Relevant bibliographies by topics / Severe and persistent mental disorders

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Severe and persistent mental disorders'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 May 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Severe and persistent mental disorders"

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Ruggeri, Mirella, Morven Leese, Graham Thornicroft, Giulia Bisoffi, and Michele Tansella. "Definition and prevalence of severe and persistent mental illness." British Journal of Psychiatry 177, no. 2 (August 2000): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.177.2.149.

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BackgroundThere is little consistency in how severe mental illness (SMI) is defined in practice, and no operational definitions.AimsTo test two operationalised definitions, based on the National Institute of Mental Health (1987) definition: the first uses three criteria (diagnosis of psychosis; duration of service contact ≥ 2 years; GAF score ≤ 50), the second only the last two.MethodAnnual prevalence rates of SMI in two European catchment areas for each criterion and the criteria combined were calculated.ResultsThe first definition produced rates of 2.55 and 1.34/1000 in London and Verona, respectively; the second permitted an additional 0.98/1000 non-psychotic disorders to be included in Verona.ConclusionsThe three-dimensional definition selects a small group of patients with SMI who have psychotic disorders. The two-dimensional approach allows estimates of SMI prevalence rates which include all forms of mental disorder.
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Alakeson, Vidhya, Richard G. Frank, and Ruth E. Katz. "Specialty Care Medical Homes For People With Severe, Persistent Mental Disorders." Health Affairs 29, no. 5 (May 2010): 867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0080.

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Whiteford, Harvey, Bill Buckingham, Meredith Harris, Sandra Diminic, Emily Stockings, and Louisa Degenhardt. "Estimating the number of adults with severe and persistent mental illness who have complex, multi-agency needs." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 51, no. 8 (December 21, 2016): 799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867416683814.

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Objective: A population health approach to mental health service planning requires estimates that align interventions with the needs of people with mental illness. The primary objective was to estimate the number of people in Australia living with severe and persistent mental illness who have complex, multi-agency needs. The secondary objective was to describe the possible service needs of individuals with severe mental illness. Methods: We disaggregated the estimated 12-month prevalence of adults with severe mental illness into needs-based sub-groups, using multiple data sources. Possible service needs of 1825 adults with psychotic disorders and 334 adults with severe past-year affective and/or anxiety disorders were described using data from the 2010 Survey of High Impact Psychosis and 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, respectively. Results: Using best available data, we estimated that 3.3% of adults experience a severe mental illness each year, of whom one-third (1.1% of adults) experience a persistent mental illness that requires ongoing services to address residual disability. Among those with severe and persistent mental illness, one-third of adults (0.4% or 59,000 adults in 2015) have complex needs requiring multi-agency support to maximise their health, housing, social participation and personal functioning. Survey of High Impact Psychosis data indicated that among adults with psychotic disorders, use of accommodation (40%), non-government (30%) services and receipt of income support (85%) services were common, as were possible needs for support with socialising, personal care and employment. National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing data indicated that among individuals with severe affective and anxiety disorders, receipt of income support (37%) was common (information on accommodation and non-government support services was not available), as were possible needs for financial management and employment support. Conclusion: Agreed indicators of complex, multi-agency needs are required to refine these estimates. Closer alignment of information collected about possible service needs across epidemiological surveys is needed.
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Makushkina, O. A., O. I. Gurina, A. V. Frolova, and V. A. Golenkova. "Clinical and Neurochemical Characteristics of Mentally Ill Patients with Aggressive Misconduct." Doctor.Ru 22, no. 6 (2023): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2023-22-6-15-20.

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Aim: To analyse clinical, biochemical and social characteristics of patients with severe mental disorders and aggressive behaviour. Design: observational cross-sectional study. Materials and methods. We examined 110 patients of 18–60 years of age with severe mental disorders and persistent aggressive behavior who committed acts of violence. For examination, we used clinical psychopathologic, psychometric, laboratory, mathematical and statistical methods. Results. The subjects had disturbed upbringing with signs of violence, undereducation, family and occupational maladaptation, conflict relations with people around them, financial insecurity. Clinically, they demonstrated marked behavioural disorders with explosive episodes associated with hetero-aggressive trends, with decreased intellectual and volitional control and lack of compliance. There were statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in biological parameters of a majority of patients vs. reference values and correlation between psychometric and biochemical data. Conclusion. The results contribute to the identification of predictors of socially dangerous violent behaviour in persons with severe mental disorders. Keywords: severe mental disorders, aggressive behaviour, violent misconduct, predictors of social danger.
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Trachsel, M., and R. Jox. "Ethics of pad in mental disorders." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.116.

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Involuntary psychiatric hospitalization for suicide prevention and physician assistance in dying (PAD) for patients with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) combine to create a moral tension. Switzerland has the longest history of non-medicalized assistance in dying, considered as a civil right even beyond pathological situations. The debate in Switzerland centers on the notion of suffering in the context of PAD. In 2018, the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences revised their end-of-life policy stipulating intolerable suffering due to severe illness or functional limitations and acknowledged as such by the physician as a core criterion for PAD. However, we argue that suffering is a necessary but insufficient condition for PAD, the other criteria being decision-making capacity (DMC) and refractoriness of the suffering. Moreover, we hold that suffering is a subjective experience that can only be quantified by the patient and cannot be compared between two persons in an objective way. According to this concept, however, some patients with SPMI, refractory suffering, and preserved DMC will meet the criteria for PAD. Therefore, we call for palliative care approaches in psychiatry which includes relief of suffering as much as possible, but also accepting PAD after a conscientious assessment of the criteria.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Lindblad, Anna, Gert Helgesson, and Manne Sjöstrand. "Towards a palliative care approach in psychiatry: do we need a new definition?" Journal of Medical Ethics 45, no. 1 (September 28, 2018): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-104944.

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Psychiatry today is mainly practised within a curative framework. However, many mental disorders are persistent and negatively affect quality of life as well as life expectancy. This tension between treatment goals and the actual illness trajectory has evoked a growing academic interest in ‘palliative psychiatry’, namely the application of a palliative care approach in patients with severe persistent mental illness. Recently, Trachsel et al presented a working definition of palliative psychiatry. This first official attempt to capture the concept is based on WHO’s widely accepted definition of palliative care but modified and limited to include only severe persistent psychiatric illness. While this is a welcome step in the discussion on palliative care approaches in psychiatry, it also opens up for new questions. One of the most evident is whether psychiatry actually needs its own definition of palliative care or, put differently, whether there is something about mental disorders that differs so radically from other medical conditions that it calls for a separate definition. We acknowledge the need to discuss the goals of psychiatric care in patients with severe persistent psychiatric illness. However, we question whether a separate definition of palliative care exclusive to psychiatry is the right way to go. In this paper, we discuss why.
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Lesage, Alain D., Daniel Gélinas, David Robitaille, Éric Dion, Diane Frezza, and Raymond Morissette. "Toward Benchmarks for Tertiary Care for Adults with Severe and Persistent Mental Disorders." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 48, no. 7 (August 2003): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370304800710.

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Background: Scarce attention has been paid to establishing benchmarks for tertiary care for adults with severe mental disorders. Yet, the availability and efficient utilization of residential resources partly determines the capacity of a comprehensive system of care to avoid clogging ever-shrinking acute care bed facilities. Objectives: To describe the actual utilization of and projected needs for residential resources, one part of tertiary care, in the catchment area of a psychiatric hospital in east-end Montreal. To compare results obtained against actual utilization and projected needs evaluated in other Canadian provinces and in other countries, with a view to establishing national benchmarks. Methods: Two surveys were undertaken to establish the number of places in these facilities that were utilized and needed for adults aged 18 to 65 years with severe mental disorders, without a primary diagnosis of mental retardation or organic brain syndrome, and originally from the catchment area. A first survey ascertained the number of places utilized and of those needed for residential care among all long-stay inpatients and all adults in supervised residential facilities. A second survey identified the need for such long-stay hospitalization, nursing homes, and supervised facilities as an alternative or as a complement to hospitalization among acute care inpatients. Results: The actual ratio of places in long-stay hospital units, nursing homes, and supervised residential facilities was 150:100 000 inhabitants. The ideal ratio, according to estimated needs, is 171:100 000. The figure breakdown is as follows: 20:100 000 for long-stay hospital units, 20:100 000 for nursing homes, 40:100 000 for group homes, 40:100 000 for private hostels or foster families, and 51:100 000 for supervised apartments. The needs of this urban, blue-collar population for supervised residential places hovered in the upper range of utilization and standards for European countries and within the proposed standards for Canadian provinces. Discussion: Needs for long-stay hospitalization or for supervised residential facilities cannot be treated as absolute. For example, evaluation conducted in this hospital-led system of psychiatric care may produce higher estimates of institutional care. Comparing actual utilization and projected needs in this urban catchment area with current utilization in other jurisdictions in Canada and Europe should contribute to establishing sound national benchmarks within ranges. Conclusions: It is possible to establish benchmarks that guide the development of supervised residential settings to best meet the needs of the population of adults with severe and persistent mental disorders. The methods used here to assess needs should serve as guidelines for future research, because they were designed to contain the bias of over- or underprovision of care in the current utilization.
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Arns, Paul G., and Jean Ann Linney. "Work, self, and life satisfaction for persons with severe and persistent mental disorders." Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal 17, no. 2 (October 1993): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0095599.

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Lehman, A. F. "Measures of quality of life among persons with severe and persistent mental disorders." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 31, no. 2 (1996): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00801903.

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Cook, Fallon, Laura J. Conway, Rebecca Giallo, Deirdre Gartland, Emma Sciberras, and Stephanie Brown. "Infant sleep and child mental health: a longitudinal investigation." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 7 (March 9, 2020): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-318014.

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ObjectiveTo determine whether infants with severe persistent sleep problems are at increased risk of (1) meeting diagnostic criteria for a psychiatric disorder (age 10 years), and (2) having elevated symptoms of mental health difficulties (ages 4 and 10 years), in comparison with infants with settled sleep.Design and settingProspective longitudinal community cohort study—the Maternal Health Study. Mothers completed questionnaires/interviews at 15 weeks' gestation; 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post partum; and when their child turned 4 and 10 years old. Measures included parental report of infant night waking and sleep problems and child mental health (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale; Development and Well-being Assessment).Participants1460 mother-infant dyads.Results283 (19.4%) infants had persistent severe sleep problems, 817 (56.0%) had moderate/fluctuating sleep problems and 360 (24.7%) infants were settled. Infants with persistent severe sleep problems were more likely to report emotional symptoms at age 4 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.70, 95% CI 1.21 to 6.05, p=0.02), and meet diagnostic criteria for an emotional disorder at age 10 (AOR=2.37, 95% CI 1.05 to 5.36, p=0.04). Infants with persistent severe sleep problems also had elevated symptoms of separation anxiety (AOR=2.44, 95% CI 1.35 to 4.41, p<0.01), fear of physical injury (AOR=2.14, 95% CI 1.09 to 4.18, p=0.03) and overall elevated anxiety (AOR=2.20, 95% CI 1.13 to 4.29, p=0.02) at age 10.ConclusionsInfants with persistent severe sleep problems during the first postnatal year have an increased risk of anxiety problems and emotional disorders at age 10.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Severe and persistent mental disorders"

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Topor, Alain. "Managing the contradictions : Recovery from severe mental disorders." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-37506.

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One of the assumptions made when mental problems are defined as a medical problem is that certain problems, certain diagnoses, are chronic. Nevertheless, a substantial number of follow-up studies have shown that the course of development in patients with these diagnoses is neither uniform nor chronic. The aim of this dissertation is to summarise the state of the art in the knowledge about recovery from severe mental disorders and to examine in depth which factors people who have recovered regard as having helped them in their recovery, and in which ways. These two aims have resulted in two separate but complementary presentations of results. The review of the state of the art, which focuses on the diagnosis schizophrenia, shows that some two-thirds of the patients who received this diagnosis have recovered, either totally or socially. The variation in the percentage of persons who have recovered is explained in the study by such factors as fluctuations in national and local unemployment rates, in definitions of the diagnoses and in access to psychiatric care. On the other hand, the introduction of various treatment interventions seems to have had no noticeable effect on the recovery rate, although it has affected the relapse frequency. There is still a long way to go towards understanding the recovery process and how it can be facilitated. The interview study with persons who have been treated for severe mental disorders and recovered show the patients themselves to be a crucial factor in their own recovery. Throughout the whole course of the disorder, they struggle to find ways to manage both their symptoms and the factors that cause them. What appears to others as symptoms might instead be theperson’s unsuccessful attempts to manage existential problems. Entering into and maintaining relationships with other people is another crucial factor in recovery work. Professionals from a variety of backgrounds as well as family members and other laypersons can contribute to recovery, first and foremost in that they represent continuity between diverse facets of the person’s life; they engage with the person in his/her full complexity, not as someone reduced to a diagnosis and a given patient role, nor by denying the fact of the person’s suffering. Still another factor in recovery work is material conditions which impact on the person’s possibility to regain an identity as a full member of the community. Lastly, the descriptions that the respondents give of their recovery practice have certain constructed meanings in common. These meanings can be categorised as medical, therapeutic, spiritual and interactional. In many of the life stories collected in this study, several of these categories of meaning appear in unison, co-existing in one and the same life story. There is a recurrent theme running through these practice stories of recovery: that people in their everyday lives are not reducible to their problems, but at the same time these problems must not be denied. That people have both weaknesses and strengths, sometimes existing within the same spheres of life and occurring simultaneously; but that in relationships with other people they are given scope to manage and live with these contradictions is of central importance for recovery practice.
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Drake, Rachel Mari’. "Effects of severe and persistent mental illness on maximal aerobic capacity." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3950.

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Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) is a good indicator of overall health and is commonly measured in the general population, but often goes overlooked in individuals with SMI. Previous studies involving exercise and SMI focus mainly on self-perception and mood. Only one study has measured the VO2max in this select population while promoting exercise and dietary changes. Purpose: To assess the maximum aerobic capacity, weight, and body fat percentage (BF%) in individuals with SMI. Methods: Weight, BF%, and VO2max were measured prior to wellness intervention (pre) and following wellness intervention (post). Forty-nine individuals (27=male, 22=female) with a mean age of 43±13.20 years of age and a diagnosis meeting the criteria for severe and persistent mental illness (SMI) were assessed. SMI classification among the subjects as follows: schizophrenia (n=11), bipolar disorder (n=17), schizoaffective disorder (n=14), major depressive disorder (n=7). Results: No significant difference was observed between baseline and endpoint measurements of BF% in all diagnoses except MDD. Males with MDD benefited from a wellness intervention with a significantly lower BF% (p(.036);p<0.05). A wellness intervention did not increase in the VO2max in individuals with SMI (p(.0358);p<0.05). Individuals with SMI continually rated in the very poor to poor section for VO2max. Conclusion: Individuals with SMI tend to have low aerobic capacity and high body fat percentage. Individuals in the current study did not benefit from a wellness intervention in terms of BF% and VO2max except males with MDD. Males with MDD significantly lowered their BF% following a wellness intervention.
Thesis (M.Ed.)--Wichita State University, College of Education, Dept. of Human Performance Studies.
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Vaughan, Hillary A. Faulk. "Effects of an intermediate care program for inmates with severe persistent mental illnesses." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-2/vaughanh/hillaryvaughan.pdf.

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Pasmeny, Gloria A., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "Social support and quality of life in adults with severe and persistent mental illness." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 2008, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/780.

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The current study investigated the relationship between social support and quality of life (QoL) as well as social support and community functioning among persons with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI). Empirical data from Phase II of the Continuity of Mental Health Services (COMHS) Study of Alberta (Adair, Wild, Joyce, McDougall, Gordon, et al., 2003) were used to comprehensively examine these variables among a broad-based sample of 301 people with SPMI receiving a mix of inpatient, outpatient, and community services. Multiple measures administered in Phase II of the COMHS research program provided comprehensive data on QoL (i.e., disease-specific and generic QoL), functioning (i.e., community ability), and objective (OSS) and subjective (SSS) measures of social support. Higher ratings of both OSS and SSS were associated with better QoL and functioning at outcome. Participant ratings of objective dimensions of their own social support were shown to be most important in determining life quality and functioning at outcome. Of the two SSS variables, the one most predictive of life quality was the participants’ sense of the provision and receipt of social support. Clinician-rated OSS was a significant predictor of QoL only for participants who rated social support availability as poor. The results of this study may inform policy development, planning, and resource allocation for community treatment programs in Alberta and elsewhere, as there is widespread support both provincially and nationally for increasing community support services and decreasing the number and length of inpatient admissions (Kirby & Keon, 2006). A better understanding of the relative impact of social support variables is essential for further development of effective psychosocial rehabilitation programming.
xvii, 217 leaves ; 29 cm.
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Hsiao, Chiu-Yueh Van Riper Marcia L. "Individual and family adaptation to severe and persistent mental illness SPMI in Taiwanese families." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1705.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Nursing." Discipline: Nursing; Department/School: Nursing.
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Thompson, Jennifer Nicole. "INVESTIGATING THE ATTITUDES OF GRADUATE SOCIAL WORK STUDENTS TOWARD SEVERE AND PERSISTENT MENTAL ILLNESS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/535.

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Stigma is one of the foremost barriers to effective mental health treatment of consumers. Social workers currently provide the majority of mental health treatment in the United States. Examining levels of stigma present in social work students would be valuable in providing future interventions. A quantitative study was conducted utilizing an online questionnaire. The survey was distributed by the CSUSB Department of Social Work to graduate social work students. Statistical analysis utilizing SPSS software was conducted following data collection. Data analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in the attitudes regardless of exposure to severe mental illness. The findings of this study indicate that exposure to severe mental illness may not be the only factor in determining one’s attitude. Implications of these findings for social work research include outlining the need for further examination of stigma to identify more specific factors in the formation of stigmatic attitudes.
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Ivarsson, Ann-Britt. "Occupational Performance in Individuals with Severe Mental Disorders : Assessment and Family Burden." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2002. http://publications.uu.se/uu/fulltext/nbn_se_uu_diva-2690.pdf.

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Harrison, Kimberly S. "Validation of clinical screens for suicidality and severe mental disorders for jail inmates." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4774/.

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Psychologists and other mental health professionals working in correctional institutions bear the considerable responsibility for identifying, diagnosing, and treating mentally disordered inmates. The importance of these responsibilities has been recognized in recent years because of the burgeoning population of inmates in general and the higher numbers of inmates with mental illness in particular. Research has demonstrated that the screens currently used in correctional settings to identify mentally disordered and suicidal inmates are either unvalidated or generally ineffective. This study investigates the validity of different mental health screens in a jail population. Inmates from the Grayson County Jail were administered three screens: the Referral Decision Scale (RDS), Personality Assessment Screener (PAS), and the Mental Disability/Suicide Intake Screen (MDSIS). Criterion measures were the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) for Axis I disorders and the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) for suicidal ideation. Results indicate that each screen most effectively assessed one clinical domain: the RDS for psychosis, the MDSIS for suicidality, and the PAS for depression. Gender differences were observed in screen items most effective for classifying inmates by suicide risk level.
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Galon, Patricia Ann. "COMPARISON OF HEALTH CARE CONTEXT, COERCION, AND COMPLIANCE IN PERSONS WITH SEVERE AND PERSISTENT MENTAL ILLNESS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1144851107.

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Gatfield, Pamela Jo'. "Day treatment programs for adults with severe and persistent mental illness: Effectiveness measured in rates of recidivism." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2299.

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This study measured the effectiveness of rehabilitative day treatment (RDT) programs for persons with severe and persistant mental illness in San Bernardino County. The effectiveness of RDT services was determined by rates of recidivism.
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Books on the topic "Severe and persistent mental disorders"

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Berghuis, David J. The severe and persistent mental illness treatment planner. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2008.

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Berghuis, David J. The severe and persistent mental illness progress notes planner. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2008.

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H, Knoedler William, and National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (U.S.), eds. The PACT model of community-based treatment for persons with severe and persistent mental illnesses: A manual for PACT start-up. Arlington, Va: NAMI Campaign to End Discrimination, NAMI Anti Stigma Foundation, 1998.

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1948-, Grunhaus Leon, and Greden John F. 1942-, eds. Severe depressive disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1994.

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T, Gregoire A., ed. Adult severe mental illness. London: Greenwich Medical Media, 2000.

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G, Butler Katharine, ed. Severe communication disorders: Intervention strategies. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers, 1994.

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North Carolina. Division of Mental Health, Mental Retardation, and Substance Abuse Services. North Carolina comprehensive plan for persons with severe and persistent mental illness. Raleigh, N.C: The Division, 1989.

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Ball, Jeffrey S. Describing the crisis experience for individuals with severe and persistent mental illness. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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Giancarlo, Dimaggio, and Lysaker Paul H, eds. Metacognition and severe adult mental disorders: From research to treatment. Hove, East Sussex: Routledge, 2010.

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R, Bedell Jeffrey, ed. Psychological assessment and treatment of persons with severe mental disorders. Washington, D.C: Taylor & Francis, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Severe and persistent mental disorders"

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Hazelton, Michael. "Understanding Severe Persistent Mental Health Problems and Disorders." In Palliative Care Within Mental Health, 49–64. New York, NY: Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429465666-5.

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Barnhouse, Kathleen, Sandra Clark, and Jessica Waters Davis. "Special Population: Adults with Severe and Persistent Mental Health Disorders." In Chronic Illness Care, 335–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29171-5_25.

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Lehman, Anthony F. "Measures of Quality of Life Among Persons with Severe and Persistent Mental Disorders." In Mental Health Outcome Measures, 75–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80202-7_6.

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Hellkamp, David T. "Severe Mental Disorders." In Comprehensive Handbook of Psychotherapy Integration, 385–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9782-4_26.

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Šimunović Filipčić, Ivona, Luigi Grassi, and Igor Filipčić. "Severe Mental Disorders and Cancer." In Comorbidity between Mental and Physical Disorders, 203–20. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81802-8_9.

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Steketee, Gail, and Jason Fogler. "Families of People with a Severe Anxiety Disorder." In Families and Mental Disorders, 87–112. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470024712.ch5.

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Rojnic Kuzman, Martina, and Sara Medved. "Severe Mental Disorders and Cardiovascular Diseases." In Comorbidity between Mental and Physical Disorders, 221–35. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81802-8_10.

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Holt, Richard I. G. "Cardiovascular Disease and Severe Mental Illness." In Comorbidity of Mental and Physical Disorders, 54–65. Basel: S. KARGER AG, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000365531.

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Emmelkamp, Paul M. G. "Substance Abuse, Personality Disorders, and Severe Mental Illness." In Mental Health of Refugees, 233–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34078-9_9.

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Starostina, Elena G. "Comorbidity Between Severe Mental Disorders and Metabolic Disease." In Comorbidity between Mental and Physical Disorders, 181–202. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81802-8_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Severe and persistent mental disorders"

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Khan, Aiman, and Udita Singh. "Exploring Hidden Anxiety in Adolescents: A Case Study of Abdullah." In Transforming Knowledge: A Multidisciplinary Research on Integrative Learning Across Disciplines, 186–90. The Bhopal School of Social Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.51767/ic250419.

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Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent yet frequently overlooked mental health conditions in adolescents. This case study examines Abdullah, an 18-year-old male living in a joint family system, who exhibits symptoms of severe anxiety, including persistent worry, physical tension, and social withdrawal. Using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) tool, his anxiety was categorized as severe, emphasizing the need for intervention. This study highlights how societal stigma and cultural expectations contribute to the concealment of anxiety symptoms, delaying diagnosis and treatment. Recommendations include Jacobson’s Progressive Muscle Relaxation (JPMR), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and family-based interventions. The findings underscore the need for greater mental health awareness and timely support systems for adolescents experiencing hidden anxiety.
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Celestino, Nicole Kauane Rodrigues. "The use of games to increase performance occupational therapy of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)." In II INTERNATIONAL SEVEN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeinternationalanais-062.

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Abstract Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by "a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development." (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 2014, p. 59). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2014, p. 59) the inattention present in ADHD manifests itself "as rambling on tasks, lack of persistence, difficulty maintaining focus, and disorganization. In adults, these symptoms significantly affect occupational performance, leading to difficulties performing occupations that are "necessary activities that people need, want, and are expected to do" (World Federation of Occupational Therapists, 2012a, p. 2). Most have difficulty staying in their jobs, inconstancy in relationships, and when performing adult responsibilities, these instabilities can interfere with and cause feelings of frustration and guilt (Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, 2022). Occupational performance is characterized as "the achievement of the selected occupation resulting from the dynamic transaction between the client, the context and environment, and the activity or occupation" (American Occupational Therapy Association, 2015, p. 14). In this case the games aim to provide strengthening of the ability to perform these actions, working the executive functions, the "executive functions (EF) refer to the ability to engage in goal-oriented behavior, performing voluntary and self-organized actions" (CAPOVILLA; ASSEF; COZZA, 2007, p. 1).
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Singh, Srishti, and Anshay Tomar. "Unraveling Anxiety Disorders in Adolescence: Causes, Effects, and Coping Strategies." In Transforming Knowledge: A Multidisciplinary Research on Integrative Learning Across Disciplines, 317–23. The Bhopal School of Social Sciences, 2025. https://doi.org/10.51767/ic250435.

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Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health conditions affecting adolescents, often leading to significant distress and impairment in daily functioning. This case study delves into the experiences of Kunal, a 17-year-old high school senior diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Social Anxiety Disorder. Kunal's symptoms include excessive worry, panic attacks, social withdrawal, and physical manifestations of anxiety such as muscle tension and nausea. His history of childhood trauma has exacerbated his symptoms, contributing to hypervigilance and a persistent fear of social judgment. Using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, Kunal's responses indicate moderate to severe anxiety. This study underscores the importance of a multifaceted therapeutic approach, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), trauma-focused interventions, mindfulness training, and social skills development, to help Kunal manage his anxiety and improve his overall quality of life. The findings highlight the necessity of early intervention and tailored treatment plans for adolescents struggling with anxiety disorders.
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"Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression and Trauma in Baqa’a Refugee Camp." In International Conference on Public Health and Humanitarian Action. International Federation of Medical Students' Associations - Jordan, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56950/gdcu6488.

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Aim: The general aim of this study is to screen for the prevalence of mental disorders(PTSD, anxiety and depression) amongst refugees residing in Baqaa refugee camp. Design: cross sectional quantitative study using close-ended surveys Methods: Data were collected from 124 refugees collected at baqaa refugee camp. The participants were recruited based on convenience sampling. The questionnaire included the GAD-7, PHQ-9, and part IV of the HTQ questionnaires used to screen for anxiety, depression, and symptoms of PTSD respectively. Each one of these questionnaires has its own valid and reliable scoring system that will assess how severe these mental illnesses are in the participants. For all three questionnaires, a valid Arabic translation was used, as most of the participants are fluent only in Arabic. Results: The results of this study indicated that a large portion of refugees showed signs that are indicative of suffering from mental disorders Conclusion: Our data indicate a challenging and persisting disease burden in refugees due to anxiety, depression and PTSD. Knowing this is relevant for the development of public health policies of host countries. Scalable interventions, tailored for refugees, should become more readily available. This study delved into the presence of anxiety, post-traumatic stress and depression amongst Palestinian refugees and determined that health screenings should be performed. Summary Statement What is already known about this topic? • Previous studies indicated that the quality of life in baqaa refugee camps was significantly worse than other areas in the country. • This study is one of the first one of its kind in Jordan to specifically focus on baqaa refugee camp and screen for anxiety, depression and PTSD What this paper adds? • Improving the awareness of people responsible for refugee camps about the devastating effects of mental health on the quality of life of refugees • It helps understand the population there, what kind of mental issues they are facing, which ones are most common so that governing authorities can know how to help them more efficiently. • Encourages talks about mental health and normalize seeking help especially in a group of people where mental health problems are really concentrated such as refugee camps The implications of this paper: • The researchers strongly recommend more detailed and thorough screening as well as providing refugees with options to seek therapy. Key words: Anxiety, depression, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Refugees, Mental disorders
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Meixensberger, S., L. Tebartz van Elst, K. Runge, and D. Endres. "Cerebrospinal fluid findings in patients with severe mental disorders." In Abstracts of the 2nd Symposium of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Biologische Psychiatrie (DGBP). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3402994.

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Ostiz-Blanco, Mikel, Alfredo Pina, Miriam Lizaso, Jose Javier Astráin, and Gonzalo Arrondo. "Using the Musical Multimedia Tool ACMUS with People with Severe Mental Disorders." In ASSETS '18: The 20th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3234695.3241016.

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Chirita, Anca Livia, Mihaela Popescu, Veronica Calborean, Victor Gheorman, and Ion Udristoiu. "PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH ENDOCRINE DYSFUNCTIONS." In The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.25.

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Introduction: Psychiatric disorders occurring during endocrine dysfunction and, conversely, endocrine dysfunctions associated with mental disorders were the emergence of a new discipline, psychoendocrinology. Psychiatric disorders correlated with endocrine diseases are defined as psychopathological manifestations of variable intensity and clinical symptomatology, determined by complex psycho-neuro-endocrinological interrelationships. Defining elements consist of the association between diagnosis of mental disorders and specific symptoms for endocrine dysfunction. Methods: We conducted a prospective one-year study (January 2018 - December 2018 on 112 patients hospitalized in the Clinic of Psychiatry who also had an endocrinological comorbidity. We investigated the frequency and severity of psychoendocrinological associations by studying a number of demographic and clinical items. Results: The results showed that the highest incidence belongs to thyroid disorder - 55.36%, followed by gonadal disorders - 24.11%, and, rarely, pituitary diseases and diabetes. Hyperthyroidism was associated most frequently with manic episodes, while unipolar depression prevailed in patients with hypothyroidism. In gonadal disorders, present in majority in female patients (secondary amenorrhea, menopause or erectile dysfunction in males), depression accompanied by anxiety, often severe in intensity, was the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis. Psychotic disorders were met in a smaller number of cases, especially in patients with long history of endocrine disorders and instability of biological constants. Conclusions: We may state that affective disorders are the most frequent nosologically category in patients with endocrine dysfunctions. It requires a better collaboration between specialists in endocrinology and psychiatry, to highlight the determinants which contribute to the development of psychopathological manifestations in endocrine diseases and to individualize the treatment depending on cases’ particularities.
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Karelina, Inna B., and Ulyana V. Tikhvinskaya. "The development of cognitive mental processes in preschool children with severe speech impairments." In Специальное образование: методология, практика, исследования. Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/978-5-00089-532-0-2021-266-270.

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The article examines the development of cognitive mental processes in preschool children with severe speech disorders. Scientists studying the basic cognitive processes are noted: perception, memory, thinking and attention. Describes the ascertaining study of mental processes in preschoolers with severe speech impairments and their current state. Further research work is planned on the correction of mental processes in preschool children with severe speech impairments.
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Bujko, Ana, and Brinovec Pribaković. "Transforming mental health services in primary health care in Slovenia." In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges, 111. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24066b.

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Background: Strengthening mental health, preventing development of mental health disorders and accessible mental health services for all are crucial tasks of health system, both from individual and societal point of view. In year 2015 the mission of the World Health Organization, Regional office for Europe, to Slovenia recommended i.a. (a) strengthening mental health services in primary care for improved accessibility; (b) improved access to community treatment of persons with severe mental health disorders; (c) strategic workforce planning in mental health and increased number of clinical psychologists; (d) improved access to psychotherapy. Based on these recommendations the first strategic document on mental health was adopted in 2018, The National Mental Health Programme 2018-2028. Methods and Objectives: Eight strategic objectives of the National Programme address implementation of policies in supporting mental health, intersectoral cooperation, implementation of evidence-based programmes and interventions, suicide prevention, alcohol related mental health disorders, community-based services, integration of social care and health care programmes, shortages of workforce. Results: Between 2018 and 2023 several mental health promotion programmes were introduced (e.g. Incredible Years, Cool Kids, This Is Me / To Sem Jaz). School counselling services and programmes for vulnerable adolescents and young adults were strengthened. Strategy for deinstitutionalization of long-term social care facilities was adopted. There are already 22 multidisciplinary Children and Adolescents Mental Health Centres and 18 Adults Mental Health Centres operating in primary health care, out of 30 and 25 respectively. Adults Mental Health Centres also provide community services for persons with severe mental health disorders according to the FACT (Flexible Assertive Community treatment) model. Out-patient and hospital programmes for non-chemical dependencies were introduced. Conclusions: Mental health is high on political agenda in Slovenia since 2018. Major investments in health care, social care and education system increased access to mental health programmes and services.
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Vetrova, Maria A. "Peculiarities of Choosing the Diagnostic Tools in Work with Children with Severe Multiple Developmental Disorders and Severe Intellectual Disabilities." In Proceedings of III Research-to-Practice Conference with International Participation “The Value of Everyone. The Life of a Person with Mental Disorder: Support, Life Arrangements, Social Integration”. Terevinf, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61157/978-5-4212-0676-7-2023-197-213.

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The possibilities of using various diagnostic tools designed to assess the development of children with disabilities in the diagnostics of children with severe multiple developmental disorders are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of these tools are assessed, the need for development and fixation of practical experience in their use is pointed out
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Reports on the topic "Severe and persistent mental disorders"

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KHUDALOVA, M., V. FILONENKO, and E. KUDZOEVA. PSYCHOSOMATICS IN CONNECTION WITH THE AFFECTIVE DISORDERS OF PERSONALITY. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2021-12-4-2-365-374.

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In recent years, we can notice a significant increase in psychosomatic disorders among borderline mental pathology, which are reasonably considered “the pathology of modern civilization”. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between psychosomatic disorders and the affective disorders of the personality. The study used the following methods: a diagnostic conversation and analysis of medical documents with the results of clinical examination, a scale for psychological express diagnostics of semi-structured depressive disorders (based on MMPI), a self-assessment scale by Ch.D. Spielberger - Yu.L. Hanin, Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). Statistical methods of processing the empirical research results in the SPSS 22.0 program: descriptive statistics, correlation analysis (p-Spearman’s rank correlation). As a result of the study we can assert that psychosomatic disorders in respondents in the form of functional pathology of various organs and systems are connected with affective disorders in the form of moderate or severe depression of a neurotic level of various origins, alexithymia and high personal anxiety.
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Santos Sales, Déborah, Mariana Beiral Hammerle, Rayanne da Silva Souza, Patricia Gomes Pinheiro, Débora Viana Freitas, Ana Carolina F. Herzog, Daniel Lucas de L. S. Santos, et al. Long Covid-19 Syndrome: the Prevalence of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Olfactory Disorders. Progress in Neurobiology, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.60124/j.pneuro.2023.30.01.

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Background: Among the frequently reported symptoms in long-term COVID-19 syndrome, we can highlight olfactory disorders depression, anxiety, and fatigue. OD can affect people's physical and mental health and can lead to neuropsychiatric symptoms. Objective: Determine the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue in patients with olfactory disorders induced by long-term COVID-19; and investigate this impact on the quality of life. Methods: The study included 30 patients with confirmed long-term COVID-19, with persistent complaints of olfactory dysfunction. OD was evaluated by the connecticut smell test. Neuropsychiatric disorders were evaluated by the fatigue severity and hospital anxiety and depression scales. Quality of life was accessed using the SF-36. Results: 70% of the patients had different degrees of hyposmia and 20% had anosmia. The most prevalent symptom was depression with 66.7% of the sample. More than half of patients also had symptoms of anxiety and fatigue (53,3% both). The most affected dimensions of SF-36 were emotional, vitality, role physical and mental health (36.6 ± 44.0, 44.3 ± 28.7, 47.5 ± 42.7, 49.8 ± 24.7 respectively). There was a moderate negative correlation between symptoms of depression and the physical role and mental health dimension. There was a moderate negative correlation between anxiety and general health, vitality, social functioning, and mental health dimensions. Symptoms of fatigue obtained a moderate negative correlation in the physical function dimension. Conclusion: The prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and fatigue is high in patients with olfactory disorders induced by long-term COVID-19, with a negative impact on the quality of life of these patients, highlighting the role emotional aspect.
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Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, Nancy Berkman, Alison N. Goulding, Skyler McLaurin-Jiang, Andrea B. Dotson, et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.

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Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.
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Hu, Yang Yang, Xing Zhang, Yue Luo, and Yadong Wang. Systematic review and Meta analysis of the efficacy and safety of rifaximin in the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0061.

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Review question / Objective: P：Liver cirrhosis patients with risk factors associated with HE attack;HE patients caused by chronic liver diseases represented by cirrhosis. I: Rifaximin treatment. C: Other drugs or placebo. O：HE incidence; HE improvement; All-cause mortality; Blood ammonia level; PSE index; mental state; NCT-A; NCT-B; Adverse events. Condition being studied: Hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is a neuropsychiatric disorder syndrome based on metabolic disorders, which is caused by severe acute and chronic liver dysfunction or various abnormalities of portosystemic shunt (hereinafter referred to as portosystemic shunt). The research data shows that the prevalence of OHE in patients with cirrhosis is 10-14%, and the prevalence of HE in patients with decompensated cirrhosis is 16-21%. HE can lead to 60-80% of patients with liver cirrhosis with mild cognitive impairment, affecting their ability of daily life and quality of life. When OHE occurs, the one-year mortality rate of patients with liver cirrhosis is 64%, which brings a heavy economic burden to patients and public health resources. Therefore, the prevention and early management of HE is very important.
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Slaughter-Acey, Jaime, Kathryn Behrens, Amy M. Claussen, Timothy Usset, Carrie Neerland, Sameerah Bilal-Roby, Huda Bashir, et al. Social and Structural Determinants of Maternal Morbidity and Mortality: An Evidence Map. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer264.

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Objective. The purpose was to review available evidence of risk factors associated with maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States during the prenatal and postpartum periods to inform a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop: Identifying Risks and Interventions to Optimize Postpartum Health, held November 29–December 1, 2022. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, and the Social Sciences Citation Index through November 2022. Review methods. We searched for observational studies examining exposures related to social and structural determinants of health and at least one health or healthcare-related outcome for pregnant and birthing people. We extracted basic study information and grouped studies by social and structural determinants of health domains and maternal outcomes. We prioritized studies according to study design and rigor of analytic approaches to address selection bias based on the ROBINS-E. We summarize all included studies and provide additional descriptions of direction of association between potential risk exposures and outcomes. Results. We identified 8,378 unique references, with 118 included studies reporting social and structural determinants of health associated with maternal health outcomes. Studies covered risk factors broadly, including identity and discrimination, socioeconomic, violence, trauma, psychological stress, structural/institutional, rural/urban, environment, comorbidities, hospital, and healthcare use factors. However, the risk factors we identified represent only a subset of potential social and structural determinants of interest. We found an unexpectedly large volume of research on violence and trauma relative to other potential exposures of interest for pregnant people. Outcome domains included maternal mortality, severe maternal morbidity, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, cardio/metabolic disorders, weathering (the physiological effect of premature aging caused by chronic stressful experiences), depression, other mental health or substance use disorders, and cost/healthcare use outcomes. Depression/other mental health outcomes represented a large proportion of medical outcomes captured. Risk of bias was high, and rarely did studies report the excess risk attributable to a specific exposure. Conclusions. Identifying risk factors pregnant and birthing people face is vitally important. Limited depth and quality of available research within each social and structural determinant of health impeded our ability to outline specific pathways, including risk factor interdependence. While more recently published literature showed a trend toward increased rigor, future research can emphasize techniques that estimate the causal impacts of risk factors. Improved reporting in studies, along with organized and curated catalogues of maternal health exposures and their presumed mechanisms, would make it easier to examine exposures in the future. In the longer term, the field could be advanced by datasets designed to more fully capture the data required to robustly examine racism and other social and structural determinants of health, in combination with their intersections and feedback loops with other biologic/medical risk factors.
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Haslam, Divna, Ben Mathews, Rosana Pacella, James Graham Scott, David Finkelhor, Daryl Higgins, Franziska Meinck, et al. The prevalence and impact of child maltreatment in Australia: Findings from the Australian Child Maltreatment Study: Brief Report. Queensland University of Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.239397.

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The Australian Child Maltreatment Study (ACMS) is a landmark study for our nation. The ACMS research team has generated the first nationally representative data on the prevalence of each of the five types of child maltreatment in Australia, and their associated health impacts through life. We also identified information about the context of maltreatment experiences, including how old children are when it occurs, and who inflicts it. This knowledge about which children are most at risk of which types of abuse and neglect, at which ages, and by whom, is needed to develop evidencebased population approaches required to reduce child maltreatment in Australia. The concerning prevalence of maltreatment and its devastating associated outcomes present an urgent imperative for nation-building reform to better protect Australian children and reduce associated costs to individuals, families, communities and broader society. The ACMS collected data from 8500 randomly selected Australians aged 16-65 years and older. We included an oversample of 3500 young people 16-24 years of aged to generate particularly strong data about child maltreatment in contemporary Australian society, to assess its associated impacts in adolescence and early adulthood, and to allow future prevalence studies to detect reductions in prevalence rates over time. Our participants aged 25 and over enabled us to understand prevalence trends at different times in Australian history, and to measure associated health outcomes through life. Participants provided information on childhood experiences of each of the five types of child abuse and neglect, and other childhood adversities, mental health disorders, health risk behaviours, health services utilisation, and more. Our findings provide the first nationally representative data on the prevalence of child maltreatment in Australia. Moreover, the ACMS is the first national study globally to examine maltreatment experiences and associated health and social outcomes of all five forms of child maltreatment. Taken together, our findings provide a deep understanding of the prevalence, context and impact of child abuse and neglect in Australia and make an important contribution to the international field. This brief report presents the main findings from the ACMS for a general public audience. These main findings are further detailed in seven peer-reviewed scholarly articles, published in a special edition of the Medical Journal of Australia, Australia’s leading medical journal. Forthcoming work will examine other important questions about the impacts of specific maltreatment experiences to generate additional evidence to inform governments and stakeholders about optimal prevention policy and practice. There is cause for hope. In recent years, there have been reductions in physical abuse, and in some types of sexual abuse. These reductions are extremely important. They mean that fewer children are suffering, and they indicate that change is possible. Policies and programs to reduce these types of maltreatment are having an effect. Yet, there are other concerning trends, with some types of maltreatment becoming even more common, including emotional abuse, some types of sexual abuse, and exposure to domestic violence. And new types of sexual victimisation are also emerging. As a society, we have much work to do. We know that child maltreatment can be reduced if we work together as governments, service sectors, and communities. We need to invest more, and invest better. It is a moral, social and economic imperative for Australian governments to develop a coordinated long-term plan for generational reform. We have found that: 1. Child maltreatment is widespread. 2. Girls experience particularly high rates of sexual abuse and emotional abuse. 3. Child maltreatment is a major problem affecting today’s Australian children and youth – it is not just something that happened in the past. 4. Child maltreatment is associated with severe mental health problems and behavioural harms, both in childhood and adulthood. 5. Child maltreatment is associated with severe health risk behaviours, both in childhood and adulthood. 6. Emotional abuse is particularly harmful, and is much more damaging than society has understood.
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Turner, Nigel E., Nicolas Trajtenberg, Steve Cook, Olga Sanchez de Ribera, Jing Shi, and Henrietta Bowden-Jones. A health inequality examination of problem gambling, substance abuse, mental health, and poverty in the United Kingdom; A secondary analysis and stakeholder interviews. Greo Evidence Insights, 2023. https://doi.org/10.33684/2024.003.

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Purpose: This project is focused on the social determinants of health associated with problem gambling and examined gambling-related disparities and the determinants of negative health outcomes. Social determinants include social class education, ethnic group, age, and sex (Elton-Marshall, et al., 2017). The main aims of the study were as follows: Aim 1: In this study, we used the large data set to determine subpopulations who are experiencing social inequity (e.g., youth, older adults, women, Black people and other minority ethnic groups, and people with low income; see Elton-Marshall, et al., 2017) to determine how much they are impacted by gambling. Aim 2: We tested the data as an interaction model to see if there are disparities in the impact of gambling by sociodemographic variables. The analysis included tests of the factorial structure of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) across subpopulations (e.g., young vs. old, low-income vs. higher income, and Scotland vs England). Aim 3: In addition, we conducted interviews with a small number of key stakeholders who were treatment providers or administrators of problem gambling services to discuss the research findings and to help us understand the data and develop a dissemination plan. Methodology: This project consisted of a secondary analysis of the “Gambling in England and Scotland, 2016: Combined Data from the Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey.” We concatenated the data from 2012, 2014, and 2016. This study is a secondary analysis of a large data set. The project incorporated a series of statistical analysis including logistic regression, multinominal regression, cluster analysis and confirmatory factor analysis and to explore the relationship between gambling and social and demographic variables. Results: Based on our analysis combining the DSM and PGSI, about half a percent of the adults in England and Scotland met the threshold for a severe gambling problem. In terms of gambling behaviors, the most common games were national lottery tickets, scratch cards, and other lotteries. As expected, social and demographic variables were both significantly associated with problem gambling. Significant social and demographic risk factors for problem gambling include sex (male), age (being younger, 25 to 34), marital status (being single or never married), social class (manual and routine labour), ethnic /racial group (Black or other), and education (lower levels of education). In addition, being a heavy drinker, a current smoker and having a lower level of Wellbeing were also related to problem gambling. Although the results suggest that people in Scotland gamble somewhat more often especially on lotteries, Country (England vs. Scotland) was not associated with gambling problems. In terms of games played, according to the logistic regression, the largest association was for electronic gambling machines (EGMs), followed by Sports gambling and then online gambling. The interaction of games with sex is interesting suggesting that the male vs. female differences is smaller for EGMs and online gambling, but larger for sports gambling. As Part of Aim 2, we tested the psychometric properties of the PGSI gambling inventory and found that the PGSI was a valid construct for measuring problem gambling in the United Kingdom (UK). Moreover, we found that the PGSI scale operated similarly for respondents from both England and Scotland, suggesting generalisability across the UK. In terms of Aim 3, the key stakeholder interviews, most of the stakeholders felt that the reported frequencies were lower than they expected and questioned the accuracy of the prevalence estimates. Several stakeholders noted that some ethnic communities (Chinese, Muslims) were not adequately represented in the survey, and speculated that this was due to under reporting. Several stakeholders also suggested that the prevalence of gambling problems among women who gamble may be higher than males who gamble, however analysis did not support this view. In terms of directions for future research, the stakeholders suggested the need to better understand the impact of trauma on gambling, the potential side effects of medication(s), and a more comprehensive examination of environmental factors during childhood that increase the risk of problem gambling during adulthood. Overall, the stakeholders felt that the results provide useful information but note that more research is needed to better understand gambling problems. Finally, several stakeholders believed that both government and industry should do more to help reduce problem gambling; however, one stakeholder cautioned that over regulation could backfire and push gamblers to non-regulated gambling sites. Conclusions: The results of this research provide a detailed examination of the association between problem gambling and the social determinants of health in the UK. In summary, the key findings are that social and demographic risk factors for problem gambling include sex (male), age (being younger, 25 to 34), marital status (being single or never married), social class (manual and routine labour), ethnic /racial group (Black or other), education (lower levels of education), are significant factors in determining problem gambling. In addition, being a heavy drinker, a current smoker and having a lower level of Wellbeing, more psychological distress, and a greater rate of mental health problems, were also related to problem gambling. This knowledge will help to inform public health strategies in the UK related to the prevention and treatment of gambling disorders, as well as the prevention of gambling-related harm at the population level and for different groups (e.g., age groups, income groups, ethnic groups). Implications: 1. Problem gamblers are more likely to have lower levels of education, were less likely to be in managerial work, and in terms of ethnic group were Black or other. 2. Problem gamblers are physically healthy, but have an elevated risk of mental health problems, have a poorer sense of well-being and are more likely to smoke or engage in heavy drinking. 3. The results found that country (England vs. Scotland) was not associated with differences in gambling problems, however, people in Scotland gamble somewhat more often especially on Lotteries. 4. In terms of Aim 2, the results suggest that the PGSI is a valid measure of gambling in the Great Britain and that it is equally valid for both England and Scotland. 5. Non-problem gamblers appear to be a relatively healthy population and had the best scores in terms of mental health and well-being, though the contrasts with non-gamblers were trivial. 6. Non-problem gamblers had a somewhat greater rate of smoking, heavy drinking and obesity compared to non-gamblers suggesting they may have more health problems eventually. Effort should be made to encourage more physical activity amongst recreational gamblers.
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