Journal articles: 'Sessile barnacles'

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Chiba, Susumu, and Takashi Noda. "Factors maintaining topography-related mosaic of barnacle and mussel on a rocky shore." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, no. 4 (August 2000): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400002435.

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Substratum heterogeneity on rocky shores can affect the distribution pattern of sessile epibenthic organisms. The rocky shore at Usujiri, southern Hokkaido, Japan, is composed of well-developed, columnar jointed dolerites. In this area, landscape is characterized by a mosaic of barnacle and mussels, where species composition in patches differs among typical topographic-classes, i.e. barnacles dominate on horizontal planes and vertical planes while mussels only inhabit in grooves. To determine the factors maintaining those distribution patterns, the recruitment of dominant sessile species in the typical topographic-classes with and without adults of barnacles and mussels were examined by field experiment. The results showed that the distribution pattern was determined by recruitment, and the recruitment pattern was strongly affected by rock-surface topography. Moreover, the presence of conspecific adults contributed to the maintenance of this topography-related mosaic by facilitating recruitment. These results show: (1) the presence of resource division for rocky topography among barnacles and mussels; and (2) that intraspecific positive interaction rather than interspecific competition may play important role in maintaining the topography-related mosaic of barnacle and mussels at Usujiri.

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Schultzhaus, Janna N., William Judson Hervey, Chris R. Taitt, Chris R. So, Dagmar H. Leary, Kathryn J. Wahl, and Christopher M. Spillmann. "Comparative analysis of stalked and acorn barnacle adhesive proteomes." Open Biology 11, no. 8 (August 2021): 210142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210142.

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Barnacles interest the scientific community for multiple reasons: their unique evolutionary trajectory, vast diversity and economic impact—as a harvested food source and also as one of the most prolific macroscopic hard biofouling organisms. A common, yet novel, trait among barnacles is adhesion, which has enabled a sessile adult existence and global colonization of the oceans. Barnacle adhesive is primarily composed of proteins, but knowledge of how the adhesive proteome varies across the tree of life is unknown due to a lack of genomic information. Here, we supplement previous mass spectrometry analyses of barnacle adhesive with recently sequenced genomes to compare the adhesive proteomes of Pollicipes pollicipes (Pedunculata) and Amphibalanus amphitrite (Sessilia). Although both species contain the same broad protein categories, we detail differences that exist between these species. The barnacle-unique cement proteins show the greatest difference between species, although these differences are diminished when amino acid composition and glycosylation potential are considered. By performing an in-depth comparison of the adhesive proteomes of these distantly related barnacle species, we show their similarities and provide a roadmap for future studies examining sequence-specific differences to identify the proteins responsible for functional differences across the barnacle tree of life.

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Demello, Rahul, and Nicole E. Phillips. "Variation in mussel and barnacle recruitment parallels a shift in intertidal community structure in the Cook Strait region of New Zealand." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 10 (2011): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11053.

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Recruitment influences populations and communities of marine organisms to varying degrees and across a range of spatial scales. We hypothesised that recruitment plays a role in maintaining different intertidal invertebrate assemblages between two nearby locations in New Zealand (Wellington Harbour and the south coast), long reported to have dramatically different communities (with greater cover of sessile invertebrates in the Harbour). Sites in Wellington Harbour were hypothesised to have higher monthly recruitment rates of mussels and barnacles and greater barnacle colonisation after 1 year. Surveys were conducted to quantify community differences. In Wellington Harbour, the mid-intertidal zone was dominated by the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the barnacle Chamaesipho columna and the high intertidal zone by C. columna. In contrast, on the south coast mussels were almost completely absent from both tidal heights and barnacles (predominantly Chamaesipho brunnea) were sparse. In the high zone, monthly recruitment and long term colonisation (over 1 year) of barnacles was much greater in the Harbour; in the mid-intertidal zone, mussel recruitment was up to two orders of magnitude greater in the Harbour than the south coast. Species-specific recruitment patterns differed between the locations, however and were consistent with those of adult abundance.

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Metzler, Rebecca A., Jessica O'Malley, Jack Herrick, Brett Christensen, Beatriz Orihuela, Daniel Rittschof, and Gary H. Dickinson. "Amphibalanus amphitrite begins exoskeleton mineralization within 48 hours of metamorphosis." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 9 (September 2020): 200725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200725.

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Barnacles are ancient arthropods that, as adults, are surrounded by a hard, mineralized, outer shell that the organism produces for protection. While extensive research has been conducted on the glue-like cement that barnacles use to adhere to surfaces, less is known about the barnacle exoskeleton, especially the process by which the barnacle exoskeleton is formed. Here, we present data exploring the changes that occur as the barnacle cyprid undergoes metamorphosis to become a sessile juvenile with a mineralized exoskeleton. Scanning electron microscope data show dramatic morphological changes in the barnacle exoskeleton following metamorphosis. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicates a small amount of calcium (8%) 1 h post-metamorphosis that steadily increases to 28% by 2 days following metamorphosis. Raman spectroscopy indicates calcite in the exoskeleton of a barnacle 2 days following metamorphosis and no detectable calcium carbonate in exoskeletons up to 3 h post-metamorphosis. Confocal microscopy indicates during this 2 day period, barnacle base plate area and height increases rapidly (0.001 mm 2 h −1 and 0.30 µm h −1 , respectively). These results provide critical information into the early life stages of the barnacle, which will be important for developing an understanding of how ocean acidification might impact the calcification process of the barnacle exoskeleton.

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Raine, Joshua J., Nick Aldred, and Anthony S. Clare. "Anatomy and Ultrastructure of the Cyprid Temporary Adhesive System in Two Species of Acorn Barnacle." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8120968.

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Acorn barnacles are sessile as adults and select their settlement site as a cypris larva. Cyprids are well adapted to exploring surfaces in dynamic environments, using a temporary adhesive secreted from the antennules to adhere during this process. The temporary adhesive and the secretory structures are poorly characterized. This study used serial block-face scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional modelling to elucidate the anatomy related to temporary adhesion. The temporary adhesive glands of two acorn barnacle species, Balanus amphitrite and Megabalanus coccopoma, were located in the proximal region of the first antennular segment, contrary to previous descriptions that placed them in the more distal second segment. The temporary adhesive systems of these acorn barnacles are therefore similar to that described for the stalked barnacle, Octolasmis angulata, although not identical. Knowledge of the true location of the temporary adhesive glands will underpin future studies of the production, composition and secretion of the adhesive.

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Coletti, Giovanni, Giulia Bosio, Alberto Collareta, John Buckeridge, Sirio Consani, and Akram El Kateb. "Palaeoenvironmental analysis of the Miocene barnacle facies: case studies from Europe and South America." Geologica Carpathica 69, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 573–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2018-0034.

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Abstract Acorn barnacles are sessile crustaceans common in shallow-water settings, both in modern oceans and in the Miocene geological record. Barnacle-rich facies occur from polar to equatorial latitudes, generally associated with shallow-water, high-energy, hard substrates. The aim of this work is to investigate this type of facies by analysing, from the palaeontological, sedimentological and petrographical points of view, early Miocene examples from Northern Italy, Southern France and South-western Peru. Our results are then compared with the existing information on both modern and fossil barnacle-rich deposits. The studied facies can be divided into two groups. The first one consists of very shallow, nearshore assemblages where barnacles are associated with an abundant hard-substrate biota (e.g., barnamol). The second one includes a barnacle-coralline algae association, here named “barnalgal” (= barnacle / red algal dominated), related to a deeper setting. The same pattern occurs in the distribution of both fossil and recent barnacle facies. The majority of them are related to very shallow, high-energy, hard-substrate, a setting that represents the environmental optimum for the development of barnacle facies, but exceptions do occur. These atypical facies can be identified through a complete analysis of both the skeletal assemblage and the barnacle association, showing that barnacle palaeontology can be a powerful tool for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction.

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Neufeld, Christopher J., and A. Richard Palmer. "Precisely proportioned: intertidal barnacles alter penis form to suit coastal wave action." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 275, no. 1638 (February 5, 2008): 1081–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.1760.

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For their size, barnacles possess the longest penis of any animal (up to eight times their body length). However, as one of few sessile animals to copulate, they face a trade-off between reaching more mates and controlling ever-longer penises in turbulent flow. We observed that penises of an intertidal barnacle ( Balanus glandula ) from wave-exposed shores were shorter than, stouter than, and more than twice as massive for their length as, those from nearby protected bays. In addition, penis shape variation was tightly correlated with maximum velocity of breaking waves, and, on all shores, larger barnacles had disproportionately stouter penises. Finally, field experiments confirmed that most of this variation was due to phenotypic plasticity: barnacles transplanted to a wave-exposed outer coast produced dramatically shorter and wider penises than counterparts moved to a protected harbour. Owing to the probable trade-off between penis length and ability to function in flow, and owing to the ever-changing wave conditions on rocky shores, intertidal barnacles appear to have acquired the capacity to change the size and shape of their penises to suit local hydrodynamic conditions. This dramatic plasticity in genital form is a valuable reminder that factors other than the usual drivers of genital diversification—female choice, sexual conflict and male–male competition—can influence genital form.

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Burel, T., G. Schaal, J. Grall, M. Le Duff, and E. Ar Gall. "Clear-cut wave height thresholds reveal dominance shifts in assemblage patterns on rocky shores." Marine Ecology Progress Series 683 (February 3, 2022): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13945.

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Physical constraints, and particularly hydrodynamics, are major drivers of macroalgal canopy-dominated rocky shore communities. The abundance of habitat-forming seaweeds decreases with increasing wave exposure, triggering cascading effects on their associated communities. This study aims at describing the structure of benthic communities along a hydrodynamic gradient and understanding the role of wave height in structuring the ecological transition from macroflora to macrofauna dominance. In situ wave height was measured together with biological communities (macroalgae, macrograzers and sessile fauna) along an exposure gradient on 3 rocky shores of western Brittany. Results showed that Fucales cover and the abundance of several understory organisms are negatively correlated to in situ wave height, except for barnacles and limpets which were positively correlated. Results revealed the occurrence of a wave height threshold at approximately 80 cm from high to mid-shore levels. Beyond this threshold, we observed a large dominance of barnacles, while below this threshold, Fucales and the associated organisms abounded. A similar threshold was observed on low shore habitats, for barnacle cover only. The results of this study challenge the commonly accepted paradigm of a gradual shift from seaweed-dominated to sessile fauna-dominated zones with increasing wave exposure on rocky shores. Finally, this study sheds new light onto interspecific interactions which drive the structure of rocky shore-associated communities.

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FONG, CAITLIN R., and ARMAND M. KURIS. "Predation on transmission stages reduces parasitism: sea anemones consume transmission stages of a barnacle parasite." Parasitology 144, no. 7 (March 8, 2017): 917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017000026.

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SUMMARYWhile parasites serve as prey, it is unclear how the spatial distribution of parasite predators provides transmission control and influences patterns of parasitism. Because many of its organisms are sessile, the rocky intertidal zone is a valuable but little used system to understand spatial patterns of parasitism and elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving these patterns. Sea anemones and barnacles are important space competitors in the rocky intertidal zone along the Pacific coast of North America. Anemones are voracious, indiscriminate predators; thus, they may intercept infectious stages of parasites before they reach a host. We investigate whether a sea anemone protects an associated barnacle from parasitism by Hemioniscus balani, an isopod parasitic castrator. At Coal Oil Point, Santa Barbara, California USA, 29% of barnacles were within 1 cm from an anemone at the surveyed tidal height. Barnacles associated with anemones had reduced parasite prevalence and higher reproductive productivity than those remote from sea anemones. In the laboratory, anemones readily consumed the transmission stage of the parasite. Hence, anemone consumption of parasite transmission stages may provide a mechanism by which community context regulates parasite prevalence at a local scale. Our results suggest predation may be an important process providing parasite transmission control.

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Kordas, Rebecca L., and Steve Dudgeon. "Dynamics of species interaction strength in space, time and with developmental stage." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1713 (November 24, 2010): 1804–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2246.

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Quantifying species interaction strengths enhances prediction of community dynamics, but variability in the strength of species interactions in space and time complicates accurate prediction. Interaction strengths can vary in response to density, indirect effects, priority effects or a changing environment, but the mechanism(s) causing direction and magnitudes of change are often unclear. We designed an experiment to characterize how environmental factors influence the direction and the strength of priority effects between sessile species. We estimated per capita non-trophic effects of barnacles ( Semibalanus balanoides ) on newly settled germlings of the fucoid, Ascophyllum nodosum , in the presence and absence of consumers in experiments on rocky shores throughout the Gulf of Maine, USA. Per capita effects on germlings varied among environments and barnacle life stages, and these interaction strengths were largely unaltered by changing consumer abundance. Whereas previous evidence shows adult barnacles facilitate fucoids, here, we show that recent settlers and established juveniles initially compete with germlings. As barnacles mature, they switch to become facilitators of fucoids. Consumers caused variable mortality of germlings through time comparable to that from competition. Temporally variable effects of interactors (e.g. S. balanoides ), or spatial variation in their population structure, in different regions differentially affect target populations (e.g. A. nodosum ). This may affect abundance of critical stages and the resilience of target species to environmental change in different geographical regions.

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BUCKERIDGE, John S., and Jessica M. REEVES. "Some insights into how barnacles survive as sessile organisms." Integrative Zoology 4, no. 4 (December 2009): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2009.00145.x.

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Curelovich, Jessica Natalia, Gustavo Alejandro Lovrich, Gerardo Rubén Cueto, and Javier Angel Calcagno. "Recruitment and zonation in a sub-Antarctic rocky intertidal community." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 2 (September 13, 2016): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416001284.

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This study presents for the first time the factors governing the recruitment in a rocky intertidal community of the Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego (54°51′S 68°29′W), Argentina. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of grazers and predators, free substrate availability and crustose coralline algae on the recruitment of the main sessile components of the intertidal:Notochthamalus scabrosus, Notobalanus flosculus, Mytilus chilensis, Perumytilus purpuratusandAulacomya atraat three intertidal levels. For barnacles, the probability of recruitment was higher with grazers, while the contrary was observed for bivalves. The number ofN. flosculusrecruits was higher with increased substrate availability, whileN. scabrosusrecruited more with reduced free substrate in the first sampling. Mussel recruitment was higher with reduced free substrate. The highest probability of recruitment ofN. scabrosuswas observed at the upper level. Notably, this probability and the recruits per plot were higher at the mid level under uncaged-ORP treatment than expected for the mid level. The probability of bivalve andN. flosculusrecruitment was higher at upper and lower levels, respectively. At the lower level, barnacle recruitment was higher on bare rock than on crustose coralline algae. Our results suggest that grazers increase the probability of barnacle recruitment, while the presence of sessile organisms enhances the density of mussel recruits. Almost no recruitment of bivalves was observed in ORPs over one year, showing that the secondary succession is slow in this environment.

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N Roseman, N., R. Rasol, A. Ismail, H. R Singh, and F. Z M Yusof. "Phylogenetic Relationship of Barnacles (Fam:Balanidae) Sampled on Artificial Substrata of Kuala Selangor and Morib." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.14 (December 24, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27476.

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Barnacles are marine sessile crustacean inhabiting intertidal areas of the Selangor coastline. They are seen attaching themselves to rocks and artificial structures such as jetty, piers, boats and sea walls. Being the most successful biofoulers, barnacles cause economic losses to some extent. Most of barnacles study focused on morphological identification only. Since molecular method gave more accurate results by sequence comparison, species identification was done on samples of obviously different species inhabiting artificial substrata by using mitochondrial 16S rDNA identification. In Kuala Selangor, there was only one species found on artificial substrata in Bagan Pasir and Pasir Penambang which was identified as Amphibalanus cirratus. Two species that differed in their morphological characteristics found on Morib sea walls were identified as Amphibalanus cirratus and Chthamalus malayensis. Phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rDNA showed that all the samples were in the same cluster reflecting that they are in the same clade.

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Okano, K., K. Shimizu, C. Satuito, and N. Fusetani. "Visualization of cement exocytosis in the cypris cement gland of the barnacle Megabalanus rosa." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 10 (October 1, 1996): 2131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.10.2131.

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Cementation to substrata during permanent attachment concludes the planktonic larval phase in many sessile marine invertebrates, including barnacles. However, the neural control and the mechanism of cement secretion from cement organs are poorly understood. In the present study, using isolated cement glands from cyprids of Megabalanus rosa, we have visualized cement secretion and demonstrated the stimulatory effect of dopamine and noradrenaline on such secretion. The abrupt disappearance of secretory granules and subsequent omega-figure formation indicated that exocytosis was the major mode of cement secretion. Exocytosis was localized at the apical surface of cement-secreting cells and lasted for over 30 min. Dopamine and noradrenaline also activated the directional transport of secretory granules to the sites of exocytosis. Glyoxylic acid staining provided histochemical evidence for catecholaminergic innervation to the cement glands. These results suggest that gradual, localized exocytotic secretion of cement triggered by catecholaminergic neurones is a key mechanism during permanent attachment by barnacle cyprids.

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Aguirre, Julio, José M. Martín, Juan C. Braga, Christian Betzler, Björn Berning, and John S. Buckeridge. "Densely packed concentrations of sessile barnacles (Cirripedia: Sessilia) from the Early Pliocene of SE Spain." Facies 54, no. 2 (January 3, 2008): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10347-007-0132-2.

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Rivera, Antonella, Stefan Gelcich, Lucía García-Flórez, and José Luis Acuña. "Incorporating landscape metrics into invertebrate fisheries management: case study of the gooseneck barnacle in Asturias (N. Spain)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 6 (March 16, 2016): 1570–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw029.

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Abstract Landscape components can affect all the important biological processes of invertebrate populations, including their harvest quality, yet they are rarely considered in fisheries management frameworks. Here, we explore landscape, economic and ecologic variables to demonstrate that landscape metrics can be a valuable component in the management of sessile invertebrate fisheries. We developed a map-derived model that links landscape variables with the quality of a fishing resource, using five topographical variables—coastal convexity, orientation, complexity, exposure, and distance from the coast—all but the latter were tested at 23 different spatial scales. The model was ground-truthed using the case study of the gooseneck barnacle fishery in Asturias (N. Spain). Distance from the coast, coastal convexity on a scale of 25 km and exposure on a scale of 1 km appear to be driving the quality of the resource. Our model can predict high-quality gooseneck barnacle fishing zones with 72% accuracy. Moreover, we used a 10-year time-series of gooseneck barnacle landings and sales to analyse the impact of quality on the fishery. Fishers have a bias towards harvesting high-quality gooseneck barnacles, which are sold at higher market values. Thus, quality directly affects landings and sales. Our results highlight the interest of incorporating landscape metrics in fisheries management to generate and support spatially explicit conservation and exploitation policies.

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Ip, Jack Chi-Ho, Jian-Wen Qiu, and Benny K. K. Chan. "Genomic insights into the sessile life and biofouling of barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia)." Heliyon 7, no. 6 (June 2021): e07291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07291.

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Aldred, Nick, and Andrew Nelson. "Microbiome acquisition during larval settlement of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides." Biology Letters 15, no. 6 (June 2019): 20180763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0763.

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Barnacles are conspicuous members of rocky intertidal communities and settlement of the final larval stage, the cyprid, is influenced by the presence of biofilms. While modulation of cyprid settlement by biofilms has been studied extensively, the acquisition of a specific microbiome by the settling larva has not. This study investigated settlement in the field of Semibalanus balanoides in two consecutive years when the composition of the benthic bacterial community differed. In both years, settling cyprids adopted a specific sub-set of benthic bacteria that was distinct from the planktonic cyprid and the benthos. This microbiome was consistent, regardless of annual variability in the benthic community structure, and established within hours of settlement. The results imply that a natural process of selection occurs during the critical final transition of S. balanoides to the sessile form. The apparent consistency of this process between years suggests that optimal growth and survival of barnacles could depend upon a complex inter-kingdom relationship, as has been demonstrated in other animal systems.

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Carriol, René-Pierre, and Simon Schneider. "New species of fossil sessile barnacles (Verrucidae, Tetraclitidae) from the Pliocene of central Chile." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 270, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0077-7749/2013/0365.

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Antoniadou, Chryssanthi, Eleni Voultsiadou, Abdalnasser Rayann, and Chariton Chintiroglou. "Sessile biota fouling farmed mussels: diversity, spatio-temporal patterns, and implications for the basibiont." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 6 (March 5, 2013): 1593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412001932.

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The structure of sessile epibiotic assemblages fouling the shells of farmed populations of the common Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, a species known to be involved in ecosystem engineering processes, was investigated in the north Aegean Sea. Mussel samples were collected from three aquaculture installations and all sessile organisms were examined. Fifteen species were recorded, one macroalga and 14 macro-invertebrates. Four colonial species covered up to 20% of the mussel shell. Among solitary organisms, polychaetes dominated followed by barnacles. The diversity of sessile epibionts associated with farmed mussel populations was comparable to that observed on natural mussel beds in contrast to their abundance/cover, which was higher in the former, possibly due to the higher trophic status in the farming areas. The structure of epibiotic assemblages exhibited limited variability at the spatial scale, in general. On the contrary, strong temporal variability with decreased diversity and abundance/cover values during the cold period of the year was assessed, in accordance with the life cycles of species involved and prevailing environmental conditions. Mussel epibionts appeared to have a negative impact on their basibiont since a reduced condition index was detected; however this impact was rather weak and further data are required to generalize the consequences of epibiosis on farmed mussels.

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Dreanno, Catherine, Richard R. Kirby, and Anthony S. Clare. "Smelly feet are not always a bad thing: the relationship between cyprid footprint protein and the barnacle settlement pheromone." Biology Letters 2, no. 3 (June 14, 2006): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0503.

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A critical phase in the life cycle of sessile benthic marine invertebrates is locating a suitable substratum for settlement. For barnacles, it is the lecithotrophic cypris larva that makes this plankto–benthic transition. In exploring possible substrata for settlement, the cyprid leaves behind ‘footprints’ of a proteinaceous secretion that reportedly functions as a temporary adhesive, and also acts as a secondary cue in larval–larval interactions at settlement. Here, we show that two polyclonal antibodies raised against peptides localized at the N- and C-terminal regions of the adult settlement cue—the settlement-inducing protein complex (SIPC)—could both detect ‘temporary adhesive’ indicating that the SIPC is either a component of this secretion or that they are the same protein.

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Bell, James J., David K. A. Barnes, Claire Shaw, Aine Heally, and Aisling Farrell. "Seasonal ‘fall out’ of sessile macro-fauna from submarine cliffs: quantification, causes and implications." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, no. 6 (December 2003): 1199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540300849x.

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Submarine cliffs are typically crowded with sessile organisms, most of which are ultimately exported downwards. Here we report a 24 month study of benthic fauna dropping from such cliffs at sites of differing cliff angle and flow rates at Lough Hyne Marine Nature Reserve, Co. Cork, Ireland. The magnitude of ‘fall out’ material collected in capture nets was highly seasonal and composed of sessile and mobile elements. Sponges, ascidians, cnidarians, polychaetes, bryozoans and barnacles dominated the sessile forms. The remainder (mobile fauna) were scavengers and predators such as asteroid echinoderms, gastropod molluscs and malacostracan crustaceans. These were probably migrants targeting fallen sessile organisms. ‘Fall out’ material (including mobile forms) increased between May and August in both years. This increase in ‘fall out’ material was correlated with wrasse abundance at the cliffs (with a one month lag period). The activities of the wrasse on the cliffs (feeding, nest building and territory defence) were considered responsible for the majority of ‘fall out’ material, with natural mortality and the activity of other large mobile organisms (e.g. crustaceans) also being implicated. Current flow rate and cliff profile were important in amount of ‘fall out’ material collected. In low current situations export of fallen material was vertical, while both horizontal and vertical export was associated with moderate to high current environments. Higher ‘fall out’ was associated with overhanging than vertical cliff surfaces. The ‘fall out’ of marine organisms in low current situations is likely to provide an important source of nutrition in close proximity to the cliff, in an otherwise impoverished soft sediment habitat. However, in high current areas material will be exported some distance from the source, with final settlement again occurring in soft sediment habitats (as current speed decreases).

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Dicken, M. L., S. Parker Nance, and M. J. Smale. "Sessile biofouling on tags from recaptured raggedtooth sharks (Carcharias taurus) and their effects on tagging studies." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 4 (2011): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10255.

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Biofouling of external tags can damage both the animal and the tag. It is an inherent problem to many fish-tagging studies; however, it has received little attention. Between 2005 and 2007, we investigated the taxonomic group and wet weight of sessile multicellular eukaryonts growing on 33 B-type dart tags recaptured from raggedtooth sharks (Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810) along the eastern coast of South Africa. All tags, except one from a shark that had been at liberty only for 13 days, contained some degree of macro-fouling that ranged from 0.031 to 7.687 g wet weight. Barnacles and hydroids were the first colonisers and were recorded on tags after only 47 days. Bivalves, polychaetes and algae succeeded within 60 days. The last two taxa to be recorded were ascidians and sponges. There was no significant relationship between either the biomass of sessile organisms (P = 0.17) or the number of taxa (P = 0.59) found growing on tags and their time at liberty. Calcium carbonate plugs, ranging in weight from 0.16 to 9.18 g, were found at the site of the tag insertion wound on 27.3% of recaptures. The present study highlights the extent of biofouling growth on tags and its potential to bias results from tagging studies.

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Dennis, MM, AAMJ Becker, and MA Freeman. "Pathology of multifocal purple spots, a nonspecific lesion morphology of Caribbean sea fans Gorgonia spp." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 141 (September 17, 2020): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao03523.

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Disease is contributing to the decline of coral reefs globally, but the cause and pathogenesis of most coral diseases are poorly understood. Using Gorgonia ventalina and G. flabellum as a model for coral disease diagnosis, we histologically and microbiologically examined 45 biopsies of lesions resembling Gorgonia multifocal purple spots (MFPS) with the aim of forming a comprehensive case definition based on gross and microscopic morphologic descriptions and associated etiologies. Macroscopically, all lesions were small circular areas of purple pigmentation. Gross morphologies included pigmentation only (4/45, 9%), or pigmentation with branchlet expansion and fusion (19/45, 22%), sessile masses (17/45, 38%), or hard nodules (5/45, 9%). Histological morphologic diagnoses included amoebocyte encapsulation (9/45, 20%), coenenchymal amoebocytosis (6/45, 13%), melanin (17/45, 38%), and gorgonin deposition (13/45, 29%). Sixty-four percent of instances of fungi and 86% of labyrinthulomycetes were localized to grossly normal portions of the biopsy, whereas barnacles were only within lesions, and 87% of instances of algae and 82% of cyanobacteria were within lesioned area of the biopsy. Penicillium (n = 12) was the predominant genus of fungi isolated from biopsies. Barnacles were identified as Conopea sp. using molecular techniques. The pathology and etiology underlying MFPS lesions are diverse, consistent with a highly nonspecific lesion pattern rather than a specific disease. This study demonstrates the importance of microscopic examination of tissues for accurate classification of coral diseases and lesion patterns.

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Gilligan, Morgan, Kelli Hunsucker, Sandra Rech, Alyssa Sharma, Rebecca Beltran, Ryan T. White, and Robert Weaver. "Assessing the Biological Performance of Living Docks—A Citizen Science Initiative to Improve Coastal Water Quality through Benthic Recruitment within the Indian River Lagoon, Florida." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 6 (June 16, 2022): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060823.

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Like many estuaries worldwide, the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), has seen a decline in resources and overall water quality due to human activities. One method to help restore water quality and benthic habitats is to construct and deploy oyster restoration mats on dock pilings, known as the Living Docks program. This community-driven program was founded to promote the growth of filter-feeding benthic organisms and improve local water quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the growth and performance at four of the Living Dock locations and to provide feedback to the citizens who were involved in the initial process and deployments. Four docks were biologically assessed for temporal changes during three-time points throughout the year, as denoted by changes in temperature in October, February, and June. The back of each mat was also analyzed for organism cementation to the piling. The presence of filter-feeding organisms was found to vary both spatially and temporally, especially for the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), encrusting bryozoan (Schizobrachiella verrilli), sponges (Demospongiae), and barnacles (Amphibalanus amphitrite, Amphibalanus eburneus). A greater diversity in the sessile benthic flora and fauna was seen during the June sampling period. Cementation on the pilings was due to a combination of barnacles and sponge growth. Cementation was observed to increase from October and decrease for all but one dock for the June sampling period. The results demonstrate this restoration project to be successful in promoting the growth of benthic organisms, while also providing understanding into seasonal trends amongst species. Hopefully, the positive output will encourage more community members and citizen scientists to participate in the ongoing effort to help restore water quality in the IRL.

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BUCKERIDGE, JOHN S. "Two new species and a new subspecies of Tetraclitella (Cirripedia: Thoracica) from the Cainozoic of Australia and New Zealand and a consideration of the significance of tubiferous walls." Zootaxa 1897, no. 1 (October 10, 2008): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1897.1.4.

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A tubiferous cirripede Tetraclitella judiciae sp. nov., previously known only from two isolated and incomplete shell wall plates identified as Tetraclitella sp. cf. T. purpurascens (Wood, 1815), is described from the early Miocene of Victoria, Australia; a further taxon, Tetraclitella purpurascens miocenica subsp. nov., occurs in the late Miocene-Pliocene of Victoria, and specimens from the early Miocene of New Zealand, previously recorded as Tetraclitella sp. cf. T. purpurascens (Wood, 1815) are redesignated as Tetraclitella nodicostata sp. nov. Tetraclitella is the first cirripede genus known to have had tubiferous walls. Incorporation of chitinous stringers within the shell wall of early tetraclitids (e.g. Epopella) may have facilitated the development of the tubiferous shell wall, which permitted sessile barnacles to maximise the shell strength to calcite ratio: in doing so, these chitinous stringers not only reduced the diversion of energy required to extract calcium carbonate from seawater, but improved the effectiveness of the shell wall in resisting predators. It is also argued here that the presence of chitin within the shell increased resistance to both corrasion and corrosion, the latter becoming an increasing problem for calcareous shelled organisms following a drop in the pH of seawater after the PalaeoceneEocene Thermal Maximum.

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Christofoletti, Ronaldo A., Camila K. Takahashi, Diogo N. Oliveira, and Augusto A. V. Flores. "Abundance of sedentary consumers and sessile organisms along the wave exposure gradient of subtropical rocky shores of the south-west Atlantic." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91, no. 5 (December 16, 2010): 961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315410001992.

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Sedentary consumers play an important role on populations of prey and, hence, their patterns of abundance, distribution and coexistence on shores are important to evaluate their potential influence on ecosystem dynamics. Here, we aimed to describe their spatio-temporal distribution and abundance in relation to wave exposure in the intertidal rocky shores of the south-west Atlantic to provide a basis for further understanding of ecological processes in this system. The abundance and composition of the functional groups of sessile organisms and sedentary consumers were taken by sampling the intertidal of sheltered and moderately exposed shores during a period of one year. The sublittoral fringe of sheltered areas was dominated by macroalgae, while the low midlittoral was dominated by bare rock and barnacles. In contrast, filter-feeding animals prevailed at exposed shores, probably explaining the higher abundance of the predator Stramonita haemastoma at these locations. Limpets were more abundant at the midlittoral zone of all shores while sea urchins were exclusively found at the sublittoral fringe of moderately exposed shores, therefore, adding grazing pressure on these areas. The results showed patterns of coexistence, distribution and abundance of those organisms in this subtropical area, presumably as a result of wave action, competition and prey availability. It also brought insights on the influence of top-down and bottom-up processes in this area.

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Firstater, Fausto N., Fernando J. Hidalgo, Betina J. Lomovasky, Juan Tarazona, Georgina Flores, and Oscar O. Iribarne. "Coastal upwelling may overwhelm the effect of sewage discharges in rocky intertidal communities of the Peruvian coast." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 3 (2010): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09102.

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In coastal productive environments, such as upwelling systems, sewage effluents might represent an important input of nutrients affecting intertidal community development and structure. Using descriptive and experimental approaches, the community spatial variation and early succession in relation to a point-source effluent discharge in a rocky intertidal of an upwelling affected area (Ancón Bay, Peru) was analysed. The relative contribution of herbivory to the observed patterns was also analysed. Dissolved nutrient concentrations, macroalgal isotopic signatures and N content revealed a significant input of nutrients at the outfall, although this contribution was not reflected in the algal assemblage, but in higher abundances of mytilids, ophiuroids and limpets. Cover of most sessile organisms (biofilm, Ulva spp., mytilids and barnacles) varied among sites throughout early succession, and grazers only enhanced the cover of the red algae Gelidium spp. Differences in succession patterns could not be attributed to discharge effects. The results of this study suggest that the community development is bottom-up controlled in the entire bay, which is likely to be due to the upwelling that operates at larger temporal and spatial scales. If so, nutrient input derived from coastal upwelling may sometimes overwhelm the role of anthropogenic nutrient loadings in shaping intertidal communities.

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Fu, Jimin, Hua Zhang, Zhenbin Guo, Dan-qing Feng, Vengatesen Thiyagarajan, and Haimin Yao. "Combat biofouling with microscopic ridge-like surface morphology: a bioinspired study." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 140 (March 2018): 20170823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0823.

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Biofouling refers to the unfavourable attachment and accumulation of marine sessile organisms (e.g. barnacles, mussels and tubeworms) on the solid surfaces immerged in ocean. The enormous economic loss caused by biofouling in combination with the severe environmental impacts induced by the current antifouling approaches entails the development of novel antifouling strategies with least environmental impact. Inspired by the superior antifouling performance of the leaves of mangrove tree Sonneratia apetala , here we propose to combat biofouling by using a surface with microscopic ridge-like morphology. Settlement tests with tubeworm larvae on polymeric replicas of S. apetala leaves confirm that the microscopic ridge-like surface morphology can effectively prevent biofouling. A contact mechanics-based model is then established to quantify the dependence of tubeworm settlement on the structural features of the microscopic ridge-like morphology, giving rise to theoretical guidelines to optimize the morphology for better antifouling performance. Under the direction of the obtained guidelines, a synthetic surface with microscopic ridge-like morphology is developed, exhibiting antifouling performance comparable to that of the S. apetala replica. Our results not only reveal the underlying mechanism accounting for the superior antifouling property of the S. apetala leaves, but also provide applicable guidance for the development of synthetic antifouling surfaces.

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Leal, Inês, Augusto A. V. Flores, Ricardo A. Scrosati, and Réjean Tremblay. "Cyprid larvae of the acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides (Linnaeus, 1767) (Cirripedia: Sessilia: Archaeobalanidae) can metamorphose to juveniles without being permanently attached to a substrate." Journal of Crustacean Biology 40, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruz095.

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Abstract It is commonly assumed that the pelagic cyprid larvae of acorn barnacles must permanently attach to a substrate before metamorphosing to the benthic juvenile stage. We show that this is not always the case and demonstrate that some cyprids can metamorphose in the water column, i.e. without first becoming cemented to a surface. We observed early-metamorphosing cyprids to fully developed juveniles in coastal plankton samples during the 2018 recruitment season of Semibalanus balanoides (Linnaeus, 1767) in Atlantic Canada. We demonstrated through a laboratory experiment that cyprids can be induced to fully metamorphose into pelagic juveniles. These novel findings raise the question of whether this phenomenon may also occur in other barnacle species.

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Chan, Benny K. K., Se-Jong Ju, Dong-Sung Kim, and Se-Joo Kim. "First discovery of the sessile barnacle Eochionelasmus (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha) from a hydrothermal vent field in the Indian Ocean." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 100, no. 4 (June 2020): 585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315420000466.

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AbstractA new species of chionelasmatid sessile vent barnacle, Eochionelasmus coreana sp. nov., is described and illustrated on the basis of specimens collected from the Solitaire hydrothermal vent field in the Central Indian Ridge of the Indian Ocean. This new species is morphologically very similar to E. ohtai, the type species of the genus Eochionelasmus. However, it differs from E. ohtai in its distribution, the status of the notch on the maxillule, and the positions of rl1 and cl1 on whorls of the imbricating plates. In addition, a molecular phylogenetic tree indicated that the chionelasmatid Eochionelasmus was closely related to the waikalasmatid Waikalasma with high supporting values rather than the other chionelasmatid Chionelasmus. The new species is not only the first record of a sessile vent barnacle from outside of the Pacific Ocean, but is also the first sessile barnacle from the Indian Ocean.

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Newman, William A., and Robert R. Hessler. "A new abyssal hydrothermal verrucomorphan (Cirripedia; Sessilia): the most primitive living sessile barnacle." Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 21 (1989): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.24587.

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KOČÍ, TOMÁŠ, MARTINA KOČOVÁ VESELSKÁ, WILLIAM A. NEWMAN, JOHN S. BUCKERIDGE, and JAN SKLENÁŘ. "Archaeochionelasmus nekvasilovae gen. et sp. nov. (Cirripedia, Balanomorpha, Chionelasmatoidea) from the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin (Czech Republic): the first bona fide Cretaceous neobalanoform." Zootaxa 4294, no. 2 (July 18, 2017): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4294.2.3.

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This paper records a new sessile cirripede from a nearshore, shallow-water facies at Předboj near Prague, Czech Republic. The new taxon, Archaeochionelasmus nekvasilovae gen. et sp. nov., is the earliest known neobalanoform barnacle, and while it may have been an obligate commensal of a cephalopod or marine reptile, that it was a shore barnacle cannot be ruled out. (Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:177CC951-CEC1-425C-B693-46ADB83BD5D9)

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Taylor, Paul D., and Jonathan A. Todd. "Bioimmuration: exceptional fossil preservation made routine." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008479.

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Bioimmuration, broadly defined as fossilization by virtue of organic overgrowth, allows preservation of soft-bodied organisms and soft parts of organisms with mineralized skeletons. Sessile organisms attached to hard or firm substrates are routinely overgrown by other organisms competing for living space. If the overgrowing organism has a mineralized skeleton which is likely to be fossilized, then it may carry a high fidelity (sub-micron scale) impression of the overgrown organism on its underside. This is a mould bioimmuration, the simplest mode of preservation. A diagenetic infilling of the mould, commonly by calcite, produces a cast bioimmuration. In addition, the protected microenvironment between the overgrowing organism and the substratum favours early diagenetic permineralization of the soft tissues of the bioimmured organism and the development of more complex preservational styles.In spite of its potential for soft part fossilization, very little research has been undertaken on bioimmuration, with the notable exception of the work of Ehrhard Voigt principally on Maastrichtian sea-grass communities. Research in progress is revealing a great abundance of bioimmured fossils in Mesozoic shallow marine deposits of NW Europe where oysters and serpulids overgrew a variety of other organisms.Bioimmured soft-bodied bryozoans belonging to the Order Ctenostomata are very common and display a range of preservational styles. Minute spines and pores ornamenting the cuticular zooidal walls are sometimes present, as are permineralized pore chambers. The high diversity of stoloniferan and carnosan ctenostomes encrusting hard substrates in the Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian is striking and contrasts with the depauperate fauna of calcified cyclostome bryozoans.Oyster shells in the Kimmeridge Clay are often encrusted by myriads of tiny individuals of the inarticulate brachiopod Discinisca, previously known from comparatively few specimens of this age. Emerging from the fragile commissures are setae several times the length of the delicate phosphatic shells. Setae of neighbouring individuals may be aligned in parallel facing away from the direction of approach of the overgrowing organism.The hemichordate Rhabdopleura is common as a bioimmured fossil in the Oxford Clay. Overgrowth protects the periderm and the black stolons, and colonies are much more intact than previously described examples of this genus from the Jurassic.The Phylum Entoprocta had no unequivocal fossil record before the recent discovery of bioimmured entoprocts in the Kimmeridge Clay. Colonies comprise stolons linking erect zooids which have been pushed flat against the substratum during overgrowth. The existence of thickened sockets at the base of the zooids permits assignment of the fossils to the extant genus Barentsia. Permineralization of the entoproct cuticle has occurred, leaving minute pores apparently once occupied by epithelial microvilli.Pedunculate barnacles are commonly found bioimmured by oysters in the mid-Cretaceous Cambridge Greensand. Normally the cirri are retracted but in one exceptional example their outlines are clearly visible as moulds on the attachment area of an oyster.

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Coates, Mike. "Position affects gastropod predation of sessile colonizers on a tropical rocky shore." Marine and Freshwater Research 53, no. 6 (2002): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01061.

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A long-term experiment was carried out to determine the relative abilities of five sessile animals to colonize cleared plots in the presence or absence of predators. The experiment was done on two adjacent rocky shores, one sheltered and one exposed, on a small tropical island. The effect of predation in maintaining bare space was greatest on the exposed shore/upper mid-intertidal, less on the sheltered shore and absent on the exposed shore/lower mid-intertidal. The barnacle, Tesseropora rosea, recruited heavily at the exposed shore/lower mid-intertidal and was dominant, but was unable to colonize the exposed shore/upper mid-intertidal or the sheltered shore. The barnacle, Tetraclita squamosa, successfully colonized only the exposed shore/upper mid-intertidal and did not appear to be affected by predation. The oyster, Saccostrea amasa, had low colonization levels only on the sheltered shore and exposed shore/upper mid-intertidal, small individuals were susceptible to predation. The barnacle, Chthamalus maylayensis, heavily colonized only the exposed shore/upper mid-intertidal but was removed from this shore height by gastropod predators. The oyster, Saccostrea echinata, colonized only the sheltered shore and was very susceptible to predation. Given the variability found on this small spatial scale, it is suggested that consistent differences in ecological processes between regions (tropical versus temperate) are unlikely but, rather, that differences between localities will be found at the level of species interactions and abiotic effects in particular habits.

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Takemoto, Ayumi, Toshiaki Watanabe, Hirofumi Iyama, and Shigeru Itoh. "Research on Sessile Organism Removal from Metal Using the Underwater Shock Wave." Materials Science Forum 566 (November 2007): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.566.203.

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The sessile organism of the oyster and the barnacle, etc. causes friction between the surface of the ship and the water. Friction causes the deterioration of fuel cost. In addition, dry dock operation with putting the ship on the land or the diving operation, are needed for the removal of the sessile organism. These works require a very high cost. Various techniques for reducing friction resistance have been proposed. On the other hand, the method for the practical use is not popular still now. Authors tried to perform an experiment to remove the sessile organism on surface of the metal by using the underwater shock wave.

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Dauvin, Jean-Claude, Maël Deloor, Jean-Philippe Pezy, Aurore Raoux, Pascal Claquin, and Aurélie Foveau. "Four-Year Temporal Study of an Intertidal Artificial Structure in the English Channel." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111174.

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An experimental artificial structure was deployed in March 2014 on the intertidal zone of the Bay of Seine (eastern part of the English Channel), at intervals of one year until April 2018, i.e., from February 2015 onwards, two blocks were collected in April each year. This study provides an inventory of sessile and motile invertebrates living on the artificial hard-bottom and describes the stages of colonization and succession during the four-year study. A total of 84 taxa were identified including 13 sessile and 71 motile taxa. For the sessile fauna, only two taxa Balanus crenatus and Mytilus edulis had colonised the blocks in 2014, and the Taxonomic Richness (TR) was relatively stable during the next three years (between 8 and 10 taxa). The TR of the motile fauna showed an increase between 2014 (5 taxa) and 2015 (34 taxa), and then decreased from 54 taxa in 2017 to 29 taxa in 2018. The abundance of the sessile fauna was very high in 2014 due to the rapid settlement of the barnacle Balanus crenatus, which remained the dominant species throughout the study. Another barnacle Perforatus perforatus, the blue mussel Mytilus edulis and three ascidians including two non-indigenous species Perophora japonica and Corella eumyota, and Molgula sp. were also among the dominant taxa of the sessile fauna. In April 2014, the dominant motile taxa was the decapod Carcinus maenas juvenile, then in 2015 the fauna became dominated by pioneer taxa such as the amphipod of the genus Monocorophium and the tanaid Zeuxo holdichi. A reduction of mean abundance was observed in the last three years of the study, combined with diversification of the dominant species especially those of small size such as Peracarida. The study shows that the colonization of such blocks deployed on oyster tables in the intertidal zone is efficient to test the ability of building material to be colonized in this transition zone.

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Feng, Danqing, Caihuan Ke, Changyi Lu, and Shaojing Li. "Antifouling activity of marine sessile organisms from China against barnacle settlement." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91, no. 5 (February 1, 2011): 1073–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315410002195.

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The antifouling activity of a series of hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous extracts from 11 species of marine sessile organisms collected from the south-east coast of China was investigated. Settlement inhibition of cyprid larvae of the barnacleBalanus albicostatuswas used to evaluate their antifouling efficacy. Screening of the 44 extracts showed antifouling activity in 90.9% of the hexane extracts followed by 90.9% of the ethyl acetate, 72.7% of the ethanol and 36.4% of the aqueous extracts. The hexane extracts ofTubularia mesembryanthemum, Notarcus leachii cirrosusandStyela canopus, the ethyl acetate extracts ofBugula neritinaandN. leachii cirrosus,and the ethanol extracts of B. neritinaandAnthopleura sp.were the most active in inhibiting the settlement ofB. albicostatus, with EC50values all below 50 μg/ml. At least one of the four extracts of each tested species exhibited antifouling activity, suggesting that all 11 marine sessile organisms contained antifouling substances and they may have evolved chemical defences against biofouling on their surfaces.

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Liang, Chao, Yun Qiu Li, Bi Ru Hu, and Wen Jian Wu. "Prokaryotic Expression and Functional Characterization of the 19 kDa Protein in Balanus albicostatus Cement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 461 (November 2013): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.461.445.

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Barnacle is a unique sessile crustacean, which produces a multi-protein complex historically called barnacle cement to attach to diverse immersed materials permanently. The proteinaceous cement exhibits powerful adhesive property and special waterproof capability to cure at solid-liquid boundaries, which makes it ideal biomaterial for technical, medical and dental applications. It has been proved that a 19 kDa protein component, termed cp-19k in the cement plays a key role in surface coupling during underwater attachment. To verify whether the bacterial recombinant 19 kDa protein retains the adhesive ability, we cloned and sequenced the Bacp-19k gene in Balanus albicostatus. It encodes 173 amino acid residues, with seven biased ones, Thr, Lys, Gly, Ala, Val, Ser and Leu, comprising about 80% of the total. Two amino acid substitutions (F69L, I106L) were discovered in Bacp-19k due to the polymorphisms in barnacle cp-19ks, compared with the submitted one (GenBank: AB242295.1). Recombinant Bacp-19k was highly expressed in host strain Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified by affinity chromatography. Adsorption of recombinant Bacp-19k to glass substrata was examined by Coomassie brilliant blue staining. Future study will reveal the relationship between specific structures and functions for molecular design of novel biomimetic underwater adhesives.

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Noda, Takashi, and Masashi Ohira. "Transition in Population Dynamics of the Intertidal Barnacle Balanus glandula after Invasion: Causes and Consequences of Change in Larval Supply." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 11 (November 14, 2020): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110915.

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To elucidate how the population dynamics of the acorn barnacle Balanus glandula transitioned after its invasion in 2000 along the Pacific coast of Japan, a population census was conducted from 2004 to 2014 at five shores along 49 km of coastline 144–193 km east outside of the invasion front. Survey areas at each shore consisted of five paired plots (cleared recruitment plots and control plots). Larval recruitment was first detected in 2004 but benthic individuals were not detected until 2 years later. The abundance and occurrence of B. glandula increased until around 2010; abundance then decreased but occurrence remained high (70%) until 2014, suggesting that the metapopulation of this barnacle approached a maximum around 2011. From 2011, the population dynamics of B. glandula changed considerably at two contrasting spatial scales: at a regional scale, the dependency of the number of larvae on stock size decreased, whereas at a local scale, the relative contribution of larval supply as a determinant of local population dynamics decreased. These findings suggest that the major driving force of population dynamics of the introduced barnacle changed in just a few years after invasion; therefore, population census data from just after an invasion, including larval recruitment monitoring just outside the invasion front, is essential to understanding invasion dynamics by sessile marine organisms.

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Noda, Takashi, Aiko Iwasaki, and Keiichi Fukaya. "Recovery of rocky intertidal zonation: two years after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, no. 8 (December 22, 2015): 1549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531541500212x.

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To assess the course and status of recovery of rocky intertidal zonation after massive subsidence caused by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, from 2011 to 2013 we censused the vertical distribution of 10 dominant macrobenthic species (six sessile and four mobile species) in the mid-shore zone of 23 sites along the Sanriku coastline, 150–160 km north-northwest of the earthquake epicentre, and compared the vertical distributions of each species with their vertical distributions in the pre-earthquake period. The dynamics of rocky intertidal zonation varied substantially among species. Among sessile species, one barnacle dramatically increased in abundance and expanded its vertical range in 2011, but then decreased and completely disappeared from all plots by 2013. Zonations of other sessile species shifted downward following the subsidence in 2011. With some species, there was no clear change in abundance immediately after the earthquake, but they then began to increase and move upward after a few years; with other species, abundance continuously decreased. There was no clear change in the vertical distribution of any of the mobile species immediately after the earthquake. Abundance of two mobile species was unchanged, but abundance of the others decreased from 2012 and had not recovered as of 2013.

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Pérez-Losada, Marcos, Jens T. Høeg, Noa Simon-Blecher, Yair Achituv, Diana Jones, and Keith A. Crandall. "Molecular phylogeny, systematics and morphological evolution of the acorn barnacles (Thoracica: Sessilia: Balanomorpha)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 81 (December 2014): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.013.

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Satheesh, S., and S. Godwin Wesley. "Influence of substratum colour on the recruitment of macrofouling communities." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, no. 5 (April 20, 2010): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315410000032.

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Settlement of the fouling community is generally influenced by the physical, chemical and biological properties of the settling surface. The colour of the substratum may also exert an influence on larval settlement. In the present study, the influence of surface colour on the recruitment of fouling communities was investigated by suspending acrylic panels (red, green, blue, white and yellow) in coastal waters. Results showed that the colour of the substratum plays an important role in the recruitment of sessile species. Recruitment was comparatively high on red and blue coloured surfaces. Barnacle and tubeworm recruitment showed significant variation (Tukey test, P < 0.05) between different coloured surfaces. The significant conclusion of this study is that the colour of the artificial substrata should be taken into consideration when interpreting results from short-term biofouling studies.

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Freeman, Christopher J., Dean S. Janiak, Malcolm Mossop, Richard Osman, and Valerie J. Paul. "Spatial and temporal shifts in the diet of the barnacle Amphibalanus eburneus within a subtropical estuary." PeerJ 6 (August 15, 2018): e5485. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5485.

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The success of many sessile invertebrates in marine benthic communities is linked to their ability to efficiently remove suspended organic matter from the surrounding water column. To investigate the diet of the barnacle Amphibalanus eburneus, a dominant suspension feeder within the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) of central Florida, we compared the stable isotopes ratios (δ13C and δ15N) of barnacle tissue to those of particulate organic matter (POM). Collections were carried out quarterly for a year from 29 permanent sites and at sites impacted by an Aureoumbra lagunensis bloom. δ13C and δ15N values of Amphibalanus eburneus varied across sites, but δ15N was more stable over time. There was a range of δ15N values of Amphibalanus eburneus tissue from 6.0‰ to 10.5‰ across sites. Because land-based sources such as sewage are generally enriched in 15N, this suggests a continuum of anthropogenic influence across sites in the IRL. Over 70% of the variation in δ15N values of Amphibalanus eburneus across sites was driven by the δ15N values of POM, supporting a generalist feeding strategy on available sources of suspended organic matter. The dominance of this generalist consumer in the IRL may be linked to its ability to consume spatially and temporally variable food resources derived from natural and anthropogenic sources, as well as Aureoumbra lagunensis cells. Generalist consumers such as Amphibalanus eburneus serve an important ecological role in this ecosystem and act as a sentinel species and recorder of local, site-specific isotopic baselines.

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Yan, T., W. H. Cao, S. S. Liu, J. Yang, E. Y. Xie, M. X. He, and S. Zhang. "Ethylacetate extracts from the gorgonian coral Subergorgia reticulata reduce larval settlement of Balanus (=Amphibalanus) reticulatus and Pinctada martensii and spore germination of Ulva linza, U. lactuca and Gracilaria tenuistipitata." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, no. 6 (December 14, 2011): 1349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531541100049x.

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Ethylacetate extract of the gorgonian coral Suberogorgia reticulata was obtained and its effects on the larval settlement by acorn barnacle Balanus (=Amphibalanus) reticulatus and pearl oyster Pinctada martensii and spore germination of green algae Ulva linza and U. lactuca and red alga Gracilaria tenuistipitata was assessed in this study. Results showed that no larval settlement or spore germination occurred at the dose of 100 μg cm−2. Both larval settlement and spore germination were significantly inhibited by the extract at doses of 1 μg cm−2 for B. reticulatus, 0.1 μg cm−2 for U. linza and U. lactuca, and 0.01 μg cm−2 for P. martensii and G. tenuistipitata. It could be concluded that the gorgonian coral S. reticulata may produce bioactive substances with a broad spectrum of activity against a range of marine sessile organisms including macroalgae and invertebrates.

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Edlund, A. F., and M. A. Koehl. "Adhesion and reattachment of compound ascidians to various substrata: weak glue can prevent tissue damage." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 16 (August 15, 1998): 2397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.16.2397.

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Sessile, soft-bodied, compound ascidians are successful competitors for substrata in crowded benthic and epibiotic marine communities and can be effective colonists of new sites, through adult rafting and reattachment. Adhesion to the substratum is essential for these ecologically important functions; we therefore studied the material properties of colony attachment to various substrata in the rafting ascidians Botrylloides sp. We found that, compared with the strength of the colony tissues, the glue attaching Botrylloides sp. to the substratum is very weak. This relative weakness may protect the soft-bodied colonies from damage if they are ripped from their host. For sessile animals, such a weak-glue 'strategy' is only effective if the animals can later reattach to a substratum. By detaching Botrylloides sp. colonies from host eelgrass blades and allowing them to reattach, before measuring peel strengths, we learned that the initial reattachment of a colony depends upon rapid new growth of the colony rather than on fresh secretion of glue beneath old zooids. We also found that the propagation peel force necessary to remove Botrylloides sp. from different substrata (e.g. mussel shells, barnacle basal plates or eelgrass blades) depends upon the surface texture of the host. Thus, the overall tenacity of a colony is affected by the types of substrata that it overgrows.

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Feng, Danqing, Caihuan Ke, Changyi Lu, and Shaojing Li. "Antifouling potential of marine sessile organisms from the southeast coast of china against the barnacle Balanus albicostatus." Journal of Biotechnology 136 (October 2008): S590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1190.

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Coates, M., and SC McKillup. "Role of recruitment and growth in determining the upper limit of distribution of the intertidal barnacle Hexaminius popeiana." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 7 (1995): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9951065.

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The barnacle Hexaminius popeiana occurs in a zone up to approximately 3.7 m above chart datum on the trunks of mangrove trees in eastern Australia. Recruitment density of H. popeiana declined sharply with tidal height, and almost no recruitment occurred above the upper limit of distribution of sessile adults. Nevertheless, settlement of H. popeiana above the upper limit could be induced by the presence of adults, and there was little difference in the survival of either transplanted or induced recruits within, compared with above, the natural distribution. Surprisingly, therefore, no change in the upper limit of H. popeiana occurred, despite several episodes of recruitment during a two-year study. Factors that may act to restrict recruitment to substrata within the adult distribution are discussed. Growth rate was reduced and sexual maturity delayed at upper compared with lower tidal heights. An evolutionary cost of settling above the adult distribution appears to be delayed sexual maturity and reduced production of offspring, rather than post-settlement mortality per se.

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Osca, David, and Fabio Crocetta. "The ivory barnacle Amphibalanus eburneus (Gould, 1841) (Arthropoda: Hexanauplia: Sessilia) in Albania (Adriatic Sea)." BioInvasions Records 9, no. 2 (2020): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/bir.2020.9.2.03.

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Ross, Arnold, and William A. Newman. "A New Sessile Barnacle Symbiotic with Bryozoans from Madagascar and Mauritius (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha): A Unique Case of Co-Evolution?" Invertebrate Biology 115, no. 2 (1996): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3227045.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sessile barnacles'

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