Academic literature on the topic 'Set of elements of an offense'
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Journal articles on the topic "Set of elements of an offense"
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Starovoytova, S. "SET OF FACTS OF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENCE FOR CONTEMPT OF COURT OR THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF UKRAINE." Scientific notes Series Law 1, no. 10 (July 2021): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-9230-2021-10-88-93.
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The article is focused on the analysis of set of facts of an administrative offense for contempt of court or the Constitutional Court of Ukraine under the Art. 185-3 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses. The author has revealed the content of the main elements of the set of facts of an administrative offense for contempt of court or the Constitutional Court. It has been indicated that, unlike the established affirmation, the object of an administrative offense is not public relations in the field of judicial proceedings, but their specific element – it is the obligation of participants of the trial to comply with the established rules of conduct as part of the content of procedural legal relations. It has been clarified that the action, as a feature of the objective aspect of the offense under the Art. 185-3 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses can be manifested either in the action or omission. The main possible manifestations of actions and omission as manifestations of contempt of court or the Constitutional Court of Ukraine have been highlighted. The author has supported propositions on formalization of general rules of conduct in court and during court hearings. The author has proved the necessary to study the correlation of procedural and administrative offences committed during a court hearing, as well as the ratio of procedural coercive measures with administrative liability measures for contempt of court or the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. The author has clarified the expediency to unify approaches on determining the concept of “malicious evasion from appearing in court” in terms of the multiplicity of committing the offense. It has been stated that subjects of an administrative offense for contempt of court can be divided into general and special ones. It has been emphasized that an expert as a special subject of an administrative offense under the Art. 185-3 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses is solely responsible for contempt of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. Therefore, the author has offered to admit an expert as a special subject of administrative liability for contempt of court.
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Toporetska, Z. "CRIMINALISTICS CHARACTERISTICS OF ILLEGAL ENRICHMENT." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 64 (May 7, 2019): 305–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2019.64.27.
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In the article based on the analysis of scientific literature on criminology, criminal process and taking into account the actual changes to Art. 368-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption” have analyzed the criminalistics significant indications of illegal enrichment. The purpose of this article is to study within its scope the criminalistics significant indications of illegal enrichment. The authors consider the criminalistics characteristics of the crime as a system containing a set of forensic significance features that are inherent in a particular type of crime. Like any systematic education, the forensic description of crimes consists of interconnected components – elements. The specified elements are not isolated, but connected with certain correlation links, determined by the sequential placement of elements in accordance with the sequence of deployment of criminal activity, starting from the position: 1) the identity of the offender acting in the direction 2) the choice of the object of the attack, 3) in in certain conditions, 4) by applying certain methods, 5) causing the corresponding effects in the form of a set of tracks and damage. The article analyzes the following elements of the forensic character of illegal enrichment: the person of the offender, the subject of a direct criminal offense, the method of committing a crime, a trace pattern. The indicated elements are linked by correlation bonds, which reflect the dynamic, “phase” nature, due to the sequential placement of elements in accordance with the sequence of deployment of criminal activity. Forensic characteristics of illegal enrichment help to distinguish this offense from other official and corruption crimes. Forensic characteristics of illegal enrichment facilitate the determination of a range of circumstances to be proved in a criminal proceeding for crimes of this kind and the planning of their investigation. At the same time, while investigating crimes of this kind, there are a number of problems that require further resolution, and therefore this issue requires a separate scientific study, which will be the subject of further research. Key words: criminalistics, criminal process, forensic characteristic, illegal enrichment.
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Balekina, Violetta Mikhailovna. "Correlation between administrative responsibility for dissemination of deliberately misleading information and legal guarantees of freedom of expression and press freedom." Административное и муниципальное право, no. 6 (June 2021): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0595.2021.6.37330.
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This article examines the problem of correlation between the guarantees of freedom of expression and press freedom and the ban on dissemination of deliberately misleading information, established by the Part 10.1 of the Article 13.15 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Based on the use of relevant general scientific and special legal methods, the author reveals the peculiarities of administrative responsibility for the dissemination of deliberately misleading information, as well as determines the problematic aspects of the current legal regulation. Analysis is conducted on the composition and elements of an administrative offense set by the Part 10.1 of the Article 13.15 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. For establishing correlation between the guarantees of freedom of expression and press freedom and the ban on dissemination of deliberately misleading information, relying on the theoretical material and practice of application of the norms of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, the author covers the aspects of formulation of the categorical apparatus of the indicated norm, proportionality of the specified administrative responsibility and difficulties of proving the guilt of the offender. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that this topic has not previously become the subject of separate research. The author formulates the provisions, according to which the current version of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation with regards to the norm set by the Part 10.1 of the Article 13.15 allows for extensive interpretation of information prohibited for dissemination, and makes it virtually impossible to prove the falsity of disseminated information. The conclusion is made that the application of the norm set by the Part 10.1 of the Article 13.15 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation may entail the restriction of guarantees of the freedom of expression and press freedom.
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Nagorichna, O., S. Kapitanets, and E. Moldovan. "Administration of the system for prevention and counteraction to customs offenses in Ukraine." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 28, no. 4 (September 1, 2018): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2018.4.18.
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The author's model of the system for prevention and counteraction to customs offenses is presented in the article for the first time. It is shown that this system is a two-element set, the components of which are the legal and regulatory framework in this area, and the state authorities authorized to perform state functions in the customs sphere that interact with each other and the external environment in order to ensure prevention and counteraction to the violation of customs rules. Two types of connections between elements of the system of prevention and counteraction to a customs offense are shown – unilateral and bilateral ties. The principles of administration of the preventing system and counteracting customs offenses in the Ukrainian state are analyzed by analyzing the content of such an element of the system as the state authorities in the customs sphere. As a result of this analysis, it has been established that in Ukraine, the prevention and counteraction of customs offenses is most urged by SFS. It was found out that in Ukrainian practice of preventing and counteracting customs offenses, SFS plays a predominantly preventive, prophylactic role rather than punitive role in studying the purpose and functional load of SFS. The author's vision of interconnectedness and interdependence of ties between the elements of the system of prevention and counteraction to customs offenses is developed: at the normative and legal level, tasks, functions, rights and responsibilities of SFS are fixed, while the latter holds the norm-setting initiative and implements it, thus changing the state and meaningful content of regulatory and legal support.
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Boivin, Rémi, and Maurizio D’Elia. "A Network of Neighborhoods." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 54, no. 6 (April 27, 2017): 824–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427817705935.
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Objectives: Criminal target choice has been described as a multistage process: An offender first selects a suitable area from a set of alternatives and then chooses a specific target. This article studies area selection and attempts to distinguish between crime generators/visit detractors (elements that could affect anyone) and crime attractors/offense detractors (elements that affect offenders specifically). Methods: Trips that resulted in violent or property crimes between 506 census tracts in a large city ( n = 11,411) are analyzed. Multilevel negative binomial regression is used to assess the impact of measures relating to pairs of tracts and characteristics of destination tracts. Results: Various factors are significantly related to the number of crime-associated trips per pair of tracts: differences in reward (residential and visiting population size, presence of schools or bars), differences in effort (distance between tracts, major roads linking both tracts), and differences in risk (level of social disorganization). Conclusions: This article supports an “opportunistic perspective” on crime: Crime-associated trips are more likely when advantages are high and risks and efforts are low.
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Agustina, Hurip, Dadang Suprijatna, and Aal Lukmanul Hakim. "ANALISIS YURIDIS TINDAK PIDANA PENGGELAPAN YANG TIMBUL DARI HUBUNGAN SEWA MENYEWA MOBIL DIKAITKAN DENGAN PASAL 372 KUHP." DE RECHTSSTAAT 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jhd.v2i2.675.
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Crime embezzlement car rentals are lately often devastating car rental owner. This is an issue where the meaning of a rule of law if the crime committed community can not be followed by the rule of law, such as crimes by way of evasion is one of the types of crimes against human wealth which is stated in Article 372 of the Criminal Code, which is a crime that does not exist inexhaustible, both from the bottom layer to the top layer of society can also be committing a criminal act embezzlement is a crime that originated from the existence of a trust in others, and that trust is lost because of the lack of an honesty. It is stated that the crime of embezzlement have a problem that is closely linked to attitudes, moral, mental, honesty and trust humans as individuals. The purpose of this study are as follows: 1) To determine and analyze the occurrence of the crime of embezzlement car rental. 2) To know and analyze the application of Article 372 of the Criminal Code the crime of embezzlement in the rental car. 3) To know and analyze the efforts of the police in preventing crime of embezzlement car lease. This study uses normative juridical approach that is used to make the description clear, systematic, transparent and precise about the facts / specific nature of the area and population which is then analyzed to obtain the desired facts. Criminal offense embezzlement rental car can be imprisoned if they meet the overall elements of the offenses charged by the public prosecutor and the offender accountable for his actions. If the offender does not meet one of the elements of which the accused, then it can not be convicted. The elements of criminal responsibility are: 1) committing illegal or criminal acts; 2) for the criminal should be able to be responsible; 3) to have a fault; 4) absence of an excuse. The conclusion from this study is the adoption of Article 372 of the Criminal Code in criminal offenses of embezzlement car rental where the incidence of criminal acts committed tenants for the rented goods belonging to the owner of the rental rights because of misuse or abuse of trust in which the crime of embezzlement are set in the provisions of Article 372 of the Criminal Code.
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Serhieieva, D., and Z. Toporetska. "Criminalistics characteristics of official forgery." Herald of criminal justice, no. 3 (2019): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2413-5372.2019.3/90-99.
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In the article, based on the analysis of scientific literature on criminalistics and criminal process, the analysis of criminalistics characteristics features of official forgery. It is justified that official forgery is a crime that is used to commit the majority of corruption crimes. In most cases, the causes and conditions of its commission are related to the factors that contribute to the commission of corruption and official misconduct, as in most cases, official forgery accompanies them. The purpose of this article is to study the criminalistics characteristics of office counterfeiting. The criminalistics characteristic of the crime is considered by the authors as a system containing a set of forensic significance features inherent in a certain type of crime. Like any system education, criminalistics characterization of crimes consists of interconnected components – elements. The indicated elements are not isolated, but connected with certain correlation links, determined by the sequential placement of elements in accordance with the sequence of deployment of criminal activity, starting from the position: 1) personality of the offender acting in the direction 2) the choice of the object of the criminal offense, 3) in a certain environment, 4) by applying certain methods, 5) causing the corresponding effects in the form of a set of tracks and damage. The following elements of f criminalistics characteristics of official forgery are analyzed in the article: the identity of the offender, the subject of direct criminal assault, the method of committing the crime, the following picture. The criminalistics characteristics of official forgery allows to distinguish it from other crimes, in particular from forgery of documents, as well as crimes committed through forgery. The criminalistics characteristics of official forgery facilitates the identification of the circumstances to be proven in criminal proceedings for crimes of this kind and the planning of their investigation. At the same time, during the investigation of crimes of this kind, there are a number of problems that need further resolution, and therefore the issue requires separate scientific research, which will be the subject of further scientific research.
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Антонюк, О. А. "CRIMINAL CHARACTERISTICS AS AN ELEMENT OF THE METHODOLOGY OF INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER." Juridical science, no. 3(105) (March 30, 2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2222-5374-2020-105-3.01.
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The relevance of the article is that the forensic characteristics should be based on the study of materials of criminal cases and proceedings, as well as have a direct practical direction. That is, to solve specific tasks of the investigation: to provide opportunities for the development of versions, to build correlations between individual elements, to ensure better planning of the investigation, and so on. Otherwise, it will really be a "phantom", ie an ineffective tool of investigation. At the same time, scientists continue to investigate illegal acts in terms of constructing their forensic characteristics. The scientific article is devoted to the study of some aspects of the investigation of criminal offenses against public order. The peculiarities of forensic characteristics as an element of the methodology of investigation of a certain category of criminal offenses are considered. The author emphasizes that the forensic characteristics should be based on the study of materials of criminal cases and proceedings, as well as has a direct practical direction. That is, to solve specific tasks of the investigation: to provide opportunities for proposing versions, building correlations between individual elements, ensuring better planning of the investigation, and so on. Otherwise, it will really be a "phantom", ie an ineffective tool of investigation. At the same time, scientists continue to investigate illegal acts in terms of constructing their forensic characteristics. In our opinion, this is really important for the methodology of investigation of any criminal offense, so we will try to solve the problem of its construction in the studied category of actions: against public order. The notion of forensic characteristics is formulated as a set of data on forensically important features and properties of an illegal act, which is due to the natural connections between its individual elements and provides construction and verification of versions to solve specific problems of criminal proceedings.
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Danilov, E. O. "Problems of Holding Subjects of Medical Activity Responsible under Administrative Law." Actual Problems of Russian Law, no. 7 (August 25, 2019): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.104.7.027-034.
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Analysis of normative acts, law enforcement practice and legislative activity indicates the existence of a set of problems concerning imposition of administrative responsibility on subjects of medical activity. Despite the fact that Chapter 6 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation provides for specific elements of offences that are detrimental to the human health, subjects of medical activity are often brought to administrative responsibility for different elements. At the same time, the current Administrative Offences Code of the Russian Federation does not contain rules regarding responsibility for performing illicit medical activity. While considering the cases of imposing administrative responsibility on medical organizations, we raise questions about qualification of offenses imputed to them, which is of particular importance in view of the existing duplication of powers of supervisory bodies. Another problem arises due to the imperfection of normative documents (in particular — the procedures for rendering medical care), for non-compliance with which medical organizations are held accountable. A draft law on improving administrative responsibility in the health sector, which is being considered by the State Duma, does not offer a solution to this problem, but without sufficient justification introduces duplicative special elements of crime into the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation.
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Kachalia, Allen, Niteesh K. Choudhry, and David M. Studdert. "Physician Responses to the Malpractice Crisis: From Defense to Offense." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 33, no. 3 (2005): 416–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2005.tb00509.x.
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Medical science brings innovations in patient care at an astounding pace today - new chemotherapeutic agents, coated stents, and minimally invasive surgery are just few recent examples. For physicians, though, the specter of malpractice liability can overshadow the marvel of practicing in this era. Many physicians are working in a volatile liability environment; they face spiraling costs for malpractice insurance, have difficulties purchasing liability coverage at any price, and see record payouts in a growing number of claims against their colleagues. The American Medical Association (AMA) has declared that at least 20 states are currently in a malpractice “crisis,” with another 24 states showing early signs of an impending crisis.There have been two comparable periods of instability in the last thirty years, but these predecessor crises differ from the current one in important ways. First, while physicians mainly experienced dwindling options for obtaining coverage in the mid-1970s (i.e., availability) and exorbitant prices in the mid-1980s (i.e., affordability), the current crisis appears to have elements of both availability and affordability.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Set of elements of an offense"
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Прохоров, К. О. "Адміністративна відповідальність за порушення порядку подання декларації про доходи та ведення обліку доходів і витрат." Thesis, МАУП, 2021. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/14724.
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Дисертаційне дослідження присвячено розробці моделі адміністративної відповідальності за порушення порядку подання декларації про доходи та ведення обліку доходів і витрат. У роботі визначено правову природу юридичної відповідальності за правопорушення у податковій сфері України, розкрито сутність і зміст адміністративної відповідальності, передбаченої у ст. 164-1 КУпАП, в структурі юридичної відповідальності за податкові правопорушення. Встановлено та систематизовано підстави та умови адміністративної відповідальності за ст. 164-1 КУпАП. Конкретизовано зміст і складові елементи об’єктивних і суб’єктивних елементів складу порушення, передбаченого ст. 164-1 КУпАП. Виокремлено, проаналізовано та узагальнено основні актуальні проблеми притягнення порушників до адміністративної відповідальності за ст. 164-1 КУпАП, зокрема: теоретичні; ідеологічні; нормативно-правові; політико-правові, економічні і процедурні. Сформульовано пропозиції щодо вдосконалення чинного адміністративного законодавства у досліджуваній сфері, а також окреслено основні шляхи оптимізації адміністративно-юрисдикційної діяльності органів, уповноважених притягувати порушників до адміністративної відповідальності за ст. 164-1 КУпАП. The dissertation for the first time reveals theoretical and practical issues of administrative responsibility for violation of the procedure for income declaration and maintaining records of income and expenditure, as defined in the Art. 164-1 of the Administrative Offense Code of Ukraine. Administrative liability for violation of Art. 164-1 of the Administrative Offense Code of Ukraine is considered as a special manifestation of the «system of legal responsibility in the tax area», being its integral element, characterized by many common and special features. This liability takes place as a result of illegal actions committed by individuals in the tax area. These unlawful acts belong to the group of «administrative violations of legal obligations for tax payment and declaration of incomes and property status». The social and legal essence and legal content of causes and conditions for administrative responsibility have been clarified. The criteria for causes and a set of necessary conditions for the liability under Art. 164-1 of the Administrative Offense Code of Ukraine have been defined. Particular attention is paid to a critical analysis of the composition of the offense under Art. 164-1 of the Administrative Offense Code of Ukraine. The object of this offense is public relations that take place in the field of tax accounting and income declaration, the objective side is the illegal acts provided for in Art. 164-1 of the Administrative Offense Code of Ukraine. The social consequences of the illegal act are determined; in addition, a causal link was established between the act under Art. 164-1 of the Administrative Offense Code of Ukraine, and its consequences. The main characteristics of the subject of the offense (an individual with a corresponding duty) and the subjective side (guilt in the form of intent or negligence; optional characteristics of the offense are the purpose and motive of crime) are revealed. Special conditions have been established under which the objective and subjective elements of this offense will be sufficient for the emergence of administrative responsibility under Art. 164-1 of the Administrative Offense Code of Ukraine. The work systematized the problems of bringing violators to administrative responsibility under Art. 164-1 of the Administrative Offense Code of Ukraine, in particular: conceptual problems (lack of an integrated scientific approach for understanding the responsibility under Art. 164-1 of the Administrative Offense Code of Ukraine); ideological problems (low level of legal society awareness, an increase of legal nihilism, discredited state tax policy); normative problems (a difficult concept understanding of an offense as in Art. 164-1 of the Administrative Offense Code of Ukraine, uncertainty in the consequences of ineffective use of administrative resources when prosecuted under Art. 164-1 of the Administrative Offense Code of Ukraine); political and legal, economic and cultural crisis (difficulties in identifying and bringing violators to responsibility under Art. 164-1 of the Administrative Offense Code of Ukraine: in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine); procedural problems (slow response to offenses, non-compliance with the rules for drawing up a protocol and/or other documents of a case on an administrative offense under Art. 164-1 of the Administrative Offense Code of Ukraine. Dissertation has identified the factors that aggravate the negative effect of the identified problems of bringing violators to administrative responsibility under Art. 164-1 of the Administrative Offense Code of Ukraine. Moreover, specific proposals were formulated in order to solve the identified problems, improve the current national legislation, as well as to optimize the administrative and jurisdictional activities of the recently created Tax Service of Ukraine in the context of bringing the relevant violators to administrative responsibility under Art. 164-1 of the Administrative Offense Code of Ukraine.
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Nagpal, Charu. "A delay-efficient radiation-hard digital design approach using code word state preserving (cwsp) elements." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85906.
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With the relentless shrinking of the minimum feature size of VLSI Integrated
Circuits (ICs), reduction in operating voltages and increase in operating frequencies,
VLSI circuits are becoming more vulnerable to radiation strikes. As a result, this
problem is now important not only for space and military electronics but also for
consumer ICs. Thus, the design of radiation-hardened circuits has received significant
attention in recent times.
This thesis addresses the radiation hardening issue for VLSI ICs. In particular,
circuit techniques are presented to protect against Single Event Transients (SETs).
Radiation hardening has long been an area of research for memories for space and
military ICs. In a memory, the stored state can ip as a result of a radiation strike.
Such bit reversals in case of memories are known as Single Event Upsets (SEUs).
With the feature sizes of VLSI ICs becoming smaller, radiation-induced glitches have
become a source of concern in combinational circuits also. In combinational circuits,
if a glitch due to a radiation event occurs at the time the circuit outputs are being
sampled, it could lead to the propagation of a faulty value. The current or voltage
glitches on the nodes of a combinational circuit are known as SETs. When an SET
occurring on a node of a logic network is propagated through the gates of the network
and is captured by a latch as a logic error, it is transformed to an SEU.
The approach presented in this thesis makes use of Code Word State Preserving
(CWSP) elements at each ip-op of the design, along with additional logic to trigger
a recomputation in case a SET induced error is detected. The combinational part of
the design is left unaltered. The CWSP element provides 100% SET protection for
glitch widths up to min{(Dmin-D1)/2, (Dmax-D2)/2}, where Dmin and Dmax are
the minimum and maximum circuit delay respectively. D1 and D2 are extra delays
associated with the proposed SET protection circuit. The CWSP circuit has two
inputs - the flip flop output signal and the same signal delayed by a quantity 6. In
case an SET error is detected at the end of a clock period i, then the computation is
repeated in clock period i+1, using the correct output value, which was captured by
the CWSP element in the ith clock period. Unlike previous approaches, the CWSP
element is i) in a secondary computational path and ii) the CWSP logic is designed to
minimally impact the critical delay path of the design. It was found through SPICE
simulations that the delay penalty of the proposed approach (averaged over several
designs) is less than 1%. Thus, the proposed technique is applicable for high-speed
designs, where the additional delay associated with the SET protection must be kept
at a minimum.
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KEE, SOONBOK. "Elements of Continuity in Alexander Scriabin's Musical Language: An Analysis of Selected Piano Preludes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1204677896.
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Слиш, М. В. "Поняття рецидиву кримінального правопорушення." Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/23130.
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Слиш, М. В. Поняття рецидиву кримінального правопорушення : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 262 "Правоохоронна діяльність" / М. В. Слиш ; керівник роботи І. В. Берднік ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра правоохоронної діяльності та загальноправових дисциплін. – Чернігів, 2021. – 75 с.В сучасних умовах актуальність дослідження рецидиву кримінального правопорушення у кримінальному праві України зумовлюється підвищеною суспільною небезпечністю даного явища. Як наслідок, підвищена суспільна небезпечність рецидивної злочинності в цілому полягає в тому, що вона виражає таку якість злочинності, як її стійкість, засвідчуючи вперте небажання низки осіб поводити себе відповідно до прийнятих у суспільстві норм, надання переваги кримінальних варіантів вирішення такими особами своїх проблем, незважаючи на вжиті до них заходи. Застосування покарання є останнім стримуючим засобом у системі протидії злочинності і її серцевині – рецидивній злочинності. Не можна закликати до толерантності щодо рецидивістів, які вчинили чергове кримінальне правопорушення. Тому, закономірно, що толерантність повинна мати межі. Не можна загравати зі злом, це погано закінчується. Таким чином, враховуючи вищевикладене, дослідження особливостей рецидиву кримінального правопорушення в кримінальному праві України має не тільки теоретичне, але й практичне значення, що й обумовлює актуальність обраної теми дослідження. В Розділі 1 випускної кваліфікаційної роботи досліджуються поняття і ознаки рецидиву кримінального правопорушення, кримінально-правове значення рецидиву кримінального правопорушення, рецидив кримінальних правопорушень за законодавством зарубіжних країн. В Розділі 2 випускної кваліфікаційної роботи проаналізовано особливості відмежування рецидиву від одиничного кримінального правопорушення, відмежування рецидиву від повторного правопорушення а також відмежування рецидиву від сукупності кримінальних правопорушень. Розділ 3 випускної кваліфікаційної роботи присвячено аналізу проблем кваліфікації рецидиву кримінальних правопорушень та судової практики рецидиву кримінальних правопорушень (на прикладі судових проваджень Північного регіону). Основні положення та висновки випускної кваліфікаційної роботи обговорювалися під час Круглого столу «Розвиток правоохоронної системи України в сучасних умовах» (20 листопада 2020 року, м. Чернігів).
In modern conditions, the relevance of the study of recidivism in the criminal law of Ukraine is due to the increased social danger of this phenomenon. As a result, the increased social danger of recidivism in general is that it expresses such a quality of crime as its persistence, demonstrating the stubborn reluctance of some people to behave in accordance with accepted norms in society, giving preference to criminal options for solving such problems, despite on the measures taken against them. The use of punishment is the last deterrent in the system of combating crime and its core - recidivism. Tolerance cannot be called for recidivists who have committed another criminal offense. Therefore, it is natural that tolerance should have limits. You can't flirt with evil, it ends badly. Thus, taking into account the above, the study of the features of recidivism in the criminal law of Ukraine has not only theoretical but also practical significance, which determines the relevance of the chosen research topic. In Section 1 of the final qualifying work the concepts and signs of recidivism of criminal offense, criminal-legal value of recidivism of criminal offense, recidivism of criminal offenses under the legislation of foreign countries are investigated. Section 2 of the final qualifying work analyzes the features of delimitation of recidivism from a single criminal offense, delimitation of recidivism from a repeated offense and delimitation of recidivism from a set of criminal offenses. Section 3 of the final qualification work is devoted to the analysis of the problems of qualification of recidivism of criminal offenses and judicial practice of recidivism of criminal offenses (on the example of court proceedings of the Northern region). The main provisions and conclusions of the final qualifying work were discussed during the Round Table "Development of the law enforcement system of Ukraine in modern conditions" (November 20, 2020, Chernihiv).
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MOSELEY, BRIAN CHRISTOPHER. "INTEGRATING ANALYTICAL ELEMENTS THROUGH TRANSPOSITIONAL COMBINATION IN TWO WORKS BY GEORGE CRUMB." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1187014156.
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Harp, Michael T. "Developing a Useful Set of Proxy Elements for the Targeting and Exploration of Gold Deposits, Black Hills, South Dakota." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1289841053.
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Melandri, Giovanni. "Study of a novel solution to obtain controllable stiffness for beam-like elements." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20196/.
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La presente tesi tratta dello studio di concetti volti all'ottenimento di strutture meccaniche a rigidezza variabile per applicazioni in ambito di ricerca scientifica, in particolare per una futura applicazione in un robot aereo ad ala battente, al fine di studiare l'interazione tra ala elastica ed aria.
Vengono riassunti i metodi per ottenere rigidezza variabile ed, in seguito ad una fase di confronto basato su requisiti ed obiettivi di progetto, vengono scelte due soluzioni.
Il lavoro mostra che il concetto "sliding segments" funziona bene per una trave composta da un'asta interna ed un tubo esterno, entrambi formati da segmenti rigidi e flessibili alternati, di due materiali differenti. La rigidezza flessionale della trave varia grazie ad una traslazione dell'asta interna.
Viene inoltre mostrato come un'asta ed un tubo possono essere combinati per ottenere una trave rotante con diversi livelli di rigidezza flessionale in una direzione, riducendo gli effetti della flessione deviata.
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Saad, Ali. "Modélisation par level set des macroségrégations induites par le retrait à la solidification." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM026/document.
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La macroségrégation est un défaut connu dans les procédés de coulées industrielles. La genèse de ce défaut est la conséquence de l'interaction complexe entre la microségrégation ou la distribution des espèces chimiques à l'échelle de la microstructure et les mouvements des phases liquide et solides. Les hétérogéneités de concentration en solutés à l'échelle de la pièce peuvent être rédhibitoires vis-à-vis de la qualité du produit.Dans ce travail, on propose un modèle numérique pour simuler et prédire la formation des macroségrégations en coeur des pièces d'alliages multi-constitués, induites par des variations thermiques et solutales dans la phase liquide. Dans un premier temps, on considère que le métal solidifie à volume constant. Dans ce contexte, la convection thermosolutale est étudiée ainsi que son influence sur la formation des canaux ségrégées à différentes échelles de modélisation. Dans un deuxième temps, le modèle vise à prédire les macroségrégations en présence de changement de volume du métal, dont la cause principale est le retrait à la solidification, pouvant être à l'origine du phénomène de ségrégation inverse. La surface entre le métal et le gaz environnant au cours du retrait évolue pendant le retrait en fonction du chemin de solidification qui varie avec la macroségrégation. Cette évolution d'interface est suivi par la méthode level set. Des prédictions de concentration moyenne, couplées aux bases de données thermodynamiques pour mieux prédire les chemins de solidification des alliages multi-constitués, sont analysées et comparées avec des résultats expérimentaux. Finalement, des calculs de solidification en microgravité sont présentées, simulant un essai expérimental dans le contexte du projet CCEMLCC lancé par l'Agence Spatiale Européenne. Les résultats en fin de solidification montrent un accord acceptable quant à la forme et l'élongation des échantillons solidifiés. Ces calculs sont faits avec des approximations binaire, ternaire et quaternaire d'une même nuance d'acier utilisée dans les essais en microgravitéMacrosegregation is key defect in industrial casting processes. During solidification, solute redistribution at the scale of microstructure, also known as microsegregation, take place with complex interactions, in order to form one or more solid phases. These interactions between microsegregation and movements of liquid and solid phases may lead to macrosegregations. These solute heterogeneities spanning on a larger scale, may result in a bad casting quality. In this thesis, we propose a numerical model to simulate and predict macrosegregations occurring in the centre of multicomponent alloys, caused by thermal and solutal variations in the liquid phase. First, we assume that the metallic alloy solidifies with a constant volume. In this context, we study the influence of thermosolutal convection on the formation of channel segregations, at different modelling scales. The second part of this modelling work consider solidification while the metallic alloy's volume is decreasing, mainly due to overall density variation, also known as solidification shrinkage, possibly leading to the so-called inverse segregation phenomenon, appearing on the alloy's skin. In the context of solidification shrinkage, the shape of the metal's boundary with surrounding gases varies according to a constantly changing solidification path due to macrosegregation. The level set method is therefore used to track its evolution with time. Composition predictions, coupled with thermodynamic database mappings for more accurate multicomponent solidification paths, are analysed and compared to existing experimental setups. Finally, simulations of a reduced-gravity solidification cases are performed, mocking an experimental benchmark from the CCEMLCC project launched by the European Space Agency. The results after complete solidification show acceptable agreement for the final shape, compared to experimental results. These computations were performed with binary, ternary and quaternary approximations of the same steel grade which was used in reduced-gravity experiments
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Malczewski, Eric. "The elements of "social" science: an essay concerning the set of elemental empirical phenomena that underlie and distinguish social scientific inquiry." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32032.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Seeking to contribute clarity in understanding the essential characteristics of social science, the thesis this essay defends is that the legitimacy of "social science" as a distinct patterned activity oriented to attaining objective knowledge of humanity depends upon the recognition of its characteristic set of phenomena and that this set is comprised of meaningful behavior; this set was isolated by Max Weber in his major theoretical work and is the central subject matter of his empirical studies. Weber's approach and view is compared with that of the contemporary Chicago historian William H. Sewell, Jr.; specifically, examination of Sewell's view on the nature of the "social" leverages the importance of Weber's concept of "action" underlying "social action" and draws attention to the elemental importance of "action" for social science. Chapter 1 discusses science seen as a "social institution." In this context, the goal or end of "social science" is examined, and a discussion of Geertz' concept "cultural system" is introduced so as to offer clarity concerning the value of the concept of "social institution." Delineating the "social" for "social science" is argued to be essential for the testing of social scientific theories grounded in empirical phenomena. Chapter 2 engages Sewell's approach to the question of the "social" with a view toward the status of his response as an ontological claim and examines his definition of "semiotic practices." A theoretical discussion of the concepts of "action" and "social action" rooted in Weber's Economy and Society provides the framework for Chapter 3, and a discussion of the importance of explanation and understanding in Weber's view is developed. The central argument here is that the concept of "action" is elemental to Weber's approach. Chapter 4 looks forward and discusses the convergence of thought between Sewell and Max Weber and argues that the merits of this view are suggestive for contemporary scholarship.
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Fausty, Julien. "Towards the full field modeling and simulation of annealing twins using a Finite Element Level Set method." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM022.
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Le dimensionnement des disques de superalliage base nickel dans les moteurs d’avion est un processus complexe et critique pour le bon fonctionnement du transport aérien. L’amélioration continue des performances de ces composants doit assurer la bonne tenue du moteur dans des conditions mecaniques et thermiques extrêmes. Un des aspects les plus importants dans la genèse de ces produits est l’état microstructural de la matière. Les ingénieurs qui développent ces turbines ont donc un besoin spécifique pour des modèles capables de prédire les évolutions microstructurales pendant le forgeage. Ce travail a pour but d’améliorer les approches numériques de type Elément Finis - Level Set appliquées à l’ évolution des microstructures métalliques en enrichissant la description des joints de grains. L’enrichissement de la représentation des joints de grains est nécessaire afin de prendre en compte des joints particuliers - comme les joints de macles - qui sont observés en très grand nombre dans les superalliages forés. Cette activité vise particulièrement à incorporer l’effet des énergies arbitraires des interfaces cristallines dans les modèles de migration de joints de grains. Les modifications aportées à la méthode sont à la fois numériques et mathématiques. En incluant des termes supplémentaires dans l’expression de la vitesse de migration de l’interface, cette étude montre, par la simulation de cas analytiques et non-analytiques, que l’approche est capable de simuler un éventail de phénomènes. A la fois l’effet de l’ancrage dû à l’orientation et le moment sur les joints multiples sont mis en évidence. La méthode donne aussi des résultats plus fiables sur la simulation des joints avec des propriétés particulières comme les joints de maclesThe design of nickel based superalloy disks in an industrial setting is a stringent process which must produce critical components of the aircraft engine. Improving these components is no small feat given the extreme mechanical and thermalconstraints endured by these types of parts. One of the most important aspects of the design is the microstructure of the unerlying material. As such, the engineers who design these machines have a specific need for models capable of predicting microstructural evolution in metallic materials during the forging process. This work aims to improve on the existing Level Set Finite Element framework for microstructural evolution by including enriched descriptions of grain boundaries. These enriched characterizations are needed in order to take into account special boundaries - such as the twin boundary - which can be observed in great number in forged superalloys. This effort is concentrated on integrating arbitrary values for the grain boundary energy density into the numerical models.This enhancement of the model lies not only in the numerical aspects but also in the underlying mathematical formulation. By including supplemental terms in the expression of the velocity of a migrating grain boundary, this investigation has found, using analytical and non-analytical benchmarks, that the new approach is able to take into account a host of phenomena. Evidence of both orientation pinning and torque applied to triple junctions has been found in virtually annealed polycrystals. Also, the model has proven to be more capable of taking into account the singular behavior of the twin boundary then previous iterations of the method
Books on the topic "Set of elements of an offense"
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Krantz, Steven G. Elements of advanced mathematics. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2012.
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Ready, set, practice: Elements of landscape architecture professional practice. New York: Wiley, 1994.
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Sharky, Bruce G. Ready, set, practice: Elements of landscape architecture professional practice. New York: Wiley, 1994.
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Newman, M. H. A. Elements of the topology of plane sets of points. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1985.
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Newman, M. H. A. Elements of the topology of plane sets of points. 2nd ed. New York: Dover Publications, 1992.
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Ward, Dan. The radical elements of radical success: Six tools to help set, pursue and achieve meaningful goals. [S.l.]: Lulu.com, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Set of elements of an offense"
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Kubrusly, Carlos S. "Set-Theoretic Structures." In Elements of Operator Theory, 1–35. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3328-0_1.
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Souza de Cursi, Eduardo, Rubens Sampaio, and Piotr Breitkopf. "Elements of Set Theory." In Modeling and Convexity, 77–96. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118622438.ch6.
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Nerode, Anil, and Richard A. Shore. "Elements of Set Theory." In Logic for Applications, 315–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0649-1_7.
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Kingsnorth, George J., Gavin Cromhout, Janee Aronoff, Dan Caylor, and Pete Walsh. "Set Up." In Photoshop Elements 2 Tips and Tricks, 200–217. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-5127-9_10.
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Kubrusly, Carlos S. "Set-Theoretic Structures." In The Elements of Operator Theory, 1–36. Boston: Birkhäuser Boston, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-4998-2_1.
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Dyczkowski, Krzysztof. "Elements of Fuzzy Set Theory." In Studies in Computational Intelligence, 29–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67005-8_3.
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Syropoulos, Apostolos. "Elements of Fuzzy Set Theory." In IFSR International Series on Systems Science and Engineering, 43–50. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8379-3_3.
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Dshalalow, Jewgeni H. "Elements of Point-Set Topology." In Foundations of Abstract Analysis, 171–236. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5962-0_3.
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Rădulescu, Teodora-Liliana T., Vicenţiu D. Rădulescu, and Titu Andreescu. "Basic Elements of Set Theory." In Problems in Real Analysis, 417–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77379-7_11.
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Meschke, Christian. "Robust Elements in Rough Set Abstractions." In Formal Concept Analysis, 114–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01815-2_10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Set of elements of an offense"
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Kaldate, Amit, Deborah Thurston, Hamidreza Emamipour, and Mark Rood. "Decision Matrix Reduction in Preliminary Design." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dtm-48665.
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Matrix methods such as the house of quality (HOQ) are useful as a first step in organizing the information relating product attributes to engineering design parameters. However, they frequently result in a large number of elements, making it very difficult to focus attention on elements that bring maximum benefits. This paper presents a method for reducing a large set of engineering parameters to a more efficient subset. This subset offers the greatest potential for cost control, and is where product development, experimental, and optimization efforts should be focused. An example of a new air pollution control system illustrates the method. The most efficient set of engineering parameters are identified, and are then defined as decision variables in a cost minimization model. The optimal design identified by the method significantly reduces cost.
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Cohen Zilka, Gila. "The Elements Way: Empowering Parents, Educators, and Mentors in the Age of New Media." In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3701.
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[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology] Aim/Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effectiveness of mentor’s work with immigrant children and adolescents at risk, using the Elements Way. Background: The New Media offers our “screen kids” a lot of information, many behavioral models, and a new type of social communication. The Elements Way is an educational method designed to enhance openness, development, breakthroughs, goal achievement, and transformation in the age of media and social networks. Methodology: The Elements Way was developed following research on communication in the diversified media, especially new media such as Facebook, WhatsApp, and television reality shows, and the study is an examination of the effectiveness of mentors’ work with immigrant children and adolescents at risk, using the Elements Way. All mentors had been trained in the Elements Way. The study population included 640 mentors working with immigrants’ children in Israel. The work was conducted in 2010-2013. The mixed-methods approach was selected to validate findings. Contribution: Empowering children and enhancing their ability to cope; Creating openness and sharing, making children more attentive to the significant adults in their lives; Supporting children who face the complex reality that characterizes our age. Findings: Significant differences were found in the mentors’ conduct with the children. Work programs were designed and implemented with care and consistency, and mentors succeeded in generating change within the children and achieving desired goals. Of the 640 participating mentors, 62 were not able to promote the child, and interviews with them revealed that their work with the children was not consistent with the Elements Way and began from a different vantage point. Recommendations for Practitioners: Success factors: Self-awareness and awareness of one’s surroundings. Empathy. Willingness to engage in significant interactions. Self-cleansing and self-reflection. Ability to engage in a personal and interpersonal dialogue. Ability to accept and contain the child. Cooperation with the child in creating a work program and assisting the child to achieve the goals that were set in the program. Recommendation for Researchers: Future studies should focus on analyzing the discussions of children and adolescents, to add depth to our insights regarding children and adolescents’ perception of the mentors’ work from their perspective. Impact on Society: Finding the “keys” to openness, development, goal achievement, and transformation in our work with “screen kids.” Future Research: Studies that are designed to examine the effectiveness of mentor’s work with immigrant children and adolescents at risk, using the Elements Way.
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Ryder, Kenneth. "Simulation of Housing Separation in a Rotatable Mechanical Prosthetic Heart Valve." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0223.
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Abstract Today the mechanical heart valve prosthesis offers a number of advanced features which enhance the performance relative to the early valve designs. Most notable is the ability to rotate the valve housing in situ, that is after the valve is sewn in place [1]. In some cases, anatomical obstructions may exist which would preclude optimum valve function without proper valve orientation. Additionally, the position of the pivot mechanism relative to the coronary ostia is a placement constraint for some surgeons. Rotatability in situ offers the surgeon the ability to make decisions about final valve placement after the valve is in the anatomy as opposed to outside the chest during the suturing process. However, this advantage does not come without additional reliability requirements. The rotation feature requires the housing have mechanical clearance from the sewing cuff. Some designs feature sewing cuffs with stiffening elements and others do not. The structural reliability must be proven against a new set of potential failure modes.
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Biswas, Partha, Vinay Choudhary, Kubilay Atasu, Laura Pozzi, Paolo Ienne, and Nikil Dutt. "Introduction of local memory elements in instruction set extensions." In the 41st annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/996566.996765.
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Orlov, Sergey Mikhailovich, and Nikita Vital'evich Strelkovskii. "Control set smoothing method for program package elements calculation." In International Conference "Optimal Control and Differential Games" dedicated to the 110th anniversary of L. S. Pontryagin. Moscow: Steklov Mathematical Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4213/proc23021.
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Stasiewicz, Karol, and Leszek R. Jaroszewicz. "Automatic set-up for advanced optical fiber elements manufacturing." In Congress on Optics and Optoelectronics, edited by Leszek R. Jaroszewicz, Brian Culshaw, and Anna G. Mignani. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.620617.
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Ghosh, Dipanjan D., and Andrew Olewnik. "Computationally Efficient Imprecise Uncertainty Propagation in Engineering Design and Decision Making." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70419.
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Modeling uncertainty through probabilistic representation in engineering design is common and important to decision making that considers risk. However, representations of uncertainty often ignore elements of “imprecision” that may limit the robustness of decisions. Further, current approaches that incorporate imprecision suffer from computational expense and relatively high solution error. This work presents the Computationally Efficient Imprecise Uncertainty Propagation (CEIUP) method which draws on existing approaches for propagation of imprecision and integrates sparse grid numerical integration to provide computational efficiency and low solution error for uncertainty propagation. The first part of the paper details the methodology and demonstrates improvements in both computational efficiency and solution accuracy as compared to the Optimized Parameter Sampling (OPS) approach for a set of numerical case studies. The second half of the paper is focused on estimation of non-dominated design parameter spaces using decision policies of Interval Dominance and Maximality Criterion in the context of set-based sequential design-decision making. A gear box design problem is presented and compared with OPS, demonstrating that CEIUP provides improved estimates of the non-dominated parameter range for satisfactory performance with faster solution times. Parameter estimates obtained for different risk attitudes are presented and analyzed from the perspective of Choice Theory leading to questions for future research. The paper concludes with an overview of design problem scenarios in which CEIUP is the preferred method and offers opportunities for extending the method.
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YEREMIN, A. V., A. V. BELOZEROV, M. L. CHELNOKOV, V. I. CHEPIGIN, V. A. GORSHKOV, A. P. KABACHENKO, O. N. MALYSHEV, et al. "GAMMA SPECTROSCOPY OF TRANSFERMIUM ELEMENTS AT THE VASSILISSA SET UP." In Proceedings of the International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701749_0030.
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Yan, Jun-Feng, Ying-Ying Peng, and Wen-Feng Zhu. "Experimental Study of Syndrome Elements Based on the Rough Set Theory." In 2009 Second International Conference on Information and Computing Science. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icic.2009.17.
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Yassin Abdelkarim, Ahmed Abdelkarim, Mahmoud Esawi Babikir Osman, and Sharief F. Babiker. "Satellite Orbit Determination and Tracking Model Using Two-Line Elements Set." In 2018 International Conference on Computer, Control, Electrical, and Electronics Engineering (ICCCEEE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccceee.2018.8515784.
Full textReports on the topic "Set of elements of an offense"
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Dobrev, V. A., F. C. Grogan, T. V. Kolev, R. Rieben, and V. Z. Tomov. Level set methods for detonation shock dynamics using high-order finite elements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1361591.
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Decolvenaere, Elizabeth, and Ann Elisabet Wills. DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY APPLIED TO TRANSITION METAL ELEMENTS AND BINARIES: DEVELOPMENT APPLICATION AND RESULTS OF THE V-DM/16 TEST SET. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1562832.
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Nechypurenko, Pavlo P., Viktoriia G. Stoliarenko, Tetiana V. Starova, Tetiana V. Selivanova, Oksana M. Markova, Yevhenii O. Modlo, and Ekaterina O. Shmeltser. Development and implementation of educational resources in chemistry with elements of augmented reality. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3751.
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The purpose of this article is an analysis of opportunities and description of the experience of developing and implementing augmented reality technologies to support the teaching of chemistry in higher education institutions of Ukraine. The article is aimed at solving problems: generalization and analysis of the results of scientific research concerning the advantages of using the augmented reality in the teaching of chemistry, the characteristics of modern means of creating objects of augmented reality; discussion of practical achievements in the development and implementation of teaching materials on chemistry using the technologies of the augmented reality in the educational process. The object of research is augmented reality, and the subject - the use of augmented reality in the teaching of chemistry. As a result of the study, it was found that technologies of augmented reality have enormous potential for increasing the efficiency of independent work of students in the study of chemistry, providing distance and continuous education. Often, the technologies of the augmented reality in chemistry teaching are used for 3D visualization of the structure of atoms, molecules, crystalline lattices, etc., but this range can be expanded considerably when creating its own educational products with the use of AR-technologies. The study provides an opportunity to draw conclusions about the presence of technologies in the added reality of a significant number of benefits, in particular, accessibility through mobile devices; availability of free, accessible and easy-to-use software for creating augmented-reality objects and high efficiency in using them as a means of visibility. The development and implementation of teaching materials with the use of AR-technologies in chemistry teaching at the Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University has been started in the following areas: creation of a database of chemical dishes, creation of a virtual chemical laboratory for qualitative chemical analysis, creation of a set of methodical materials for the course “Physical and colloidal chemistry”.
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Lewis, Dustin, and Naz Modirzadeh. Taking into Account the Potential Effects of Counterterrorism Measures on Humanitarian and Medical Activities: Elements of an Analytical Framework for States Grounded in Respect for International Law. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/qbot8406.
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For at least a decade, States, humanitarian bodies, and civil-society actors have raised concerns about how certain counterterrorism measures can prevent or impede humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In 2019, the issue drew the attention of the world’s preeminent body charged with maintaining or restoring international peace and security: the United Nations Security Council. In two resolutions — Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) — adopted that year, the Security Council urged States to take into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities, including medical activities, that are carried out by impartial humanitarian actors in a manner consistent with international humanitarian law (IHL). By implicitly recognizing that measures adopted to achieve one policy objective (countering terrorism) can impair or prevent another policy objective (safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities), the Security Council elevated taking into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities to an issue implicating international peace and security. In this legal briefing, we aim to support the development of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to devise and administer a system to take into account the potential effects of counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. Our primary intended audience includes the people involved in creating or administering a “take into account” system and in developing relevant laws and policies. Our analysis zooms in on Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) and focuses on grounding the framework in respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL. In section 1, we introduce the impetus, objectives, and structure of the briefing. In our view, a thorough legal analysis of the relevant resolutions in their wider context is a crucial element to laying the conditions conducive to the development and administration of an effective “take into account” system. Further, the stakes and timeliness of the issue, the Security Council’s implicit recognition of a potential tension between measures adopted to achieve different policy objectives, and the relatively scant salient direct practice and scholarship on elements pertinent to “take into account” systems also compelled us to engage in original legal analysis, with a focus on public international law and IHL. In section 2, as a primer for readers unfamiliar with the core issues, we briefly outline humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. Then we highlight a range of possible effects of the latter on the former. Concerning armed conflict, humanitarian activities aim primarily to provide relief to and protection for people affected by the conflict whose needs are unmet, whereas medical activities aim primarily to provide care for wounded and sick persons, including the enemy. Meanwhile, for at least several decades, States have sought to prevent and suppress acts of terrorism and punish those who commit, attempt to commit, or otherwise support acts of terrorism. Under the rubric of countering terrorism, States have taken an increasingly broad and diverse array of actions at the global, regional, and national levels. A growing body of qualitative and quantitative evidence documents how certain measures designed and applied to counter terrorism can impede or prevent humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In a nutshell, counterterrorism measures may lead to diminished or complete lack of access by humanitarian and medical actors to the persons affected by an armed conflict that is also characterized as a counterterrorism context, or those measures may adversely affect the scope, amount, or quality of humanitarian and medical services provided to such persons. The diverse array of detrimental effects of certain counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities may be grouped into several cross-cutting categories, including operational, financial, security, legal, and reputational effects. In section 3, we explain some of the key legal aspects of humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. States have developed IHL as the primary body of international law applicable to acts and omissions connected with an armed conflict. IHL lays down several rights and obligations relating to a broad spectrum of humanitarian and medical activities pertaining to armed conflicts. A violation of an applicable IHL provision related to humanitarian or medical activities may engage the international legal responsibility of a State or an individual. Meanwhile, at the international level, there is no single, comprehensive body of counterterrorism laws. However, States have developed a collection of treaties to pursue specific anti-terrorism objectives. Further, for its part, the Security Council has assumed an increasingly prominent role in countering terrorism, including by adopting decisions that U.N. Member States must accept and carry out under the U.N. Charter. Some counterterrorism measures are designed and applied in a manner that implicitly or expressly “carves out” particular safeguards — typically in the form of limited exceptions or exemptions — for certain humanitarian or medical activities or actors. Yet most counterterrorism measures do not include such safeguards. In section 4, which constitutes the bulk of our original legal analysis, we closely evaluate the two resolutions in which the Security Council urged States to take into account the effects of (certain) counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. We set the stage by summarizing some aspects of the legal relations between Security Council acts and IHL provisions pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. We then analyze the status, consequences, and content of several substantive elements of the resolutions and what they may entail for States seeking to counter terrorism and safeguard humanitarian and medical activities. Among the elements that we evaluate are: the Security Council’s new notion of a prohibited financial “benefit” for terrorists as it may relate to humanitarian and medical activities; the Council’s demand that States comply with IHL obligations while countering terrorism; and the constituent parts of the Council’s notion of a “take into account” system. In section 5, we set out some potential elements of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to develop and administer its “take into account” system in line with Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019). In terms of its object and purpose, a “take into account” system may aim to secure respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. In addition, the system may seek to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts that also qualify as counterterrorism contexts. We also identify two sets of preconditions arguably necessary for a State to anticipate and address relevant potential effects through the development and execution of its “take into account” system. Finally, we suggest three sets of attributes that a “take into account” system may need to embody to achieve its aims: utilizing a State-wide approach, focusing on potential effects, and including default principles and rules to help guide implementation. In section 6, we briefly conclude. In our view, jointly pursuing the policy objectives of countering terrorism and safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities presents several opportunities, challenges, and complexities. International law does not necessarily provide ready-made answers to all of the difficult questions in this area. Yet devising and executing a “take into account” system provides a State significant opportunities to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities and counter terrorism while securing greater respect for international law.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Scotland: The Roman Presence. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.104.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Scotland in the Roman world: Research into Roman Scotland requires an appreciation of the wider frontier and Empire-wide perspectives, and Scottish projects must be integrated into these wider, international debates. The rich data set and chronological control that Scotland has to offer can be used to inform broader understandings of the impact of Rome. Changing worlds: Roman Scotland’s rich data set should be employed to contribute to wider theoretical perspectives on topics such as identity and ethnicity, and how these changed over time. What was the experience of daily life for the various peoples in Roman Scotland and how did interactions between incomers and local communities develop and change over the period in question, and, indeed, at and after its end? Frontier Life: Questions still remain regarding the disposition and chronology of forts and forces, as well as the logistics of sustaining and supplying an army of conquest and occupation. Sites must be viewed as part of a wider, interlocking set of landscapes, and the study of movement over land and by sea incorporated within this. The Antonine Wall provides a continuing focus of research which would benefit from more comparison with frontier structures and regimes in other areas. Multiple landscapes: Roman sites need to be seen in a broader landscape context, ‘looking beyond the fort’ and explored as nested and interlocking landscapes. This will allow exploration of frontier life and the changing worlds of the Roman period. To do justice to this resource requires two elements: o Development-control archaeology should look as standard at the hinterland of forts (up to c.1 km from the ‘core’), as sensitive areas and worthy of evaluation; examples such as Inveresk show the density of activity around such nodes. The interiors of camps should be extensively excavated as standard. o Integrated approaches to military landscapes are required, bringing in where appropriate topographical and aerial survey, LIDAR, geophysics, the use of stray and metal-detected finds, as well as fieldwalking and ultimately, excavation. The Legacy of Rome: How did the longer term influence of the Romans, and their legacy, influence the formation, nature and organisation of the Pictish and other emergent kingdoms?
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Johnson, Vicky, Tessa Lewin, and Mariah Cannon. Learning from a Living Archive: Rejuvenating Child and Youth Rights and Participation. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/rejuvenate.2020.001.
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This paper reflects the findings of the first phase of the REJUVENATE project, which set out to understand and map approaches to integrating children, youth, and community participation in child rights initiatives. We did this through a scoping of existing practitioner and academic literature (developing a project-based literature review matrix), a mapping of key actors, and the development of a typology of existing approaches. All three of these elements were brought together into a ‘living archive’, which is an evolving database that currently comprises 100 matrices, and a ‘collection’ of key field practitioners (many of whom we have interviewed for this project). In this paper we: (1) present a user-friendly summary of the existing tradition of substantive children’s participation in social change work; (2) share case studies across various sectors and regions of the world; (3) highlight ongoing challenges and evidence gaps; and (4) showcase expert opinions on the inclusion of child rights and, in particular, child/youth-led approaches in project-based work.
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Stanley, Rachel H. R., Thomas Thomas, Yuan Gao, Cassandra Gaston, David Ho, David Kieber, Kate Mackey, et al. US SOLAS Science Report. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27821.
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The Surface Ocean – Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) (http://www.solas-int.org/) is an international research initiative focused on understanding the key biogeochemical-physical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere that are critical elements of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Following the release of the SOLAS Decadal Science Plan (2015-2025) (Brévière et al., 2016), the Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction Committee (OAIC) was formed as a subcommittee of the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) Scientific Steering Committee to coordinate US SOLAS efforts and activities, facilitate interactions among atmospheric and ocean scientists, and strengthen US contributions to international SOLAS. In October 2019, with support from OCB, the OAIC convened an open community workshop, Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions: Scoping directions for new research with the goal of fostering new collaborations and identifying knowledge gaps and high-priority science questions to formulate a US SOLAS Science Plan. Based on presentations and discussions at the workshop, the OAIC and workshop participants have developed this US SOLAS Science Plan. The first part of the workshop and this Science Plan were purposefully designed around the five themes of the SOLAS Decadal Science Plan (2015-2025) (Brévière et al., 2016) to provide a common set of research priorities and ensure a more cohesive US contribution to international SOLAS.
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Neroda, Tetyana V., Lidia V. Slipchyshyn, and Ivan O. Muzyka. Adaptive toolkit of branch-oriented workshop environment for enlargement the cloud-based e-learning media platform. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4449.
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The ways of providing comprehensive efficiency increase in communication facilities of the academic space are given with regard to stipulated methods of managing distributed network resources. Selected the user interfaces types are distinguished according to user actions in the studied subject area, which made it possible to justify and hierarchically organize the categories of adaptive toolkit of the branch- oriented workshop environment by the classes of components declared in the project, which are closely related to the scheme of learning experiment and are basic means for simulating transients. The analytical models of classes of components of the virtual laboratory stand are compiled, the elements of which represent the properties and methods for visualization and further processing of interacting instances of the basic locations of the subject area, while ensuring system stability and controllability by clear distribution of functionality. Finally, the unification of component set template properties of the subject area is implemented, which greatly extending the targeted destination of virtual platform and increasing number of educational disciplines of academic course covered by the designed media resource. The results of the pedagogical verification showed an increase in the students’ performance in mastering the subject area by means of presented branch-oriented workshop environment.
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Bain, Luchuo Engelbert, and Darja Dobermann. Malaria, HIV and TB in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Epidemiology, Disease Control Challenges and Interventions. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.034.
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Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) are leading causes of death and public health threat to millions in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The DRC is the second most malaria affected sub-Saharan African country after Nigeria, with malaria being the leading cause of death in children under 5 years (Lechthaler et al., 2019). The HIV prevalence in the country in the adult population stands at 1%, with extensive variations by region (UNAIDS, 2021c). The DRC is considered a high burden country for TB and HIV infection (Linguissi et al., 2017). This rapid review emphasizes significant elements of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV, and TB in DRC, as well as limitations in prevention, detection, and treatment, and examines a few interventions that aim to address these limitations. Evidence utilised is a mixture of the most recent grey literature NGO (programme reports and related documents) literature supplemented by peer reviewed academic literature from the past five years and national survey data when available. Although the clinical disease aspects of malaria, HIV and TB are well-researched there is less research available on socio-demographic variation, disease control challenges and interventions targeting these in the DRC. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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Máñez Costa, Maria, Amy M. P. Oen, Tina-Simone Schmid Neset, Loius Celliers, Mirko Suhari, Jo-Ting Huang-Lachmann, Rafael Pimentel, et al. Co-production of Climate Services : A diversity of approaches and good practice from the ERA4CS projects (2017–2021). Linköping Univeristy Electronic Press, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789179291990.
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This guide presents a joint effort of projects funded under the European Research Area for Climate Services (ERA4CS) (http://www.jpi-climate.eu/ERA4CS), a co- funded action initiated by JPI Climate with co-funding by the European Union (Grant 690462), 15 national public Research Funding Organisations (RFOs), and 30 Research Performing Organisations (RPOs) from 18 European countries. This guide sets out to increase the understanding of different pathways, methods, and approaches to improve knowledge co-production of climate services with users as a value-added activity of the ERA4CS Programme. Reflecting on the experiences of 16 of the 26 projects funded under ERA4CS, this guide aims to define and recommend good practices for transdisciplinary knowledge co-production of climate services to researchers, users, funding agencies, and private sector service providers. Drawing on responses from ERA4CS project teams to a questionnaire and interviews, this guide maps the diversity of methods for stakeholder identification, involvement, and engagement. It also conducts an analysis of methods, tools, and mechanisms for engagement as well as evaluation of co-production processes. This guide presents and discusses good practice examples based on the review of the ERA4CS projects, identifying enablers and barriers for key elements in climate service co-production processes. These were: namely (i) Forms of Engagement; (ii) Entry Points for Engagement; and, (iii) Intensity of Involvement. It further outlines key ingredients to enhance the quality of co-producing climate services with users and stakeholders. Based on the analysis of the lessons learned from ERA4CS projects, as well as a review of key concepts in the recent literature on climate service co-production, we provide a set of recommendations for researchers, users, funders and private sector providers of climate services.