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Journal articles on the topic 'Sesame seed'
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1
OJIAMBO, P. S., P. O. AYIECHO, R. D. NARLA, and R. K. MIBEY. "TOLERANCE LEVEL OF ALTERNARIA SESAMI AND THE EFFECT OF SEED INFECTION ON YIELD OF SESAME IN KENYA." Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 3 (July 2000): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700003069.
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Field plots of sesame (Sesamum indicum) with six different levels of seed infection with Alternaria sesami were monitored for Alternaria leaf spot severity at Kibwezi, eastern Kenya. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of seed transmission of the pathogen on yield and tolerance level of the fungus in sesame seed. Increase in percentage leaf area diseased and percentage defoliation fitted the Gompertz model more closely than the logistic model. Areas under disease progress curves (AUDPC), infection and defoliation rates varied among the six infection levels. Disease severity increased with increase in seed infection and was least and most severe in plots established with seeds with 0 and 8% infection levels respectively. Yields ranged from 234.9 to 300.1 kg ha−1 compared with 312.5 kg ha−1 for the control, and losses due to seed infection ranged from 4% to 25%. Disease severity was negatively correlated with seed yield, 1000-seed weight and seeds per capsule. Alternaria leaf spot severity had a major effect on the seed weight component of yield. Tolerance level of A. sesami in sesame seed was determined to be less than 2%.
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Matsumura, Shinichi, Kazuya Murata, Nobuhiro Zaima, Yuri Yoshioka, Masanori Morimoto, Hideaki Matsuda, and Masahiro Iwaki. "Inhibitory Activities of Sesame Seed Extract and its Constituents against β-Secretase." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 11 (November 2016): 1934578X1601101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601101112.
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The need for a preventive agent against dementia led us to screen natural plant resources. Among the herbs and spices tested, sesame seed prepared from Sesamum indicum seeds showed potent β-secretase inhibitory activity. The active principles were determined to be sesamin and sesamolin, typical lignans in S. indicum. The IC50 values of sesamin and sesamolin were 257 and 140 μM, respectively. These compounds were investigated in a preliminary absorption experiment. After oral administration, these compounds were detected in an intact form in the brain and serum. These results suggest that consumption of sesame seeds may prevent dementia by sesamin and sesamolin, the constituents in sesame seeds.
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Jamarkattel-Pandit, Nirmala. "Comparative Study of White and Black Sesame by Using Oxygen Glucose Deprivation on PC12 Cells." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 5, no. 1 (November 21, 2019): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.26.
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world. It is not only a source of edible oil, but also widely used in baked goods and confectionery products. Sesame seed varies considerably in color, size, and texture of the seed coat. The most commonly used are of white and black sesame, having almost same pharmacological activity and contain almost same components. However, it is reported that the components, such as Se, Zn, Fe, Mg, sesamin, and vitamin E, are different between the white and the black coat sesame. Active components of sesame seeds has been reported as protective effects against neuronal damage induced by chemical hypoxia or hydrogen peroxide but there was no sufficient biological study of white sesame and black sesame. In present study, oxygen and glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD-R) model, an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was used to investigate the effects and comparative study of white sesame and black sesame on different cell lines. This result clearly demonstrated that crude extract of white sesame is superior than crude extract of black sesame and fractions of white sesame and black sesame protected PC12 cells from hypoxia-induced stress.
Keywords: Oxygen glucose deprivation, PC12 Cells, Ischemia model, Sesamum indicum L.
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Roy, Barnali, and Amit Kumar Pal. "Selection criteria of some advance lines of sesame by the study of correlation and path coefficient analysis." Plant Science Today 6, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.3.565.
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the major oil yielding plant in India, but the production of sesame seed is very low. Now it is necessary to establish the selection criteria that directly or indirectly increase the seed yield per sesame plant. In this study, freshly harvested seeds of 21 stable advance lines of sesame and their 8 parents such as R-9, B-14, B-9, B-67, T-12, IDP-51, IET-2, HT-1 were taken to evaluate the selection criteria for higher seed yield. The results indicated that number of branches/plant, number of capsule/plant, number of seeds/capsule and 100 seed weight were strongly related with sesame yield. Thus, selection of advance lines of sesame, that have higher seed yield, can be done on the basis of number of branches/plant, number of seeds/capsule, 100 seed weight and harvest index. Moreover, these traits may be employed as the selection criteria for the betterment of sesame seed yield in future agricultural system.
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Alshahrani, Saeed, Aseel Abid Al Sreaya, Mohammad Yahya Mashyakhi, Saad Alqahtani, Sivagurunathan Moni Sivakumar, Hassan Ahmed Alhazmi, Ziaur Rehman, and Firoz Alam. "Chemical characterization and antibacterial efficacy of Saudi sesame oil against human pathogenic bacteria." Environment Conservation Journal 21, no. 1&2 (June 9, 2020): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2020.211203.
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Bacterial infection and its resistance is a major health issue that affects millions of people throughout the world. There is always a need to search forth new and safest drug from natural resources to fight these challenges. Sesame seed essential oil is a rich source of protein with high medicinal value since the ancient time peoples are using for several remedies in Saudi Arabia.Therefore, the current study is aimed to discover the potential activity of the locally available sesame oil for antibacterial action based on ethnobotanical knowledge and traditional utilization as a therapeutic agent to treat several kinds of health problem in Saudi culture. Gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of sesame essential oil extracted from locally available sesame seeds represented 39 different chemical compounds. Sesamin and sesamol were the principal components alongwith fatty acids and triglycerides. Results indicated that the locally available sesame oil was found rich in sesamin contents (24.45%). The spectrum of antibacterial effect of sesame seed essential oil was exhibited significantly against Escherichia coli followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. The results indicate that sesame oil was found most effective against three bacteria i.e. E. coli, S. aureus and S. pyogenes.
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Hadeel, S. Y., S. A. Khalida, and Marie Walsh. "Antioxidant activity of sesame seed lignans in sunflower and flaxseed oils." Food Research 4, no. 3 (December 22, 2019): 612–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(3).331.
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This study investigated the antioxidant activity of crude lignan extracts and purified lignans (sesamin, sesamolin, and sesamol) in sunflower and flaxseed oils. Lignan extracts were prepared from roasted sesame seed oil (LRSO) and unroasted sesame seed oil (LUSO). Additionally, the individual lignans were purified from both oils. The crude extracts and purified lignans were added at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03% to the oils and stored at 25 and 65°C over time and peroxide values and thiobarbituric acid values were measured. Each oil showed an increase in oxidation over time, with the samples stored at 65°C exhibiting accelerated oxidation. In general, LRSO showed higher antioxidant activity than LUSO and the antioxidant activity was similar to the antioxidant activity of butylated hydroxytoluene (0.02% BHT) in both oils when used at concentrations of 0.02 and 0.03%. Sesamol showed the highest antioxidant activity of each of the purified lignans followed by sesamin and sesamolin respectively. Crude and purified sesame lignans may have potential applications as natural antioxidants in food systems
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Johnson, Wilbur, Wilma F. Bergfeld, Donald V. Belsito, Ronald A. Hill, Curtis D. Klaassen, Daniel C. Liebler, James G. Marks, et al. "Amended Safety Assessment of Sesamum Indicum (Sesame) Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Sesame Seed Oil, Sesamum Indicum (Sesame) Oil Unsaponifiables, and Sodium Sesameseedate." International Journal of Toxicology 30, no. 3_suppl (May 2011): 40S—53S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581811406987.
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Sesamum indicum (sesame) seed oil and related cosmetic ingredients are derived from Sesamum indicum. Sesamum indicum (sesame) seed oil, sesamum indicum (sesame) oil unsaponifiables, and hydrogenated sesame seed oil function as conditioning agents. Sodium sesameseedate functions as a cleansing agent, emulsifying agent, and a nonaqueous viscosity increasing agent. These ingredients are neither skin irritants, sensitizers, teratogens, nor carcinogens at exposures that would result from cosmetic use. Both animal and human data relevant to the cosmetic use of these ingredients were reviewed. The CIR Expert Panel concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration as described in this safety assessment.
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Stevens, WJ, DG Ebo, CH Bridts, and LS De Clerck. "Anaphylaxis to sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed and sesame oil." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 109, no. 1 (January 2002): S217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-6749(02)81787-0.
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Wang, Linhai, Senouwa Segla Koffi Dossou, Xin Wei, Yanxin Zhang, Donghua Li, Jingyin Yu, and Xiurong Zhang. "Transcriptome Dynamics during Black and White Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seed Development and Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with Black Pigmentation." Genes 11, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11121399.
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Seed coat color is a crucial agronomic trait in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) since it is strongly linked to seed oil, proteins, and lignans contents, and also influences consumer preferences. In East Asia, black sesame seed is used in the treatment and the prevention of various diseases. However, in sesame, little is known about the establishment of the seed coat color, and only one gene has been reported to control black pigmentation. This study provides an overview of developing seeds transcriptome of two varieties of sesame “Zhongfengzhi No.1” (white seed) and “Zhongzhi No.33” (black seed) and shed light on genes involving in black seed formation. Until eight days post-anthesis (DPA), both the seeds of the two varieties were white. The black sesame seed turned to yellow between 9 and 11 DPA and then black between 12 and 14 DPA. The black and white sesame showed similar trend-expressed genes with the numbers increased at the early stages of seed development. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) number increased with seed development in the two sesame varieties. We examined the DEGs and uncovered that more were up-regulated at the early stages. The DEGs between the black and white sesame were mainly enriched in 37 metabolic pathways, among which the flavonoid biosynthesis and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were dominants. Furthermore, we identified 20 candidate genes associated with pigment biosynthesis in black sesame seed, among which 10 were flavonoid biosynthesis and regulatory genes. These genes also include isochorismate and polyphenol oxidase genes. By comparing the phenotypes and genes expressions of the black and white sesame seed at different development stages, this work revealed the important role of 8–14 DPA in black pigment biosynthesis and accumulation. Moreover, it unfolded candidate genes associated with black pigmentation in sesame. These findings provide a vast transcriptome dataset and list of genes that will be targeted for functional studies related to the molecular mechanism involved in biosynthesis and regulation of seed coat color in sesame.
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Plaitho, Yossaporn, Pawaweena Rattanasena, Pittaya Chaikham, and Pattaneeya Prangthip. "Biochemical and Antioxidative Properties of Unprocessed and Sterilized White and Black Sesame By-product from Northern Thailand." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 5, no. 3 (November 30, 2017): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.5.3.03.
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The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of sterilization on storage stability of white and black sesame by-products. Results showed that sterilization at 120 ºC for 10 min had no effect on proximate compositions and mineral contents of both sesame seed cakes, but the significant reductions of thiamine, riboflavin, sesamin, sesamolin, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP assays) were observed. During the storage at 37 ºC, all bioactive components and antioxidant properties apparently tended to decrease when the storage time rose. At the end of storage, PV (peroxide value) and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) values of stored black sesame seed cakes were shown to be significantly lower than that in white sesame seed cakes. This study may suggest the application of black and white sesame seeds cakes as functional food ingredients in the future production.
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Girish, K., Chaithra S, and Syeda Fathima. "Effect of essential oils on seed borne Fusarium sp., and seed quality of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)." Journal of Tropical Life Science 11, no. 1 (February 3, 2021): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.11.01.13.
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is as an important oilseed crop and seed borne fungi are reducing the yield as well as quality of the seeds produced. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of essential oils for control of seed borne fungi as well as enhancement of seed quality of sesame. Fusarium sp., was isolated from sesame seeds by agar plate method. Four essential oils such as camphor oil, cinnamon oil, clove oil and rose oil were screened for their antifungal potential against the isolated Fusarium sp., by poisoned food method. Selected essential oils were tested at different concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm concentrations for their ability to inhibit the mycelial growth of test fungi. All the oils completely inhibited the mycelial growth of test fungi at 500 ppm concentration. The effect of selected essential oils on sesame seed quality was analyzed by standard blotter method. All the four oils increased the germination percentage and seed vigour while the fungal infection was completely inhibited without any phytotoxic effects. Comparatively, clove oil showed the best activity followed by camphor oil, cinnamon oil and rose oil. These results observed of the essential oils indicate the possible usage of them for the sesame seed treatment following further investigations.
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Liu, Wei, Zhaoyu Yang, Lili Shi, and Yun Li. "Bioactive β-Carbolines Harman and Norharman in Sesame Seed Oils in China." Molecules 27, no. 2 (January 9, 2022): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020402.
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The β-carbolines in our diet, mainly including harman and norharman, are a group of biologically active, naturally occurring plant-derived alkaloids. Fragrant sesame seed oil is one of the most popular flavor edible oils in China. Considering that sesame seeds are roasted at 200–240 °C during the processing of flavor sesame seed oils, it is meaningful to investigate the levels of β-carboline compounds in various sesame seed oils. In this work, the levels of β-carbolines (harman and norharman) in different types of sesame seed oils in China (e.g., pressed fragrant sesame oil, ground fragrant sesame oil) have been determined systematically. The results showed that the levels of total β-carbolines in pressed fragrant sesame oils (700.5~2423.2 μg/kg) were higher than that in ground fragrant sesame oils (660.4~1171.7 μg/kg). Roasting sesame seeds at high temperatures (200–240 °C) led to higher levels of β-carbolines (660~2400 μg/kg) in fragrant sesame seed oils. In addition, the loss of tryptophan might be attributed to the formation of β-carbolines in sesame seeds during the roasting process. In general, fragrant sesame seed oils (pressed fragrant sesame oils, ground fragrant sesame oils) contain higher levels of β-carbolines due to the formation of harman and norharman during the roasting sesame seed process.
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Wacal, Cosmas, Daniel Basalirwa, Walter Okello-Anyanga, Marius Flarian Murongo, Caroline Namirembe, and Richard Malingumu. "Analysis of sesame seed production and export trends; challenges and strategies towards increasing production in Uganda." OCL 28 (2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2020073.
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most ancient oilseed crops cultivated for its edible oil and uses in food. Sesame seeds are very nutritious and confer health benefits. However, its potential production in Uganda has not been fully realized. The objective of this review was to summarize the trends in sesame production, export quantity, export value, challenges, and strategies for sustainable sesame seed production in Uganda. The review revealed the sesame seed production and area harvested generally increased from 1996 to 2007 but significantly decreased between 2008 and 2018. The review also revealed that while the export quantities and values were low, they gradually increased from 2009 to 2016. The decreased production between 2008 and 2016 could have been due to challenges such as pests and diseases, loss of soil fertility, prolonged drought, poor agronomic practices, poor yielding varieties, and lack of access to credit. Therefore, it is recommended to improve breeding programs and soil management practices; strengthen agricultural credits and extension services to support marketing of sesame seeds; and improve agronomic practices and farmer knowledge on improved techniques such as sowing methods, plant spacing, intercropping practices, pests and disease control measures. These could boost sesame production in Uganda given the high domestic and global demand for sesame seeds and provide an opportunity to expand sesame production throughout Uganda. Research should focus on how to increase seed yield on farmers’ fields and bridge the yield gap between researchers and farmers while adopting good agronomic practices.
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Kumar, Sandeep, Chiranjib Banerjee, and Vineet Kumar Vishnoi. "Biological control of Fusarium-wilt and quality improvement of Sesamum indicum cv. ST-1 using fluorescent Pseudomonas." Environment Conservation Journal 24, no. 2 (May 10, 2023): 364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.23732614.
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Seven plant growth-promoting bacterial strains (LES1-LES7) were isolated from rhizosphere of Lycoperscion esculentum Mill. (Tomato) and further screened based on colony morphology, carbon source utilization and biochemically characterized as fluorescent Pseudomonads. Among the isolates prominent strain identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa LES4 produced maximum siderophores in vitro besides indole acetic acid, hydrocyanic acid, solubilized insoluble inorganic phosphate and secreted β-1, 3-glucanase urease and chitin solubilizing enzymes chitinase. It also exhibited a strong antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami when co-cultured on nutrient agar medium and inhibiting the growth of the pathogen by 69% after 5 days incubation at 28 ± 1°C. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L. cv. ST-1). When surface sterilized seeds bacterized with P. aeruginosa LES4 showed enhancement in seedling sprouting early vegetative growth, and increased seed yield components viz. biomass accumulation, and all other yield and quality improving components. Strain LES4 significantly reduced the wilt disease of sesame in F. oxysporum f.sp. sesami-infested soil. Moreover, Tn5 induced streptomycin resistant trans-conjugants of spontaneous tetracycline-resistant LES4 (designated LES4tetra+strep+) used to exhibit efficient rhizosphere colonization of sesame. Such properties of fluorescent P. aeruginosa LES4 prove it as a beneficial and potential microbial agent against wilt causing sesame.
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Teklu, Desawi Hdru, Hussein Shimelis, Abush Tesfaye, and Seltene Abady. "Appraisal of the Sesame Production Opportunities and Constraints, and Farmer-Preferred Varieties and Traits, in Eastern and Southwestern Ethiopia." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 11, 2021): 11202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011202.
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop with well-developed value chains. It is Ethiopia’s most valuable export commodity after coffee (Coffea arabica L.), contributing to socioeconomic development. The productivity of the crop is low and stagnant in Ethiopia and other major sesame growing regions in sub-Saharan Africa (<0.6 t/ha) due to a multitude of production constraints. The objective of this study was to document sesame production opportunities and constraints, as well as farmer- and market-preferred varieties and traits, in eastern and southwestern Ethiopia as a guide for large-scale production and breeding. A participatory rural appraisal (PRA) study was conducted in two selected sesame growing regions and four districts in Ethiopia. Data were collected from 160 and 46 sesame farmers through semistructured questionnaires and focus group discussions. Sesame is grown by all respondent farmers in the study areas for food and as a source of cash. Most respondent farmers (56%) reported cultivating sesame using seeds of unknown varieties often sourced from the informal seed sector. About 83% of the respondents reported lack of access to improved seeds as the most important production constraint, followed by low yield gains from cultivating the existing varieties (reported by 73.8% of respondents), diseases (69.4%), and low market price (68.8%). Other production constraints included insect pests (59.4%), lack of market information (55%), and high cost of seed (50%). The above constraints were attributed to the absence of a dedicated breeding programme, lack of a formal seed sector, poor extension services, and underdeveloped pre- and postharvest infrastructures. The most important market-preferred traits of sesame included true-to-type seed (reported by 36.3% of respondents), white seed colour (28.8%), and high seed oil content (23.8%). The vital farmer-preferred attributes included reasonable market price (reported by 11.3% of respondents), resistance to crop diseases (10.9%), drought tolerance (10.3%), resistance to crop insect pests (9.2%), higher seed yield (8.9%), higher thousand-seed weight (7.2%), higher oil content (6.3%), white seed colour (6.1%), early maturity (6.1%), and good oil qualities such as aroma and taste (5.7%). Therefore, there is a need for a dedicated sesame genetic improvement programme by integrating the above key production constraints and market- and farmer-preferred traits to develop and deploy new generation varieties to enhance the production, productivity, and adoption of sesame cultivars in Ethiopia.
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Bharathi, Venturla, Ravuru Sudhakar, K. Parimala, and Vishnuvardhan A. Reddy. "Evaluation of Bioagents and Biofertilizers for the Managament of Seed and Seedling Diseases of Sesamum indicum (Sesame)." International Journal of Phytopathology 2, no. 3 (December 30, 2013): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.002.03.0365.
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The study was carried out to evaluate the response of biopeticides and biofertilizers on seed mycoflora and seed quality parameters of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Untreated Sesame seeds were collected from farmers of Nizamabad and Karimanagar districts of Andhra Pradesh in India and discolored seeds were separated and treated with biofertilizers and biopesticides alone and in combination form. The seed mycoflora of Sesame seeds were screened by using Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and czaepek dox agar media. The results indicate that maximum numbers of fungi were recorded on PDA. The untreated seeds were found to be associated with maximum percent incidence of mycoflora and minimum population was recorded in the treatment of Trichoderma + Pseudomonas formulation followed by Azat obacter + Trichoderma, Pseudomonas and Azatobacter in the decreasing order of efficacy. This study also showed relation of biofertilizers and biopesticides and seed mycoflora on seed germination. Germination percentage was maximum in the treatment Trichoderma + Pseudomonas formulation, Azatobacter + Trichoderma, Pseudomonas and Azatobacter recording 96%, 94%, 90% and 88%, respectively. In the control, germination percentage was minimum compared with other treatments. Seeds treated with the mixed formulation were found beneficial in reducing the pathogenic fungi and decreasing seedling mortality.
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N, MANIVANNAN, and GANESAN J. "D2 Statistic in sesame (Sesame indicum L.)." Madras Agricultural Journal 87, june (2000): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00463.
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Sixty seven sesame genotypes were subjected to D² analysis. Observations were recorded for plant height, number of branches/plant, number of capsules/plant, seeds/capsule. 1000-seed weight and seed yield/plant. The genotypes were grouped into 10 clusters. Among the clusters, cluster I had 46 genotypes, cluster III, IV, II and V had 6, 5, 3 and 2 genotypes respectively. The cluster VI, VII, VIII, IX and X were highly divergent from cluster II and cluster I from cluster X. Among characters, plant height followed by number of branches/plant and 1000 seed weight contributed more towards the total divergence. Crosses could be effected between genotypes of the divergent clusters namely B45 (1), Govindapuram local (1), SI 861 (1), Madhavi (II), Chidambaram local (I), SO 317 (II), CO 1 (VII), SO 138 (VIII), SI 11 (IX) and IS 45 (X) to get more heterosis and wide segregants.
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Sultana, Sabrin, Firoz Mahmud, and Md Abdur Rahim. "Genetic variability studies for selection of elite germplasm in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)." Agronomski glasnik 81, no. 2 (November 18, 2019): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33128/ag.81.2.3.
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the oldest oilseed crops and important for high nutritional quality as well as medicinal value. Fifty diverse sesame genotypes were evaluated to study genetic variability. The results revealed that the genotypes were a significant variation in most of the studied characters. In all cases, the phenotypic variances were much higher than genotypic variances suggests a higher level of the environmental effect on the expression of these characters. The highest genotypic coefficient of variations (GCV) was observed in seed yield per plant while the highest heritability was exhibited by hundred seed weight followed by days to 80% maturity, pods per plant, number of branches per plant and seed yield per plant. The genotypic correlation with seed yield per plant showed a significantly strong positive with days to 50% flowering, plant height and number of pods per plant at both the genotypic and phenotypic level. The path coefficient analysis showed that pods per plant and seeds per pod were the most important contributing traits to seed yield. The 50 sesame genotypes were grouped into five clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between the cluster III and V while the lowest inter-cluster distance was observed between the cluster III and IV. Among 50 sesame genotypes G7, G36, G38 and G46 might be suggested for future hybridization program for the improvement of sesame yield.
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BRZEZINSKI, JENNIFER L. "Detection of Sesame Seed DNA in Foods Using Real-Time PCR." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 4 (April 1, 2007): 1033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.4.1033.
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The detection of potentially allergenic foods, such as sesame seeds, in food products is a major concern for the food-processing industry. A real-time PCR method was designed to determine if sesame seed DNA is present in food products. The PCR reaction amplifies a 66-bp fragment of the sesame seed 2S albumin gene, which is detected with a sesame-specific, dual-labeled TaqMan probe. This reaction will not amplify DNA derived from other seeds present in baked goods, such as pumpkin, poppy, and sunflower seeds. Additionally, this assay will not cross-react with DNA from several tree nut species, such as almond, Brazil nut, cashew, hazelnut, and walnut, as well as four varieties of peanut. This assay is sensitive enough to detect 5 pg of purified sesame seed DNA, as well as sesame seed DNA in a spiked wheat cracker sample.
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Anguria, Paul, George N. Chemining’wa, Richard N. Onwonga, and Michael A. Ugen. "Assessing the Response of Sesame to Inorganic and Organic Nutrient Sources." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n1p108.
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum. L) is one of the main sources of livelihoods in northern Uganda. However, its production is constrained by low soil fertility and moisture levels. A study was conducted at Serere, Uganda in 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effect of organo-mineral fertilizers on growth, seed yield and nutritional quality of sesame. The design of the experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments comprised: control (no soil amendment), mixtures of 4 crop residues each at (3 and 6 t/ha) and two rates of N, P and K. Finger millet husks (3 t/ha) plus lower fertilizer rate (30 kg N-25 kg P-40 Kg K/ha) had significantly higher seed yield of sesame; while finger millet husks (6 t/ha) plus higher fertilizer rate (60 kg N-50 kg P-80 Kg K/ha) significantly increased vegetative growth of sesame. Finger millet husks (6 t/ha) plus lower fertilizer rate had significantly higher seed crude protein content of sesame; while cowpea husks (3 t/ha) plus higher fertilizer rate and groundnut shells (3 t/ha) plus lower fertilizer rate produced significantly higher seed total ash and seed oil content of sesame, respectively. This study has demonstrated that application of a mixture of crop residues and inorganic fertilizers is the best treatment in enhancing growth, seed yield and nutritional seed quality of sesame.
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Mahdy, Rasha Ezzat, Dalia A. Gaber, Mohamed Hashem, Saad Alamri, and Ezzat E. Mahdy. "Improving Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seed Yield through Selection under Infection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami." Plants 11, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11121538.
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), the Queen of oilseeds, is infected with different pathogens, restricting its yield. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami is the most destructive disease of sesame worldwide, causing economic losses. This work aimed to develop new high-yielding strains, resistant and/or tolerant to Fusarium. Two cycles of pedigree selection were achieved under infection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami. Two populations in the F2 (600 plants each) were used. The selection criteria were five single traits and another three restricted by yield. The restricted selection was better in preserving variability than the single trait selection. The observed genetic gain in percentage from the mid-parent in the F4-generation was significant for the eight selection criteria. Single trait selection proved to be an effective method for improving the selection criterion, but it caused deleterious effects on the other correlated traits in most cases. The seed yield increased by 30.67% and 20.31% from the better parent in the first and second populations, respectively. The infection% was significantly reduced by 24.04% in the first, and 9.3% in the second, population. The selection index improved seed yield, and its attributes can be recommended.
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Eze, Paul Chukwuka, Chikaodili Nkechi Eze, and Patrick Ejike Ide. "Effect of Moisture Content and Variety on the Some Physical and Aerodynamic Properties of Sesame Seeds Relevant to Its Processing." ARRUS Journal of Engineering and Technology 2, no. 2 (May 24, 2022): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/jetech678.
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The physical and aerodynamic properties of black and white sesame were determined at Moisture Content(MC%) range of 8.5 – 30.6%(d.b).The major, minor, intermediate, arithmetic mean, geometric mean diameters and sphericity, projected area of the two varieties were 2.96 – 3.94mm, 1.47 -2.40mm,0.54 -1.26mm,1.66 – 2.50mm, 0.78 - 3.66mm and 26.53 – 93.45, 1.91 – 42.08mm2 respectively.The increase in MC resulted decrease in true density from 1038.61 – 994.93 kg/mm2 and 1039.61 – 998.47 kg/mm2 for white and black sesame seed respectively.The terminal velocity of white sesame seed ranged from 3.12 – 7.82m/s while black sesame seed ranged from 3.16 – 7.94m/s at MC range of 8.5 – 306% (d.b).The drag coefficient were 3.750.31 and 2.26 – 0.23 for white and black sesame seed respectively as MC ranged from 8.5 – 30.6% (d.b) while Reynold number varied from 2363.9 – 23067.3 and 3401.5 – 15121.6 for white and black sesame seed respectively at MC range of 8.5 - 30.6% (d.b).The properties of sesame seed determined varied significantly with variety and MC.This findings are the prerequisite in the design and selection of sesame seed separating machine. A pneumatic separator can be designed with provision for effective separation of undesired light material with average terminal velocity below 5.17m/s and 5.67m/s for white and black sesame seeds respectively.
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Alege, Gbenga Olorunshola, Musa Ozigi Yakubu, Deborah Tini Egilla, David Franklin Igata, Usman Ibrahim Aliyu, and Danlami Dauda. "GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSE OF SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) TO BITTER LEAF (VERNONIA AMYGDALINA DEL.) LEAF, STEM AND ROOT AQUEOUS EXTRACTS." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 4 (January 25, 2022): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0504-798.
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This study was carried out to assess the effect of leaf, stem and root aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina on seed germination, growth and yield performance of Sesamum indicum. The aqueous extracts of the three plant parts were applied at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% to sesame seeds in petri dish and compared with seeds treated with distilled water (control). The percentage of germinated seeds and lengths of radicle and plumule were measure within 10 days of sowing. The different concentrations of leaf, stem and root extracts of Vernonia amygdalina were applied to the seedlings of Sesamum indicum grown in pots and arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Data were obtained for number of germinated seeds, lengths of plumule and radicle while number of leaves, height of plant, stem girth, leaf length and leaf breadth were taken at 2,4, 6 and 8 Weeks After Planting (WAP). All data pooled were subjected to one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) is used to separate means. Significant reduction in germination percentage of sesame seeds was recorded in sesame grown with 100% concentration of aqueous stem extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (78.33%) which indicates inhibitory effect of the extract at the concentration. 25% aqueous root extracts of Vernonia amygdalina significantly stimulated early growth of the shoot (1.70cm) and root (1.60cm) in sesame seed. In this study, growth and yield of sesame were enhanced by 50% root extract of Vernonia amygdalina. This suggests that intermediate concentrations of
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Dalal, Ilan, Michael Goldberg, and Yitzhak Katz. "Sesame Seed Food Allergy." Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 12, no. 4 (May 19, 2012): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-012-0267-2.
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Chiu, John T., and Irene B. Haydik. "Sesame seed oil anaphylaxis." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 88, no. 3 (September 1991): 414–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(91)90106-x.
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Kanny, G., C. Hauteclocque, and D. A. Moneret-Vautrin. "Sesame seed and sesame seed oil contain masked allergens of growing importance." Allergy 51, no. 12 (December 1996): 952–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb02141.x.
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BROCKMANN, STEFAN O., ISOLDE PIECHOTOWSKI, and PETER KIMMIG. "Salmonella in Sesame Seed Products." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 178–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.1.178.
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In the context of an international outbreak of multiresistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104 that was correlated to the consumption of halvah (“helva,” an Asian candy made from sesame seed), we examined several sesame seed products for the occurrence of Salmonella. Of 117 ready-to-eat food items containing sesame, we isolated salmonellae from 11 (9.4%) samples. In addition to finding Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104 in the halvah involved in the outbreak, we also isolated different Salmonella Typhimurium strains out of halvah from other manufacturers and countries of origin, as well as Salmonella Offa, Salmonella Tennessee, and Salmonella Poona from sesame paste (tahini) and sesame seed, which is sold for raw consumption in cereals.
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Saaeed Dehiash, Abd Elmaboud Breima, and Taha Mohammed Sharief Mohammed. "White and Black Sesame Seed Oil and their Natural Active Compounds Presenting Antifungal Properties." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1102.041.
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In the present study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of white and black sesame seed oil against a range of fungal pathogens including that responsible for animal and plant infection. Sensitivity testing against some pathogenic fungi were studied with white and black sesame seed oils in the laboratory pouring aqueous extract of the sesame seeds into the culture media. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton verrucosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Aspergillus spp. were the microorganisms used and they were identified, confirmed and obtained from the Biology laboratory of the University of Zalingei, Sudan. The result showed that sesame oil has strong antifungal activity against opportunistic fungal pathogens such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton verrucosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Aspergillus spp. The oil extracted from white sesame seed was found to give better than black sesame seed oil on the studied fungi. This article focuses on natural products used as antifungal properties, their effects on the minimum inhibitory concentration value, as well as their environmental value. The study suggested that both white and black sesame seeds are potential sources of functional food to prevent chronic diseases.
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Cui, Chengqi, Yanyang Liu, Yan Liu, Xianghua Cui, Zhiyu Sun, Zhenwei Du, Ke Wu, Xiaolin Jiang, Hongxian Mei, and Yongzhan Zheng. "Genome-wide association study of seed coat color in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 21, 2021): e0251526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251526.
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important and ancient oilseed crop. Sesame seed coat color is related to biochemical functions involved in protein and oil metabolism, and antioxidant content. Because of its complication, the genetic basis of sesame seed coat color remains poorly understood. To elucidate the factors affecting the genetic architecture of seed coat color, 366 sesame germplasm lines were evaluated for seed coat color in 12 environments. The genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for three seed coat color space values, best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values from a multi-environment trial analysis and principal component scores (PCs) of three seed coat color space values were conducted. GWAS for three seed coat color space values identified a total of 224 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, P < 2.34×10−7), with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) ranging from 1.01% to 22.10%, and 35 significant SNPs were detected in more than 6 environments. Based on BLUP values, 119 significant SNPs were identified, with PVE ranging from 8.83 to 31.98%. Comparing the results of the GWAS using phenotypic data from different environments and the BLUP values, all significant SNPs detected in more than 6 environments were also detected using the BLUP values. GWAS for PCs identified 197 significant SNPs, and 30 were detected in more than 6 environments. GWAS results for PCs were consistent with those for three color space values. Out of 224 significant SNPs, 22 were located in the confidence intervals of previous reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Finally, 92 candidate genes were identified in the vicinity of the 4 SNPs that were most significantly associated with sesame seed coat color. The results in this paper will provide new insights into the genetic basis of sesame seed coat color, and should be useful for molecular breeding in sesame.
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Alemu, Zemedkun, and Workishet Taye. "Manejo de plagas de sésamo en Etiopía: una revisión." Peruvian Journal of Agronomy 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21704/pja.v6i3.1973.
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Sesame is Ethiopia’s most significant oil crop, especially Tigray, Amhara, and some lowland Oromia, Somalia, and the Gambella region. Consequently, the crop is exposed to a wide range of insect pests feeding on leaves, flowers, pods, and seeds affecting sesame yields. This article review provides information on the biology, nature of the damage, and management methods of economically important sesame pests. Sesame webworm, Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel) is the most common and frequently encountered pre-harvest pest of sesame. Sesame seed bugs, Elasmolmus sordidus (Fabricus) is also the most serious under field and storage conditions. Gall fly, Asphondylia sesami (Felt) could become a severe insect issue because of sesame gall formation, and Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) is a critical stored pest and a significant challenging of crop sesame in Ethiopia. Reports on minor pests are also listed. This paper summarizes current knowledge on pest management strategies, including cultural, biological, and botanical methods, and pesticide applications. The information gathered here indicates that the bioecology, host range, host plant resistance, the occurrence of insecticide resistance, and the development of integrated pest management methods for economical insect pests need to be addressed.
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Adeniyi, Olufunso Omowunmi. "Extraction and Characterization of Underutilized Seed Oils Sampled in South-western Nigeria." International Annals of Science 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ias.7.1.48-52.
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Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) and Sesamum indicum (sesame) are edible plants that provide a lot of nutritional benefits to man; despite their wide consumption and benefits, their seed oils remain underutilized. Seed oils from these plants found in south-western Nigeria were analyzed for their physico-chemical properties. Oil was extracted from the seeds using Soxhlet apparatus and n-hexane as the solvent; physico-chemical properties were determined using standard analytical procedures. Watermelon seed oil had a golden brown colour while sesame seed oil had a carton brown colour; they had saponification values of 258.99 mgKOH/g and 261.34 mgKOH/g respectively. Acid value ranged from 2.13 – 2.51 mgKOH/g; iodine value of 39.7 - 42.3 gI2/100g and peroxide value of 1.39 – 2.43 meqKOH/g was determined in the seed oils. Oils from these seeds have numerous domestic and industrial potentials such as cooking, frying, production of soaps, and cosmetics to mention a few.
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Shi, Lili, Ziyu Cui, and Wei Liu. "Effect of Chemical Refining on the Reduction of β-Carboline Content in Sesame Seed Oil." Molecules 28, no. 11 (June 1, 2023): 4503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114503.
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β-carbolines (harman and norharman) are potentially mutagenic and have been reported in some vegetable oils. Sesame seed oil is obtained from roasted sesame seeds. During sesame oil processing, roasting is the key procedure to aroma enhancement, in which β-carbolines are produced. Pressed sesame seed oils cover most market share, while leaching solvents are used to extract oils from the pressed sesame cake to improve the utilization of the raw materials. β-carbolines are nonpolar heterocyclic aromatic amines with good solubility in leaching solvents (n-hexane); therefore, the β-carbolines in sesame cake migrated to the leaching sesame seed oil. The refining procedures are indispensable for leaching sesame seed oil, in which some small molecules can be reduced. Thus, the critical aim is to evaluate the changes in β-carboline content during the refining of leaching sesame seed oil and the key process steps for the removal of β-carbolines. In this work, the levels of β-carbolines (harman and norharman) in sesame seed oil during chemical refining processes (degumming, deacidification, bleaching and deodorization) have been determined using solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results indicated that in the entire refining process, the levels of total β-carbolines greatly decreased, and the adsorption decolorization was the most effective process in reducing β-carbolines, which might be related to the adsorbent used in the decolorization process. In addition, the effects of adsorbent type, adsorbent dosage and blended adsorbent on β-carbolines in sesame seed oil during the decolorization process were investigated. It was concluded that oil refining can not only improve the quality of sesame seed oil, but also reduce most of the harmful β-carbolines.
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Baghery, Mohammad Amin, Seyed Kamal Kazemitabar, Ali Dehestani, Pooyan Mehrabanjoubani, and Hamid Najaf Zarrini. "Assessment of agro-morphological traits and yield-based tolerance indices in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes under drought stress." Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) 82, no. 03 (September 30, 2022): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31742/isgpb.82.3.7.
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops of the world, particularly tropical areas. Its production issignificantly affected by drought stress. The present study was performed to assess the efficiency of existing criteria for the selectionof tolerant cultivars while evaluating sesame genotypes under drought conditions. Various agro-morphological traits along with somedrought tolerance indices were used to evaluate 15 sesame genotypes under drought conditions. A moderate to high heritability wasestimated for plant height (0.55), no. of capsules (0.72), capsule diameter (0.60), no. of seeds per capsule (0.43) and seed yield (0.53).On average, the seed yield of genotypes was reduced by 45% under water stress. Seed yield was significantly positively correlatedwith the no. of capsules, capsule diameter, and no. of seeds per capsule under both normal and drought conditions. The number ofcapsules and capsule diameter were suggested as potential criteria for indirect yield selection under drought stress. Chinese (G01), Naz Chand Shakhe (G05), and Darab1 (G04) genotypes were identified as the most tolerant based on the average ranking of indices. Stress/non-stress production index (SNPI), yield index (YI), and drought resistance index (DI) were suggested as the most efficient drought tolerance indices according to principal component analysis and correlations. The evaluation criteria proposed in this study can be used for efficient selection of drought-tolerant genotypes in sesame. Moreover, reported tolerant and sensitive genotypes can be used in future studies and breeding programs in sesame under drought stress.
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Akter, Sharmin, Shanjida Sultana, Tangin Akter, and Shefali Begum. "Oviposition deterrent and ovicidal activity of three edible oils (black seed, sesame and soybean oils) against puls beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Lin.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on green gram, Vigna radiata." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 47, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v47i1.42021.
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The effectiveness of three different edible oils - black seed (Nigella sativa), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and soybean (Glycene max) was evaluated for the control of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis on green mung pulse, Vigna radiata. The oviposition deterrent and ovicidal activity of these three oils were compared between fresh mung pulses and pulses treated at different doses (1, 3 and 6 μl). The results indicated that the rate of oviposition and the mean number of emerged adults of C. chinensis on mung pulses treated with black seed, sesame and soybean oil were lower than their respective control pulses. The lowest number of eggs were recorded in soybean oil treated seeds (13.8 ± 1.07, 12.6 ± 1.36, 10.0 ± 1.82) followed by sesame (51.8 ± 4.63, 25.8 ± 8.52, 14.2 ± 4.50) and black seed oil (67.2 ± 9.71, 27.4 ± 5.52, 21.0 ± 5.54) at dose 1 μl, 3 μl and 6 μl, respectively in order. Soybean oil at the rate of 6μl/50 seeds was significantly effective (10.0 ± 1.82) to inhibit egg deposition. In case of ovicidal activity, minimum number of adults were emerged from black seed oil treated pulses (25.2 ± 2.73, 24.2 ± 0.58, 22.4 ± 1.17 at dose 1, 3 and 6 μl, respectively). Black seed oil at the rate of 6μl/ 50 seeds was the most effective (22.4 ± 1.17) than other edible oils.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 59-65, 2019
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Day, J. S. "The influence of seed pre-treatments and soil conditions on the emergence of sesame seedlings." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 6 (2000): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99154.
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Poor and uneven emergence of seedlings decreases the efficiency of sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed production. In a glasshouse study, seedling emergence was reduced by low soil moisture content (less than 20%, w/v) and by waterlogging (common in soils with small soil particles). Watering events that failed to raise soil moisture content above 20% caused most seeds to germinate (more than than 80%), but only some of these seeds emerged from the soil (less than 50%). Gibberellic acid pre-treatment of seeds (50 or 1000 mg/L) failed to improve emergence of seeds from soils with an initial soil moisture content less than 20%. This result supports previous reports suggesting that gibberellic acid treatment does not influence seedling emergence, and may only be useful to overcome seed dormancy in those sesame varieties where dormancy is a problem. For maximum emergence it is recommended that sesame seeds be sown in non-waterlogged soils and that soil moisture content be maintained above 20% for a number of days after sowing.
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Mondal, MMA, M. Badruddin, MA Malek, MB Hossain, and AB Puteh. "Optimization of Sulphur Requirement to Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes Using Tracer Techniques." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 41, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i1.11076.
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Four sesame genotypes viz., T6, SM4, SM7 and SM8 were verified with three levels of sulphur 10, 20 and 40 kg/ha including control. Factorial experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with four replications. Biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll, nitrate reductase, amino acid and total sugar in leaves, total dry mass production, total nitrogen accumulation in seeds and seed yield increased with sulphur application up to 20 kg S/ha. Application of 40 kg S/ha had no significant benefit on biochemical parameters, dry matter and seed yield of sesame though 35S uptake in seeds increased with increasing sulphur levels till 40 kg/ha. The biochemical traits and nutrients uptake were superior in SM4 than other genotypes which resulted in the highest seed yield of SM4. Among the sulphur levels, 20 kg S/ha showed the maximum seed yield in all the genotypes. Therefore, sulphur @ 20 kg/ha can be recommended for getting maximum productivity of sesame genotypes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i1.11076 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(1): 7-13, 2012 (June)
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Muangrat, Rattana, Yongyut Chalermchart, Supachet Pannasai, and Sukhuntha Osiriphun. "Effect of Roasting and Vacuum Microwave Treatments on Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Oil Extracted from Black Sesame Seeds." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 8, no. 3 (December 28, 2020): 798–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.8.3.12.
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Unroasted, roasted (at roasting temperatures of 100, 150 and 200 C and roasting times of 10, 20 and 30 min) and vacuum microwaved (at microwave watt powers of 800, 1440, 2400 and 3600 watts/kg black sesame seeds, for heating times of 10, 20 and 30 min) black sesame seeds were processed to extract oil using a single screw press at a constant pressing temperature of 50 C. The results revealed that different heat pre-treatments significantly affected yield and physiochemical and antioxidant properties of extracted oils. The extracted oil samples exhibited significantly different levels of total phenolic compounds, sesamin, sesamolin, and DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging activity. Additionally, it was found that these values of roasted and vacuum microwaved black sesame seed oils were significantly higher than those of unroasted oil. Sesamin, sesamolin, total content of phenolic compounds, and DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging activity of extracted black sesame oils increased when the roasting temperature and watt power increased. Black sesame oil obtained from unroasted, roasted and vacuum microwaved dried black sesame seeds contained linoleic and oleic acids as major fatty acids. Black sesame oil extracted from roasting and vacuum microwave treatments for 10 min at higher roasting temperature and microwave watt power had higher total phenolic content leading to a reduction of peroxide value and elevated stability of soybean oil when it was added during storage time at temperature of 65 °C.
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H.C, Pathak, and Dixit S.K. "GENETIC VARIABILITY AND INTER-RELATIONSHIP STUDIES IN BLACK SEEDED SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.)." Madras Agricultural Journal 79, February (1992): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01738.
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Studies on genetic variability, correlations and path coefficient analysis in 40 diverse genotypes of black seeded sesame revealed wide range of variability for plant height, branches per plant, seed yield and capsules per plant, high heritability for protein and oil content, days to maturity, days to flower; and high genetic advance for plant height, branches per plant, seed yield, days to flower, capsules per plant and protein content. Seed yield with capsules per plant, capsule length, capsule girth and seeds per capsule; and oil-content with days to flower and maturity, plant height and capsules per plant showed significant and positive genotypic correlations. Path coefficient analysis revealed days to maturity, branches per plant and copsule grith as major components for seed yield, and branches per plant, capsule grith and seeds per capsule as major conponents for oll content in black seeded sesame.
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PAPASTYLIANOU, Panayiota, Dimitrios BILALIS, and Ilias TRAVLOS. "Effect of Limited Drip Irrigation Regime on Yield and Yield Components of Sesame under Mediterranean Conditions." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 74, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:12639.
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Sesame is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world. Irrigation is of great importance to sesame production due to its positive effect on growth parameters. Although sesame has good drought tolerance compared with many other crops, it is particularly susceptible to drought damage during the seedling, flowering and seed filling stages and this can lead to yield loss. The aim of this study was to determine the response of sesame landraces to different irrigation applications during the 2015 growing season. The experiment was set up as a split plot design with three replicates, four main plots (irrigation treatments, designated as 100%, 75% 50% and 0 of the daily crop evapotranspiration) and two sub-plots (sesame landraces, Limnos and Evros). Different characteristics such as plant height, number of seeds per capsule, and number of capsules per plant, seed yield, 1000-seed weight and % capsules without seeds, were recorded. The results indicated that all traits except 1000-seed weight were significantly affected by irrigation regimes. Plant height, shattering losses and number of capsules per plant decreased with increasing water shortage. Seed yield and number of seeds per capsule were less affected by irrigation level and showed higher values in the 50% of the daily crop evapotranspiration treatment. Limnos produced higher seed yield and number of seeds per capsule under all irrigation regimes. Evros showed higher plant height and shattering losses than Limnos. The results of this study suggest that sesame landraces can use water efficiently, are locally adapted and associated with traditional farming systems.
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PONGPRAKET, MAYTHAWE, AMNART POAPOLATHEP, KANNIKA WONGPANIT, PHANWIMOL TANHAN, MARIO GIORGI, ZHAOWEI ZHANG, PEIWU LI, and SARANYA POAPOLATHEP. "Exposure Assessment of Multiple Mycotoxins in Black and White Sesame Seeds Consumed in Thailand." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 7 (March 9, 2020): 1198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-19-597.
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ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of 16 well-recognized and emerging mycotoxins in black and white sesame seed samples sold in Thailand and to evaluate possible health risks to consumers. Samples were extracted and cleaned with a modified QuEChERS procedure. Multiple mycotoxins in sesame seed samples were analyzed with a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. The risk of mycotoxin exposure via dietary intake of sesame seeds was evaluated based on the hazard quotient, margin of exposure (MOE), and quantitative liver cancer risk established by European Food Safety Authority, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and the World Health Organization. Of the 200 samples, 21.5% were contaminated with mycotoxins, 19.5% were contaminated with a single mycotoxin, and 2% were contaminated with multiple mycotoxins. Although 9% of total samples were contaminated with aflatoxins (AFs), only one black sesame seed sample and one white sesame seed sample were above the regulatory limits for the European Union (2 μg/kg). The MOE values derived from consumption of black and white sesame seeds were generally <10,000, especially in the group consuming the most. The number of liver cancer cases over a lifetime associated with AFB1 exposure based on the upper bound values for the group consuming high level of black and white sesame seeds (97.5 percentile) was estimated at more than 1 case per one million persons. Therefore, a potential risk to consumer health exists through the consumption of black and white sesame seeds and subsequent exposure to AFB1. However, further evaluation with larger sample sizes is necessary for more accurate calculations. Continuous monitoring of mycotoxin contamination in sesame seeds with risk assessments is recommended. HIGHLIGHTS
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Rahmah, Ulfah Nurida, and Mira Sofyaningsih. "Substitution of sesame seeds and sesame seed flour for making calcium source high phosphorus milky pie for pregnant women." ARGIPA (Arsip Gizi dan Pangan) 5, no. 2 (October 19, 2020): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22236/argipa.v5i2.3872.
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Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is one indicator of community welfare in a country. One of the direct causes of maternal death is hypertension by 27.1%, with risk factors, including the imbalance of calcium. Calcium and phosphorus have a synergistic relationship. One of the food ingredients that contain calcium and phosphorus is sesame seeds, and the product was milky pie. The purpose of this study was to formulate sesame seeds and sesame seed flour to produce milky pie, a source of calcium and high phosphorus that is favored by panelists. Milky pie can be said to be a source of calcium and high phosphorus if it reaches an ALG of 195 mg of calcium and 210 mg of phosphorus. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment in this study was substituting wheat flour with the addition of 3 levels of sesame seeds flour (10%, 15%, and 20%), and substitution of sesame seeds by 1 level (20%). Data obtained from organoleptic tests will be analyzed statistically with ANOVA and followed by Duncan's Multiple Test with a significance level of 95%. The results showed that the addition of sesame seeds and sesame seed flour influenced the quality and level of overall panelist preference, but not at the preferred level of the taste of milky pie. The selected product is formula 3 with the substitution of wheat flour : sesame seed flour : sesame seeds equal to 60% : 20% : 20%. The serving of milky pie is and 90 g and has an energy content of 170 kcal, calcium 99 mg, and phosphorus 90 mg.
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Mehmood, Muhammad Zeeshan, Ghulam Qadir, Obaid Afzal, Atta Mohi Ud Din, Muhammad Ali Raza, Imran Khan, Muhammad Jawad Hassan, et al. "Paclobutrazol Improves Sesame Yield by Increasing Dry Matter Accumulation and Reducing Seed Shattering Under Rainfed Conditions." International Journal of Plant Production 15, no. 3 (February 12, 2021): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42106-021-00132-w.
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AbstractSeveral biotic and abiotic stresses significantly decrease the biomass accumulation and seed yield of sesame crops under rainfed areas. However, plant growth regulators (such as Paclobutrazol) can improve the total dry matter and seed production of the sesame crop. The effects of the paclobutrazol application on dry matter accumulation and seed yield had not been studied before in sesame under rainfed conditions. Therefore, a two-year field study during 2018 and 2019 was conducted with key objectives to assess the impacts of paclobutrazol on leaf greenness, leaf area, total dry matter production and partitioning, seed shattering, and seed yield of sesame. Two sesame cultivars (TS-5 and TS-3) were treated with four paclobutrazol concentrations (P0 = Control, P1 = 100 mg L−1, P2 = 200 mg L−1, P3 = 300 mg L−1). The experiment was executed in RCBD-factorial design with three replications. Compared with P0, treatment P3 improved the leaf greenness of sesame by 17%, 38%, and 60% at 45, 85, and 125 days after sowing, respectively. However, P3 treatment decreased the leaf area of sesame by 14% and 20% at 45 and 85 days after sowing than P0, respectively. Compared with P0, treatment P3 increased the leaf area by 46% at 125 days after sowing. On average, treatment P3 also improved the total biomass production by 21% and partitioning in roots, stems, leaves, capsules, and seeds by 23%, 19%, 23%, 22%, and 40%, respectively, in the whole growing seasons as compared to P0. Moreover, under P3 treatment, sesame attained the highest seed yield and lowest seed shattering by 27% and 30%, respectively, compared to P0. This study indicated that by applying the paclobutrazol concentration at the rate of 300 mg L−1 in sesame, the leaf greenness, leaf areas, biomass accumulation, partitioning, seed yield, and shatter resistance could be improved. Thus, the optimum paclobutrazol level could enhance the dry matter accumulation and seed production capacity of sesame by decreasing shattering losses under rainfed conditions.
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Ziedan, El-Sayed, Ibrahim Elewa, Mostafa Mostafa, and Ahmed Sahab. "Application of Mycorrhizae for Controlling Root Diseases of Sesame." Journal of Plant Protection Research 51, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-011-0058-0.
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Application of Mycorrhizae for Controlling Root Diseases of Sesame Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (VAM) was evaluated as a biotic agent for controlling wilt and root-rot diseases of sesame caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami (Zap.) Cast and Macrophomina phaseolina (Moubl) Ashby pathogens can infect sesame plant at any growth stage causing considerable losses of seed yield. Spores of VA mycorrhizae fungi (Glomus spp.) were collected from the soil around the root systems of sesame plants then propagated on roots of Suddan grass (Sorghum vulgare var. sudanese). Under green house and field conditions, two hundreds sporocarps of Glomus spp. were added as a soil drench beside the sesame plant. Glomus spp. (VA mycorrhizae) significantly reduced wilt and root-rot incidence of sesame plants. Lums spp. (VA mycorrhizae) also significantly increased plant morphological characters such as plant height, number of branches and number of pods for each plant. Application of Glomus spp. to protect sesame plants by colonizing the root system, significantly reduced colonization of fungal pathogens in sesame rhizosphere as well as pathogenic activity of fungal pathogens increased lignin contents in the sesame root system were also observed. Furthermore, mycorrhizae treatment provided selective bacterial stimulation for colonization on sesame rhizosphere. These bacteria belonging the Bacillus group showed highly antagonistic potential to fungal pathogens. Application of mycorrhizae together with other biocontrol agent such as Trichoderma viride or Bacillus subtilis significantly effected than individual treatments for controlling these diseases incidences and increasing morphological characters and seed yield of sesame.
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Samuel, Nwobasi Chukwudi, and Attamah Chinyere Genevieve. "Proximate Analysis and Phytochemical Properties of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Seeds Grown and Consumed In Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria." International Journal of Health and Medicine 2, no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijhm.2017.2.4.01.
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Proximate and phytochemical compositions of Sesamum indicum seeds cultivated and consumed in Abakaliki, were determined. Abakaliki is the capital of Ebonyi State, one of the five south-eastern states of Nigeria. Sesame seeds are edible seeds which grow in pods. The fruit is a pubescent capsule grooved with a short triangular beak. Proximate analysis was carried out using the methods described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, A.O.A.C. (1997), while phytochemical analysis was carried out using the methods described by Harborne (1973). Sesame is principally cultivated in the northern part of Nigeria. However, bountiful harvest has been recorded recently in some southern states including Abakaliki, Ebonyi. This research was thus carried out to determine the effect of change in soil and climatic conditions on the nutritional contents of sesame. Proximate analysis indicated that sesame seeds contained 28.37% carbohydrate, 26.63% fats/oil, 23.32% protein, 7.37% moisture, 10.28% crude fibre and 4.02% ash. Determination of the phytochemical contents of the seed showed the presence of saponin (5.60mg/100g), alkaloid (4.80mg/100g), tannin (3.87mg/100g), phenol (13.83mg/100g) and flavonoids (18.03mg/100g). Statistical analyses showed that carbohydrates, fats/oil and proteins occur in significant quantities; an indication that sesame seeds possess high nutritive values. Also, the presence of significant values of some phytochemicals like flavonoids and phenol implies that sesame seeds are endowed with antioxidant and other medicinal potentials. Consumption of Sesamum indicum seeds is thus recommended as part of daily dietary intake due to the high nutritional and medicinal values.
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Manaf, Abdul, Mehreen Shoukat, Ahmad Sher, Abdul Qayyum, and Ahmad Nawaz. "SEED YIELD AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) AS AFFECTED BY SILICON APPLICATION UNDER A SEMI-ARID CLIMATE." Agrociencia 54, no. 3 (December 23, 2020): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v54i3.1912.
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a short duration, low input and highly drought tolerant conventional oilseed crop with high edible seed oil contents. This study was aimed to evaluate the response of four sesame genotypes to silicon (Si) application under a semi-arid climate. For this study, we hypothesized that Si application may improve seed yield, oil contents and fatty acid composition in sesame. The experimental design was a two factor-factorial randomized complete block, replicated four times, and the treatments were four sesame genotypes (TS-3, SG-120, SG-169 and SG-170) and three Si levels (0, 22 and 44 kg ha-1). The data was analyzed statistically with the ‘Statistics 8.1’ software. The genotype TS-3 had the highest (p£0.05) seed yield (479.1 kg ha-1), oil content (40.2%), oleic acid (41.8%), and the lowest content of palmitic acid (6.37%) and linoleic acid (38.5%). Silicon application significantly enhanced the seed yield, oil and unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acid) contents and reduced the saturated fatty acid (palmitic and stearic acid) over control. The highest seed yield (487.8 kg ha-1), oil contents (38%), oleic acid (40.9%), linoleic acid (41.7%), as well as the lowest palmitic acid (6.49%) and stearic acid (3.66%) were recorded with the application of 44 kg Si ha-1. The seed yield of sesame genotypes followed the order TS-3>SG-120>SG-169>SG-170.
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Dadayan, Ani S., Artavazd S. Poghosyan, Samvel G. Ghazaryan, Ella V. Minasyan, Anahit M. Hovhannisyan, and Slavik A. Dadayan. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF WHITE AND BLACK SESAME OILS AND DEVELOPMENT OF A RELATIVELY EFFICIENT METHOD FOR ISOLATING THE NATURAL ANTIOXIDANT SESAMOL." Proceedings of the YSU B: Chemical and Biological Sciences 56, no. 3 (259) (November 28, 2022): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/pysu:b/2022.56.3.203.
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The work is devoted to a comparative study of the fatty acid composition of white and black sesame oils, as well as the development of a relatively effective method for isolating the natural antioxidant sesamol. The purpose of this work was to determine the comparative indicators of the content of fatty and free organic acids in the studied oils by gas and high-performance liquid chromatography, confirm their suitability and further use. The optimal conditions for obtaining high-quality unrefined oil from sesame seeds for the food and pharmaceutical industries were determined by the method of cold pressing (pressing chamber temperature was 100℃, oil outlet temperature was ≤ 40℃). Under these conditions, the oil yield was 30% and 27%, respectively. It was shown that finished sesame seed oils contain a highly effective natural antioxidant sesamol (oxyhydroquinone methyl ester) – 0.140 mg/kg, due to which they can be stored at room conditions for more than 3 years. The extracts of squeezes of sesame oils contain valuable free organic acids: oxalic – 0.017 mg/mL, malic – 0.02 mg/mL, fumaric – 0.001 mg/mL. Based on the research, the fatty acid composition of oils was determined and a relatively effective method for the complex processing of sesame raw materials was developed to obtain a highly effective natural antioxidant sesamol.
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Miah, M. A. Monayem, Sadia Afroz, M. A. Rashid, and S. A. M. Shiblee. "Factors Affecting Adoption of Improved Sesame Technologies in Some Selected Areas in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study." Agriculturists 13, no. 1 (January 24, 2016): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v13i1.26558.
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This study was undertaken to assess the adoption level as well as farmers attitude towards cultivating Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) developed improved sesame varieties and its technology management as well. Keeping this view in mind, primary data were collected from major three sesame growing areas of Bangladesh namely, Comilla, Jessore, and Faridpur districts. A total of 540 samples, selected using stratified random sampling method, were interviewed using pre-tested and structured questionnaires. Results reveal that the improved sesame seed adoption level is around one fifth of the total sesame cultivation. The adoption of relating technologies regarding input usage and agronomic practices also depicted similar characteristics due to not taking up recommended improved seed package. Analysis also showed that availability of family labor, application of improved seeds and monitoring and supervision of extension personnels have significant contribution on improved seed adoption levels. Although farmers opined that they would be adopting the improved sesame seeds in the upcoming fostering season in view of expanding yields, profits, labor productivity and efficient cultivation. However, many farmers have articulated their concern about unavailability of improved sesame seeds at the farm levels is a major barrier about adopting improved sesame technology.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 140-151
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Sharaby, Noureldin N., Artyom A. Doroshenko, and Andrey V. Butovchenko. "Simulation of Sesame Seeds Outflow in Oscillating Seed Metering Device Using DEM." Engineering Technologies and Systems 30, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.030.202002.219-231.
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Introduction. Sesame crop is one of the most important export crops in many countries around the world, especially in Africa. To meet the agricultural requirement of precision planting, various types of precision seed planters have been developed. Numerous studies were carried out to study the optimisation of the parameters of the precision planting. One of these parameters, affecting the quality of the precision seeder, is the grain outflow from the seed metering device. Materials and Methods. In order to maintain good continuous performance of an oscillating seeder, it is important to monitor seed flow in real-time and adjust oscillation parameters automatically. Existing research methods, such as prototyping and monitoring the process using a high-speed camera, by reason of the random movement of particles, do not allow obtaining sufficient data to understand trajectories and velocities of particles and existing equations for particle motion when simulating the sowing process do not allow taking into account the interaction of particles that having various shapes, rolling and sliding friction coefficients, and the elastic modulus of particle materials and a working body. In this study, the outflow rate of sesame seeds in an oscillating seed metering device was modeled using the simulation method based on the discrete element method. The aim of this study is to create a simulation model of an oscillating-type sowing planter using the sowing sesame seeds as an example for evaluating the effectiveness of this model, and the possibility of further optimization and prediction of sowing seeds with this device. Results. The analysis of the results showed that during the simulation, the sowing rate of sesame seeds when leaving the oscillating seed metering holes has significant differences in number and direction. The results of the modeling process in this study showed that when opening a hole in the oscillating seeder, a number of sesame seeds from 0 to 4 were coming out of it. The resulting model allows monitoring the behavior of each particle of a sesame seed, analyzing its trajectory, speed, and forces acting on it at any one time, and varying the parameters to obtain the dependence of uneven seeding on the kinematic and geometric parameters of the device. Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained simulation results provide an effective method for predicting the consumption of sesame seeds from the oscillating seed meter, which serves as the basis for optimizing the kinematic and geometric parameters of the oscillating sowing device in order to increase its efficiency. This model is universal and can be adapted to sow other crops.
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Ahmed, KN, SHA Pramanik, M. Khatun, MR Hasan, LC Mohanta, T. Hoq, and SK Ghose. "Suppression of dominant insect pests and yield of sesame with plant materials in different climatic conditions." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 49, no. 1 (May 8, 2014): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i1.18851.
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an annual herb not extensively cultivated in Bangladesh. The jute hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia (=Spilosoma) obliqua (Walker) was found to attack the foliages including tender shoots of sesame in the Oilseeds Cultivation Centre of BCSIR Laboratory Campus, Rajshahi. The other pests encountered were pentatomid bugs, Dolycoris indicus (Stal) and Nezara viridula (L.),a chrysomelid beetle, Aphthona nigrilabris (Duvivier), leaf sucking coleopteran beetle and Monolepta signata (Oliv.) The insect pests encountered in the Oilseeds Cultivation Centre, Patgram, Lalmonirhat were: a pyrrhocorid bug, Dysdercus koenigii Fab. and a pentatomid bug, Piezodorus hyubneri Gmelin (Fab.). The efficacy of five plant extracts or botanicals e.g., Bara Bishkatali (Polygonum orientale L.) leaf, custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) leaf, castor (Ricinus communis L.) seed oil and sesame oil (Sesamum indicum), a mixture of Neem (Azadirachta indica L.) seed oil and sesame oil have been evaluated for their pesticide action in the suppression of dominant insect pests of sesame. The treatment of custard apple leaf extract produced significant result in pest control and crop yield next to sesame oil. Other treatments also exhibited better results in comparison to the control. The yields were 858 and 642 kg per acre in the crop fields of Lalmonirhat and Rajshahi districts respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v49i1.18851 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 49(1), 31-34, 2014
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Sundari, K. Sudha, Y. Anitha Vasline, and K. Saravanan. "Selection of traits for seed yield improvement through variability parameters in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, no. 3 (September 16, 2022): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i3.3507.
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) was renowned in the ancient ages for the stability of its healthy oil, accessibility of extraction, and drought resilience. Consequently, to produce novel varieties, the present work entails the utilization of basic metrics of variability and genetic variation. The investigation included 60 sesame genotypes and 13 quantitative characteristics. The analysis of variance revealed that genotypes were significant for all of the parameters assessed (P>0.05 and P>0.01). The average seed yield per plant was 6.93g, ranging from 4.84 to 9.17g. In all of the traits studied, the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was greater than the genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV). The tense relationship between PCV and GCV values indicated that the environment had minimal impact on the expression of the traits under investigation. The no. of branches, no. of capsules/axil, capsules per plant, no. of seeds per capsule, and oil content suggested higher estimations of PCV and GCV. The heritability varied from 75.13% for seed width to 99.03% for no. of capsules/axil. The genetic advance (GA) percent means varied from 7.71 (seed length) to 110.93 (no. of capsules/axil) at 5% selection intensity. plant height, no. of branches, 1000 seed weight, capsule length, capsules per plant, no. of seeds per capsule, seed thickness, oil content, and seed yield per plant all showed substantial heredity and a high GA% mean. Because of this, the traits of additive genetic control and direct selection in sesame have a high potential for increasing its yield.