadrados parciais
(PLS) utilizou-se o software Uncrambler 9.8®. Concluiu-se que a mistura equivalente a
40% de óleo de amendoim, 20% de óleo de gergelim, 20% de óleo de maracujá e 20%
de óleo de soja apresentou-se como a melhor mistura para fins alimentares, com base na
composição de ácidos graxos. Os métodos de predição por NIR foram eficazes para a
estimativa não destrutiva, rápida, de baixo custo e direta, dos ácidos graxos palmítico,
esteárico, oleico, linoleico, araquídico e linolênico e para as medidas físico-químicas de
densidade, índice de refração, viscosidade, índice de acidez e índice de iodo.<br>Brazil has great potential to produce vegetable oils as a source of raw materiais for food
and energy. But in the last five years has been the largest importer of olive oil in the
worid due to its health benefits and wide divulgation. In this context, the aim of this
work was the development of special blends of vegetable oils as an alternative to olive
oils based on peanut, sesame, soy and passion fruit. The peanut and sesame oils because
they are a source of fatty acids and antioxidants in the diet of little explored in Brazil,
passion fruit oil as co-product of the juice industry, and soybean oil abundant raw
material which makes the product available to consumers of ali social classes. The
peanut and sesame oils were extracted from seeds of BRS-Seda and BRS-Havana, while
passion fruit oil was purchased commercially of city São Paulo-SP and trade soybean in
the city of Campina Grande-PB. The mixtures were prepared based on an array of
experimental design and then submitted to analysis of fatty acid composition and
physico-chemical (moisture, acid value, iodine value, refractive index, density and
viscosity). Moreover, were used as reference variables for prediction via infrared
spectroscopy (NIR) using the partial least squares (PLS) and multivariate calibration
methodology. The results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA),
multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), canonical correlation analysis and
Pearson correlation analysis by SAS 9.1.3 software, the principal component analysis
(PCA) and Partial least squares regression (PLS) was used Uncrambler 9.8 ® softwarlt
was concluded that the mixture equivalent to 40% peanut oil, 20% sesame oil, 20%
passion fruit oil, and 20% soybean oil was presented as the best mix for food
composition based on fatty acids. The prediction by NIR methods were effective for
estimating non-destructive, rapid, inexpensive and direct fatty acids palmitic, stearic,
oleie, linoleic, linolenic and arachidic and physico-chemical measurements of density,
refractive index, viscosity, acid value and iodine value.
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Rodenhuis, Mary Alyson. "Effects of Grain Type and Oil Concentration of Corn Dried Distillers Grains Plus Solubles of Digestion, Finishing Performance, and Carcass Quality." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28016.
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Changes in ethanol processing have resulted in a reduction of oil in the final coproduct, DDGS, available as a feedstuff. Lowering the oil concentration can decrease the total energy in the diet and, therefore, could affect the animal?s performance. Therefore, we designed two studies where the objectives were to evaluate the influence of grain type and oil concentration of DDGS on finishing cattle performance, feeding behavior, carcass quality, and site of digestion. Our results indicated that steers fed the barley based diet were more efficient as they had a higher gain to feed ratio. Additionally, there were no effects of oil concentration of DDGS on finishing cattle performance or carcass quality. Finally, there were some differences in site of digestion between barley and corn diets however of DM, OM, CP, and starch however, no differences were found when comparing low versus moderate oil concentration DDGS.
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Pashi, Katenda. "An economic analysis of the production and utilization of high-oil corn on mixed crop and beef cattle farms in north central Missouri /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025643.
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Graham, Amanda Brooke. "The effects of low-, medium-, and high-oil dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fat quality in finishing pigs." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15851.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Animal Sciences and Industry<br>Robert Goodband<br>Three experiments used 1,756 pigs to evaluate the effects of corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) varying in oil content on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fat quality in growing-finishing pigs. A fourth experiment used 12 pigs and determined the energy concentration and nutrient digestibility of the DDGS sources used in the previous 3 growth studies. Lastly, a fifth experiment used 576 pigs to determine the effects of DDGS and wheat middlings (midds) withdrawal 24 d before harvest in diets without or with ractopamine HCl (RAC) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fat quality, and organ/intestine weights. Experiment 1 determined that increasing 7.4% oil DDGS decreased (linear, P < 0.02) ADG and G:F. Also, final BW, HCW, and carcass yield decreased (linear, P < 0.03), but jowl iodine value (IV) increased (linear, P < 0.001) as DDGS increased. Experiments 2 and 3 utilized DDGS sources that contained 5.2 vs. 9.3, and 9.2 vs. 11.8% oil, respectively. In brief, results suggested that while ADG was unaffected, feeding DDGS with 5.2% oil reduced G:F. In Exp. 4, stepwise regression was used to develop prediction equations based to determine that a 1% change in oil content of DDGS will change the DE by 71 kcal/kg and NE by 118 kcal/kg. Experiment 5 determined that pigs fed corn-soy (CS) diets throughout the finishing phase had greater (P < 0.03) ADG, G:F, and carcass yield and lower (P < 0.01) IV than those fed high fiber (HF; DDGS and wheat midds) diets throughout, with pigs fed the fiber withdrawal intermediately. Pigs fed RAC had greater (P < 0.01) ADG, G:F, and carcass yield than pigs not fed RAC. Iodine values were lowest (P < 0.01) for pigs fed the CS diets, highest (P < 0.01) for those fed HF diets throughout, and intermediate for pigs fed the withdrawal diet. Withdrawal of the HF diet to a CS diet partially mitigated negative effects on carcass yield and IV, and feeding RAC, regardless of dietary fiber regimen, improved growth performance and carcass yield.
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Maruno, Monica. "Desenvolvimento de nanoemulsões à base de óleo de gergelim aditivadas de óleo de framboesa para queimaduras da pele." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60137/tde-22102009-154453/.
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Nanoemulsões são emulsões especiais com glóbulos de tamanho na faixa de 20 a 500 nm. São sistemas que apresentam transparência ou fluidez, favorecendo o aspecto sensorial de espalhabilidade e umectação muito interessantes para produtos cosméticos destinados aos cuidados da pele e produtos para a saúde, atuando como sistemas de liberação de fármacos, além da característica nanométrica, que previne processos de instabilidade física. A queimadura da pele é o quadro resultante da ação direta ou indireta do calor sobre o organismo humano causando inflamação proporcionando intensa ação de radicais livres. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver nanoemulsões à base de óleo de gergelim aditivadas de óleo de framboesa para aplicação em queimaduras de pele. Os óleos de gergelim e framboesa apresentaram atividade antioxidante nos testes de DPPH e Xantina Oxidase. No desenvolvimento das dispersões o método de preparo por baixa energia, fundamentado na mudança de curvatura da molécula do tensoativo, foi induzido pela temperatura de inversão de fase. O resultado desta pesquisa foram duas nanoemulsões utilizando dois tensoativos derivados do óleo de rícino com diferentes etoxilações. A avaliação da estabilidade foi realizada pelo cálculo do principal mecanismo de instabilidade das nanoemulsões, chamado Ostwald ripening. O projeto também propõe uma nova metodologia para a avaliação in vitro- HET-CAM e, in vivo do eritema através da medida pelo Chroma Meter e transformação em escala dos resultados. A pesquisa demonstrou que as nanoemulsões não preveniram o processo de queimadura da pele dos camundongos hairless, mas sugere uma tendência mais rápida à redução do eritema.<br>Nanoemulsions are special systems with uniform and extremely small droplet size, in the range of 20500 nm. Due to their characteristic size, some nanoemulsions are optically transparent or translucent and have kinetic stability, low viscosity, that result in excellent espalhability and humectation making them of increasing use in many applications, for example, in cosmetics as personal care formulations, and in pharmaceutical field as drug delivery systems. The skin burn is the result of direct or indirect hot effect over human organism. This situation provokes an inflammatory process with intense action of reactive oxygen species. The aim of this research was the development of sesame indicum oil-based nanoemulsions with raspberry oil for application in skin burn. The sesame and raspberry oils presented antioxidant activity in DPPH test and Oxidase Xantine system. The dispersions were obtained by low energy method, that was based on curvature change of surfactant molecule induced for temperature. It was obtained two nanoemulsions using different surfactant castor oil derivative etoxilated. The stability assessement was realized with the calculation of main instability mechanism, the Oswald ripening rate. This Project has been carried out with an in vitro method to evaluate the toxicity (HET-CAM) and antioxidant activity (DPPH and Xantine Oxidase), and in vivo erytem evaluation with Chroma Meter. The results of in vivo test was transformed in a score, that reflected the level of erythema. This work demonstred nanoemulsion hasn´t prevented the skin burn in hairless rats, but there was a tendency to decrease the erythema.
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Gonçalves, Cintia Bernando. "Equilibrio de fases de sistemas compostos por oleos vegetais, acidos graxos e etanol hidratado." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254944.
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Orientador : Antonio Jose de Almeida Meirelles<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T22:23:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2004<br>Resumo: Este trabalho de tese de doutoramento teve como objetivo avaliar vários aspectos do processo de extração líquido-líquido (ELL) como uma rota alternativa para a desacidificação de óleos vegetais. O conhecimento do equilíbrio de fases do sistema de interesse é essencial para o bom planejamento e desenvolvimento do processo de ELL. O presente trabalho apresenta dados de equilíbrio para sistemas compostos por óleos vegetais (milho/palma), ácidos graxos (oléico/ palmítico) e solvente (etanol contendo diferentes teores de água, até 18% em massa), e a correlação destes dados empregando os modelos termodinâmicos NRTL e UNIQUAC. O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de otimizar a concentração de água no solvente para reduzir a perda de óleo neutro sem afetar de forma significativa o coeficiente de distribuição dos ácidos graxos. Para o óleo de palma, a metodologia de superfície de resposta (MSR) também foi utilizada a fim de avaliar o efeito de algumas variáveis de processo, como teor de água no solvente e razão óleo:solvente, sobre a perda de óleo neutro, transferência de ácidos graxos livres e preservação dos carotenóides. Essa metodologia permitiu otimizar a razão óleo:solvente ao redor de 0,75 e o teor de água no solvente em torno de 6%. Estudou-se, ainda, o processo de desacidificação do óleo de palma por extração líquido-líquido em equipamento contínuo, utilizando condições previamente otimizadas com o auxílio da metodologia de superfície de resposta. O impacto deste tipo de processo sobre a qualidade do produto final também foi avaliado. Os resultados indicaram que é possível obter um óleo de palma refinado com acidez livre menor do que 0,3% (em massa), mantendo um teor considerável de compostos nutracêuticos no produto refinado<br>Abstract: This PhD thesis had the aim of evaluating various aspects of the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) process as an alternative route for the deacidification of vegetable oils. The knowledge of the liquid-liquid equilibrium of the systems of interest is essential for planning and developing a LLE process. The present work reports equilibrium data for systems containing vegetable oils (corn/palm), fatty acids (oleic/ palmitic) and solvents (ethanol containing different water contents up to 18 mass%), and the correlation of these data by the NRTL and UNIQUAC models. This work was performed with the aim of optimizing the water content in the solvent in order to reduce the loss of neutral oil without affecting in a significant way the fatty acid distribution coefficients. For the palm oil, the response surface methodology (RSM) was also utilized to analyze the effect of some process variable, such as water content in the solvent and mass ratio of oil to solvent, on the loss of neutral, on the free fatty acids transfer and on the carotenoids preservation. This methodology allowed to optimize the mass ratio of oil to solvent around 0.75 and the water content in the solvent around 6 mass%. Furthermore, the deacidification of palm oil by liquid-liquid extraction in a continuous equipment was studied using the optimized conditions obtained in the response surface analysis. The impact of this type of process on the final product quality was also evaluated. The experimental results indicated that it is possible to obtain a refined palm oil with free acidity less than 0.3% (in mass), keeping a considerable content of nutraceutical compounds in the refined product<br>Doutorado<br>Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos
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Feitosa, Filipe Xavier. "Development of PVT methodology and mounting experimental apparatus." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14029.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>The aim of this work was to assemble an experimental apparatus PVT skilled labor in obtaining phase equilibria at high pressures and determining efficient methodology. Tests were performed mounting apparatus in order to develop methodology. During these tests, the data bubble point of pure carbon dioxide were determined at temperatures of 25, 26, 27 and 28  C and compared with data obtained for similar equipment, providing average deviation of 0.4 Bar, 0.6% on the extent being of the same order of magnitude compared to similar equipment. For testing systems in which one liquid component is introduced at ambient pressure in the analysis phase equilibrium torque was analyzed ethanol-CO2 at 40  C, and also compared with the literature data. The results obtained in steps preliminary analyzes showed that the system was capable of developing new data phase equilibrium. The study continued with the application development methodology for systems of viscera from fish oil + carbon dioxide oil, fish viscera + carbon dioxide + ethanol, corn oil + carbon dioxide and corn oil + ethanol + carbon dioxide at temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 110  C for systems without ethanol at temperatures of 40, 60, 80 and 110  C, for others. The phase diagrams obtained for all systems studied were of type IV according to the classification of Von Konynen and Scott, which is similar to that found in literature phase diagrams for systems consisting of triglycerides and carbon dioxide, showing the ability development of new data for the set-apparatus developed methodology.<br>O objetivo desta dissertaÃÃo foi montar um aparato experimental PVT hÃbil ao trabalho na obtenÃÃo de equilÃbrio de fases em altas pressÃes e a determinaÃÃo de metodologia eficiente. Testes de montagem no aparato foram realizados com o intuito de desenvolver a metodologia. Durantes estes testes, dados do ponto de bolha do diÃxido de carbono puro foram determinados em temperaturas de 25, 26, 27 e 28 ÂC e comparados com dados obtidos para equipamentos similares, fornecendo desvio mÃdio de 0,4 Bar, 0,6 % relativo à medida, sendo da mesma ordem de grandeza em relaÃÃo a equipamentos similares. Para testes de sistemas em que um componente lÃquido à pressÃo ambiente fosse introduzido nas anÃlises de equilÃbrio de fases o binÃrio etanol-CO2 foi analisado a 40 ÂC, e tambÃm comparado com dados da literatura. Os resultados obtidos nas etapas de anÃlises preliminares mostraram que o sistema estava apto a desenvolver novos dados de equilÃbrio de fases. Os estudos prosseguiram com o desenvolvimento da aplicaÃÃo da metodologia para os sistemas de Ãleo de vÃscera de peixe + diÃxido de carbono, Ãleo de vÃscera de peixe + etanol + diÃxido de carbono, Ãleo de milho + diÃxido de carbono e Ãleo de milho + etanol + diÃxido de carbono nas temperaturas de 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 e 110 ÂC para os sistemas sem etanol e nas temperaturas de 40, 60, 80 e 110 ÂC, para os demais. Os diagramas de fases obtidos para todos os sistemas estudados foram do tipo IV de acordo com a classificaÃÃo de Von Konynen e Scott, o que se assemelha ao encontrado na literatura de diagramas de fase para sistemas constituÃdos de triglicerÃdeos e diÃxido de carbono, mostrando a capacidade de desenvolvimento de novos dados para o conjunto metodologia-aparato desenvolvido.
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Gan, Jing. "Hydrothermal conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bio-oils." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13768.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering<br>Wenqiao Yuan<br>Donghai Wang<br>Corncobs were used as the feedstock to investigate the effect of operating conditions and crude glycerol (solvent) on bio-oil production. The highest bio-oil yield of 33.8% on the basis of biomass dry weight was obtained at 305°C, 20 min retention time, 10% biomass content, 0.5% catalyst loading. At selected conditions, bio-oil yield based on the total weight of corn cobs and crude glycerol increased to 36.3% as the crude glycerol/corn cobs ratio increased to 5. Furthermore, the optimization of operating conditions was conducted via response surface methodology. A maximum bio-oil yield of 41.3% was obtained at 280°C, 12min, 21% biomass content, and 1.56% catalyst loading. A highest bio-oil carbon content of 74.8% was produced at 340°C with 9% biomass content. A maximum carbon recovery of 25.2% was observed at 280°C, 12min, 21% biomass content, and 1.03% catalyst loading.
The effect of biomass ecotype and planting location on bio-oil production were studied on big bluestems. Significant differences were found in the yield and elemental composition of bio-oils produced from big bluestem of different ecotypes and/or planting locations. Generally, the IL ecotype and the Carbondale, IL and Manhattan, KS planting locations gave higher bio-oil yield, which can be attributed to the higher total cellulose and hemicellulose content and/or the higher carbon but lower oxygen contents in these feedstocks. Bio-oil from the IL ecotype also had the highest carbon and lowest oxygen contents, which were not affected by the planting location.
In order to better understand the mechanisms of hydrothermal conversion, the interaction effects between cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in hydrothermal conversion were studied. Positive interaction between cellulose and lignin, but negative interaction between cellulose and hemicellulose were observed. No significant interaction was found between hemicelluose and lignin. Hydrothermal conversion of corncobs, big bluestems, switchgrass, cherry, pecan, pine, hazelnut shell, and their model biomass also were conducted. Bio-oil yield increased as real biomass cellulose and hemicellulose content increased, but an opposite trend was observed for low lignin content model biomass.
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Monoson, Ted. "Implications of a renewable fuels standard." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8405.
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Master of Agribusiness<br>Department of Agricultural Economics<br>Allen M. Featherstone<br>During the past 10 years, ethanol production in the United States has grown exponentially. From 2000 to 2009 U.S. ethanol production increased from 1.6 billion gallons annually to 10.8 billion gallons annually. In 2010, U.S ethanol production increased by 23 percent from 2009 to 13.23 billion gallons. The increase in ethanol production was due to lawmakers reacting to skyrocketing oil prices by implementing a Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS) in 2005 and expanding the RFS in 2007. The RFS requires the use of specified amounts of biofuels, such as ethanol, through the year 2022. The creation of the RFS represented a step beyond lawmakers’ usual policy of using the tax code to promote ethanol production. There is a long history of encouraging ethanol production by using the tax code, but the implementation of a biofuels mandate is new and therefore there is not a great deal of research on the effects of such a policy.
This study analyzes U.S. oil, unleaded gasoline, corn and ethanol prices dating back to 1985 to determine the impact that the RFS has had on corn prices. The key question answered is whether the creation and expansion of the RFS has brought the instability of the oil market into the corn market. The prices that an ethanol plant in western Kansas paid for the grain it used to produce ethanol and the price that the plant received for the ethanol that it produced are also analyzed. The plant began operation in January 2004, so it is possible to analyze the grain and ethanol prices both before and after the implementation and expansion of the RFS.
To study the impact of the RFS creation and expansion, the prices were analyzed to see if there was an increase in the correlation after the creation and expansion of the RFS. Regression analysis of the national corn prices and the prices that Western Plains Energy paid for the grain that it used to produce ethanol; and regression analysis of the national price of ethanol and the price that Western Plains Energy sold its ethanol for were also used to study the impact of the RFS. Finally, the vector autoregression (VAR) model is used to analyze the dynamic relationships between the variables in the system: corn price, oil price, ethanol price and unleaded gasoline price.
The analysis of the correlation reveals that both at the national and plant level grain and oil prices track much more closely together after the creation and then expansion of the RFS. The VAR reveals that there is some relationship between corn and oil prices contemporaneously. The correlation matrix of residuals reveals that there is not a strong correlation between national corn and oil prices. The results suggest the need for greater research in this area. The creation and expansion of the RFS represented a step into uncharted territory and the consequences are still not known.
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Monteiro, Érika Maria Henriques. "Desenvolvimento de solução enxaguatória bucal bifásica contendo extratos naturais de plantas." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2012. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4263.
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Previous issue date: 2012-07-17<br>CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>A abrangência da utilização de fitoterápicos e de plantas medicinais é vasta e engloba fins variados, também em relação à saúde bucal. O controle do biofilme bacteriano dentro das diversas especialidades odontológicas é de grande importância, pois aponta tanto para a prevenção, como para o tratamento, da cárie e de doenças periodontais. Com a finalidade de auxiliar os métodos convencionais de higiene bucal, muitos agentes químicos vêm sendo estudados, entre produtos com
ação antimicrobiana e antiinflamatória. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de propor o desenvolvimento um enxaguatório bucal bifásico contendo extratos naturais. Fezse o screening fotoquímico dos extratos aquosos de Eucalyptus globulus, Mentha arvensis e a identificação por CG/EM dos compostos principais do óleo de gergelim. Realizou-se experimentos para testar a ação antimicrobiana dos extratos aquosos de Eucalyptus globulus, Mentha arvensis e o óleo de gergelim (teste de difusão em agar, concentração mínima inibitória (CIM) e concentração mínima de aderência
(CIMA) frente a cepa padrão Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Realizou-se também ensaios para avaliar a ação antiinflamatória e antinociceptiva do óleo de gergelim. Nos extratos aquosos de M. arvensis não foram encontrados taninos, flavonóides e saponinas, também não apresentaram atividade sobre a bactéria testada. O extrato aquoso de E. globlulus foi positivo para a presença de taninos,
flavonóides e saponinas. Também apresentou atividade sobre Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 observando um halo de 20,0 ± 0,66 cm (p<0,05), a CIM e a CIMA foi determinada com a E4 (12,5 mg/mL), o óleo de gergelim não apresentou halo no teste de difusão em Agar, acredita-se que seja pelo fator de difusão do óleo, pois em meio líquido apresentou atividade,a CIM e CIMA foi a OG 3 (25%). O óleo de gergelim apresentou atividade antiinflamatória e antinociceptiva nos ensaios realizados e no CG/EM deste óleo mostrou a presença de ácido graxos insaturados que já possuem atividades antiinflamatórias comprovadas. Conclui-se que os extratos aquosos de E. globlulus e o óleo de gergelim possuem potencial para serem empregados como prováveis enxaguatórios bucais.<br>The extent of use of herbal and medicinal plants is vast and encompasses varied purposes, also in relation to oral health. The control of the biofilm within the various specialties dental is of great importance because it points for both the prevention and for the treatment of dental caries and periodontal disease. In order to assist the conventional oral hygiene methods, many chemical agents have been studied, among products with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory action. This study aimed to
develop a proposed two-phase mouthwash containing natural extracts. There was photochemical screening of aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus globulus, Mentha arvensis, identifying by GC / MS of the main compounds of sesame oil. We conducted experiments to test the antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus globlulus, Mentha arvensis and sesame oil (agar diffusion test, minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum concentration of adhesion (MICA) compared to standard strain Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Also conducted tests to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory action of sesame oil. The aqueous extract of M. arvensis were not found tannins, flavonoids and saponins, this also did not show activity against the bacteria tested. The aqueous extract of E. globulus was positive for the presence of tannins, flavonoids and saponins. Also showed activity against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 observed a halo of 20.0 ± 0.66 cm (p <0.05), MIC and MICA was determined with the E4 (12.5 mg/ml), the oil sesame not present in the test halo Agar diffusion is believed to be by a factor of oil dilution, as in liquid medium was active, the MICA and MIC was OG 3 (25%l). Sesame oil presented antinociceptive and antiinflammatory tests and GC / MS of this
oil showed the presence of unsaturated fatty acid that already have proven antiinflammatory activities. It is concluded that the aqueous extract of E. globlulus and sesame oil are potentially likely to be mployed as mouthwashes.
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Huang, Cheng-Jhih, and 黃承智. "Ethanolic extraction for sesame oil." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a6snjv.
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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>食品科學系所<br>105<br>Lipid oxidation has been recognized as the major problem affecting the quality of edible oils. It also causes the deteriorative changes in the chemical, sensory and nutritional properties. Sesame oil is known to be significantly resistant to oxidative rancidity. Today, different food processing methods are also involved in sesame oil produced, such as microwave technology, infrared heating technology, look forward to produce better quality. In this study, ethanol was used as the solvent to extract sesame oil. During pretreatment, different concentrations of four ethanol groups (30%, 50%, 70% and 95%) will be used to determine the extraction efficiency. Then, experiments such as DPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenol content and so on were used to confirm the contributions of antioxidants. At the same time, four groups of the traditional sesame oil (120℃, 150℃, 180℃ and 210℃) which was processed from roasting and squeezing treatment was used as the control. The results of the first stage showed the higher ethanol concentrations produced lower total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The extraction with 95% ethanol got the lowest acid value, peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid value. Lignans was regarded as the most active compound in sesame, by determination of HPLC, the results showed that 120℃traditional process oils increased the most sesamin contents, 30% ethanol extract oils increase the most sesamolin contents, 210℃traditional process oils increased the most sesamol contents. In the second stage, eight weeks oven storage experiments with 65℃, 120℃, 210℃traditional process and 30% ethanol extract oils was carried out. The results showed traditional process with 210℃showed the best antioxidative activity, 30% ethanol extract oils were the second. Therefore, ethanol extract oils contain more lignans, while the antioxidant capacity from lignans less than antioxidant substances which are from Maillard reaction. In the future, ethanol extract sesame oils with favorite amber color will be potential to replace low temperature roasted sesame oil, and more useful for vegetable salad.
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SRIVASTAVA, TULIKA. "SOLAR ASSISTED BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM SESAME OIL." Thesis, 2017. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/15813.
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The depletion of exhaustible resources such as fossil fuels, alternative energy sources are more focussed now-as-days. Biodiesel, being a source of clean energy can be a good alternative to prevent the depletion of petro-fuels as it is produced from edible and non-edible oils which renewable and non-toxic in nature. Transesterification is the only process for synthesis of biodiesel. This process involves, heating of triglyceride with methanol in the presence of catalyst like KOH. In this project, biodiesel was produced from sesame oil by using solar technology. The conversion yield was maximized using Response Surface Method and Taguchi’s method of optimization. This method was adequate for calculating the effect of control parameters as well as it optimizes the experiment with finite number of runs. Comparison and cost analysis by various methods including parabolic dish type collector, box type solar cooker and mechanical method for making biodiesel is done in this project. At the end, results were compared for mechanical method as well as solar assisted method of biodiesel production. It was concluded that the quality and conversion yield of biodiesel produced from solar assisted method is better even when there is no requirement of mechanical stirring in this method.
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Chi-Chung, Peng, and 彭及忠. "Development and Applications of Artificial Sesame Oil Body." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23677414703410952926.
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博士<br>國立中興大學<br>生物科技學研究所<br>92<br>Oil bodies of sesame seeds comprise a triacylglycerol matrix, which is surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids embedded mostly with structural proteins, oleosins. Similar to native oil bodies in vivo and in vitro, reconstituted oil bodies of the same composition maintained as discrete particles of 0.3-3.5 m. Comparable thermostability and structural stability were observed in reconstituted oil bodies as well as purified ones. The sizes of reconstituted oil bodies displayed a normal distribution with an average size proportional to the ratio of triacylglycerols to oil-body proteins. Both thermostability and structural stability of reconstituted oil bodies decreased as their sizes increased, and vice versa. These results suggest that the size of oil bodies is controlled by the availability of triacylglycerols and oil-body proteins during seed maturation, and restricted to a narrow range due to a compromise between minimizing usage of oil-body proteins and stabilizing the organelle effectively. An expression/purification system was developed using artificial oil bodies as carriers for producing recombinant proteins. A target protein, green fluorescent protein (GFP), was firstly expressed in Escherichia coli as an insoluble recombinant protein fused to oleosin, a unique structural protein of seed oil bodies, by a linker sequence susceptible to factor Xa cleavage. Artificial oil bodies were constituted with triacylglycerol, phospholipid, and the insoluble recombinant protein, oleosin-Xa-GFP. After centrifugation, the oleosin-fused GFP was exclusively found on the surface of artificial oil bodies presumably with correct folding to emit fluorescence under excitation. Proteolytic cleavage with factor Xa separated soluble GFP from oleosins that were embedded in the artificial oil bodies; thus after re-centrifugation, GFP of high yield and purity was harvested simply by concentrating the supernatant. Cystatin, a cysteine protease inhibitor, was similarly produced by this system using papain, an inexpensive cysteine protease, in proteolytic cleavage to replace the expensive factor Xa.
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Wu, Chung-Li, and 吳崇立. "Evaluation of Various Properties of Sesame Oil Blended with Different Proportions of Soybean Oil." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12899278804188237060.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>食品暨應用生物科技學系所<br>105<br>Owning to the demand of market, blended sesame oil and sesame flavor oil are blended products derived from sesame oil. The ingredients of these products are sesame oil blended with different levels of soybean oil in general. In this study, the antioxidant activity, physiologically active substance, oxidation stability, and fatty acid composition of the blended products were discussed. The gas chromatograph analyses showed that the fatty acid compositions of sesame oil and soybean oil were both similar to each other. Referring to the DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TECA), and the levels of sesamin, and sesamolin, sesame oil were found to be have obviously higher values than those of the other oil products blended with soybean oil. In addition, IC50 value indicated that sesame flavor oil performed better in ferric reducing antioxidant power. The p-anisidine values, which represented the oxidation level of sesame oil, blended sesame oil, sesame flavor oil, and soybean oil, were 7.51, 6.19, 5.08, and 3.23, respectively. Our results demonstrated that sesame oil had a higher oxidation level than the other oil samples.
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Lee, Wei-Ju, and 李偉如. "Studies on the Method for Discriminating Sesame Oil Blended with Other Edible Vegetable Oil." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99034585090081469027.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>農業化學研究所<br>99<br>The aim of this study is to develop an analytical approach for discriminating sesame oil blended with soybean oil or canola oil. Firstly we established a promising HPLC-ELSD chromatographic condition for the detection of triacylglycerol (TAG) species of oil samples. TAG species of all oil samples were then determined under the conditions. Based on the composition of TAG species of oil samples, three unique peaks assigned as LLnL, OLnL and PLnL which did not appear on the chromatogram of any sesame oil samples represented that the characteristic components of soybean oil could be employed as judging the adulteration of sesame oil with soybean oil. Similarly, the unique components, OLnL and OLnO of canola oil could be used for judging the adulteration of sesame oil with canola oil. Additionally, a statistical method, namely discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), using TAG species of oil sample as parameters was employed for qualitative analysis of sesame oil blended with soybean oil or canola oil. The results showed that this statistical method was feasible and promising to judge the adulteration of sesame oils with soybean oils or canola oils.
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Wu, Bohong, and 吳柏宏. "Studies on sesame regeneration system and oil body induction in cultured sesame cells." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74372695818186777576.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>農業生物科技學研究所<br>89<br>Plant-based expression systems for the production of recombinant proteins and peptides have been recently received much attention. Oleosin, an unique tissue-specific structural protein expressed in plant seed oil body, has been recognized to be a good carriers for producing foreign proteins. The recombinant proteins carried by oleosins can be easily purified using centrifugation based on the fact that oil-body has lower buoyant density than water. Sesame is one of the important oil seed crops in the world, and its seed possesses more than 50 % oil content in dry weight which makes it a very good candidate as an oil body-based expression system. However, before we can put it into practice, an efficient cell expression system has to be firstly established. This study is to investigate the effects of culture conditions on callus induction from sesame seed, regeneration of plant from somatic embryos, and also on the changes of oil-body content in the cultured cells. According to morphological appearance, the induced calli were classified into three different cell types, i.e. type I, II, and III. The type III callus, which showed embryogenic characteristic, were selected and tested for their regeneration response. The best condition was found to be with 6 % maltose, 1 mg/l NAA, and 1 mg/l BA. We also examined the effects of different salts, 2,4-D vs. BA ratios, and different additives on the oil body content in the callus and the suspension cells. It was found that the oil content in either callus or suspension cells increased with the elevated 2,4-D concentration in the culture medium. Addition of 0.1 mg/l or 0.2 mg/l ABA was found also increase the oil contents in the sesame calli. Comparison of callus induced from various sesame varieties indicated that they all have an average of about 1﹪oil content.
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張衣承. "Study on enhancing oxidative stability of soybean oil with addition of preheated sesame oil blends." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93181780120858020948.
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Liu, Chien-Yin, and 劉劍音. "Study on the Aqueous Extract Method makes Sesame Oil." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cdvw3p.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>化學工程研究所<br>98<br>The sesame is one of the oldest crops for oil which includes its highly rate with oil and high nutrition, and it is also edible. Moreover, its chemical stability can be used in anti-oxidant, reducing the cholesterol and removing the internal free radicals. The sesame contains various kinds of natural anti-oxidant materials, such as chemical compound and cholesterol of plants--sesaminol, seasamol, tocopherol, ect.
The black sesame oil usually is used with cooking and for nourishing; the white sesame oil comes in cold with sauce and dip. The sesames oil come in different ways, like Mechanical Method, Pomade Extraction Method, Aqueous Extraction Method and so on. People in nowadays adopt the methods with far-infrared, microwave, pressure cooking and others. The food industry generally adopts the Compression Method, which is easy to administrate in production and in quantity, and it is able to operate soaking out oil for many times. However, it is highly influential by the heat of raging fire during the fry process and renders the flavor of over-burned and bitterness. Therefore, the fragrant in Compression Method is weaker than the fragrant in Aqueous Extract Method of Aqueous Extraction Method while we choose white sesame as the material in oil production.
This research observes the Aqueous Extract Method operated by the North Sesame Oil factory with the white sesame, imported from Myanmar. In the process, we try to stir with adding different proportions of water. Then, we design agitation apparatus to stir with adding different proportion of water, and the outcome presents itself that when the factory uses Pitched Curve Paddle Impeller with adding water respectively in the proportion of 50%, 20% and 15%，oil is produced in 85.35% as output. This is the best proposition of adding water in Pitched Curve Paddle Impeller. While we add water in the Helical-Ribbon with Screw Impeller respectively with the proportion of 60%, 20% and 15%，which are the best proportions in process, the producing rate achieves 93.43% as output.
After changing the agitation apparatus, the interval of the sesame mixed with water is shortened, the power of wastage diminished, and the producing rate creased. Though the oil produced by Aqueous Extract Method has unique fragrant, it’s difficult in continuous operation. For extending the endurance of this method, what can be done is to carry on improving its producing process and reduce the advantages of time and manpower consuming in order to increase its Return on Investment.
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Li-Jen, Lin, and 林麗娟. "Steroleosins,Sterol-Binding Dehydrogenase in Sesame Seed Oil Bodies." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61161095577708835179.
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博士<br>國立中興大學<br>生物科技學研究所<br>92<br>ABSTRACT
Seed oil bodies are lipid storage organelles that comprise a triacylglycerol matrix surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids embedded with proteins. The oil-body associated proteins include the abundant structural protein, oleosin and at least three minor proteins, Sop1-3. Recently, the gene encoding Sop1 protein was cloned from maturing sesame seeds. The Sop1 sequence analyses and biochemical studies indicated that the protein is calcium-binding, and thus named caleosin. This dissertation intended to study structure-function relationship of Sop2 and Sop3 and their targeting to oil bodies during seed maturation.
In 2000, the Sop2 cDNA sequence and its corresponding genomic sequence from maturing sesame seeds was cloned by immuno-screening. The deduced protein, tentatively named steroleosin, seems to exist in diverse seed oil bodies, and comprises an oil-body anchoring segment preceding a sterol-binding dehydrogenase involved in signal transduction in diverse organisms. Southern hybridization implies that one steroleosin gene and certain steroleosin-like genes may exist in sesame genome. The results suggest that different sterol-binding dehydrogenases/reductases may be present in diverse plant tissues and involved in signal transduction.
In 2002, the Sop3 cDNA sequence was cloned by PCR, the last and the least abundant of the proteins identified in oil bodies of sesame seeds as far. Sequence comparison revealed that Sop2 and Sop3 were homologous proteins, and thus tentatively named steroleosin-A and steroleosin-B. These two steroleosins possessed a conserved NADP+ binding subdomain but a diverse sterol-binding subdomain of different size. Although Sop2 and Sop3 were found homologous, they could not be cross-recognized immunologically with the antibodies prepared in our lab. Dehydrogenase activity detected in their expressed proteins indicated that steroleosin-B might comparably possess a broader sterol selectivity and higher NADP+ specificity than steroleosin-A.
In 2003, I proved that steroleosin-A/steroleosin-B and caleosin/oleosin may target to maturing oil bodies via distinct pathways. The hydrophobic domain responsible for oil-body anchoring is located in the N-terminal region of steroleosin, but in the central region of caleosin or oleosin. Steroleosin possessed a free methionine at its N-terminus while caleosin and oleosin were N-terminally blocked. In contrast with caleosin and oleosin, steroleosin preferentially targeted to microsomal membranes instead of artificial oil emulsions in an in vitro competition experiment.
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Gu, Zi-Xian, and 古子賢. "The Development and Application of Molecular Diagnostic Method for The Detection of Papaya, Sesame Oil, Peanut Oil, Tea Oil Ingredient in Foods." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bq883x.
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Chen, Emily C. F., and 陳靖棻. "Identification of Three Novel Seed Oil Body Proteins in Sesame." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94237134531967892518.
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Si-JinChen and 陳思瑾. "Effect of sesame oil on acute gouty inflammation in rats." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86879923083531227441.
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Huang, Hui-Jean, and 黃惠靖. "Effects of Sesame Oil on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Endotoxemia in Rats." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27647776399863906226.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>環境醫學研究所<br>91<br>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the main component of the outer cell wall in all Gram-negative bacteria, triggers severe pathologic alternations, such as systemic inflammation, multiple organ dysfunction (MOD), and death in clinical studies. Despite significant advances in the management of sepsis, MOD remains the leading cause of death in septic patients. It was found that sesame oil (SO) could scavenge free radical, reduce lipid peroxidation (LPO), attenuate the LPS-induced MOD, and increase survival rate of sepsis in animal studies.
Rats were challenged intraperitoneally with 1 mg/kg LPS. SO (8 ml/kg) was given right after LPS administration. Blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 6, 12, or 24 hrs after LPS-injection. Serum levels of asparate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), total bilirubin (TBIL), LPO, superoxide anion, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalse (CAT), serum levels of glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide, pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b), and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) were determined.
After LPS injection, SO: (1) up-regulated LPS-induced TNF-a at 1 hr and down-regulated at 3 hrs; (2) reduced IL-1β at 3 hrs, but increased at 12 hrs; (3) slightly but not significantly inhibited IL-10 levels; (4) increased serum levels of nitric oxide at 1, 3, 6, and 12 hrs; (5) reduced LPS-induced superoxide anion at 12 and 24 hrs; (6) failed to affect SOD and CAT activities; (7) up-regulated GSH at 1, 12 and 24 hrs; (8) slightly but not significantly increased LPS-induced LPO; (9) □increased LPS-induced liver injury. It is concluded that SO may not protect against low-dose LPS-induced endotoxemia in rats.
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Yang, Ling-Yu, and 楊亮渝. "Detection of sesame and peanut in oil by PCR method." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15211226831272097234.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>食品暨應用生物科技學系所<br>103<br>In the oil Products, sesame oil and peanut oil are the important in catering food. In recent years, several commercial oil contaminated event, the traditional oil row spring up again. The experiment will test the use of PCR to detect the DNA in the presence of oil or not, to find out if there are contained in the target of sesame and peanuts.
The samples were taken in place of the traditional press line oil and commercial oil. Standard: peanuts and sesame seeds. Target gene: peanut ITS1, sesame 2S albumin. Introduction group uses: PF / PR (peanuts, 181bp), SesF / SesR (sesame, 146bp). DNA extraction method with oil separately announcement PCR peanut and sesame oils qualitative detection, using 2% agar electrophoresis run, and finally the use of UV Fluorescence Imaging System and analyzed.
The results, regardless of flavor blending peanut oil, cold press oil extraction of oil or traditional, can be because the contents have been detected in the presence of peanuts, but there are shades of DNA fragments of the points. Sesame oil is obviously significant differences. The resulting DNA fragment shading sesame oil and peanut oil or the presence or absence inference might extraction methods, storage methods, extraction methods.
The purpose of this experiment is to use PCR method to detect sesame oil and peanut oil, with 100% oil and mixed oil to detect DNA fragments and DNA concentration is significantly high and low, to discuss commercial oil labeled correctly, and then apply the inspects of food oil products.
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Huang, Ya-Jing, and 黃雅菁. "Effects of consuming sesame-oil chicken with rice wine on breastfeeding." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35903076430414234271.
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碩士<br>臺北醫學大學<br>保健營養學系<br>91<br>The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of consuming sesame-oil chicken with rice wine on breastfeeding. Twenty-three healthy and non-alcohol sensitive lactating women were recruited from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Taipei Medical University Wan-Fang Hospital. Use standard materials and methods to prepare non-alcoholic sesame-oil chicken soup as control (CS) and sesame-oil chicken with rice wine soup (AS) which alcohol concentration was 40 mg/mL as experimental material. Each woman took 2 testing days that separated by 1 week, and they were instructed to refrain from drinking any alcoholic beverages or diets before the 3 days of the two testing days. Before experiment, each subject emptied both breast by using an electric breast pump, and then drank 8 mL/kg of body weight CS or AS. After 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 90 min of CS or AS consumption, the subject collected 2 mL milk respectively. The amount of milk yield within 30 min and the time of the first droplet of milk to be ejected were measured after 120 min of CS or AS consumption. Blood samples were also collected before experiment and after 20, 40, 60, 90, 120 min of CS or AS consumption. The results show that, maximum blood and milk alcohol concentration were achieved after 25±11 and 32±19 min of AS consumption respectively. The blood and milk alcohol concentration of most subjects returned to the basal alcohol levels after 150 min of AS consumption. The time for the first droplet of milk to be ejected was significantly longer after consuming AS than CS. The milk yield within 30 min was significantly decreased in thirteen subjects and increased in ten subjects after consuming AS. In conclusion, the prolongation of milk ejection time was the main effects of consuming sesame-oil chicken with rice wine on breastfeeding. According to the present study, it recommends to breast-feed milk after 2.5 hours or more than 2.5 hours of consumption to avoid the risk on infants caused by alcohol exposure of breast milk.
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Wang, Liang-Kai, and 王亮凱. "Effect of Sesame Oil against Thioacetamide-induced Hepatic Injury in Rats." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16910504154256836328.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>環境醫學研究所<br>97<br>Introduction: Thioacetamide (TAA) is used to induce many acute hepatic injuries, such as fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in animal models which relate to oxidative stress injuries. Many studies show that sesame oil (SO) protects liver through decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in acute animal models.
Objective: To investigate the effect of SO on TAA-induced acute hepatic injury.
Design: TAA (100 mg/kg; i.p) was used to induce acute hepatic injury. SO (1, 2, 4, and 8 ml/kg; orally) was administrated on different time points (0, 6, and 12h) after TAA injection. The serum and liver tissue samples were collected to analyze liver injuries on hepatic aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and inflammatory regulators such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10).
Results: There was no significant difference between AST and ALT by using single dose of SO treatment. Double dose of SO treatments (0 and 12 h) with in 24 h also showed no significant difference on TAA-induced acute hepatic injury. However, the triple dose of SO treatments (0, 6, and 12 h) showed a significant decreased on AST and ALT with 4 ml/kg sesame oil, and the MDA level in liver also showed significant decreased. Also MPO activity was decreased after sesame oil treatment.
Conclusion: SO attenuated TAA-induced acute hepatic injury significantly by using triple SO oral treatments. And the protection of SO was related with inhibition of MPO activity, furthermore, improved LPO injury.
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Liu, Chuan-teng, and 劉傳騰. "Effect of sesame oil on gentamicin-induced renal injury in rats." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30660393131120461289.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>環境醫學研究所<br>97<br>Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of sesame oil on gentamicin-induced renal damage in rats.
Design: ( i ) Rat renal injury was induced by gentamicin (100 mg/kg/d, sc), and sesame oil (ranging 0 to 8 ml/kg/d, orally) was given simultaneously for one week. ( ii ) In therapeutic experiment, a single dose of sesame oil (ranging 0 to 8 ml/kg, orally) was given after gentamicin administration. Serum renal function as well as renal lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite, superoxide anion, nitric oxide, xanthine oxidase, and nitric oxide synthase were determined 8 days post-treatment.
Results: ( i ) Daily supplement of sesame oil (a) attenuated renal tubular necrosis and creatinine clearance, (b) inhibited serum blood urea nitrogen,
creatinine levels, renal lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, nitric oxide, xanthine oxidase, and nitric oxide synthase in gentamicin-treated rats.( ii ) A single dose of sesame oil ameliorated serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels and inhibited renal lipid peroxidation, peroxynitrite, superoxide anion and nitrite in gentamicin-treated rats.
Conclusion: Sesame oil might attenuate gentamicin-induced renal injury by inhibiting oxidative stress in rats, and might be a useful therapeutic agent.
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Xu, Xi-Liang, and 徐錫樑. "Studies on improvement of the processing and quality of sesame oil." Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15696852524784683099.
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Ying-ChienChen and 陳瑩倩. "Effects of sesame oil on ketoconazole-induced hepatic injury in mice." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65546421036860383202.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>環境醫學研究所<br>103<br>Ketoconazole is one of the most commonly used systemic antifungal drugs. However, long-term treatment of ketoconazole causes hepatic injury in patients. Oxidative stress and its related apoptosis are involved in ketoconazole-induced hepatic injury. Sesame oil is edible oil derived from sesame seeds rich with potent antioxidants. It protects against oxidative stress-associated hepatic injury in various models. However, the effect of sesame oil on ketoconazole-induced hepatic injury has never been investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effect of sesame oil on ketoconazole-induced hepatic injury in mice. Ketoconazole (300 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was given 30 min after sesame oil (0.25 or 0.5 ml/kg/day, p.o.) to ICR mice for 14 days. Blood and liver tissue were collected. Neutrophil activation was determined by myeloperoxidase activity. Free radicals, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione were measured to assess oxidative stress. Apoptosis was evaluated by p53, bcl-2, and caspase3 expression. Hepatic injury was evaluated by p450 expression, serum biochemistry, histology, and osteopontin level. Sesame oil inhibited caspase3 and p53, but increased bcl-2 compared with ketoconazole-treated mice. Further, sesame oil inhibited lipid-peroxidation, increased glutathione, and inhibited myeloperoxidase activity in ketoconazole-treated mice. Sesame oil maintained cytochrome p450 expression, inhibited osteopontin level, and inhibited serum AST and ALT in ketoconazole-treated mice. In conclusion, sesame oil might protect against ketoconazole-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting neutrophil activation thereby decreased oxidative stress-associated apoptosis in mice.