Academic literature on the topic 'Set-up Time Reduction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Set-up Time Reduction"
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Wang, Tai-Yue, and Long-Hui Chen. "Investment in set-up time reduction with time-varying demand." Production Planning & Control 12, no. 8 (January 2001): 745–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537280010024892.
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Wu, Shan-Yau. "Optimal policy for set-up time reduction in a multistage production inventory system." International Journal of Systems Science 33, no. 7 (January 2002): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207720210123724.
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Patel, S., B. G. Dale, and P. Shaw. "Set‐up time reduction and mistake proofing methods: an examination in precision component manufacturing." TQM Magazine 13, no. 3 (June 2001): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09544780110385528.
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Kreng, Bor-Wen, and Shan-Yau Wu. "Implementing an optimal policy for set-up time reduction in an economic production quantity model." International Journal of Systems Science 31, no. 5 (January 2000): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002077200290911.
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Pyke, D. F., and M. A. Cohen. "Effects of flexibility through set-up time reduction and expediting on integrated production-distribution systems." IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation 6, no. 6 (1990): 609–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/70.63258.
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Patel, S., P. Shaw, and B. G. Dale. "Set‐up time reduction and mistake proofing methods – A study of application in a small company." Business Process Management Journal 7, no. 1 (March 2001): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637150110383953.
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Roels, Sarah, Jan Verstraete, and Karin Haustermans. "Set-up verification on a belly-board device using electronic portal imaging." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 6, no. 2 (June 2007): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396907005092.
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AbstractPurpose: Quantification of set-up errors is necessary to assess the accuracy of patient positioning and define set-up margins. In this article, we describe the analysis of two different set-up verification and correction procedures in pelvic irradiation for rectal cancer patients treated on a belly-board device.Methods: First, we conducted a retrospective study in ten patients. Skin marks were used for set-up and the position was verified and corrected at the start of treatment by portal imaging. Second, we analysed the implementation of a more rigorous verification and correction procedure in ten patients. The same set-up procedure was used, but verification was performed during the first three sessions and on a weekly basis thereafter. In both studies, systematic and random errors were linked with possible patient-related, treatment-unit-related and time-related factors.Results: The pooled data showed a significant reduction in systematic and random error in favour of the second verification procedure (p < 0.05). This resulted in a reduction in the size of the safety margin of more than 3 mm in all directions. Time trends were significant in four patients in the first analysis and in three patients in the second analysis. In six patients in the first and seven patients in the second study, a significant correlation was found between the vertical couch movement and the antero-posterior set-up error. Analysis of patient-related factors demonstrated a relationship between the abdominal contour and rotational errors in both studies.Conclusion: The results of these set-up analyses show that patient positioning on a belly-board device by laser alignment to skin marks is accurate and reproducible. However, in some patients we recommend the implementation of a fixed vertical couch position. The systematic error should be identified and corrected during the first fractions of treatment. Thereafter, verification should be performed at regular intervals to correct for possible time trends. Positioning of obese patients was found to be more prone to set-up errors and requires online position verification.
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Ibrir, Salim. "Iterative-learning procedures for nonlinear-model-order reduction in discrete time." IMA Journal of Mathematical Control and Information 37, no. 3 (December 11, 2019): 953–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imamci/dnz028.
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Abstract Efficient numerical procedures are developed for model-order reduction of a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems. Based on the solution of a set of linear-matrix inequalities, the Petrov–Galerkin projection concept is utilized to set up the structure of the reduced-order nonlinear model that preserves the input-to-state stability while ensuring an acceptable approximation error. The first numerical algorithm is based on the construction of a constant optimal projection matrix and a constant Lyapunov matrix to form the reduced-order dynamics. The second proposed algorithm aims to incorporate the output of the original system to correct the instantaneous value of the truncation matrix and maintain an acceptable approximation error even with low-order systems. An extension to uncertain systems is provided. The usefulness and the efficacy of the developed procedures are approved by the consideration of two numerical examples treating a nonlinear low-order system and a high-dimensional system, issued from the discretization of the damped heat-transfer partial-differential equation.
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Chen, Xin Ying, and Guan Yu Li. "A Quick Reduction Algorithm Based on Important Index." Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (December 2014): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.13.
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This paper tries to find a more feasible method to achieve core and reduction. Against concepts "distinguishable relation of attribute set" and "distinguishable unit set of attribute set", it defines a concept "important index", and proposes an effective and quick approach for important index. After drawn out the involved theory and equivalent proposition, also presents algorithms for core and reduction upon the important index. The heuristic reduction algorithm adopts the bottom-up design, and gets reduction based on the heuristic information "important index of attribute set". The complexity of the algorithm in space is O(m), and the complexity in time is O(mn2). The theoretical analysis and results show that the ways proposed here simplify the relevant operations and are suitable to deal with the huge volume of data.
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Cakmakci, Mehmet, and Mahmut Kemal Karasu. "Set-up time reduction process and integrated predetermined time system MTM-UAS: A study of application in a large size company of automobile industry." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 33, no. 3-4 (March 31, 2006): 334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-006-0466-x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Set-up Time Reduction"
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Gest, G. B. "The modelling of changeovers and the classification of changeover time reduction techniques." Thesis, University of Bath, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362259.
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Kucuk, Enis. "Lean Manufacturing: Setup Time Reduction in Secondary Wood Manufacturing Facilities in North America." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81304.
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Since the emergence and the subsequent evolution of lean manufacturing concepts, numerous enterprises of different scale and specialties have adopted lean tools and techniques in their facilities with varying success. In general, lean manufacturing related studies have been conducted on large manufacturing firms, such as the automotive industry. Yet, lean manufacturing tools and techniques are also suited for small enterprises. Thus, the main concern of this study is to investigate the success of set-up time reduction efforts (one of the steps needed to achieve 'one-piece flow') in secondary wood products manufacturing facilities on four woodworking machines (moulder, shaper, table saw, and band saw) based on firm size.
The first objective of this research is to explore the results of the implementation of set-up time reduction efforts on selected woodworking machines in enterprises of varying size. It is assumed that company size is a major factor influencing the rate of set-up time improvements. To that end, the first hypothesis, which states that 'Small firms are less successful in reducing set-up time through set-up time reduction efforts than are large firms,' has been developed and supportive questions have been corresponding created. While statistical testing of the hypotheses created for this is not possible due to the limited number of participants, speculations about the possible outcome can be made. Thus, for hypothesis one, the data obtained does not show any sign of a relationship between a firm size and the success rate of set-up time reduction efforts.
The second objective of this study is to investigate how a firm's productivity is affected by set-up time reduction efforts as related to firm size. With regards to some of the weaknesses of typical small manufacturing firms (e.g. having limited budget and resources, intuitive management strategies including lack of strategic planning), large firms, by and large, are expected to be more successful in increasing productivity through set-up time reduction. To that end, the goal is to investigate results of the set-up time reduction efforts in terms of productivity improvement in manufacturing facilities. With this in mind, the second hypothesis was proposed, which reads 'Small firms achieve lower productivity gains through set-up time reduction than do large firms.' For the second hypothesis, while no conclusive proof can be offered, no sign of a relationship between firm size and productivity gain through set-up time reduction could be found.
Another objective of this study is to explore the success rate of set-up time activities on the four types of woodworking machines in industry facilities considering the training activities provided by manufacturers. The aim is to compare set-up time improvement performance of manufacturers between enterprises which trained their workers/operators and enterprises which did not train their employees. To understand the relationship between the scale of firms (and/or facilities) and training activities to improve set-ups, the third hypothesis, which reads 'Small firms are less concerned with set-up time reduction through training than are large firms,' has been developed. For the third hypothesis, while testing is not possible, it appears that there is no relationship between firm size and the level of concern for set-up time reduction through training activities.
The final objective of this research is to investigate whether the secondary wood manufacturing firms studied experienced a bottleneck in their production due to the long set-up actions of machines. In order to accomplish this objective, the final hypothesis, 'In both, large and small firms, bottlenecks occur at machines with high set-up times,' has been developed. The final hypothesis cannot be accepted or rejected due to the limited number of responses obtained, set-up time was a frequently indicated explanation for the occurrence of production bottlenecks in secondary wood products manufacturing firms.Master of Science
Book chapters on the topic "Set-up Time Reduction"
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Dajuma, Alima, Siélé Silué, Kehinde O. Ogunjobi, Heike Vogel, Evelyne Touré N’Datchoh, Véronique Yoboué, Arona Diedhiou, and Bernhard Vogel. "Biomass Burning Effects on the Climate over Southern West Africa During the Summer Monsoon." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1515–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_86.
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AbstractBiomass Burning (BB) aerosol has attracted considerable attention due to its detrimental effects on climate through its radiative properties. In Africa, fire patterns are anticorrelated with the southward-northward movement of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Each year between June and September, BB occurs in the southern hemisphere of Africa, and aerosols are carried westward by the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and advected at an altitude of between 2 and 4 km. Observations made during a field campaign of Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) (Knippertz et al., Bull Am Meteorol Soc 96:1451–1460, 2015) during the West African Monsoon (WAM) of June–July 2016 have revealed large quantities of BB aerosols in the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) over southern West Africa (SWA).This chapter examines the effects of the long-range transport of BB aerosols on the climate over SWA by means of a modeling study, and proposes several adaptation and mitigation strategies for policy makers regarding this phenomenon. A high-resolution regional climate model, known as the Consortium for Small-scale Modelling – Aerosols and Reactive Traces (COSMO-ART) gases, was used to conduct two set of experiments, with and without BB emissions, to quantify their impacts on the SWA atmosphere. Results revealed a reduction in surface shortwave (SW) radiation of up to about 6.5 W m−2 and an 11% increase of Cloud Droplets Number Concentration (CDNC) over the SWA domain. Also, an increase of 12.45% in Particulate Matter (PM25) surface concentration was observed in Abidjan (9.75 μg m−3), Accra (10.7 μg m−3), Cotonou (10.7 μg m−3), and Lagos (8 μg m−3), while the carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratio increased by 90 ppb in Abidjan and Accra due to BB. Moreover, BB aerosols were found to contribute to a 70% increase of organic carbon (OC) below 1 km in the PBL, followed by black carbon (BC) with 24.5%. This work highlights the contribution of the long-range transport of BB pollutants to pollution levels in SWA and their effects on the climate. It focuses on a case study of 3 days (5–7 July 2016). However, more research on a longer time period is necessary to inform decision making properly.This study emphasizes the need to implement a long-term air quality monitoring system in SWA as a method of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
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Black, Stewart C., Vic Chiles, A. J. Lissaman, and S. J. Martin. "Set-up Time Reduction." In Principles of Engineering Manufacture, 598–616. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-034063195-9/50051-1.
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Hacini, Salima, Zahia Guessoum, and Mohamed Cheikh. "False Alarm Reduction." In Security and Privacy Management, Techniques, and Protocols, 291–320. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5583-4.ch012.
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Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are commonly used to detect attacks on computer networks. These tools analyze incoming and outgoing traffic for suspicious anomalies or activities. Unfortunately, these generate a significant amount of noise complexifying greatly the analysis of the data. This chapter addresses the problem of false alarms in IDSs. Its first purpose is to improve their accuracy by detecting real attacks and by reducing the number of unnecessary alerts. To do so, this intrusion detection mechanism enhances the accuracy of anomaly intrusion detection systems using a set of agents to ensure the detection and the adaptation of normal profile to support the legitimate changes that occur over time and are the cause of many false alarms. Besides this, as a perspective of this work, this chapter opens up new research directions by listing the different requirements of an IDS and proposing solutions to achieve them.
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McLafferty, Joanna, and Edward Denbee. "Liquidity Saving in CHAPS." In Simulation in Computational Finance and Economics, 120–42. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2011-7.ch007.
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This study uses a simulation methodology and real payment data to quantify the liquidity efficiency that could be obtained in CHAPS, the UK’s large-value payment system, by the implementation of a Liquidity Saving Mechanism (LSM). The payment data comes from payments submitted to CHAPS and, as such, reflects bank behaviour in a system without an LSM. The authors use survey data about urgent payments and bilateral limits to calibrate the simulations and make reasonable assumptions about how banks might behave in a system with an LSM. The simulations show that introducing an offsetting algorithm into the existing Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) set-up could result in significant liquidity savings. The authors find that liquidity savings could be of the order of 30% compared to a simple RTGS. The results suggest that the benefits, however, are unevenly distributed amongst the members: some benefit more than others. In line with other studies, there is a trade-off between liquidity savings and payment delay. Delays range from a couple of minutes to over two hours, depending upon the delay measure and the LSM set-up. Each bank will have to choose its optimal position on the savings-delay curve, depending upon the relative weight it gives to liquidity usage and payment timing. Furthermore, the authors simulate a range of different algorithms and find that liquidity savings are almost invariant across algorithms. This suggests that liquidity saving is driven by the structural imposition of two payment streams and the restriction of liquidity to non-urgent payments as opposed to the sophistication of an offsetting algorithm. The choice of algorithm does, however, have a major impact upon the size of delay that is introduced for a given liquidity saving. In practice, banks may choose to translate some of this reduction in delay into an increase in liquidity saving.
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Esther Babalola, Toju, Philip Gbenro Oguntunde, Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi, and Francis Omowonuola Akinluyi. "Future Climate Change Impacts on River Discharge Seasonality for Selected West African River Basins." In Weather Forecasting [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99426.
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The changing climate is a concern to sustainable water resources. This study examined climate change impacts on river discharge seasonality in two West African river basins; the Niger river basin and the Hadejia-Jama’are Komadugu-Yobe Basin (HJKYB). The basins have their gauges located within Nigeria and cover the major climatic settings. Here, we set up and validated the hyper resolution global hydrological model PCR-GLOBWB for these rivers. Time series plots as well five performance evaluation metrics such as Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE),); the ratio of RMSE-observations standard deviation (RSR); per cent bias (PBIAS); the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency criteria (NSE); and, the coefficient of determination (r2), were employed to verify the PCR-GLOBWB simulation capability. The validation results showed from satisfactory to very good on individual rivers as specified by PBIAS (−25 to 0.8), NSE (from 0.6 to 0.8), RSR (from 0.62 to 0.4), r2 (from 0.62 to 0.88), and KGE (from 0.69 to 0.88) respectively. The impact assessment was performed by driving the model with climate projections from five global climate models for the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. We examined the median and range of expected changes in seasonal discharge in the far future (2070–2099). Our results show that the impacts of climate change cause a reduction in discharge volume at the beginning of the high flow period and an increase in discharge towards the ending of the high flow period relative to the historical period across the selected rivers. In the Niger river basin, at the Lokoja gauge, projected decreases added up to 512 m3/s under RCP 4.5 (June to July) and 3652 m3/s under RCP 8.5 (June to August). The three chosen gauges at the HJKYB also showed similar impacts. At the Gashua gauge, discharge volume increased by 371 m3/s (RCP8.5) and 191 m3/s (RCP4.5) from August to November. At the Bunga gauge, a reduction/increase of -91 m3/s/+84 m3/s (RCP 8.5) and -40 m3/s/+31 m3/s/(RCP 4.5) from June to July/August to October was simulated. While at the Wudil gauge, a reduction/increase in discharge volumes of −39/+133 m3/s (RCP8.5) and −40/133 m3/s (RCP 4.5) from June to August/September to December is projected. This decrease is explained by a delayed start of the rainy season. In all four rivers, projected river discharge seasonality is amplified under the high-end emission scenario (RCP8.5). This finding supports the potential advantages of reduced greenhouse gas emissions for the seasonal river discharge regime. Our study is anticipated to provide useful information to policymakers and river basin development authorities, leading to improved water management schemes within the context of changing climate and increasing need for agricultural expansion.
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Vincent, David. "Arresting carbon dioxide emissions: why and how?" In Energy... beyond oil. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199209965.003.0004.
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This chapter sets the scene for future chapters covering a range of low carbon technologies from renewables through to nuclear. It reviews how the evidence base for climate change is building up, what the impacts of climate change might be, and how we are beginning to explore the policies and measures which will be needed to make the transition to a low carbon economy. The year 2005 will go down in history as the beginnings of a broad, politically backed consensus that man’s activity is influencing our climate. In February 2005, the Kyoto Protocol came into force—binding over 170 countries in action to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, accepted by most informed commentators to be the principal cause of anthropogenically forced climate change. In the same year, the G8 group of countries at Gleneagles, Scotland, considered climate change as a key agenda item. Significantly, it set up a forum for discussion with other countries and the emerging economies. The forum, known as the ‘Dialogue on Climate Change, Clean Energy and Sustainable Development’ met for the first time in November 2005. However, the value of the Kyoto protocol is not universally acknowledged. Some argue that although the science underpinning the existence of climate change and the link with carbon dioxide emissions has become unequivocal, the Kyoto protocol is not appropriate for them. A group of these countries, including the US, China, and India (huge emitters of carbon dioxide in their own right) has agreed the need to tackle climate change. Their approach is to promote clean technology development initiatives; though how exactly that partnership will evolve and deliver new low carbon technologies is not, at the time of writing, clear. Nevertheless, whether via the formalized Kyoto Protocol with carbon dioxide emission reduction targets or via other initiatives, a start has been made on the long, uncertain road to a low carbon world. Slowly, but surely, global action on climate change is gathering momentum. The term ‘greenhouse effect’ was first coined by the French mathematician Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier in 1827. It enables and sustains a broad balance between solar radiation received and Earth’ s radiation emitted or reflected.
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Michalopoulos, Constantine. "The Legacy in Troubled Times." In Ending Global Poverty, 191–224. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850175.003.0011.
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The deep crisis which afflicted the developed countries in 2008 ushered in a new era with complex impacts on development cooperation. In 2015 the UN was able to celebrate the achievement of substantial progress in meeting the MDGs and to set up a new set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), to be achieved by 2030. But the crisis resulted in tight budgets in several European countries and led to reductions in their aid flows as well as changing attitudes towards economic assistance. Developing country needs also changed with emerging powers needing less aid and fragile states receiving greater international attention. The combination led to a variety of new aid practices and forms of collaboration which affected aid effectiveness, some adversely. This chapter reviews international cooperation for development as well as the U4 aid programmes during the past decade in order to gauge the relevance of the U4 legacy to the continuing challenges of eradicating poverty and achieving sustainable development.
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Magee, Patrick, and Mark Tooley. "Medical Training using Simulators." In The Physics, Clinical Measurement and Equipment of Anaesthetic Practice for the FRCA. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595150.003.0035.
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Training and education using simulation has been used extensively in many high risk industries including aviation, nuclear power, military and rail. Repeated exposure to simulated crises and events has meant that, for example, airline crews are well prepared to face a rare disaster when it happens in real life. The use of simulation and simulators in medicine, to train and educate healthcare professionals has gained increasing attention in recent years and many simulation centres have now been set up in the UK. The Bristol Medical Simulation Centre, which opened in 1997, was the first training centre of its kind in the UK. There are now over 70 similar centres in the UK and many more with manikins in simpler settings, and hundreds of centres throughout the world [Department of Health 2010]. These offer a similar concept to that which the high risk industries use, where training for medical emergencies using sophisticated manikins are used in realistic medical settings, and task trainers are used to teach, for example, practical surgical skills. Many potential accidents in medicine are due to human error and communication problems [(Kohn et al. 1999, Department of Health 2009)]. Simulators can help train teams to function optimally using human factors style teaching. Simulation could also be a practical solution to several current educational issues. These include the challenges faced by educational institutions in securing clinical placements, the decrease in social acceptance of trainees learning on patients, the drive to maximise patient safety, and the dramatic decrease in training time being available to junior doctors due to the reduction in hours through the European Working Time Directive. The simulations centres consist of a number of different designated rooms. Simulated operations and team training can be carried out in the operating room. This room is made as close as possible to the modern operating room. It contains real equipment such as ventilators, defibrillators, patient monitors, trolleys and drip stands. A control room is next to the operating room, with a one way viewing window. This is where the manikin is controlled and where the simulation training is viewed and video recorded.
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Taber, Douglass. "The Burke Synthesis of ( + )-Didemniserinolipid B." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0088.
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The sulfate ( + )-didemniserinolipid B 3, isolated from the tunicate Didemnum sp, has an intriguing spiroether core. A key step in the synthesis of 3 reported (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 5357) by Steven D. Burke of the University of Wisconsin was the selective ring-closing metathesis of 1 to 2. The diol 6 that was used to prepare the ketal 1 was readily prepared from the inexpensive D-mannitol 4. Many other applications can be envisioned for the enantiomerically-pure diol 6 and for the monoacetate and bis acetate that are precursors to it. To set up the metathesis, the β, γ-unsaturated ketone 10 was needed. To this end, the keto phosphonate derived from the addition of the phosphonate anion 8 to the lactone 7 was condensed with phenyl acetaldehyde 9. The derived enone 10 was a 5:1 mixture of β, γ- and α, β-regioisomers. The diol 6 is C2 -symmetrical, but formation of the ketal 1 dissolved the symmetry, with one terminal vinyl group directed toward the styrene double bond, and the other directed away from it. On exposure to the first generation Grubbs catalyst, ring formation proceeded efficiently, to give 2. Williamson coupling with the serine-derived alcohol 11 then gave 12. To establish the secondary alcohol of 13 and so of 3, the more electron rich alkene of 12 was selectively epoxidized, from the more open face. Diaxial opening with hydride then gave 13. With 13 in hand, another challenge of selectivity emerged. The plan had been to attach the ester-bearing sidechain to 13 using alkene metathesis, then hydrogenate. As the side-chain of 3 contained an additional alkene, this had to be present in masked form. To this end, the α-phenylselenyl ester 14 was prepared. Alkene metathesis with 13 proceeded smoothly, this time using the second generation Grubbs catalyst. The unwanted alkene was then removed by reduction with diimide, and the selenide was oxidized to deliver the α, β-unsaturated ester.
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Cyna, Allan M., and Marion I. Andrew. "Needle phobia." In Handbook of Communication in Anaesthesia & Critical Care. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199577286.003.0022.
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Needle phobia describes an anticipatory fear of needle insertion, and is a well-recognized clinical entity of particular relevance to the anaesthetist. It may affect up to 10 % of the general population, is more common in the young, and can prevent patients from seeking medical care by avoiding immunizations, necessary blood tests or hospital procedures. The development of trust, a perception of control and an understanding of the conscious–subconscious aspects of the problem can help patients. In addition, patience, time and recognized communication skills are frequently needed if this distressing problem is to be managed effectively . Needle phobia is usually a learned response. Trust, control and perceptions rather than the pain itself are the key issues in needle phobia. Nevertheless pain reduction strategies such as EMLA, ice , premedication such as dexometomidine, stress-reducing medical devices and hypnosis, may have a role in management. Anaesthetists have traditionally used reassurance, EMLA and avoidance of needle insertion in the awake patient by giving inhalational inductions. However, this approach tends to reinforce the avoidance behaviour of both anaesthetist and patient! In addition, it wastes a valuable opportunity to educate patients in ways that can provide them with the necessary skills to manage future blood tests, drips and the like more easily. In some cases avoiding IV access prior to inducing anaesthesia—for example, at a Caesarean section — can put patients at increased risk of complications. Patients with needle phobia are like all patients only more so! At one level they function consciously and logically and are amenable to reason. However, in the context of hospital procedures such as blood tests and IV cannulation, subconscious responses take over. These patients often recognize that their behaviour is silly or even stupid, but find that they just can’t help themselves. They may describe their predicament as being in ‘two minds about it’ or ‘beside themselves’. This mind set illustrates, probably more clearly than any other, the conscious–subconscious basis of the problem.
Conference papers on the topic "Set-up Time Reduction"
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Avecilla, Frenzel, Jannine Fameronag, Nida Polled, Alfred Gatdula, and Rachel Villanueva. "Set-up time reduction at Stamping Station 1 of Tri-R Allied Industries Incorporated." In 2015 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieom.2015.7093846.
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Mels, Arjan, and Frank Zachariasse. "Reduction of Acquisition Time for RIL, SDL, and LADA." In ISTFA 2007. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2007p0006.
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Abstract Although RIL, SDL and LADA are slightly different, the main operating principle is the same and the theory for defect localization presented in this paper is applicable to all three methods. Throughout this paper the authors refer to LADA, as all experimental results in this paper were obtained with a 1064nm laser on defect free circuits. This paper first defines mathematically what 'signal strength' actually means in LADA and then demonstrates a statistical model of the LADA situation that explains the optimal conditions for signal collection and the parameters involved. The model is tested against experimental data and is also used to optimise the acquisition time. Through this model, equations were derived for the acquisition time needed to discern a LADA response from the background noise. The model offers a quantitative tool to estimate the feasibility of a given LADA measurement and a guide to optimising the required experimental set-up.
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Pumhoessel, Thomas, Peter Hehenberger, and Klaus Zeman. "Model Reduction of a Parametrically Excited Drivetrain." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70812.
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The complexity of engineering systems is continuously increasing, resulting in mathematical models that become more and more computationally expensive. Furthermore, in model based design, for example, system parameters are subject of change, and therefore, the system equations have to be evaluated repeatedly. Hence, there is a need for providing reduced models which are as compact as possible, but still reflect the properties of the original model in a satisfactory manner. In this contribution, the reduction of differential equations with time-periodic coefficients, termed as parametrically excited systems, is investigated using the method of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). A reduced model is set up based on the solution of the original system for a certain parametric combination resonance of the difference type, resulting in an additional stability margin of the trivial solution. It is shown that the POD reduced model approximates the stability behavior of the original system much better than a modally reduced model even if system parameters are subject of change.
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Ponti, Fabrizio, Vittorio Ravaglioli, Davide Moro, and Matteo De Cesare. "Combustion Noise Real-Time Evaluation and Processing for Combustion Control." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81203.
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Newly developed Diesel engine control strategies are mainly aimed at pollutant emissions reduction, due to the increasing request for engine-out emissions and fuel consumption reduction. In order to reduce engine-out emissions, the development of closed-loop combustion control algorithms has become crucial. Modern closed-loop combustion control strategies are characterized by two main aspects: the use of high EGR rates (the goal being to obtain highly premixed combustions) and the control of the center of combustion. In order to achieve the target center of combustion, conventional combustion control algorithms correct the measured value by varying Main injection timing. It is possible to obtain a further reduction in pollutant emissions through a proper variation of the injection parameters. Modern Diesel engine injection systems allow designing injection patterns with many degrees of freedom, due to the large number of tuneable injection parameters (such as start and duration of each injection). Each injection parameter’s variation causes variations in the whole combustion process and, consequently, in pollutant emissions production. Injection parameters variations have a strong influence on other quantities that are related to combustion process effectiveness, such as noise radiated by the engine. This work presents a methodology that allows real-time evaluating combustion noise on-board a vehicle. The radiated noise can be evaluated through a proper in-cylinder pressure signal processing. Even though in-cylinder pressure sensor on-board installation is still uncommon, it is believed that in-cylinder pressure measurements will be regularly available on-board thanks to the newly developed piezo-resistive sensors. In order to set-up the methodology, several experimental tests have been performed on a 1.3 liter Diesel engine mounted in a test cell. The engine was run, in each operating condition, both activating and deactivating pre-injections, since pre-injections omission usually produces a decrease in pollutant emissions production (especially in particulate matter) and a simultaneous increase in engine noise. The investigation of the correlation between combustion process and engine noise can be used to set up a closed-loop algorithm for optimal combustion control based on engine noise prediction.
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Nguyen, Ngoc-Hien, Karen Willcox, and Boo Cheong Khoo. "Model Order Reduction for Stochastic Optimal Control." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82061.
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This work presents an approach to solve stochastic optimal control problems in the application of flow quality management in reservoir systems. These applications are challenging because they require real-time decision-making in the presence of uncertainties such as wind velocity. These uncertainties must be accounted for as stochastic variables in the mathematical model. In addition, computational costs and storage requirements increase rapidly due to the stochastic nature of the simulations and optimisation formulations. To overcome these challenges, an approach is developed that uses the combination of a reduced-order model and an adjoint-based method to compute the optimal solution rapidly. The system is modelled by a system of stochastic partial differential equations. The finite element method together with collocation in the stochastic space provide an approximate numerical solution—the “full model”, which cannot be solved in real-time. The proper orthogonal decomposition and Galerkin projection technique are applied to obtain a reduced-order model that approximates the full model. The conjugate-gradient method with Armijo line-search is then employed to find the solution of the optimal control problem under the uncertainty of input parameters. Numerical results show that the stochastic control yields solutions that are above the bound of the set solutions of the deterministic control. Applying the reduced model to the stochastic optimal control problem yields a speed-up in computational time by a factor of about 80 with acceptable accuracy in comparison with the full model. Application of the optimal control strategy shows the potential effectiveness of this computational modeling approach for managing flow quality.
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Vafaeesefat, Abbas, and Hoda A. ElMaraghy. "Data Reduction for Reverse Engineering of Free Form Surfaces." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/cie-9132.
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Abstract The large amount of irregular and unstructured data collected by the laser scanner, often refered to as “cloud data”, presents a serious challenge in reverse engineering applications. Data reduction is essential for simplifying the process of creating surface models in order to remove redundancy, save space, and speed up the display and recognition tasks. In this paper, an algorithm which effectively reduces the data collected by laser scanners is presented. Data points are first organized into a large regular grid of data points which is then interpolated using the linear polynominal dual Kriging technique to form the initial surface. Next, the algorithm generates a subset of this grid (within the specified deviation) by identifying the knots that play important role in the Kriging interpolation. Finally, additional reduction is done by merging the rectangles of the grid where the tangent variation between two rectangles is insignificant. Since the final surface is usually represented by a set of connected rectangles, the surface segmentation and fitting procedures can be accomplished in a short period of time. Examples are used to show the efficiency and validity of the proposed algorithms.
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Tahilramani, Dhaneesh R., and Juliet Hitchins. "Application of Model Reduction Techniques Within Cummins Inc." In ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5512.
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For the past decade Cummins Inc. have increased the use of standard Finite Element Analysis (FEA) techniques to drive the design of its products. However, as FEA models are not scalable to the limits of hardware, running traditional FEA, especially on large High Horse Power (HHP) engine structures’ assemblies, both reliably and within a reasonable time frame was found to be not possible. This led to carrying out numerous analyses with fewer parts and assumed boundary conditions. This strategy ignores effects due to system vibration of the assembly. To reduce the risk of failures on complex assemblies, high speed engines required a more accurate analytical prediction of modal stresses on a system level. To increase the capacity of running system level analyses, a structured approach was followed and the Model Reduction Techniques Functional Excellence mini team was set up to develop methods and train analysts. The team have been using Six Sigma tools [1] to carry out voice of the customer interviews in order to define the analytical requirements for running models for large complex structures (>20 million degree of freedom). This consists of brainstorming concepts to select solutions based on advanced analytical Substructuring techniques to best fit requirements. The benefits of the new process include a significant reduction in solve time, the ability to carry out system analysis, to follow an efficient working practice using a modular approach, to allow parallel processing globally and secure intellectual property rights when working with suppliers and customers of the Cummins Inc. products. This paper shares experience on applying model reduction techniques following a structured approach and highlights computing and training resources for an analysis team.
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Moon, Yong-Mo, and Sridhar Kota. "Generalized Kinematic Modeling Method for Reconfigurable Machine Tools." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/mech-5946.
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Abstract Using a library of machine modules, modular machine tools are being developed by many machine tool manufacturers to reduce design lead time. To accommodate frequent changes in product design in a timely and cost-effective manner, the next generation of machine tools should be reconfigurable to process a family of products. This enables reduction not only in machine design lead time but more significantly a reduction in machine set-up and ramp-up time. The essential characteristics of Reconfigurable Machine Tools (RMTs) include modularity, convertibility, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. Currently there is no systematic method of designing modular machines, let alone reconfigurable machines. This paper presents a methodology for kinematic synthesis of machine tools using screw theory. The motion characteristics of a set of desired machining tasks as well as stored library of machine modules are captured in a common representation scheme. A simple design example to illustrate the application of this methodology for systematic selection and synthesis of reconfigurable machine tools is presented. The proposed methodology can be extended to include the dynamic characteristics and control schemes to enable integrated design of machines and controllers.
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Pumhoessel, Thomas, Peter Hehenberger, and Klaus Zeman. "Preserving Stability Properties in Reduced Models of Time-Periodic Systems Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63435.
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The necessity of providing reduced models of dynamical systems is growing continuously. Model-based control and model-based design are exemplary fields of applications. In this contribution, the reduction of a controlled drivetrain of a rolling mill using the method of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition is investigated, where the specific choice of the control law leads to equations of motion with time-periodic coefficients. Depending on amplitudes and frequency parameters of the time-periodic coefficients, artificial damping is introduced, referred to as parametric control. The maximum damping effect depends on these parameters in a nonlinear manner, as it is shown by means of a stability-parameter from Floquet theory. The reduced model set-up approximates the stability-parameter of the full model in an appropriate way within a wide range of the parameters. A measure based on the linear time-invariant system is developed that gives insight into the effect of the simulated timeseries on the properties of the reduced model.
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Francis, Alex, and Ilya Avdeev. "Model Order Reduction for Design of Torsional Disk Couplings." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39275.
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Torsional couplings are used to transmit power between various rotating components of power systems while allowing for relatively small misalignments that may otherwise lead to equipment failure. When selecting a proper coupling type and size, one has to consider three important conditions: (1) maximum load applied to the coupling, (2) maximum operation speed and (3) amount of misalignment allowable for normal operation. There are many types of flexible couplings that use various materials for the flexible element of the coupling on the market today. Design of the coupling and the materials used for the flexible elements determine the coupling’s operating characteristics. In this project, we study metal disk couplings. Benefits of this type of coupling include: ease of replacement or repair, clear visual feedback of element failure, and the absence of a need for lubrication. The torsional stiffness of a coupling is a major factor relative to the amount of misalignment allowable. Currently, flexible couplings are tested by manufacturers to experimentally determine the torsional stiffness; a process which requires expensive equipment and more importantly employee time to set-up and run. The torsional coupling lumped characteristics, such as torsional- and flexural stiffness, as well as natural frequencies are important for design of the entire power system and have to be as precise as possible. In this work, we have developed an accurate modeling framework for determining these parameters based on a full 3-D finite element model and model-order reduction procedure. Developed methodology was validated by available experimental data from one of the leading manufacturers of torsional couplings.