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1

Vance, Laura. "Rejecting Women’s Ordination." Nova Religio 21, no. 1 (2017): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2017.21.1.85.

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The July 2015 meeting of the Adventist General Conference was dominated by an often contentious debate about women’s ordination. Though founded by a female charismatic leader, Adventists were contesting women’s ordination by at least 1881, and the contemporary denomination has studied the question for more than four decades. Tension has burgeoned in recent years as some regional Seventh-day Adventist unions have ordained women despite the lack of movement-wide policy change. In July 2015, as delegates deliberated on a motion to allow each division of the world church to decide the question of women’s ordination for itself, the gathering saw an unusual degree of discord, and this disagreement about gender and women’s roles spilled over from the ordination debate into discussions of other agenda items. Despite a “No” vote on the motion, the controversy surrounding women’s ordination persists in Adventism.
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2

Dudley, Roger L. "How Seventh-Day Adventist Lay Members View Women Pastors." Review of Religious Research 38, no. 2 (1996): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3512337.

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3

Hunt, I. F., N. J. Murphy, and C. Henderson. "Food and nutrient intake of Seventh-day Adventist women." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48, no. 3 (1988): 850–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/48.3.850.

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4

Vance, Laura L. "DENOMINATIONALISM AND CHANGING GENDER IDEALS IN THE ADVENTIST REVIEW: AN EXAMINATION OF WEBER'S THEORY OF RELIGION OF THE DISPRIVILEGED CLASSES." Nova Religio 1, no. 1 (1997): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.1997.1.1.50.

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ABSTRACT: This article employs a content analysis of the Adventist Review to explore Seventh-day Adventist denominational change and concomitant delimitation of women's roles and expectations in the denomination. It uses Weber's theory of the religion of non-privileged classes in order to consider denominational change and attendant advocation of specific gender ideals and proscriptions for Adventist women. The paper finds that early in its history Adventism defined itself in opposition to secular society, and that in the context of this definition by distinction, Adventist women were encouraged to assume positions of public religious responsibility not available to them in secular society. Following the turn of the century and especially during the 1950s and 1960s, as Adventist culture adopted an accommodating response to other denominations and secular society, the Review promoted conventional secular notions of gender appropriate activity, relegating men to the "bread-winner" role and discouraging women from engaging in wage labor, or religious activity outside of the domestic sphere. As suggested by Weber's theory of religion of non-privileged classes, examination of the Adventist Review illustrates the way in which Adventist leadership shifted from advocating ideals inconsistent with those promulgated in the wider society, when Adventist culture most emphasized its distinction, only to later embrace secular expectations of gender when the denomination adopted a more accommodating response to other denominations and secular society.
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5

Nieman, David C., Bruce C. Underwood, Kathleen M. Sherman, et al. "Dietary status of Seventh-Day Adventist vegetarian and non-vegetarian elderly women." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 89, no. 12 (1989): 1763–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(21)02465-2.

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6

Hernandez, Barbara C., and Colwick M. Wilson. "Another Kind of Ambiguous Loss: Seventh-day Adventist Women in Mixed-Orientation Marriages." Family Relations 56, no. 2 (2007): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2007.00451.x.

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7

Kim, Eun-Young Julia. "When Women Reject Women’s Ordination: Reframing and Semanticizing in the Speeches of Two Female Seventh-day Adventists." Feminist Theology 29, no. 1 (2020): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0966735020944895.

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This study analyzes two public speeches of two North-American Seventh-day Adventist women who oppose women’s ordination, in order to understand how they reconcile inequity perpetuated by their religious position that denigrates women. The two women in this study address the apparent disadvantage by reframing the issue and reordering their reality. Whereas one speaker creates other formidable sub-issues that make exclusion of women from church leadership imperative, the other speaker resorts to the elusive notion of female privilege. I demonstrate how their discourse surrounding ministry and headship illuminates the fact that gender relations and religious convictions are ordered through permeable boundaries of arbitrary lexico-semantics.
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8

Tonstad, Serena, Karen Jaceldo-Siegl, Mark Messina, Ella Haddad, and Gary E. Fraser. "The association between soya consumption and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations in the Adventist Health Study-2." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 8 (2015): 1464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015002943.

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AbstractObjectiveConsumers may choose soya foods as healthful alternatives to animal products, but concern has arisen that eating large amounts of soya may adversely affect thyroid function. The present study aimed to examine the association between soya food consumption and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in North American churchgoers belonging to the Seventh-day Adventist denomination that encourages vegetarianism.DesignParticipants completed six repeated 24 h dietary recalls within a 6-month period. Soya protein and soya isoflavone intakes were estimated, and their relationships to TSH concentrations measured at the end of 6 months were calculated using logistic regression analyses.SettingCalibration sub-study of the Adventist Health Study-2.SubjectsWomen (n 548) and men (n 295) who were not taking thyroid medications.ResultsIn men, age and urinary iodine concentrations were associated with high serum TSH concentrations (>5 mIU/l), while among women White ethnicity was associated with high TSH. In multivariate models adjusted for age, ethnicity and urinary iodine, soya isoflavone and protein intakes were not associated with high TSH in men. In women higher soya isoflavone consumption was associated with higher TSH, with an adjusted odds ratio (highest v. lowest quintile) of 4·17 (95 % CI 1·73, 10·06). Likewise, women with high consumption of soya protein (midpoint of highest quintile, 11 g/d) v. low consumption (midpoint of lowest quintile, 0 g/d) carried increased odds of high TSH (OR=2·69; 95 % CI 1·34, 5·30).ConclusionsIn women high consumption of soya was associated with elevated TSH concentrations. No associations between soya intake and TSH were found in men.
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9

Alshahrani, Saeed, Gary Fraser, Joan Sabaté, et al. "Red and Processed Meat and Mortality in a Low Meat Intake Population." Nutrients 11, no. 3 (2019): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030622.

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Associations of low-to-moderate consumption of red and processed meat with mortality would add to the evidence of possible adverse effects of these common foods. This study aims to investigate the association of red and processed meat intake with mortality. The Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) is a prospective cohort study of ~96,000 Seventh-day Adventist men and women recruited in the US and Canada between 2002 and 2007. The final analytic sample after exclusions was 72,149. Cox proportional hazards regression was used and hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI) were obtained. Diet was assessed by a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), calibrated using six 24-h dietary recalls. Mortality outcome data were obtained from the National Death Index. During a mean follow-up of 11.8 years, there were 7961 total deaths, of which 2598 were Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) deaths and 1873 were cancer deaths. Unprocessed red meat was associated with risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.07–1.31) and CVD mortality (HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05–1.50). Processed meat alone was not significantly associated with risk of mortality. The combined intake of red and processed meat was associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.11–1.36) and CVD mortality (HR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12–1.60). These findings suggest moderately higher risks of all-cause and CVD mortality associated with red and processed meat in a low meat intake population.
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10

Fraser, Gary, Sozina Katuli, Ramtin Anousheh, Synnove Knutsen, Patti Herring, and Jing Fan. "Vegetarian diets and cardiovascular risk factors in black members of the Adventist Health Study-2." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 3 (2014): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014000263.

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AbstractObjectiveTo compare cardiovascular risk factors between vegetarians and non-vegetarians in black individuals living in the USA.DesignA cross-sectional analysis of a sub-set of 592 black women and men enrolled in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) cohort of Seventh-day Adventists.SettingMembers of the AHS-2 cohort, who lived in all states of the USA and provinces of Canada.SubjectsBlack/African-American members of two sub-studies of AHS-2 where blood and physiological measurements were obtained.ResultsOf these women and men, 25 % were either vegan or lacto-ovo-vegetarians (labelled ‘vegetarian/vegans’), 13 % were pesco-vegetarian and 62 % were non-vegetarian. Compared with non-vegetarians, the vegetarian/vegans had odds ratios for hypertension, diabetes, high blood total cholesterol and high blood LDL-cholesterol of 0·56 (95 % CI 0·36, 0·87), 0·48 (95 % CI 0·24, 0·98), 0·42 (95 % CI 0·27, 0·65) and 0·54 (95 % CI 0·33, 0·89), respectively, when adjusted for age, gender, education, physical activity and sub-study. Corresponding odds ratios for obesity in vegetarian/vegans and pesco-vegetarians, compared with non-vegetarians, were 0·43 (95 % CI 0·28, 0·67) and 0·47 (95 % CI 0·27, 0·81), respectively; and for abdominal obesity 0·54 (95 % CI 0·36, 0·82) and 0·50 (95 % CI 0·29, 0·84), respectively. Results for pesco-vegetarians did not differ significantly from those of non-vegetarians for other variables. Further adjustment for BMI suggested that BMI acts as an intermediary variable between diet and both hypertension and diabetes.ConclusionsAs with non-blacks, these results suggest that there are sizeable advantages to a vegetarian diet in black individuals also, although a cross-sectional analysis cannot conclusively establish cause.
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11

Flagg, Elaine W., Ralph J. Coates, Dean P. Jones, et al. "Plasma total glutathione in humans and its association with demographic and health-related factors." British Journal of Nutrition 70, no. 3 (1993): 797–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19930175.

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The tripeptide glutathione is proposed to be protective against a number of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, there have been few studies of plasma glutathione levels in humans and in those studies the numbers of participants have been very small. In an exploratory analysis the determinants of plasma total glutathione (GSHt) were investigated in a group of 100 volunteers aged 18–61 years in Atlanta, Georgia, USA during June and July 1989. Data on demographic and health-related factors were collected by interview and plasma GSHt was measured using a recently modified laboratory method. The mean concentration of plasma GSHt for all 100 participants was 761 μg/l, with a standard deviation of 451 μg/l, a range of 86–2889 μg/1 and a median of 649 μg/l. Men had significantly higher levels of plasma GSHt than women (924 v. 692 μg/l; P = 0·006). Seventh-day Adventists participating in the present study had higher plasma GSHt levels than other subgroups defined by race and/or religion. Among Seventh-day Adventists consumption of a vegetarian diet was associated with increased plasma GSHt concentration (P = 0·002). Plasma GSHt levels also appeared to vary by race, but relationships with race could not be clearly disassociated from relationships with religion. Among white participants plasma GSHt concentration decreased with age in women but increased with age in men (P = 0·05). Few other factors were associated with plasma GSHt concentration, although use of oral contraceptives (P = 0·10) was somewhat associated with decreased plasma GSHt levels. These findings suggest that plasma GSHt levels may vary with several demographic and health-related attributes and support the need for further research on this potentially important disease-preventive compound.
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12

Michgelsen, Jessica, Daniel Boateng, Karlijn A. C. Meeks, et al. "Association between Practising Religion and Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Ghanaian Non-Migrants and Migrants in Europe: The RODAM Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (2021): 2451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052451.

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(1) Background: Sub-Saharan African migrants residing in high-income countries are more affected by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and associated risk factors than host populations for unclear reasons. The aim was to explore the associations of religion and religious affiliations with CVD risk among Ghanaian non-migrants and migrants in Europe. (2) Methods: The 10-year CVD risk was estimated using pooled cohort equations for 3004 participants from the cross-sectional Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess associations between religion and elevated CVD risk (score ≥ 7.5) with adjustment for covariates. (3) Results: Religious men in Europe had a lower 10-year CVD risk compared with non-religious men (adjusted OR 0.51; 95% confidence interval 0.30–0.85), specifically men affiliated with Seventh-Day Adventism (0.24; 0.11–0.53) followed by other affiliations (0.32; 0.11–0.94) and Roman Catholicism (0.42; 0.21–0.86). The opposite was found in Ghana, with religious women having higher odds for elevated 10-year CVD risk (1.53; 1.02–2.30) compared with their non-religious counterparts, specifically women affiliated with Reformed Christianity (1.73; 1.03–2.90) and other denominations (2.81; 1.20–6.54). Associations were not significant for men in Ghana and women in Europe. Adjustments for social support, stress, and health behaviors did not meaningfully alter the associations. (4) Conclusions: Christian religious Ghanaian men living in Europe seem to have lower CVD risk compared with their non-religious counterparts, while Christian religious women in Ghana appear to have increased CVD risk. Further unravelling the contributing factors and the differences between sex and environmental settings is needed.
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13

Lagat, Rebecca J. "A voice from the margins: Investigating the African Adventist rationale on the quest for female ordination." Verbum et Ecclesia 37, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v37i1.1585.

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Discussions surrounding women�s ordination reached a peak with the 60th General Conference Session (GCS 2015) of the Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) Church. A report compiled by a section of delegates from the East-Central Africa Division � Biblical Research Committee indicated that this continent was not yet ready to ordain women as pastors. In light of the report, this article aims to investigate the rationale of such a stark decision. Firstly, the report shows that African Adventist women theologians were omitted from the discussions � a lack of good will from the church leadership towards the females as the majority of the membership. Secondly, the decision against ordination of women is suspect and biblically inconclusive. Through an overview of literature on a biblical missional design, the article postulates: Contextualisation and theologising are necessary for Africa, but the SDA Church must remember that globally both theology and culture are subject to the biblical guidelines, and thus to God�s missio Dei as well.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article balances cultural contextualism and gender relations � challenging a cultural bias through a missional hermeneutic. This can lead to fairer representation of African women in Adventist church structures and reroute the equality discourse in light of the missio Dei. The study intersects with cultural theory, social analysis and biblical hermeneutics.�
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14

Wright, Carmen N., Karen Jaceldo-Siegl, Andrew Mashchak, Pramil N. Singh, and Gary E. Fraser. "Validation of estimated glycaemic index and glycaemic load, stratified by race, in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2)." Public Health Nutrition, January 8, 2021, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020003778.

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Abstract Objective: Few studies have validated FFQ estimates of dietary glycaemic index (GI) and load (GL). We investigated how well our estimates of overall GI and GL from FFQs correlate with estimates from repeated 24 h recall data to validate overall GI and GL in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2). Design: The AHS-2 is a prospective population-based cohort of 95 873 Seventh-day Adventist adult church members enrolled from 2002 to 2007 to investigate diet, cancer and mortality. Setting: A 204-item FFQ was used to assess race- and gender-specific validity of GI and GL and 24 h recall data, from the calibration sub-study, were used as the reference. Participants: The 734 calibration study participants were randomly selected by church and included approximately equal numbers of blacks and whites but were otherwise similar to the whole cohort with respect to gender, age, education and vegetarian status. Results: The deattenuated correlation coefficients for overall GI ranged from 0·19 (95 % CI −0·06, 0·53) in black men to 0·46 (95 % CI 0·40, 0·60) in black women, with both non-black men and women falling between those values (0·45 (95 % CI 0·35, 0·65) and 0·38 (95 % CI 0·27, 0·57), respectively). GL correlations were somewhat higher for all study participants. When looking at the entire cohort, the deattenuated validity correlation value for overall GI was (r 0·38, 95 % CI 0·36, 0·47) and GL was (r 0·39, 95 % CI 0·34, 0·49). Conclusions: Our findings support the cautious use of our FFQ in epidemiological studies when assessing associations of overall GI and GL with disease risk. However, observed differences by race should be considered when interpreting results.
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15

Wright, Carmen N., Karen Jaceldo-Siegl, Andrew Mashchak, Pramil N. Singh, and Gary E. Fraser. "Validation of estimated glycaemic index and glycaemic load, stratified by race, in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2)." Public Health Nutrition, January 8, 2021, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020003778.

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Abstract Objective: Few studies have validated FFQ estimates of dietary glycaemic index (GI) and load (GL). We investigated how well our estimates of overall GI and GL from FFQs correlate with estimates from repeated 24 h recall data to validate overall GI and GL in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2). Design: The AHS-2 is a prospective population-based cohort of 95 873 Seventh-day Adventist adult church members enrolled from 2002 to 2007 to investigate diet, cancer and mortality. Setting: A 204-item FFQ was used to assess race- and gender-specific validity of GI and GL and 24 h recall data, from the calibration sub-study, were used as the reference. Participants: The 734 calibration study participants were randomly selected by church and included approximately equal numbers of blacks and whites but were otherwise similar to the whole cohort with respect to gender, age, education and vegetarian status. Results: The deattenuated correlation coefficients for overall GI ranged from 0·19 (95 % CI −0·06, 0·53) in black men to 0·46 (95 % CI 0·40, 0·60) in black women, with both non-black men and women falling between those values (0·45 (95 % CI 0·35, 0·65) and 0·38 (95 % CI 0·27, 0·57), respectively). GL correlations were somewhat higher for all study participants. When looking at the entire cohort, the deattenuated validity correlation value for overall GI was (r 0·38, 95 % CI 0·36, 0·47) and GL was (r 0·39, 95 % CI 0·34, 0·49). Conclusions: Our findings support the cautious use of our FFQ in epidemiological studies when assessing associations of overall GI and GL with disease risk. However, observed differences by race should be considered when interpreting results.
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16

Büssing, Arndt, Lorethy Starck, and Klaus van Treeck. "Experience of Spiritual Dryness and Acedia Symptoms in Seventh-Day Adventists." Journal of Religion and Health, November 2, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01092-7.

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Abstract In a cross-sectional survey among 626 Adventists, we investigated their perception of spiritual dryness, and its association with indicators of Acedia, well-being and emotional exhaustion. Women, younger persons and those without a specific duty within the church had significantly higher spiritual dryness scores. Spiritual dryness was predicted best by perceived Excessive Spiritual Demands (indicating spiritual exhaustion) and low perception of the sacred. Further predictors are Acedia’s Difficulties in Prayer Life, reduced well-being and emotional exhaustion. The underlying causes might be complex and thus to support persons experiencing these phases, a thorough differentiation of the underlying ‘spirits’ is required.
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