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Journal articles on the topic 'Seven Years' War, 1756-1763'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

CHARTERS, ERICA. "THE CARING FISCAL-MILITARY STATE DURING THE SEVEN YEARS WAR, 1756–1763." Historical Journal 52, no. 4 (November 6, 2009): 921–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x09990306.

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ABSTRACTThis article re-examines the concept of the fiscal-military state in the context of the British armed forces during the Seven Years War (1756–63). This war, characteristic of British warfare during the eighteenth century, demonstrates that British victory depended on the state caring about the wellbeing of its troops, as well as being perceived to care. At the practical level, disease among troops led to manpower shortages and hence likely defeat, especially during sieges and colonial campaigns. During the 1762–3 Portuguese campaign, disease was regarded as a sign of ill-discipline, and jeopardized military and political alliances. At Havana in 1762, the fear, reports, and actual outbreaks of disease threatened American colonial support and recruitment for British campaigns. Throughout the controversial campaigns in the German states, disease was interpreted as a symptom of bad governance, and used in partisan criticisms concerning the conduct of the war. Military victory was not only about strategy, command, and technology, but nor was it solely a question of money. Manpower could not simply be bought, but needed to be nurtured in the long term through a demonstration that the British state cared about the welfare of its armies.

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2

Anisimov, M. Yu. "THE RUSSIAN PRISONERS OF WAR DURING SEVEN YEARS' WAR: TO STATEMENT OF A PROBLEM." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 3, no. 2 (2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2021-3-2-5-13.

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The article is based on the still rare and scattered data on situation of the Russian prisoners in the Prussian captivity during Seven years' war of 1756-1763. On the basis of the published memoirs and single archival documents the author draws a conclusion on difference in keeping of captured officers and the lower ranks. The situation of the soldiers in captivity was very difficult; they were pressured to go into the Prussian service, they felt the need for clothing and warm rooms, some of the prisoners was forcibly sent to the Prussian army and, contrary to international agreements, remained there even after the end of the war.

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3

Hochedlinger, Michael. ":The Seven Years War in Europe, 1756–1763.(Modern Wars in Perspective.)." American Historical Review 113, no. 4 (October 2008): 1224–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.113.4.1224.

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4

Tkachenko, Il'ya Yur'evich. "Food supply service of the Russian army in the Seven Years' War (1756–1763)." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 7 (July 2021): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.7.36044.

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This article discusses the events of the Seven Years' War from the perspective of supplying the troops of the Russian army with food and adapting it to the European military campaign. An overview is given to the key battles of the Seven Years' War, reflecting the nutrition of troops and activity of certain individuals on maintaining military capability of the army. The author also touches upon the fate of A. V. Suvorov and the beginning of his service as a supply officer, which left an imprint on his future career. The article is based mostly on archival materials of the Russian State Archive of the Ancient Acts, as well as literary sources of scientific nature. The article describes the time of the dawn of the absolutist Russian State, being a powerful international force. The history of food service on the example of the Seven Years’ War of 1756– 1763 is dedicated to the history of food supply of the Russian army and population throughout the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), the main type of supply changed depending on the financial situation of the state. The history of food service in Russia is one of the most remarkable pages in military history. Food service, which established with the advent of the Russian regular army, has been one of the main vectors of activity of the military department for centuries.

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5

Haggerty, Sheryllynne. "Risk, networks and privateering in Liverpool during the Seven Years’ War, 1756–1763." International Journal of Maritime History 30, no. 1 (February 2018): 30–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871417745742.

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Privateering has often been portrayed as a particularly risky business. Some historians have posited that it was undertaken only by disreputable merchants, whilst others have argued that profits would not have been made if systems of control had been absent, and that merchants were in fact rational when they invested in privateering. So far, however, no one has sought to gauge or measure the perceived riskiness of privateering by the merchants themselves, and the rationality of those who participated in it. Using the Seven Years’ War as a case study, this article seeks to measure the extent to which Liverpool merchants perceived privateering to be a risky proposition. As a measurement of the perception of risk, the network size in Liverpool’s privateering voyages is compared to those in the Liverpool slave trade, another trade known to be risky, but one in which Liverpool merchants excelled. In the case of ‘private men of war’, the network size was usually at least as large as those in the slave trade, and often larger. Therefore, the analysis presented here demonstrates that Liverpool’s merchants did perceive privateering – especially its ‘deep-water’ variant – as a particularly risky activity during the Seven Years’ War. By their use of their networks, however, through which they both spread risk, and brought in wider financial and human capital, they were essentially rational in their pursuit of this particular business.

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6

Grigorkin, Vasily А. "European Financial Crisis of 1763." Economic History 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.060.019.202301.058-065.

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Introduction. The financial factor had its full effect during the next major pan-European conflict – the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763). The Seven Years’ War can be considered as the “zero” World War of the 18th century. Its fighting took place in all parts of the world and oceans known then. All the major Christian powers of that time were drawn into it. In terms of the level of militarization, this war surpassed all previous coalition wars. The financial crisis caused by the Seven Years’ War was also very different from the previous ones and had a pan-European effect. The purpose of the article is to study the causes of the financial crisis of 1763. Materials and Methods. Comparative-historical, chronological and genealogical research methods were used, the principles of objectivity and historicism were observed. Results. The crisis was led by the confidence of some banks and financial firms in a win-win business related to the supply of military operations. Discussion and Conclusion. After Frederick II began defacing coins, according to the Copernicus – Gresham law, degraded money is forced out of circulation by full-weight ones, so the German princes, who were neighbors of Prussia, were forced to voluntarily lower the silver content in their coins. There was nothing left but to start the debasing process. This leads to the financial crisis of 1763.

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7

Kretinin, Gennady, and Maxim Megem. "Vasily I. Suvorov, the governor of Prussia." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 04-2 (April 1, 2021): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202104statyi11.

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The article examines the administrative activities of General-Lieutenant Vasily I. Suvorov during the Seven Years’ War of 1756-1763 in connection with supply of the Russian army with provision and other types of allowances. Particular attention is paid to his administration of the province of Prussia in 1761, relations with the local population, and assistance to the Prussians in eliminating the consequences of flood.

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8

Black, Jeremy. "The Global Seven Years War, 1754–1763." International History Review 35, no. 2 (April 2013): 425–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2013.781374.

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9

Dziembowski, Edmond. "Atlantic Patriotism: The Seven Years' War and the Transformation of American, British, and French Political Culture." Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 22, no. 1 (January 2024): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eam.2024.a920457.

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Abstract: The Seven Years' War worked as a catalyst of mutations already present before the hostilities. The case is particularly palpable when we consider the transformation of American, British, and French political culture between 1756 and 1763. In America, William Pitt's colonial policy based on partnership led after the peace to a huge disappointment in America and a growing tension with London. Eventually, it paved the way for the revolt of the Sons of Liberty. In Great Britain, the ideological and political consequences of the war were no less dramatic. Pitt's patriot policy, which was in many respects a mirror of the colonists' political culture based on the same republican principles, brought a decisive contribution to the birth of radicalism after the peace. Last but not least, French political culture was deeply affected by the conflict. A new conception of the political role of the French people emerged during the war, leading to the transformation of the subjects of Louis XV into self-proclaimed citizens willing to offer spontaneously their services for the common weal.

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10

Taylor, David. "Trauma and Emotion in the Battlefield Correspondence of Andrew Mitchell (1708–1771)." Emotions: History, Culture, Society 2, no. 2 (November 15, 2018): 292–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2208522x-02010024.

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AbstractAndrew Mitchell’s emotional reactions to his battlefield experiences in the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763) are detailed in his correspondence. Mitchell was British envoy to Prussia and its ruler Frederick II from 1756 to 1771. His letters home and to friends during the war were an outlet for his emotional turmoil, often unguarded and often expressed without a framework for comprehending the significance or impact of the emotions he felt. His problems were compounded by contemporary diplomatic theory and philosophy, which actively discouraged displays of emotion, advocating self-control and the construction of an identity best equipped to achieve diplomatic ends rather than truly represent what was felt. Analysis of Mitchell’s correspondence suggests that he used letter writing to make sense of his conflicted feelings and to fashion a viable emotional identity in his difficult situation.

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11

Wandschneider, Kirsten. "Landschaften as Credit Purveyors—The Example of East Prussia." Journal of Economic History 75, no. 3 (August 27, 2015): 791–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050715001060.

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Landschaften were cooperative mortgage associations that emerged in Prussia after the Seven Years War (1756–1763) to support the Prussian landed nobility. Landschaften issued covered mortgage bonds, called Pfandbriefe, which helped re-capitalize the Prussian estates. Relying on mortgage data for 554 estates, this article provides a detailed look at one of these institutions—the Landschaft of East Prussia. The article offers insights into the self-selection of participants and the distribution of credit. It also gives a quantitative assessment of the economic effects of the Landschaften with respect to ownership patterns and estate size.

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12

Rastyagaev, A. V., and Yu V. Slozhenikina. "Reception of the Seven Years’ War in the Pages of A. P. Sumarokov’s “The Laboring Bee” (1759): The First Pacifist Pathos of Russian Journalism." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 22, no. 6 (August 22, 2023): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-6-9-20.

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The Seven Years’ War (1756–1763), in which the Russian army fought together with Austria, France, Spain, Saxony and Sweden against the armies of Prussia, Great Britain and Portugal, is considered by some researchers to be the first world war of the New Age by its time and scale of fighting. The reflection of the war in the pages of a periodical has an implicit character and needs to be interpreted. The theme of the war is cross-cutting for all 12 issues of the magazine. All military-related fragments from the magazine are imbued with the spirit of humanism and pacifism. For Sumarokov, war is the apocalypse, the destruction of the universe and all things. The author reflects on the price of victory, the terrible bloodshed, and the ruthlessness of death. Man is like God observing the life of another – a key phrase expressing the pacifist position of the editors of “Laboring Bee”.

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13

Greene, Carol D. "THELURCHERCUTTER IN THE SEVEN YEARS WAR 1761–1763." Mariner's Mirror 82, no. 4 (January 1996): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.1996.10656615.

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14

Shek Brnardić, Teodora. "The Seven Years War (1756-1763) as a Cultural Zone of Entanglement: Case Studies of Croatian Captives." Radovi Zavoda za hrvatsku povijest Filozofskoga fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu 52, no. 1 (December 14, 2020): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/radovizhp.52.9.

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U prosvjetiteljskim studijima metodologija historije isprepletanja primjenjuje se u aspektu istraživanja prosvjetiteljstva kao kulturnoga procesa. U tom smislu historijsko isprepletanje podrazumijeva način na koji se predmet povijesnoga istraživanja konstituira na susretištu ili križanju različitih konteksta. Za istraživanje procesa isprepletanja u 18. stoljeću vrijeme ratnih događanja posebno je prikladno zbog mogućnosti putovanja, a time i povećanih prilika za interkulturnu komunikaciju i raznorazne transfere između vojnika različitih narodnosti i kulturne pozadine. Iskustvo zarobljenih vojnika iz hrvatskih krajeva u Sedmogodišnjem ratu posebno je dragocjeno jer je prema svjedočenju suvremenika nakon njihova povratka u domovinu nastupila promjena kulturne paradigme zbog unošenja kulturnih noviteta poput sadnje krumpira, slobodnoga zidarstva, ali i nepoželjnog ateizma i libertinizma. To je bila posljedica intenzivne komunikacije sa časnicima i vojskom ostalih naroda (i protivničkih i savezničkih, npr. i Prusa i Francuza) u vrijeme zarobljeništva koje je za pojedince na paradoksalan način bilo razdoblje intenzivne kulturne razmjene i prosvjetljivanja.

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15

Thiébaut, Rafaël. "An Informal Franco-Dutch Alliance: Trade and Diplomacy Between the Mascarenes and the Cape, 1719-1769." Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies 1, no. 1 (September 29, 2017): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/jiows.v1i1.23.

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In the eighteenth century, possessions of the different European mercantilist companies rarely interacted, commercially or otherwise. For example, communication between the Dutch colony at the Cape and the French Mascarenes under the regime of the Compagnie des Indes was mostly fortuitous. However, when the French islands were in need of provisions during the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), local authorities did not hesitate to establish a direct maritime connection with the Dutch Cape Colony in order to obtain wheat and wine. Throughout the conflict, the governors of the two colonies maintained a regular and friendly correspondence to ensure such a significant flow of provisions from the Cape to the Mascarenes that the latter became the Cape’s most important foreign trading partner.

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16

Thompson, A. C. "The Global Seven Years War, 1754-1763, by Daniel Baugh." English Historical Review 127, no. 529 (October 11, 2012): 1539–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ces236.

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17

Roider, Karl A. "Franz A. J. Szabo The Seven Years War in Europe, 1756–1763. Harlow, UK: Pearson Longman, 2008. Pp. 512, maps." Austrian History Yearbook 40 (April 2009): 336–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237809001234.

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18

Salvucci, Richard J. "From Settler to Citizen: New Mexican Economic Development and the Creation of Vecino Society, 1750–1820. By Ross Frank. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. Pp. xxiv, 329. $45.00." Journal of Economic History 61, no. 4 (December 2001): 1138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050701005769.

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The first Spanish expedition into New Mexico took place in 1598 under Juan de Oñate. Less than a century later, Spanish settlers were expelled from Santa Fe during the Pueblo revolt of 1680 and the Crown was unable to reestablish control until 1692. New Mexico thereafter remained little more than an insecure settlement on the northern edge of Spain's American empire. Like that of the other frontier marches, New Mexico's status changed dramatically after 1750, when Spain, impelled by growing foreign pressure, sought to strengthen the defensive margins of its possessions. New Mexico, Cuba, and the Argentine colony, for example, all received renewed attention in Madrid. Their subsequent development was dramatically altered by the metropolitan response to the Seven Years War (1756–1763), measures known collectively as the Bourbon reforms.

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Combrink, Tamira. "Rhine Trade in Slave-Based Commodities in the Eighteenth Century." TSEG - The Low Countries Journal of Social and Economic History 19, no. 2 (September 8, 2022): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.52024/tseg.12344.

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German states became an increasingly important destination for slave-based commodities over the course of the eighteenth century. The River Rhine served as an artery for the re-exports of sugar, coffee, tobacco, and other tropical items from the Dutch Republic to the German hinterland. Although some estimates about the importance of this trade do exist, these are based upon scant data. This article presents a plausible scenario of this trade based on a variety of sources. It finds that the Rhine trade grew rapidly during and in the decade after the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), experienced sharp declines during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War (1780-1784), after the Haitian Revolution (1793), and during the French Occupation – particularly under the Continental System (1806-1810) – to resume its steady growth in the nineteenth century. Moreover, much of this eighteenth-century growth was due to slave-produced commodities, which indicates that the Rhine became a crucial connection between the Caribbean plantation economies and globalizing German consumption patterns.

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20

Malaher, David. "French Cartography West of Lake Superior in Relation to the Seven Years War." Bulletin - Association of Canadian Map Libraries and Archives (ACMLA), no. 165 (August 5, 2020): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/acmla.n165.1905.

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21

Kuzio-Podrucki, Arkadiusz. "Schaffgotschowie między Austrią i Prusami w dobie wojen o Śląsk (1740–1763)." Zaranie Śląskie. Seria druga 8 (2022): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/zaranieslaskie.8.1.

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280 years ago, in 1742, the First Silesian War came to an end. The treaty of Breslau and Berlin resulted in the division of Silesia between Prussia and Austria, both of which happened to fight for this region twice again in the years to come – during the Second Silesian War of 1744–1745 and the Seven-Year War of 1756–1763. However, these two conflicts only confirmed the original division. Throughout the conflict, both sides fought with changing fortunes. The Silesian aristocrats were compelled to choose sides and bear the consequences of their choices, which ranged from being showered with privileges to being imprisoned, from being exiled to being allowed to carry on with their lives and keep their demesne. One of the most important and influential aristocratic families were the Schaffgotsches. Count Johann Anton and his sons experienced all the above mentioned circumstances. The count first fled before the Prussian army, only to return some time later. His son, Prince-Bishop of Breslau, Philipp Gotthard, was first honoured with the highest Prussian military award, the Order of the Black Eagle, but afterwards – exiled from the Prussian part of Silesia. An Austrian rittmeister, Johann Nepomuk, died as a Prussian chamberlain at the royal court in Berlin. Karl Gotthard, having sworn an oath to Prussia, died in the Habsburg ruled Prague. Emmanuel Gotthard died, as a subject of the Prussian emperor, in the last days of the Seven-Year War. The border established in the peace treaty of 1742 is still in existence and today – with some minor differences within the Teschen Silesia – constitutes the state border between the Republic of Poland and the Czech Republic.

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22

Thompson, Andrew C. "Book Review: Franz A.J. Szabo, The Seven Years War in Europe, 1756—1763, Pearson: Harlow, 2007; 536 pp.; 9780582292727, £26.99 (hbk)." European History Quarterly 40, no. 3 (July 2010): 563–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02656914100400030640.

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23

Binney, Matthew. "John Campbell’s “Short Papers” for Lord Bute in the London Evening Post." International Review of Scottish Studies 45 (December 1, 2020): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/irss.v45i0.5464.

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John Campbell’s (1708-1775) biographer, Guido Abbattista, has argued that Campbell sought to publish a pamphlet, Thoughts on Public Affairs, in 1761. However, a review of Campbell’s private correspondence in 1761 with the future prime minister, John Stuart, 3rd earl of Lord Bute (1713-1792), indicates that the historian sought not to publish a pamphlet, but newspaper articles that promote the king’s new reign and his administration. Six of these articles have been found in the London Evening Post, and they use ideas and language from Henry St. John, 1st viscount Bolingbroke to represent George III as a Patriot King, to advance the Tory policies of Bute’s future administration, and to encourage a prospective peace to the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763). These six, new attributions to Campbell not only expand his extensive canon, but also portray his significant role in offering the rhetoric and depicting the ideas of George III’s early reign and Bute’s ascendency to premiership.

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24

Von Ferscht-Fountain, M. J. "‘The age of chivalry is gone.’." Groundings Undergraduate 3 (April 1, 2010): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36399/groundingsug.3.258.

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During the latter half of the eighteenth century Britain was in her ‘Golden Age’ of empire. From the defeat of the French in the Seven Years War (1756-1763) until the British loss of the Revolutionary War (1775-1783), she claimed herself as the ‘premiere’ kingdom of the world. But during this period, a growing unease prevailed amongst her people. This was social, with an increasing middle-class born of capitalism, economic through her trade and dominance of the seas, and political through the rise of anti-imperialism against the prevailing absolutist monarchy. In this essay I wish to examine how the sense of crisis in the aristocracy manifested itself in public depictions, namely the military portraits of Sir Joshua Reynolds, and to analyse through the social history of art the pictorial rhetoric that the artist employed for these paintings. I hope to be able to show that the determinations of these aristocratic patrons in asserting ‘heroism’ and ‘civic virtue’ through their portrayals unconsciously exposed their self-conscious condition. Their endeavours in creating a modern, patrician appeal reflected the fractured social and political circumstances of the period into which they desperately attempted to adjust, and maintain power.

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Kleiser, R. Grant. "An Empire of Free Ports: British Commercial Imperialism in the 1766 Free Port Act." Journal of British Studies 60, no. 2 (April 2021): 334–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2020.250.

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AbstractThe Free Port Act of 1766 was an important reform in British political economy during the so-called imperial crisis between the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763) and the American Revolution (1775–1783). In an explicit break from the letter if not the spirit of the Navigation Acts, the act opened six British ports in the West Indies (two in Dominica and four in Jamaica) to foreign merchants trading in a highly regulated number of goods subject to various duties. Largely understudied, this legislation has been characterized in most previous work on the subject as a fundamental break from British mercantile policies and meant to benefit North American colonial merchants. This article proposes a different interpretation. Based on the wider context of other imperial free port models, the loss of conquests such as French Guadeloupe and Martinique and Spanish Havana in the 1763 Paris Peace Treaty, a postwar downturn in Anglo-Spanish trade, and convincing testimonies by merchants and colonial observers, policy makers in London conceived of free ports primarily as a means of extending Britain's commercial empire. The free port system was designed to ruin the rival Dutch trade economically and shackle Spanish and French colonists to Britain's mercantile, manufacturing, and slaving economies. The reform marks a key moment in the evolution of British free trade imperial designs that became prevalent in the nineteenth century and beyond.

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Reul, Barbara M. "“Seven Years of Musical War” (1757-1763) at the German Court of Anhalt-Zerbst." Lumen: Selected Proceedings from the Canadian Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies 30 (2011): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1007720ar.

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Rodger, N. A. M. "Crime and Punishment in the Royal Navy of the Seven Years' War, 1755-1763." English Historical Review 119, no. 483 (September 1, 2004): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/119.483.1069.

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Labutina, Tatiana L. "“Two-Faced Janus”: Was Chancellor Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin in the Service of the British?" Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 3 (July 19, 2024): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0130386424030035.

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Reviewing the policy pursued by a prominent Russian statesman, head of the foreign policy department during the reign of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, Chancellor Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin, the author assesses his relations with the British ambassadors in the period between 1746 and 1756 somewhat differently compared to other historians. Great Britain, which was actively participating at that time in the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748), and then, preparing for the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763), negotiated the lease of the Russian auxiliary military corps in exchange for the payment of cash subsidies. Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin played an active role in the negotiation process. However, whose interests was he protecting and was his service in a high public office entirely selfless? From the analysis of diplomatic correspondence between British ambassadors and the Secretary of State, the author concludes that Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin supported the British more often than not, as he was in the secret service of the British government. This is confirmed by the actions of the Chancellor, aimed at accelerating negotiations on subsidies in the interests of Great Britain, seeking to reduce their size, supporting the privileges of English merchants to the detriment of Russian interests, as well as supplying ambassadors with secret information about the armed forces of the country. The biography of the Chancellor, containing a number of dubious facts, such as documents forged by his father to prove the English ancestry of his family, an unusual acquaintance with the future King George I of Great Britain and service under him, receiving a permanent pension and expensive gifts from the British, suggests that Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin was recruited by the British while in the service of King George I, and therefore frequently acted in the interests of Great Britain.

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Charters, Erica. "Military Medicine and the Ethics of War: British Colonial Warfare during the Seven Years War (1756–63)." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 27, no. 2 (October 2010): 273–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.27.2.273.

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30

Puzanov, Vladimi D. "The russian army in siberia in the 30–50 years of the XVIII century." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University 55, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/21-3/08.

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The reforms of Peter I became the basis for the gradual restructuring of all the military forces of Siberia. The main role in the Russian military cavalry of the Peter's era was played by dragoons. Under Peter I, dragoon regiments were the only type of Russian regular cavalry. In the field army, Peter I ordered the formation of 34 dragoon regiments. In addition, garrison dragoon regiments were formed in the province in the strategically important cities of Azov, Astrakhan, Kazan, and Tobolsk. In the 3050s of the XVIII century, the number of field dragoon regiments of the Russian Empire decreased to 20. In 1744, 3 field dragoon regiments Olonetsky, Vologda and Lutsk, and 2 field infantry regiments Shirvan and Nasheburg were sent to Siberia to protect the region from the Dzungars. By the decree of the Senate of September 29, 1744, all the Russian troops of Siberia were subordinated to the chief commander of the Siberian Corps, who was subordinate to the Military College. Major-General Christian Kinderman was appointed the main commander in Siberia. In March 1756, the Russian army consisted of 3 cuirassiers, 29 dragoons, and 46 infantry regiments, totaling 78 army regiments, with 172,440 men. As a result, during the Seven Years ' War, the number of field dragoon units in Russia decreased by 3 times and by 1763 was only 7 regiments. As a result, if in 1754 the dragoons were 36,627 people (92.6 %), then by 1767 there were only 4,802 people (12.8%) from the Russian cavalry in their ranks.

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KWON, Yun-Kyoung. "10 February 1763: the Treaty of Paris and the End of the Seven Years’ War." HISTORY JOURNAL 42 (February 29, 2020): 319–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51786/rchf.2020.02.42.319.

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Storring, Adam L. "‘The Age of Louis XIV’: Frederick the Great and French Ways of War*." German History 38, no. 1 (September 5, 2019): 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghz069.

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Abstract This article demonstrates that the military ideas of King Frederick the Great of Prussia up to the Seven Years War (1756–1763) were primarily inspired by France, and particularly by the towering figure of King Louis XIV. It examines the intellectual inspirations for Frederick’s military ideas, showing that French military influence reflected the strength of French cultural influence in the long eighteenth century and the importance of Louis XIV as a model for monarchical self-representation. Frederick’s famous personal command of his armies reflected the Enlightenment concept of the ‘great man’ (grand homme), but Frederick thereby sought primarily to outdo the Sun King, whom Voltaire had criticized for merely accompanying his armies while his generals won battles for him. The example of Frederick thus demonstrates that not only rulers but also enlightened philosophers often looked backwards toward older monarchical examples. Frederick sought to create his own ‘Age of Louis XIV’ in the military sphere by imitating the great French generals of the Sun King. Frederick’s famous outflanking manoeuvres followed the example of famous French generals, reflecting the practice of the more mobile armies of the mid-seventeenth century. Frederick used French practice to justify his attacks with the bayonet, and his ‘short and lively’ wars reflected French strategic traditions. The evidence of French influence on Frederick seriously challenges concepts of a ‘German Way of War’, and indeed of supposed national ‘ways of war’ in general, emphasizing the need for a transnational approach to the history of military thought.

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Ágústsson, Jóhannes. "‘Il grosso pacco della musica’: The Galuppiana Consignments for August III and Count Heinrich von Brühl in Warsaw, 1757–1761." Muzyka 65, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 62–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36744/m.447.

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The Sächsische Landesbibliothek – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB), holds one of the world’s largest collections of sacred and secular works by the Italian composer Baldassarre Galuppi, “il Buranello”, whose operatic music was very popular in the mid-1750s with the Saxon elector and Polish king August III and other members of his court. This impressive collection of Galuppiana includes numerous copies of liturgical works from the copying house of the Venetian priest and notorius forger Iseppo (Giuseppe) Baldan. Recently, several compositions falsely attributed to Galuppi by Baldan have turned out to be the works of Antonio Vivaldi, including an excellent setting of Dixit Dominus (RV 807). This article demonstrates that the Galuppi-Baldan manuscripts were sent in several batches from Venice to Warsaw (and not Dresden, as originally thought) during the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763), when August III resided in the Polish capital. The Saxon prime minister count Heinrich von Brühl and his musically gifted daughter Maria Amalia also stayed in Warsaw during this period, as did Brühl’s secretary and musical director Friedrich August von Koenig, who arranged for the purchases from Galuppi and Baldan. The fact that operas were also being sent from Rome to Warsaw during the war shows that the nobility in the Polish capital was up-to-date with all the latest Italian music. Reports of performances of Galuppi’s music in Warsaw is presented through official documents and letters written by Friedrich August de Rossi, secretary of Italian affairs at the Saxon-Polish court. This includes a description of a serenate performed at the fifty-seventh birthday of Brühl in August 1757, and evidence is provided which strongly suggests that the music, the so-called “Endimione” serenate, was specially composed by Galuppi for this occasion. Finally, details of the musical manuscripts being sent from Warsaw to Dresden in 1763 and the cataloguing of the collection is presented, in addition to an account of a previously unknown visit of Galuppi to the Saxon capital in 1765.

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Mercer, Keith D. "Book Review: Crime and Punishment in the Royal Navy of the Seven Years' War, 1755–1763." International Journal of Maritime History 16, no. 2 (December 2004): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387140401600283.

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Chrissochoidis, Ilias. "Reforming Handel: John Brown and The Cure of Saul (1763)." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 136, no. 2 (2011): 207–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690403.2011.618720.

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AbstractThis article explores the first attempt to reform Handelian oratorio, by the Revd John Brown, in 1763. Concerned about the waning popularity and literary flaws of Handel's works, Brown launched a reform campaign through his own oratorio The Cure of Saul, performed at Covent Garden Theatre, and the publication of A Dissertation on […] Poetry and Music. He also produced the first monograph of oratorio criticism, An Examination of the Oratorios which have been performed this Season, at Covent-Garden Theatre (1763). Published within weeks of one another, the three works shaped an intellectual offensive with aesthetic and moral goals mounted on an educational platform. Although a failure, Brown's attempt reflected Britain's national anxiety in the wake of the Seven Years War.

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Mapp, Paul W. "Book Review: The Global Seven Years War 1754–1763: Britain and France in a Great Power Contest." International Journal of Maritime History 24, no. 2 (December 2012): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387141202400264.

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Morriss, Roger. "Daniel Baugh. The Global Seven Years War, 1754–1763: Britain and France in a Great Power Contest." American Historical Review 120, no. 3 (June 2015): 977–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/120.3.977.

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CONWAY, STEPHEN. "BRITISH GOVERNMENTS, COLONIAL CONSUMERS, AND CONTINENTAL EUROPEAN GOODS IN THE BRITISH ATLANTIC EMPIRE, 1763–1775." Historical Journal 58, no. 3 (July 24, 2015): 711–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x14000557.

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ABSTRACTThis article looks at the attempts made by British governments after the Seven Years War to reduce colonial consumption of continental European manufactures. It begins by sketching the pre-war background, focusing first on the availability of European goods in North America and the Caribbean and then on British debates about foreign commodity penetration of the Atlantic colonies. The next part charts the emergence after 1763 of a political consensus in London on the need to give British goods added advantage in American markets. The article goes on to suggest reasons for the forming of this consensus, and finally considers the success of the measures introduced by British governments to diminish colonial purchases of European products.

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Way, Peter. "The Global Seven Years War, 1754–1763: Britain and France in a Great Power Contest (review)." Canadian Historical Review 93, no. 4 (2012): 675–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/can.2012.0051.

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Macleod, Byrne. "Book Review: Royal Navy Officers of the Seven Years War: A Biographical Dictionary of Commissioned Officers 1748–1763." International Journal of Maritime History 32, no. 2 (May 2020): 514–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871420920957h.

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Shovlin, J. "Selling American Empire on the Eve of the Seven Years War: The French Propaganda Campaign of 1755-1756." Past & Present 206, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 121–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtp046.

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Brinkman-Schwartz, Anna. "The heart of the maritime world: London’s ‘mercantile’ coffee houses in the Seven Years’ War and the American War of Independence, 1756–83." Historical Research 94, no. 265 (May 21, 2021): 508–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htab018.

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Abstract This article focuses on the role of mercantile coffee houses during the Seven Years’ War and the American War of Independence. The purpose is to examine mercantile coffee houses as public and private spaces, and to examine why people chose them as spaces in which to conduct business. The article examines how London’s mercantile coffee houses enabled the maritime population to understand, and remain informed about, maritime affairs during both wars. This includes how their presence facilitated the co-ordination of transoceanic trade, how their existence concentrated people in one place, and how they helped facilitate maritime and naval logistics.

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Coats, Ann. "Crime and Punishment in the Royal Navy of the Seven Years’ War, 1755-1763 by Markus EderCrime and Punishment in the Royal Navy of the Seven Years’ War, 1755-1763 by Markus Eder. Aldershot, England, Ashgate Publishing, 2004. 200 pp. $99.95 US (cloth)." Canadian Journal of History 40, no. 2 (August 2005): 324–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.40.2.324.

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Steiner, Philippe. "Wealth and Power: Quesnay's Political Economy of the “Agricultural Kingdom”." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 24, no. 1 (March 2002): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10427710120115846.

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The Physiocrats “New Science” of Political Economy is often represented as unrelated to the pursuit of national power. A recent study (Fourquet 1989), which rests on the approaches of Fernand Braudel (1979) and Immanuel Wallerstein (1980), has radicalized the thesis already propounded by Edmond Silberner (1939) who claimed that Quesnay was profoundly ignorant of military matters and failed to understand the power struggles being played out on the seas and in the colonies. Did not Quesnay propose turning back to an agricultural economy, banishing industry, trade, and the navy—in short, all the active forces thanks to which Great Britain had snatched domination of the world economy from Holland and thanks to which she would prevent France from obtaining it?Yet this thesis is weak. It must be remembered that Quesnay's first economic writings date from 1756–57, that is to say a period when confrontation between France and England was at a peak, with the start of the Seven Years' War. How could an author who claims to de ne the economic government ofan agricultural nation ignore the military problems which were so crucial in this period? Even if he wanted to, how could he succeed in doing so once he came to deal with taxes and the highly sensitive question of finance? How could he make himself understood by his contemporaries with a political theory that set aside all the burning issues of the day? How could he find an audience among those developing the science of commerce who always accorded great importance to the pursuit of power?Under scrutiny the traditional thesis appears inaccurate. After recalling the writings of some of his contemporaries, whom Quesnay knew and read (section 1), I shall show that articles drafted between 1756 and 1757, like published or unpublished works which Mirabeau and Quesnay elaborated between 1757 and 1760, give significant room to the nation's military power, particularly when the economic government is in question (section 2). From the years 1763–64 the idea of a natural order does not lead Quesnay to neglect the pursuit of power (section 3). These links between power and wealth in the work of the founder of Physiocracy will lead finally to some remarks on political economy as a form of rationalization of politics.

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Poznakhirev, Vitaliy. "Food Supply of Captured Non-Commissioned Officers and Enlisted Men in Russia and Western Countries in the XVIIIth Century." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 2(62) (December 18, 2023): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-123-137.

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The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the procedure for providing food to military personnel of various nationalities captured in the wars of the XVIII century. The object of the article is prisoners interned in Russia, Austria, England, France, Prussia, Spain, Sweden and Turkey. The absence of such works in both domestic and foreign historiography indicates the novelty of the work, and its relevance is due to the fact that it allows us to expand and clarify our ideas about the place of Russia in the world in the early modern period. In the process of investigation, mainly historical-typological and historical-comparative method were used. The source base of the article consists of works published mainly abroad, and documents from six archives of the former USSR. In the course of the study, three key Western European models of food supply for prisoners were identified. The genesis and evolution of the corresponding Russian model are studied step by step. The article shows that the basis of the Russian model was based on the principle of equality of food provision for prisoners of war and Russian soldiers of the garrison troops. The article emphasizes that the Russian model was a synthesis of domestic and foreign experience and retained the best features from the practice of the Moscow state of the XVI–XVII centuries. The article proves that in terms of the quantity and assortment of food products released to prisoners (36 kg of bread and 2–3 kg of cereals per month), Russia surpassed any other European country until the middle of the XVIII century and only with the beginning of the Seven Years' War of 1756–1763 was inferior to the leadership of Great Britain and France (and even then only in terms of the assortment). According to the author, the Russian model of prisoners' nutrition was highly effective and could be easily adapted to any situation, including the ethnic and confessional characteristics of individual groups of prisoners of war.

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Fàbregas Roig, Josep. "El conflicto entre España e Inglaterra en el contexto de la Guerra de los Siete Años. La guerra de corso (1761-1763)." Roczniki Humanistyczne 67, no. 2 (July 24, 2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2019.67.2-7.

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In the following part of the article we present the incidents that arose between England and Spain in the final stage of the Seven Years’ War. After the two sides of the conflict declared war, they continued with their corsair actions that had already started earlier, together with the cosequent attacks on boats and taking prisoners concerning the both sides. With respect to the boats, we present the details concerning the place of their capture, their description, the goods transported and the crew; regarding the prisoners, we examine the place of their stay and the estimated costs of their maintainance. Finally, the comparative analysis of their situation on each territory is discussed.

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Kaizer, Nicholas James. "Cy Harrison, Royal Navy Officers of the Seven Years War: A Biographical Dictionary of Commissioned Officers 1748-1763 by Nicholas James Kaizer." Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord 32, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2561-5467.927.

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Parmenter, Jon. "Empires at War: The Seven Years' War and the Struggle for North America, 1754-1763, and: White Devil: A True Story of War, Savagery, and Vengeance in Colonial America (review)." Canadian Historical Review 87, no. 1 (2006): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/can.2006.0032.

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Satskyi, Pavlo. "Projects waterways seas in the Soviet Union at the Dnipro as an extension of the concept Intermarium after World War II." European Historical Studies, no. 5 (2016): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2016.05.97-111.

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The author of the article has been analysing the problems, which had important significance for the new and modern history and for the system of international relations in the Central Europe, i.e. the realisation of the project of uniting of the Baltic and Black Seas as a single political project. It was the well-known idea of the Intermarium, which was popular in the political history for a number of decades and was used by the Polish foreign policy. However, a similar idea was also born in Russia during the Seven Years’ War in the years of 1756-1763. The idea of uniting of the Baltic and Black Seas in terms of the single political 111 project was also relevant in the 20th century before the beginning of the World War II.However, after the end of the war it has gained new technocratic meaning in theUSSR. In USSR the project of the uniting the Baltic and Black Seas was being implemented, into which this country had a relatively easy exit after the integration of the Baltic states by means of the creation of water transport route from the Dnieper. The beginning of the realisation of this idea was building of The Kakhovka Hydroelectric Station and the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimea channels. In terms of the realisation of this project there were also plans to create the connection of the Dnieper channel with the Azov Sea. In the process of the discussions related to the question of the expediency of building of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimea channels, which took place in 1952, the building of the channel uniting Dnieper with the Azov Sea remained among the top questions for discussions. But there was one controversial question related to the orientation of the before mentioned channel, i.e. according to the Meridian or parallelly, that is parallelly to the Sivash, which separated the Crimea from the mainland. In 1954 the Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian SSR suggested the project of the uniting of the Baltic Sea with the Black Sea in terms of the creating of the Waterways System in the European part of the USSR. All technical projects related to the uniting of the Baltic Sea with the Black Sea with the help of highways remained to be the ideas only. However, one can notice the strategical importance of the development of these ideas and the geopolitical role of the Dnieper river and Sivash, which are strategically interrelated projects.

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McCORMACK, MATTHEW. "CITIZENSHIP, NATIONHOOD, AND MASCULINITY IN THE AFFAIR OF THE HANOVERIAN SOLDIER, 1756." Historical Journal 49, no. 4 (November 24, 2006): 971–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x0600570x.

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This article explores mid-Georgian debates about the nature of citizenship by focusing on a key political scandal that has hitherto been overlooked by modern historians. In 1756, one of the many Hanoverian soldiers who were stationed in England was arrested for theft in Maidstone. The subsequent efforts to release him on the part of his military superiors and the British government created a political controversy that highlighted issues such as legal liberty, the abuse of executive power, home defence policy, and the moral state of the nation. In particular, this article argues that the furore gave weight to contemporary calls to reform the militia, not so much for instrumental military reasons, but for the supposed social and political benefits of an organization that relied upon the patriotic zeal and masculine virtue of the indigenous citizen. This article is therefore a contribution to the new cultural histories of politics that emphasize the roles of nation and gender in conceptions of citizenship, and argues that the Seven Years War was in this respect a moment of crucial importance.

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