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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Settlement evolution'
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Vargas, Hernando. "Urban settlement and evolution in XIXth century Antioquia, Colombia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78074.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, and (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1987.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 120-133.
by Hernando Vargas.
M.S.
M.C.P.
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Fenwick, Helen. "The Lincolnshire marsh : landscape evolution, settlement development and the salt industry." Thesis, University of Hull, 2007. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5669.
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The coastal wetland, known as the Lincolnshire Marsh, is investigated in order to understand the ways in which people in the past exploited coastal zones. This research into a previously neglected area has tested the validity of' Rippon's (2000) three-part model ofcoastal strategies - exploitation, modification and transformation. The Lincolnshire Marsh, as considered in this thesis, covers a region from Cleethorpes in the north to Wainfleet in the south. The study area also encompasses areas of the adjacent dry land, of the Middle Marsh and the Wolds, to the west. A wide range of data are studied to help build a picture of the methods people have used to settle this region, from earlier prehistory through to the sixteenth century. It has been shown that the strategies adopted have varied over space and time, and that the region cannot be viewed as a single developmental unit. Four separate development zones have been postulated. showing differences in the visible Bronze Age reactions to rising sea-levels; in the concentration of salt production to specific regions, in certain periods; in the place-name evidence; in the Domesday landholdings; and in the settlement pattern. Following Rippon's (2000) three-part model it has been shown that for the majority of its history, people have been happy to exploit the natural resources on offer along the Marsh, whether they be salt or the natural havens or pasture. Although salt was important in this development, it is limited in specific periods, to specific areas. On occasion the occupants of the Lincolnshire Marsh have modified the coast to aid with settlement and exploitation; however, there were no large-scale attempts at reclamation, or transformation until the sixteenth century. In this respect the region is significantly different from many other coastal wetlands in north-west Europe which see large-scale attempts at transformation by the thirteenth century at the latest. A subdivision has also been apparent at the modification stage - in some cases this strategy was intentionally adopted, in other areas the modification was accidental, a by-product of the salt industry.
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Lott, Beryl. "Medieval buildings in Westmorland." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481620.
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Clarke, Peter. "The Land Settlement Association 1934-1948 : the evolution of a social experiment." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281892.
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Carter, Robert Andrew. "Defining the Late Bronze Age in Southeast Arabia : ceramic evolution and settlement during the Second Millennium." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300541.
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D'Aragon, Jean. "Straw, sticks, mud and resistance : development and evolution of the South African Xhosa dwelling and settlement." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=113807.
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This research is about the life and material conditions of existence of Xhosa people living in three informal settlements of East London (now part of Buffalo City) in South Africa. Most observers see such unplanned settlements as a radical shift away from the groups' traditional rural homestead, some describing them as "neo-vernacular" since---like the vernacular dwelling---these are built from the materials coming from the surrounding environment. The research went beyond this perception and rather proposed that despite changes in the building forms, materials and techniques, the informal Xhosa urban settlements are still---consciously or not---governed by Xhosa traditional rules.To demonstrate this hypothesis, the study attempted to understand the culture of the group through the review of the literature dealing with the Xhosa life and customs in the group's traditional rural setting. Then, it established the evolutionary process of the Xhosa architecture, which was also (re)integrated not only in the history of South African architecture but also in the whole architecture history's continuum. Next, followed the description of the elements that have been found in the three informal settlements as well as in the dwellings and plots that have been selected for the case study. Finally, from the comparison between the elements found in the three squatter settlements selected and the traditional Xhosa setting it is concluded that the traditional Xhosa culture has survived in the three informal settlements of East London. Its persistence has been confirmed in the rituals and everyday activities, the objects, spaces and buildings created, as well as in the way they are constructed, used or lived in.
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Stewart, James Henderson. "Highland settlement evolution in West Perthshire : development and change in the parish of Balquhidder from the fifteenth century to 1851." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/570.
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This thesis is concerned with four leading ideas. These are continuity, persistence, discontinuity, and redundancy, as essential elements of the evolutionary process of human settlement. This requires a dynamic view of history, rather than a periodic one. The research, therefore, focussed upon one parish and traced its evolution from the middle ages into the nineteenth century. The thesis reviews evidence for origins of the social and settlement system before the fifteenth century. Internal local processes of change, and external forces, are examined. Modern theories of the antiquity and influence of great estates, and their subsidiary territorial units, upon the development of rural environments, are examined in relation to the development of land use, tenurial systemst and social organisation. Results indicate the persistence of ancient land divisions, and of cultural characteristics of communities, through periods of significant change. Demographic changes were very important driving forces in the evolutionary process. However, cultural traditions, handed down through generations, tended to inhibit changes, even in the face of economic necessity and land shortage. A destructive negative force operated within an expanding population, on a fixed area of land. The policy-making role of the superiors in the great estates was seen to act as a positive force. This first produced incremental changes which accommodated crises, and later more fundamental changes resulting in some discontinuity. The dissolution of the archaic system, and synthesis of a new one, took place in the early nineteenth century. Population increase was traced as early as the sixteenth century. Responses in estate management appeared by the early ei ghteenth century. The research combined evidence from documentary sources and field surveys. This thesis follows one special aspect of the results. Others remain to be examined. It is an open-ended presentation, intended as a base for further work, although complete within itself.
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Morrison, Pat. "Holocene landscape evolution of the Langadhas Basin, Macedonia : an approach to the evaluation of the soil resource for prehistoric settlement." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395731.
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Brown, Thomas Jay. "Demography and the Evolution of Logistic Organization on the Northern Northwest Coast Between 11,000 and 5,000 cal BP." PDXScholar, 2016. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3223.
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Focusing on the relationship between demography and sedentary behavior, this thesis explores changes to mobility strategies on the Northern Northwest Coast of North America between 11,000 and 5,000 cal BP. Drawing on a regional database of radiocarbon dates, it uses summed probability distributions (SPDs) of calibrated dates as a proxy for population change, in combination with syntheses of previously published technological, paleo environmental and settlement pattern data to test three hypotheses derived from the literature about the development of logistic mobility among maritime hunter-gatherers on the Northern Coast.
In all, each of the hypotheses proposes that early peoples on the coast were foragers that utilized high levels of residential mobility, who later adopted collector (logistic) strategies. Two of the hypotheses emphasize the role of population growth and/or packing and resource distribution in this transformation, while the third emphasizes population replacement. Other issues addressed within this thesis are whether or not the forager-collector continuum, as it is used for terrestrial hunter-gatherers, can be applied to those in aquatic settings. Also explored, is the question of whether the available data is sufficient for making and/or testing claims about early mobility patterns in the region.
The results of the demographic models suggest that while population levels were volatile, volatility declined through time and that there is no significant trend in either growth or decline of overall population levels throughout the region. This thesis also confirmed that significant changes to mobility, as evidenced by the emergence of semi-sedentary to sedentary living, begin to appear by ~7,000 cal BP. However, there appears to be little, if any correlation between the advent of more sedentary and logistic behavior and any of the variables tested here. Thus this author suggests, in agreement with Ames (1985; 2004) and Binford (2001) that the distribution of resources and labor organization needs within aquatic environments are sufficient without any other drivers for the development and intensification of logistic mobility.
The principle analytic contribution of this research comes from the demographic modeling that relied on the construction of summed probability distributions. Though these methods have become commonplace in other settings (namely Europe), this thesis presents the first application of these methods within the time period and region covered. Moreover, this research is one of the only of its kind to address demographic histories within coastal landscapes that utilizes both marine and terrestrial 14C samples. In order to explore possible biases within the database, comparisons of marine and terrestrial SPDs were made between sub-sections of the region (i.e. Haida Gwaii, Southeast Alaska and the Dundas Islands).
Though patterning between each of these areas was consistent, these comparative methods revealed an unexpected finding; a massive population crash throughout the region that began between ~9,000-8,800 cal BP and lasted till around 8,400 cal BP. Importantly, this crash was witnessed within all of the individual sub-areas and within SPDs made from both the marine and terrestrial 14C samples, though the reasons behind this collapse and verification of its existence require future research. However, finding this collapse at all further highlighted the need for use of correctly calibrated 14C dates, as the gap in 14C dates effectively disappears when using uncalibrated dates, which has been a longstanding tradition within Northwest archaeology.
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Ozberk, Banu. "The Evolution And Evaluation Of The Fenaket Megaroid Dwellings: A Seasonal Hamlet In Western Bozburun Peninsula." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604973/index.pdf.
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When rural settlements are examined in Anatolia, an evolution process from the prehistoric times could be observed rather than a radical change, about the building architecture and settlement pattern qualities. However, it is, in fact, a chronic discussion subject between the authorities that this case is a result of an inheritance of a building tradition from the predecessors to successors of the society or a reproduction of the similar spatial fiction after the same factors and inputs.
The case of Fenaket rural settlement, which is situated at the western part of the Bozburun peninsula, maintains parallel characteristics, and stays within the limits of this discussion, by its vernacular architecture and spatial arrangement.
The purpose of this research is to analyze and to document the vernacular dwellings and settlement pattern of abandoned Fenaket Villageto identify the evolution and the evaluation process of the megaroid houses of Fenaket
and to develop the means for sustaining this traditional example.
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Tučas, Rolandas. "Evolution of population of Lithuania‘s territory in the 1st–12th centuries AD." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120302_090250-68104.
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The aim of the study is to carry out a comparative causative analysis of population systems in the territory of Lithuania in the 1st–12th century AD. For this purpose, a unique GIS GDB of archaeological sites and find spots of Iron Age in Lithuania was compiled making advantage of the possibilities offered by GIS technologies. The comprehensive analysis of chronological development of territory population (by cultural groups localized in the territory of Lithuania) systems was carried out distinguishing their progression, change, stability and regression stages. The results obtained by detailed cartographic analysis allowed supplementing the data obtained by other researchers who have investigated the structural homogeneity of cultural areas and distinguished their kernel areas, peripheries, unpopulated tribal and intertribal territories, and peripheral areas of mixed cultural possession. Much attention was paid to the boundaries of cultural areas and their changes. The territorial unevenness of the spread of innovations is pointed out and their seed-beds and centres of old tradition distinguished. The regional differences of population and ethnogenetic processes in the territory of Lithuania were evaluated in close correlation with the natural environment as a determining factor of paramount importance. A concept of natural environment and integrity of cultural divisions (ethnogeocoenoses) is presented and used as an ideological and theoretical basis for further structural... [to full text]Disertacijos tikslas – atlikti I–XII a. Lietuvos teritorijos apgyvenimo sistemų palyginamąją priežastinę analizę. Tyrimui sukurta unikali Lietuvos geležies amžiaus archeologinių vietų ir radimviečių GIS GDB, kurios pagrindu, panaudojant GIS technologijas, atlikta išsami skirtingų I–XII a. Lietuvos teritorijoje lokalizuotų kultūrinių regionų teritorijos apgyvenimo sistemų chronologinės raidos analizė (skiriant jų plėtros, kaitos, stabilumo bei regresijos laikotarpius). Detalios kartografinės analizės rezultatas – papildyti ir patikslinti iki šiol kitų tyrinėtojų atlikti tyrimai, vertinant kultūrinių regionų struktūrinį nevienalytiškumą, išskiriant juose branduolius, periferiją, tarpgentines ir vidujgentines neapgyventas teritorijas bei mišrios kultūrinės priklausomybės periferines teritorijas. Daug dėmesio skirta kultūrinių regionų riboms, jų kaitai. Atkreiptas dėmesys į inovacijų plitimo teritorinį netolygumą, išskiriant jų židinius bei konservatyviuosius senųjų tradicijų centrus. Lietuvos teritorijos apgyvenimo ir etnogenezės procesų raidos regioniniai skirtumai vertinti neatsiejant jų nuo gamtinės aplinkos – kaip itin svarbaus jų raidą determinuojančio faktoriaus, įtakos vertinimo. Tuo pagrindu parengta gamtinės aplinkos ir kultūrinių darinių integralumo (etnogeocenozių) koncepcija, šiame darbe tapusi teoriniu pagrindu atliekant tolimesnę teritorijos apgyvenimo sistemų struktūrinę analizę. Aptariant bendruomenių adaptaciją nevienalytėje gamtinėje aplinkoje, išryškinti Rytų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Yoshida, Ahlin Celia. "Rural demographic change over space and time - the case of Vilhelmina municipality." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-105391.
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Since the 1960s the literature on demography of rural northern Sweden has focussed on 'decline' - noting loss of population, population ageing, yourth outmigration and other 'negative' demographic developments (Friedlander, 1969; Hjort, 2009; Stone 1971); recent studies suggest that such generalizations may overlook the diversity of experiences of rural areas (D. Carson and Koch, 2013; Cernic-Maly, Koch and Koch, 2014; Hedlund, 2014; Hoggart and Paniagua, 2001; Koch and Carson, 2012). The purpose of this thesis is to explore aspets of the diversity of experiences of demographic change in one part of rural northern Sweden, focusing on differences between villages and towns within a single municipality. Theoretically, the large body of scientific studies of 'rural' tend to be at macro-scale and from the 'urban' perspective, which might provide generalized and biased assumptions of 'rural'; this study may contribute to the understanding of 'rural' by describing it 'how it really is' and by looking into demographic diversity and change at the micro-scale. Practically, the thesis might assist local planners to take 'place-based' decisions when planning for the future of rural areas when deciding where to place schools, health centres, youth activities centres, playgrounds, or invest in economic opportunities, etc. Moreover, this thesis should answer the following research questions: Q1: Is there diversity in demographic characteristics when comparing proximate locations in the Swedish rural setting? Q2: If there is, is it something that has recently emerged, or sothing that has been present for a long period of history? The thesis studied the case of Vilhelmina municipality, in this case defined by local government boundaries, in three stages: first, looked at how settlement patterns within the area have changed over time - where has there been population growth? Decline? Both? Neither? - using data from 1890, 1970 and 2015. Second, selected five individual locations (defined by village' borders) within the area that have featured at those points in time, and compared them in terms of age, sex, age dependency ratios, and child-woman rates. Third, accessed secondary historical data and interviewed key informants with knowledge of these places to check which events could have influenced shaping them over the time. The findings of the thesis were: 'fragmentedä development over time, differences between individual places at different time; differences between different places at the same time; local, regional, national and international events and trends are likely to have played a role in these results. According to the findings, I can conclude that even since the 1960s, not all locations in rural northern Sweden have had the same experience of 'decline'. Furthermore, not all places share the presumed characteristics of rural areas - i.e. some are younger and some are older, etc. Hence, even the same events influence proximate places in different ways depending on their specific location (e.g. near geographical feature that become more or less valued), their connections with other places (through economic activities, communications, family ties, etc), rules and regulations especially regarding land use, and availability of infrastructure. This thesis describes the demographics of a case in rural northern Sweden in the micro perspective related to temporal and spatial scales. This study provides empirical evidence and might support arguments about the importance of scale and diversity of rural conditions. Moreover, it emphasises, as Koch and Carson (2012) did, the need to understand the spatial scale at which assessments of rural demographic change are being made. Lastly, more academics should perform this genre of research, so that we move past incomplete messages and concepts about rural development that have dominated in northern Sweden since the 1960s.
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Pascal, Rémi. "Le peuplement du bassin méditerranéen de 1800 à 2010 : données disponibles, limites et organisations spatiales." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG1202.
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La mer Méditerranée et les terres qui l’entourent ont eu un rôle central dans l’Histoire du monde. Ces espaces, habités ou parcourus, ont grandement évolué au cours des derniers millénaires, et se sont peu à peu structurés à travers l’apparition de divers objets géographiques tels les bourgs, les villes, les découpages administratifs… C’est à la croisée de ces dynamiques spatiales, historiques, et de l’établissement humain, qu’est appréhendée la notion de peuplement. Pour analyser son évolution autour de la Méditerranée de 1800 à 2010, une base de données de plus de 137 000 localités réparties dans tous les Etats riverains a été construite. Mais sont-elles toutes « méditerranéennes » ? La délimitation de l’espace méditerranéen est une ancienne et récurrente question toujours présente dans les recherches portant sur cet espace. Pour tenter d’y répondre, cinq variables ont été choisies pour construire un indice qui a permis de proposer une limite caractérisant les localités méditerranéennes. A partir de cet ensemble d’objets, et en prenant en compte la notion de dépendance au chemin, une analyse de l’évolution du peuplement autour de la mer Méditerranée été réalisée. Révélant des cycles, des trajectoires et divers autres phénomènes, elle a permis de mettre en lumière des formes d’organisations spatiales originalesThe Mediterranean Sea and the surrounding lands have had a central role in the history of the world. These spaces, inhabited or traveled, have greatly evolved over the past millennia, and have gradually structured through the appearance of various geographical objects such as towns, cities, administrative divisions... It is at the crossroads of these spatial, historical, and human settlement dynamics, which is understood as the notion of settlement. To analyze its evolution around the Mediterranean from 1800 to 2010, a database of more than 137 000 localities distributed in all riparian states was built. But are they all "Mediterranean"?The delimitation of the Mediterranean area is an old and recurrent question always present in the researches on this space. To try to answer it, five variables were chosen to construct an index that allowed to propose a limit characterizing the Mediterranean localities. From this set of objects, and taking into account the notion of path dependence, an analysis of the evolution of the population around the Mediterranean Sea was carried out. Revealing cycles, trajectories and various other phenomena, it has brought to light forms of original space organizations
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Andersson, Christoffer. "Järnåldersboplatser och historiska byar : En studie av agrara bebyggelsemönster i mälarbygder under 1500 år." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2839.
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Following paper deals with the questions about prehistorian and medieval settlements in the Mälar Valley and their relations to the historically known hamlets or single farmsteads from the 17th- and 18th-century cadastral maps. Models over settlement development through the period A.D 200 to 1700 done by geographers Ulf Sporrong and Dan Carlsson are tested and compared to the knowledge won by recent archaeological excavations. Is there a connection between the older settlements linked together by dry-stone walls and the late Iron Age settlements? Does the picture differ from the one presented for the Gotland region? How well are the general theories about different settlement development depending on basic natural conditions as for the potentials for cultivation and topography, corresponding to the physical remains? Are there other factors involved when the settlement structure takes its form?
The methods that are used here constitutes mainly of a comparison between different locations in the Mälar Valley that has got a well known prehistory thanks to extensive archaeological excavations. Cadastral maps, soilmaps, topography maps and maps over ancient monuments are intertwined to the same map and analyzed through works in Geographical information systems.
The results of this study reveal an interesting suspicion in the continuity-question through the Iron Age. Certain settlements seem to be more stable than what was earlier assumed in the general models. This occurrence of continuous use of sites must also be seen in a spatial context and not only a pattern formed by randomly chosen locations. The research has shown that it may be connected to the local political power in the Iron Age community. Related to this are also the different settlement forms where more than one unit occurs on a site. Concerning the different natural landscapes both disparities and similarities are found when it comes to the development that precedes the given situation on the cadastral maps. The conclusion is that the recent archaeological excavations definitely have shown us a more complex situation than what was once outlined in the early years of landscape archaeology.
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Chevrier, Benoît. "Les assemblages à pièces bifaciales au Pléistocène inférieur et moyen ancien en Afrique de l’Est et au Proche-Orient : nouvelle approche du phénomène bifacial appliquée aux problématiques de migrations, de diffusion et d’évolution locale." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100115/document.
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Le modèle « Out of Africa » est profondément ancré dans les réflexions portant sur les peuplements paléolithiques. Pour le Pléistocène inférieur et moyen ancien, plusieurs vagues de dispersion des premiers hominidés à partir de l’Afrique de l’Est sont avancées, en particulier vers le Proche-Orient sur la base de trois sites majeurs : Dmanisi, ‘Ubeidiya et Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov. Cette théorie véhicule également l’idée d’imports répétés de techniques nouvelles, notamment le façonnage bifacial.Cependant, une déconstruction des mécanismes inhérents à ce modèle permet d’identifier des obstacles conceptuels et méthodologiques issus du « paradigme de la flèche », simplifiant et réduisant la complexité des phénomènes techniques et culturels.Afin de réintégrer à la question l’espace et le temps, dont l’absence au sein d’« Out of Africa » est rédhibitoire, nous utilisons une vision évolutive des techniques basée sur des réflexions de philosophie, d’ergonomie et de géographie. Cette vision, reprise par des paléolithiciens depuis une quinzaine d’années, a conduit à concevoir une méthodologie techno-fonctionnelle centrée sur les notions d’outil, de geste et de fonctionnement.Une étude approfondie utilisant cette approche a été menée sur quatre assemblages est-africains et proche-orientaux, complétée par des observations portant sur trois autres collections. Les informations obtenues permettent de discuter des processus d’évolution technique sur le temps long, de proposer une vision alternative des peuplements qui considère en particulier l’idée d’inventions du façonnage bifacial indépendantes, et enfin d’envisager des espaces culturels à différentes échelles de temps et d’espaceThe “Out of Africa” model is deeply rooted in the issues of Paleolithic settlement. For the Lower and Early Middle Pleistocene, several waves of early hominid dispersal from Africa have been proposed, especially to the Near East on the basis of three major sites: Dmanisi, ‘Ubeidiya and Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov. This theory also conveys the idea of repeated imports of new techniques, including bifacial shaping.However, the mechanisms inherent in this model are deconstructed: it allows to identify conceptual and methodological obstacles from the “arrow paradigm”, which simplifies and reduces the complexity of technical and cultural phenomena.The absence of space and time in the “Out of Africa” model is a crippling flaw. To reintroduce these dimensions in the debate, an evolutionary view of technics is used and is inspired by thoughts from philosophy, ergonomics and geography. In Paleolithic prehistory, this point of view, developed over past fifteen years, led to work out a techno-functional methodology focused on notions of tool, gesture and functioning.A detailed study using this approach was conducted on four assemblages from East Africa and Near East, with some supplementary observations on three other collections Then a discussion is offered on various topics: (1) the processes of technical evolution over long time, (2) an alternative vision of settlements, which particularly considers the idea of independent inventions of bifacial shaping, and finally (3) the ability to define cultural spaces on different scales of time and space
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Chambrade, Marie-Laure. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle et environnement des sites néolithiques précéramiques de Syrie intérieure." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926596.
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La Syrie intérieure est composée d'une mosaïque de milieux et de micromilieux dont les caractéristiques lithologiques, édaphiques et hydrologiques permettent de compenser l'aridité climatique, ou renforcent au contraire les contraintes imposées aux modes de vie et de subsistance, de nos jours comme par le passé. Cette étude multiscalaire - supra‐régionale, régionale et microrégionale - de l'environnement des sites PPNA et PPNB (9 500‐6 500 av. J.‐C.) a permis de comprendre comment ont pu être opérés les choix d'implantation, définies les stratégies de subsistance et l'exploitation des ressources. Au‐delà des critères évidents orientant les choix des lieux d'implantation, tel que l'accès à une ressource en eau, il a été démontré que les communautés néolithiques ont très tôt sélectionné des lieux d'installation bénéficiant de milieux propices aux pratiques agricoles et de terroirs complémentaires permettant de mettre en œuvre des stratégies culturales diversifiées. Leur capacité d'adaptation à un milieu contraignant, le développement progressif des activités agro‐pastorales ainsi que leur maîtrise croissante de l'eau, leur ont permis de coloniser l'ensemble de la Syrie intérieure aux PPNB récent et final. Les prémices du nomadisme pastoral seraient nées dans ce contexte, et dès lors que l'élevage fut maîtrisé, d'une recherche par les groupes mobiles du mode de vie et de subsistance le plus adapté aux contraintes de la steppe. Cette étude a par ailleurs permis de tester à grande échelle - spatiale et temporelle - une méthode d'analyse microrégionale, s'inspirant de la démarche de type Site Exploitation Territory, et d'en faire l'analyse critique avec comme objectif l'élaboration ultérieure d'un modèle d'analyse plus abouti, si possible en concertation avec les spécialistes des disciplines concernées par ces problématiques.
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Arno, C. Anneta D. "New settlements as a method of land release in south east England : evolution of policy and the consequences for planning." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394477.
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Waller, Megan. "Open spaces in informal settlements in Bangkok, Thailand and the potential role for landscape architects in their design and evolution." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17689/.
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In response to the prevalence and predicted increase in slums in the global south UN Habitat are presently advocating a phased street and public space led upgrading approach. Such an approach indicates that the discipline of landscape architecture, based on its skills, knowledge and expertise, has the potential to contribute to these marginalised contexts through the planning and design of public spaces. At present however, a coherent body of literature regarding the physical space of urban informality is lacking, meaning that landscape architects lack comprehensive understanding of the variations, which occur in this urban phenomena and therefore ineffective intervention tools. The research aims then are firstly, to develop the limited literature that exists on the relationship between people and the physical space of informality; challenging debates surrounding the development, presence, form, role, use and the associated identity, meaning and significance of open spaces. Secondly, to establish if there is a role for landscape architects to contribute to these marginalised contexts and, if so, whether and how they might contribute to the planning, design and management of open spaces. Central to the approach was ethnographic fieldwork in three informal settlements and two upgraded communities in Bangkok, Thailand. The settlements and identified public spaces were analysed using social science methods and those traditional to landscape architecture. The findings suggest that for successful intervention a landscape architects notion of what constitutes a ‘public’ ‘space’, along with notions and expectations of permanence and use may first have to be reconceived and understanding of the processes instigating place identity developed. Having questioned the relevance of applying dominant paradigms of landscape architectural theory and practice that have evolved the global north to the global south slum context, this thesis additionally proposes that the discipline may also require new ways of investigating, analysing and applying that knowledge.
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Field, Julie S. "The evolution of competition and cooperation in Fijian prehistory archaeological research in the Sigatoka Valley, Fiji /." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765031501&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233790945&clientId=23440.
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Teles, Sílvia. "Habitar a paisagem alentejana: a particularidade do monte." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12238.
Full textAbstract:
A presente dissertação encontra-se fundamentada no estudo da propriedade rural de herdade latifundiária na região do Alentejo, bem como na análise e identificação dos elementos arquitectónicos habitacionais, produtivos e rede viária, que faziam parte destes territórios. O caso de estudo, Monte Branco da Serra, localiza-se em Moura, na freguesia de Sobral da Adiça. Parte-se de uma análise detalhada dos principais elementos que compõem esta paisagem, numa aproximação de contexto monográfico, relacionado com o estudo já abordado sobre este monte no importante Inquérito à Arquitectura Popular Portuguesa (1961). O objectivo deste estudo é reconhecer, compreender e inventariar as tipologias e as espacialidades geradas e associadas à propriedade, na forma da exploração agrícola e procurando um entendimento desta unidade de paisagem, assim como identificar e entender os elementos arquitectónicos que a constituem;
### ABSTRACT:
The present master investigation is centered on the rural homestead property landlord in the Alentejo region, as well as the analysis and identification of architectural elements housing, productive and roads, which belonged to those territories. The case study is the Monte Branco da Serra, located in Moura, particularly in the village of Sobral of Adiça. It starts with a detailed analysis of the main elements that make up this landscape, a monographic approach to the context, related to the study already touched on this important hill in the Survey of Popular Portuguese Architecture (1961). The aim of this study is to recognize, understand and inventory the types and generated and associated with ownership spatiality, in the form of farm and looking for an understanding of this landscape unit, as well as identify and understand the architectural elements that constitute it.
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Huy, Julien d'. "Nouvelles perspectives sur l'histoire de l'Afrique : mythologies, arts rupestres et génétique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H100.
Full textAbstract:
Dans ce travail, je chercherai à montrer l'intérêt d'une approche phylomémétique des mythes dans la perspective d’une reconstruction du peuplement de l’Afrique et du globe sur la très longue durée. Après une présentation historique de cette approche méthodologique, je soutiendrai que les mythes forment une classe, distincte et largement indépendante, de réplicateurs culturels dont le comportement et la fidélité peuvent rivaliser avec ceux des gènes et des langues, et montrerai qu'il est possible d’appliquer des outils informatiques utilisés en biologie à des familles de mythes ou de traditions orales pour tenter de répondre à des questions portant sur l'histoire des peuples et de leurs migrations, ou encore pour contribuer à l’interprétation des vestiges archéologiques. Je discuterai des objections communes à l'application de la modélisation phylogénétique aux mythes et mettrai en évidence l'extrême lenteur évolutive de certains d'entre eux. J’établirai ensuite une corrélation entre la diffusion des mythes et celle des gènes, ce qui me conduira à proposer, grâce à la construction d'arbres phylogénétiques, un modèle de diffusion des peuples en Afrique et à travers le monde. La forme première de plusieurs récits ou traditions orales, parfois antérieurs à la sortie d'Afrique, pourra ainsi être retrouvée, en même temps qu’un éclairage sur la signification de certains vestiges archéologiques – incluant l’art rupestre – pourra être apporté. Les résultats obtenus apparaissent solides, notamment du fait qu'ils résistent aux changements de corpus et de méthode, tout en demeurant cohérents avec ceux provenant d’autres approchesIn this dissertation, I will try to show you the interest of a phylomemetic approach of myths in the perspective of a reconstruction of the settlement of Africa, and of the globe over longterm.After an historical presentation of this methodological approach, I will argue that the myths form a distinct and largely independent class of cultural replicators whose behaviour and fidelity can rival those of genes and languages, and show that it is possible to apply computer tools used in biology to families of myths or oral traditions in an attempt to answer questions about the history of people and their migrations, or to contribute to the interpretation of archaeological remains.I will discuss common objections to the application of the phylogenetic model of myths, and highlight the extreme slowness of evolution for some of them. I will then establish a correlation between myths and gene diffusion, thanks to the construction of phylogenetic trees, a model of diffusion of peoples inside Africa and throughout the world.The first form of several oral narratives or traditions, sometimes existing prior to the Out-of-Africa process, can thus be found at the same time as a clarification on the meaning of certain archaeological remains including rock art can be brought. Results appear solid, in particular because they resist changes in the corpus and method and remain consistent with those from other approaches
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Huang, Ying-chun, and 黃瀅純. "The evolution of Settlement from Wushantou Reservoir." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96193941641537305313.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺南大學
台灣文化研究所碩士班
98
The point of this research paper focus on a smaller area, and the topic is the effects between the construction of Wushantou Reservoir weir and residents who live near it, especially focus on Daqi village where contains 50% residents who are form the other area. Wushantou Reservoir locates between Guantian township and Dajia township in Tainan county, and the construction of weir created a reservoir on the advanced position of Guantian river. Wushantou Reservoir weir began to be built in 1925, and it was the most important construction of Jiananda canal. As the result of the weir made the river get stuck, the natives who lived in the weir area encountered a problem and made them had to move. Before this moving, the natives had moved one time because of a war. This research first focus on the understanding of natural environment and previous development in this area, and in chapter 2, 3 and 4, the sequences are ‘the immigration from Fanzishan which was from Kingdom of Tungning to Japanese Colonial Rule’, ‘the immifration from Fanzishan and people built Wushantou Reservoir’, and ‘from 1930 when the people immigrated until now’. The purpose of deliberating of history, studying on academic documents, and interviewing by ourselves is in order to explain the relationship between the differences of historic background, geographic environment to Wushantou Reservoir and the residence. Before Ming and Qing dynasty, this area already had signs that showed people’s activities. Archaeological things began to be discovered proved that there already existed people before Han population’s immigration. Later, Plain people went hunting and farmed here. During Ming and Qing dynasty, Han populations went here and started to reclaim, and the original Plain people began to hide after Han’s reclamation. This researching area is in a mountain, the bandits used geographic advantages which were easy to defend but difficult to be attacked to king this area and bully the residents. Qing government had punished them and attacked them more times. At the beginning Japanese Colonial Rule, this area became an against Japanese Colonial Rule place. The people in Fanzishan who were living there and against Japanese Colonial Rule had high national consciousness, so they attack Japanese army. As a result, the Japanese governance of Taiwan decided to punish this area. They attacked, flamed, and used cannon attack. The only thing the residents could do was escaped from this place. After the suppression in 1900 and the encouragement from the government and powerful people, the refugees came back to this area, and restarted to reclaim. After they moved in, under Hoko system and supervision of the government, the area became peaceful temporarily, also Sugar Manufacturing Company and Rennga kabushikkaisya joined this activity to reclaim. Growing sugar canes and planting trees became the important industry in this area, and it also created a lot of working opportunities, so the variation of population was very large. The construction of Wushantou Reservoir is a landmark in this area. From 1930, the residents who used to live in the weir area started to move out, and large portion of those people moved to today’s Daqi village in Guantian township, and it created three dwelling places in Daqi village: Daqi, Cizipu, and Dajing. Originally, bamboos used to help the residents make big bucks, because substance environment was getting better after 1971, bamboos were replaced by plastic products, bricks, and cement, so bamboos became unpopular. Lake traveling companies canceled their running because of some reasons. Because of lacking working opportunities, , younger generations go to the other areas for work, so the average age in this area is getting older. Due to the watering facilities and the limitation of water resource protective area, people there changed to grow fruit which was not needed too much manpower and need less water. Growing fruit is affected by the environment, so different dwelling places have different species. The residents’ abilities which are used to get used to the environment better are being testing by the varieties of industry in this area. After immigration, different groups and the immigration from the other place have different religions, because of this, it creates gap; on the other hand, the appearance of belief of Arit varies belief of religions in this area.
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Kocho-Schellenberg, John-Erik. "Understanding the evolution of Beluga entrapment co- management in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region using Social Network Analysis." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4250.
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Co-management of fisheries in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR) began with the
establishment of the Fisheries Joint Management Committee (FJMC) in 1986, one of the
provisions of the Inuvialuit Final Agreement (IFA) signed in 1984. The agreement
between the Inuvialuit and the Canadian Government with regards to renewable resource
management was arranged as a collaborative management process that included
knowledge and insight from both sides. This thesis uses the case of beluga entrapment in
the Husky Lakes, NWT, to explore how co-management between the Tuktoyaktuk
Hunter and Trapper Committee (HTC) and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans
(DFO) has changed through time in structure and process, and to determine what impacts
co-management has had on Inuvialuit involvement in management. Additionally, the
linkage between co-management and adaptive capacity at the local level is analyzed in
order to better understand how Inuvialuit involvement in fisheries management can have
beneficial impacts on cultural preservation, youth education, and employment. This study
employed the use of mixed qualitative and quantitative methods within a participatory
approach, which aimed at including the community of Tuktoyaktuk in every step of the
research process. Qualitative methods included informal discussions, semi-directed
interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. Community research partners
were also essential in accessing information and interviews. The quantitative method
used in this study was the use of questionnaires for Social Network Analysis (SNA) in
attempting to describe the changes in the management network over time.
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Davies, Sarah Whitney. "Understanding coral dispersal." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/25038.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding the factors influencing species ranges and dispersal are becoming increasingly important as climate change alters species distributions worldwide. If species are to persist, life-history strategies must rapidly evolve to accommodate shifting environments. This dissertation assesses the factors modulating dispersal in corals. First, I examined if there were any systematic differences in settlement between Indo-Pacific and Caribbean coral larvae that might explain Caribbean recruitment failures. No differences were observed, however I detected significant divergences in settlement cue preferences among coral species across both the Caribbean (Diploria strigosa, and Montastraea franksi) and the Indo-Pacific (Acropora tenuis, A. millepora, and Favia lizardensis), even for coral larvae from the same reef. Secondly, I established the extent of coral dispersal between remote reefs. I evaluated the genetic diversity and divergence across Micronesia for two coral species and investigated if these islands served as a connectivity corridor between the Indo-West-Pacific (Coral Triangle) and the Central Pacific. I found isolation-by-distance patterns whose strength depended on species, suggesting these corals are not panmictic across their ranges and that island stepping-stones facilitate gene flow to remote Pacific reefs. Next, I investigated genetic structure of symbionts in these same corals, to see if horizontally transmitted symbionts are less dispersive than their coral hosts. Symbiont genetic divergence between islands was an order of magnitude larger than host divergence and both host species and environment modulated symbiont composition. These results suggest that symbiont populations are host-specific and associating with local symbionts might be a mechanism for broadly dispersing corals to adapt locally. Lastly, I estimated heritable variation in dispersal-related traits in coral larvae. I observed strong heritable variation in gene expression, as well as parental effects on two phenotypic traits, settlement and fluorescence. I observed that patterns of differential expression in three-day-old larvae predicted variation in settlement and fluorescence two days later. Correlations between proteoglycan expression and settlement suggest that the larval extracellular matrix plays a role in settlement. Down-regulation of ribosomal proteins and differential expression of oxidative stress genes correlated with increasing fluorescence, possibly indicating reduced growth and increased stress. Overall, this dissertation contributes to our knowledge of factors affecting coral dispersal and the potential for evolution of dispersal-related traits.text
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Proske, Ulrike [Verfasser]. "Early human settlement and appearance of large-scale salt production in SE-Asia : reconstruction of the coastline evolution and the palaeoenvironmental conditions in the north-eastern Mekong River Delta, Vietnam / vorgelegt von Ulrike Proske." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1003155650/34.
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Guha, Bansari. "Evolution of rural settlements in South 24-paraganas." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3237.
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Paula, Davis Pereira de. "Análise dos riscos de erosão costeira no litoral de Fortaleza em função da vulnerabilidade aos processos geogênicos e antropogénicos." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/8981.
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Tese de doutoramento, Ciências do Mar (Gestão Costeira), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2012A tese mostra como se deu a evolução do litoral de Fortaleza, no Nordeste do Brasil, a partir de sua ocupação histórica e das relações homem-meio. A investigação está baseada no processo de ocupação humana do litoral entre os séculos XVI e XXI e suas implicações para o gerenciamento costeiro de litorais urbanizados. O principal objetivo foi compreender, de forma integrada e diacrônica, como os eventos naturais e humanos impulsionaram a evolução desse litoral. Pois, a análise integrada da paisagem e dos mecanismos forçadores (naturais e antrópicos) permite estabelecer cenários de previsão do comportamento da agitação marítima e da urbanização da costa, consequentemente, permitindo identificar os níveis de vulnerabilidade ao regime de galgamento. Neste trabalho, procuramos estabelecer e compreender cronologicamente a ordem dos acontecimentos que levaram à artificialização da costa fortalezense. Essas transformações foram avaliadas em suas diferentes formas de antropização: a) fortificações; b) atividades econômicas; c) desenvolvimento portuário; d) utilização balnear; e) obras de proteção costeira; f) aeroporto; g) turismo nacional e internacional; h) verticalização/urbanização. Dessa forma foi possível observar como o litoral foi modificado e adaptado pelo homem as suas necessidades sociais, culturais, patrimoniais e econômicas. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para um melhor conhecimento da nova dinâmica costeira (modificada pelo homem), permitindo conhecer a evolução da área de estudo de forma mais detalhada para as características morfológicas e hidrodinâmicas. Esta tese demonstrou que a ocupação do território suscitada pela exploração dos recursos naturais do Ceará induziu modificações ambientais no litoral de Fortaleza que atingiram, no século XX, amplitudes muito elevadas, que ultrapassaram os níveis de resiliência ecossistêmicos e, por consequência, se tornaram insustentáveis. Por outro lado, os referidos processos de ocupação e de exploração dos recursos naturais conduziram ao estabelecimento de um litoral totalmente artificializado, cuja manutenção será cada vez mais dispendiosa.
This thesis tracks the evolution of the Fortaleza seafront in NW Brazil through its occupation history and human-environment relationships. The research focuses on the development of human settlement along the coast between the 16th and 21st centuries and the implications of this for management of urbanized coastal areas. The main aim of the thesis was to understand, using an integrated and diachronic approach, how natural events and human activities drove coastline evolution. Furthermore, analysis of the combination of landscapes and driving mechanisms (both natural and anthropogenic) allowed the establishment of scenarios to predict the behavior of rough seas and coastal urbanization, resulting in the definition of various levels of coastal flood vulnerability. This thesis seeks to understand the sequence of events that led to the creation of an increasingly artificial coastline in Fortaleza. Each transformation of the coast was assessed in terms of its human activities: a) fortifications; b) economic activities; c) port development; d) recreational use; e) coastal engineering works; f) airport construction; g) national and international tourism; h) urbanization and high-rise development. Thus it was possible to observe the way in which human populations modified and adapted the coast for social, cultural, heritage and economic considerations. The results contribute to a better understanding of a new coastal dynamic (i.e. human-modified), allowing the evolution of the study area to be understood on a more detailed morphological and hydrodynamic level. This thesis demonstrates that human occupation arose through natural resource exploitation of Ceará State, leading to environmental modifications on the Fortaleza coastline that, during the 20th century, reached such high levels that they overstepped ecosystem resilience and therefore became unsustainable. Moreover, processes of coastal occupation and natural resource exploitation have led to the establishment of a completely artificial coastline, the expensive maintenance of which will only increase over time.
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Yen, Hui-chi, and 顏惠琪. "Zhuang village water formation and evolution of space research-Reproduction of memory space settlements-." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08821433988159838216.
Full textAbstract:
碩士華梵大學
建築學系碩士班
99
Abstract History is made by people, time, space, interaction of three factors, the intertwined structure, things and events. Space is a basic human activity and production sites. Individual human beings in the world has a certain space, the use of its resources live. The region on Earth has its geographical features and resources, human in its interest-bearing space, will change its environment, its environment will affect its character. The township, Kaohsiung County, most of the local village as the center of a major evolved gradually, but the main settlement of the formation of village bridge, then with the time when the ups and downs and different. The main settlement within the township during the change of variation, was highest in the townships within the county. Therefore, this study first Bridge Township, Kaohsiung County settlement region's pioneering history of the development process for an understanding and induction, as the water village settlements in this study the formation and change of space the paper. Rural areas through the bridge by the water flow is most closely Chuang to water issues, to explore the water village settlement formation and evolution of the diverse space look. The paper is divided into six chapters, the first is for the settlement of the related literature review, and then study the structure and content of the export. The second chapter is drawn through the whole history of literature information and maps of the collection, Bridge Township, Kaohsiung County area from under the Ming to the historical village during the Japanese occupation of cultivating the land development process and settlement development and the natural environment as a context to understand and summarize to study water village as the village of the paper. The third chapter is the historical village by village water legend, the Japanese colonial settlement of space for memory, residents and the collective memories and so the water from the natural landscape, historical events, feelings and custom-oriented, literature reviews, field research research methods, and the Legend of analysis, oral history, images of text information and so on, to show the establishment of village water settlement the texture space and explore water village legend, water and space. Chapter Four major religious center of village water village's relationship with water, and reclaimed the family name Shonai major clans in the space distribution of blood pulse down the meaning of texture. And record the actual participation of the local temple activities and interaction between residents. Chapter records by field investigation to establish the status quo of cadastral map surface, the official Web drawing information for a land use analysis, to explore the spatial structure of water and water village association; to people's livelihood and daily life as the starting point, by field observations, photographs, statistics, etc., to Shonai location of industry category, properties, and the number of other factors, to analyze the spatial structure to understand the composition of the daily Zhuangnei elements, and consumption behavior. And to drawing up the information on file with the incomplete form or disappear in time and space, and the extension for future research needs. Chapter VI of the contents of the above sections to make a collect and categorize the water village settlements in the settlement process of development, as people, time, space, interaction of three factors, the intertwined structure, developments and events, the water village and love-hate water.
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ZHOU, LI-BIN, and 周麗彬. "The Spatial Hierarchy and Network Evolution of Traditional Urban Settlements Form ―A Case Study of the Development of Fuzhou’s Historic Settlements along Its Central Axis." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nha6a7.
Full textAbstract:
博士中國文化大學
建築及都市設計學系
107
The development of the city originated from the settlement, and the development of the settlement began in the basic space unit - the courtyard. With the development of society, economy and population, these courtyards with similar morphological characteristics are repeated and combined along the horizontal and vertical directions to form a group of house buildings, Fangxiang buildings, settlement groups and even a city and country. In the historical changes of more than 2,200 years, Fuzhou City has experienced the Han Dynasty-Ye City, the Jin Dynasty-Zi City, , the Tang Dynasty -Luo City, the Liang Dynasty-Jia City, the Song Dynasty-Wai City, the Ming Dynasty-Fu City, the Qing Dynasty-Hui City, and the modern Fuzhou City.But no matter how the urban form evolves,there has been a central axis of the city that has grown from north to south with historical time. On the central axis, it still maintains the complete traditional settlement form of the Ming and Qing Dynasties,such as the three lanes and seven alleys traditional settlement which was lived by national elites and literati in the Ming and Qing Dynasty and was just like Living stone of buildings in the Tang Dynasty;Shangxiahang traditional settlement which was developed by Mingjiang River as commercial settlement in the Ming and Qing Dynasty,Yantaishan traditional settlement which was developed by foreign culture as mountain ecological settlement in the end of the Qing Dynasty ,and Zhuzifang traditional settlement where lived Naval generals in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China…… These traditional urban settlements have very valuable research value. This paper takes the traditional settlements on the central axis of Fuzhou city as the research object, analyzes the characteristics of the hidden urban network structure of different types of traditional settlement forms from the timeline and the spatial axis, and draws on the research methods of urban morphology theory, combined with quantification. The technical means-space syntax and social network analysis method, from the perspective of morphological dimension and social network evaluation, respectively, deeply analyze the characteristics of traditional settlement form space and hierarchical network hidden in the central axis of Fuzhou city. The timeline intercepts six historical time points—the Jin Dynasty -Zi City, the Tang Dynasty -Luo City, the Song Dynasty -Wai City, the Qing Dynasty -Hui City, modern Fuzhou City,and contemporary Fuzhou City. The space axis intercepts three typical traditional settlements on the central axis of Fuzhou City— the three lanes and seven alleys traditional settlement, Shangxiahang traditional settlement and Yantaishan traditional settlement. We have sorted out the dominant features of traditional urban settlements with the theory of urban spatial structure change and lots of ancient maps, plan maps, and aerial maps. Through the calculation, analysis and induction of relevant parameters, two special levels (spatial cohesive level and spatial visual level) and networked system structure of traditional settlements are deeply analyzed. We also have supposed to argue two propositions,the one is whether the geometric centralization of the house is related to the development of organic linearization of urban streets;the other one is what is the relationship between the high wall barrier of the house and the development of limited space visibility.We try to find the interrelationship between the spatial hierarchy and the spatial structure consistent with the shape of the city and its evolution.
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D'Huy, Julien. "Nouvelles perspectives sur l'histoire de l'Afrique : mythologies, arts rupestres et génétique." Thesis, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H100.
Full textAbstract:
Dans ce travail, je chercherai à montrer l'intérêt d'une approche phylomémétique des mythes dans la perspective d’une reconstruction du peuplement de l’Afrique et du globe sur la très longue durée. Après une présentation historique de cette approche méthodologique, je soutiendrai que les mythes forment une classe, distincte et largement indépendante, de réplicateurs culturels dont le comportement et la fidélité peuvent rivaliser avec ceux des gènes et des langues, et montrerai qu'il est possible d’appliquer des outils informatiques utilisés en biologie à des familles de mythes ou de traditions orales pour tenter de répondre à des questions portant sur l'histoire des peuples et de leurs migrations, ou encore pour contribuer à l’interprétation des vestiges archéologiques. Je discuterai des objections communes à l'application de la modélisation phylogénétique aux mythes et mettrai en évidence l'extrême lenteur évolutive de certains d'entre eux. J’établirai ensuite une corrélation entre la diffusion des mythes et celle des gènes, ce qui me conduira à proposer, grâce à la construction d'arbres phylogénétiques, un modèle de diffusion des peuples en Afrique et à travers le monde. La forme première de plusieurs récits ou traditions orales, parfois antérieurs à la sortie d'Afrique, pourra ainsi être retrouvée, en même temps qu’un éclairage sur la signification de certains vestiges archéologiques – incluant l’art rupestre – pourra être apporté. Les résultats obtenus apparaissent solides, notamment du fait qu'ils résistent aux changements de corpus et de méthode, tout en demeurant cohérents avec ceux provenant d’autres approchesIn this dissertation, I will try to show you the interest of a phylomemetic approach of myths in the perspective of a reconstruction of the settlement of Africa, and of the globe over longterm.After an historical presentation of this methodological approach, I will argue that the myths form a distinct and largely independent class of cultural replicators whose behaviour and fidelity can rival those of genes and languages, and show that it is possible to apply computer tools used in biology to families of myths or oral traditions in an attempt to answer questions about the history of people and their migrations, or to contribute to the interpretation of archaeological remains.I will discuss common objections to the application of the phylogenetic model of myths, and highlight the extreme slowness of evolution for some of them. I will then establish a correlation between myths and gene diffusion, thanks to the construction of phylogenetic trees, a model of diffusion of peoples inside Africa and throughout the world.The first form of several oral narratives or traditions, sometimes existing prior to the Out-of-Africa process, can thus be found at the same time as a clarification on the meaning of certain archaeological remains including rock art can be brought. Results appear solid, in particular because they resist changes in the corpus and method and remain consistent with those from other approaches