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Shih, Angela, Ruby E. Kassanoff, and Basel Altrabulsi. "Severe Anemia." Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings 14, no. 3 (2001): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2001.11927775.
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Akpinar, Cetin Kursad, Erdem Gurkas, and Emrah Aytac. "Moderate to Severe Anemia Is Associated with Poor Functional Outcome in Acute Stroke Patients Treated with Mechanical Thrombectomy." Interventional Neurology 7, no. 1-2 (2017): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000480642.
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Background: Anemia will negatively affect cerebral collaterals and penumbra. Eventually, it may cause worse clinical outcomes and even increase mortality rates in stroke patients. Anemia has recently been suggested to be an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of the presence of anemia on clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. Methods: This was a retrospective study involving the prospectively and consecutively collected data of 90 adult patients between January 2015 and August 2016. Hemoglobin (Hb) cutoff levels were accepted as 12 g/dL for women and 13 g/dL for men. Patients having anemia were further divided into three subgroups as severe anemia (Hb <8 g/dL for both genders), moderate anemia (Hb <10 g/dL for both genders), and mild anemia (Hb <13 g/dL for men and Hb <12 g/dL for women). Results: Forty of the subjects (44.4%) had anemia. Moderate anemia was detected in 14 out of 90 patients (15.5%) and severe anemia was found in only four of them (4.4%). Poor functional outcome (mRS 3-6) was similar in both anemic and non-anemic patients (37.5% vs. 38%, respectively, p = 0.08), but poor functional outcome was found to be statistically significant with severe anemic group (Hb <8 mg/dL) (p = 0.003). In multiple logistic regression analysis, moderate and severe anemia has been found to increase the mortality (p = 0.032). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a poor functional outcome only in moderate to severe anemic patients. Clinicians should keep in mind the negative effect of moderate to severe anemia in the clinical course of acute stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy.
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Chen, Chong, Wenhui Zhou, Wenliang Fan, et al. "Association of anemia and COVID-19 in hospitalized patients." Future Virology 16, no. 7 (2021): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2021-0044.
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Aim: COVID-19 is a major threat to public health worldwide. A large proportion of COVID-19 patients is proved to develop anemia. Herein, we investigate the association between anemia and severe pneumonia. Materials & methods: 137 of COVID-19-confirmed patients admitted to Wuhan Union Hospital (Wuhan, China) from 13 February to 17 March 2020 were included. Their clinical characteristics and laboratory data were studied, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The anemic patients were less likely to develop fever in the early stage of COVID-19. Elevated IL-6 levels were found in anemic COVID-19 patients compared with those without anemia. COVID-19 patients with anemia had an 8.2 times greater possibility of developing severe pneumonia compared with their counterparts without anemia. Conclusion: This study comprehensively describes the clinical characteristics of anemic patients with ordinary, severe and critical COVID-19 and demonstrates the close relationship between the anemia and severe COVID-19.
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Yadav, Meetu, Pooja T, Sumit Dagar, Arti Dhingra, and Divya Mangla. "Outcome of newborns born to anaemic mother in a rural tertiary care hospital, comparative study." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 16, no. 2 (2025): 191–98. https://doi.org/10.37506/8rd7y767.
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Background: Anemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiency issues in pregnant women. Maternal anemia has been linked (IUGR), LBW, and (PPH). Prematurity, poor Apgar scores, and intrauterine foetal mortality are more likely in anemic pregnant women than in nonanemic pregnant women.5 Maternal anemia increases the odds of preterm delivery and low birth weight of the newborns, which increases foetal morbidity and death.Hence, this study was aimed to assess neonatal outcomes among babies born to anemic mothers in comparison to Non-anemic and to find the correlation between maternal and neonatal hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels. Methods: The records of 100 anemic and 30 non anemic mothers ,and newborns over a period of one year (October 2020 to April 2021) were reviewed, and a statistical comparison of various variables were made. Results: Pre-term birth was significantly more among severe anemia compared to mild and moderate anemia. Low birth weight was significantly more among subjects with severe anemia (81.8%) compared to moderate anemia (59.2%) which was significantly more than mild anemia (37.5%). APGAR score at 1 minute < 7 was significantly more among severe anemia (100.0%) compared to moderate anemia (61.2%) which was significantly more than mild anemia (82.5%). APGAR score at 5 minutes < 7 was significantly more among severe anemia (100.0%) compared to moderate and mild anemia (2.5% and 6.1% respectively).There was a significantly positive association of maternal and newborn hemoglobin levels.There was a significantly positive association of maternal and newborn Ferritin levels.Antenatal visits >3 were significantly more among Non-Anemic mothers compared to Anemic mothers.The mean Maternal Hb, Maternal Ferritin, Hb of newborn and Serum Ferritin of Newborn was significantly more among Non-Anemic group compared to Anemic group. Conclusion: Anaemia in pregnancy definitely has a very poor outcome on the newborn with increase in severity of anaemia in terms of low birth weight, poor APGAR score.
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Bansal, Priyanka, and Anand Singhal. "Women with Severe Anemia in Labor: Fetomaternal Outcomes." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 1 (2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220101.
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Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is the leading medical disorder in developing countries like India. Women with severe anemia in labor is a challenging situation for the obstetrician with increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. It has multifactorial etiology, Main cause of anemia in obstetrics is iron deficiency. There are specific risks for the mother like preterm labour pain, IUGR baby, preeclampsia, antepartum haemorrhage, sepsis etc and the fetus such as prematurity, lowbirth weight, birth asphyxia etc. Aim and Objectives: To determine the socio-demographic variables and also the maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women admitted to labour room with severe anemia (Hb <7gm%) late in pregnancy. Results: It was seen that out of 50 severely anemic women, 82% had Hb between 4-7 gm% and 18% had Hb < 4gm%. Severe anemia is seen in 82% unbooked patients and only in 18% booked patients. There was increased incidence of preterm delivery, PPH, preeclampsia, eclampsia, mortality in anemic group as compared to non anemic group. Among the adverse fetal outcomes, there was increased incidence of intrauterine deaths, intrauterine growth restriction, NICU admission, low birth weight among the anemic group as compared to non anemic group. Conclusions: Severely anemic women reporting in labor had significantly high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Even a minor blood loss is much devastating for such patients. Extrapolating our observations, it can be said that a close vigilance, anticipation of complications and appropriate care and interventions during labor and puerperium will help in improving outcomes in these severely anemic women. Awareness and education on early antenatal bookings, regular iron intake and continuous antenatal care should be the goal in tackling anemia in pregnancy. Key words: Anaemia, Iron deficiency, Intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, maternal outcome, neonatal outcome.
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Liu, Pin-Chen, and Bi-Ling Su. "CAUSES OF CANINE ANEMIA IN TAIWAN: A FIVE-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE SURVEY." Taiwan Veterinary Journal 41, no. 01 (2015): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1682648515500031.
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Anemia is a common hematologic disorder in dogs, however, few data are available regarding epidemiology and causes in Taiwan. To investigate the causes of anemia, 3174 anemic cases (hematocrit < 37%) collected between January 2008 and December 2012 at National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital (NTUVH) were analyzed. Most dogs (48.5%, n = 1540) presented with a mild form (30% ≤ hematocrit < 37%), which was followed by a moderate form (20% ≤ hematocrit < 30%; 36.4%, n = 1155), a severe form (13% ≤ hematocrit < 20%; 10.5%, n = 332) and a very severe form (hematocrit < 13%; 4.6%, n = 147). Among the 2037 dogs with identifiable causes, 70.4% (1435 dogs) were induced by single cause, whereas 29.6% (602 dogs) by multiple causes. Cancer-related anemia (CRA, n = 460), infectious pathogens-related anemia (n = 287), renal disease-related anemia (n = 251) and post-surgery/trauma-related anemia (n = 182) account for 32.1%, 20.0%, 17.6% and 12.7% of single-cause cases, respectively. Furthermore, 255 of the total (17.8.0%) presented with severe and very severe anemia. 72 dogs with very severe anemia primarily resulted from infectious disease-related anemia (59.7%), followed by immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (13.9%), and other disease-related anemia (9.7%). Of the 43 infectious disease-related very severe anemic dogs, the most commonly diagnosed pathogen was Babesia gibsoni (83.7%, n = 36), followed by Ehrlichia canis (11.6%, n = 5), Babesia canis (2.3%, n = 1) and Leptospira spp. (2.3%, n = 1). Taken together, cancer, infectious diseases, and renal failure are the most frequent causes of canine anemia in Taiwan, and B. gibsoni appeared to be the most important infectious pathogen causing very severe anemia.
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Singh, Ruchika, Mamta Gupta, and Vandana Saini. "Pregnant women with severe anemia reporting in labor: prevalence, socio-demographic and obstetric determinants." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 2 (2019): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190194.
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Background: Severely anemic women reporting in labor remains one of the most important challenging situation for the obstetrician as well as for the mother and her family due to its adverse feto-maternal outcome. Various socio-demographic and obstetric conditions need to be explored which are important to tackle them, for primary prevention of anemia. The aim and objectives of the study were to estimate prevalence of severe anemia in pregnant women reporting in labor in a tertiary hospital of Delhi and to evaluate various socio-economic and associated obstetric factors associated.Methods: This is a hospital based, prospective, case contol study. Hemoglobin was estimated at the time of labor room admission. Fifty consecutive antenatal women with severe anemia (Group A) and 50 non-anemic women (Group B) were enrolled in early labor. Socio-demographic and obstetric factors, were recorded and analyzed.Results: Prevalence of severe anemia was estimated to be 2.23%. Determinants of severe anemia were found to be socio-economic status (p value 0.001), education (p value 0.001), rural living (p value 0.016), calorie intake (p value 0.001), BMI (p value 0.046), booking status of pregnancy (p value 0.001), gravida (p value 0.024), inter-conception interval (p value 0.002) and regular iron-folic acid intake (p value 0.001).Conclusions: Primary prevention of anemia by targeting these factors at the community/state/ national level, by the policy makers is important. Early booking and screening for anemia in antenatal clinics, providing iron supplements to anemic women for secondary prevention of severe anemia is recommended so that no woman reports with severe anemia in labor.
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Gold, Eric. "Severe Fetal Anemia." Laboratory Medicine 28, no. 1 (1997): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/labmed/28.1.21.
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Mir, Naseer Yousuf, Bashir U. Zaman, Jawad Nazir Wani, Mohammad Imran Malik, Muzaffar Jan, and Kaiser Ahmad. "Non-nutritional causes of severe anemia in Kashmiri children." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 10, no. 3 (2023): 1256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20230649.
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Background: Anemia is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in children. The etiology of anemia is multifactorial including nutritional anemia, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, storage disorders, hematological malignancies, anemia secondary to some chronic diseases. Methods: The study is an observational study. Physical signs of severe anemia were looked in patients attending outpatient department or admitted in hospital. Children with hemoglobin levels <7 g/dl and in the age group 6 months to 6 years were recruited in study. The aim is to look for non-nutritional etiology of severe anemia in children in Kashmir. Results: Out of 192 children, 97 (50.52%) females and 95 (49.48%) males, with a male, female ratio of around 1:1. A total of 147 (76.56%) children in our study were having nutritional and 45 (23.44%) were having non nutritional causes. Among non-nutritional anemia 30 cases were hemolytic anemia, 11 hypoplastic anemia, 3 leukemia and 1 patient were diagnosed as Osteopetrosis. Conclusions: Though nutritional deficiency anemias are predominant; it may not always be the case. Hemolytic anemia and leukemias should be ruled out while evaluating a patient of severe anemia and pancytopenia. Bone marrow failure syndrome, storage disorders should be ruled out in patients with skeletal anomalies.
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Djimde, Moussa, Henk D. F. H. Schallig, Mohamed Bougoury Traoré, et al. "Severe Anemia among Blood Donors in an Area Where Blood Donation Is Sought to Save the Lives of Children with Severe Malaria—Anemia in Blood Donors." African Journal of Parasitology, Mycology and Entomology 1, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35995/ajpme1010005.
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Introduction: Severe anemia caused by severe malaria remains concentrated in children under 5 years old in Africa. In addition to blood-transfusion-related infections that pose a health concern, transfusion of severely anemic blood to a patient with severe anemia is another important concern. Method: Following the observation of a case of severe anemia in a blood donor, we conducted a secondary data analysis from a previous study to assess the frequency of anemia in blood donors in San, Mali. Results: In total, out of 140 volunteers, 13 (9%, 95% CI: 5.43–15.41) blood donors had moderate to severe anemia, based on Mali hemoglobin (Hb) normal values (10.5–16.5 g/dL, MRTC-GLP laboratory). In particular, we observed one case of severe anemia with an Hb level of 6.5 g/dL. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of severe anemia in blood donors in a malaria endemic area in Mali.
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Hashim, Nazia, Munira Farooqi, Sonia Naqvi, and Hassan Fatima Jaffery. "ANEMIA;." Professional Medical Journal 21, no. 02 (2018): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.02.1990.
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Background: Moderate to severe anemia during pregnancy is associated withincreased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Therefore moderate to severe maternalanemia is a high risk group and it is imperative that all cases of anemia should be identified andtreated to ensure adequate hemoglobin level before labour. Different countries have shownconsiderable variations in the prevalence of moderate to severe anemia during pregnancy.Objective: To determine the frequency of moderate to severe anemia during pregnancy and itsassociation with socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics. Study Design: Crosssectionaldescriptive study. Place and duration of Study: This study was conducted from 1stOctober 2011 to 31st March 2012, in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of Sir SyedHospital, a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Methodology: The patients attending the antenatalOPD between the gestational age of 20 to 41weeks who were moderate to severely anemic (according to WHO criteria based on Hb level) were selected for the study. A self-designedproforma was then utilized to obtain relevant information. This proforma covered sociodemographicas well as patient’s obstetric characteristics. Result: The frequency of anemia wasfound to be 42% (633/1507).Patients with moderate to severe anemia after 20 weeks till 41 weekswere 323. Patients with moderate anemia were 268/323 (83%), while 55/323 (17%) women hadsevere anemia. Majority of women with moderate anemia were multiparous between 26-32 yearsof age and presented between 35-41 weeks gestation. Majority of women with severe anemiawere primigravidas between 18-25 years and presented in late third trimester. Conclusions: Ourstudy revealed multiparity, illiteracy, poverty and late antenatal booking as the factors responsiblefor the severity of anemia during pregnancy. Therefore, anemia should be recognized as aserious public health problem. The adverse effects of anemia can be avoided by counseling onbirth spacing and early antenatal booking.
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Najam, Amna, Shamim Akhtar, Amreen Khan, Umber Fatima, and Samreen Fakeer Muhammad. "Prevalence of Severe Anemia among Pregnant Females and Factors Associated With Anemia in Pregnancy." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 6 (2022): 773–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22166773.
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Background: According to World health organization anemia is most common among females during pregnancy and child birth. Maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality is high due to anemia in pregnancy as it is a contributing factor in poor pregnancy outcome. It is the main cause of maternal death, almost 29% of women die due to anemia in pregnancy. Half of the maternal mortality causes are related to anemia in pregnancy either directly or indirectly. What so ever is the cause of anemia in pregnancy, its management is important for mother and child health. The consequences of anemia have serious health implications especially among pregnant females. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted to find prevalence of anemia during first, second and third trimester of pregnancy and factors related to cause of anemia. A total of 340 pregnant females of government and private hospitals of Lahore city during the period from February 2017 to August 2018 were included in study after sample size calculation through convenient sampling. Sociodemographic, economic status, education level, number of children born to females and gestational period were the factors that were studied among anemic pregnant females. Data analysis was done and frequencies of continuous variables and descriptive analysis for categorical variables were determined. Prevalence of anemia was determined by multinomial logistic regression. Results: Our study showed females were with mean age 27.9 (±SD=5.4) and in age group 31-39 years (53.8%) were more anemic during pregnancy as compared to females <30 years of age. Most of the females (67.1%) were housewives and had primary level of education (49.1%). Among these females (30%) were with mild anemia, (53.5%) were with moderate anemia and (16.5%) were with severe anemia. The mean hemoglobin level was 9.8g/dl (SD=±1.6). Among pregnant females 152(45%) were anemic during third trimester of pregnancy. Result showed 167(48.8%) females were anemic having children > 3. Sociodemographic factors, education level, number of children born to female, economic status all were significantly associated with moderate anemia during pregnancy (p=0.00). Conclusion: Our study showed that although the prevalence of anemia is more among pregnant females but the severe anemia was less. So, it is a preventable health problem which can be controlled by different public health approaches to reduce the burden of disease on the health system. The strategies to control anemia in reproductive age women is important to prevent it among pregnant women. the early diagnosis and immediate correction of anemia is important to reduce the complications of pregnancy and its poor outcome. Early identification of factors is significantly important in managing the problem. Keywords: anemia, pregnancy, prevalence of anemia, gestational period.
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Mangla, Divya, Sheetal Gole, Nikhil Bansal, Sushma Yadav, Ravinder Kharolia, and Abhishek Singh. "Risk factors of severe anemia among the pregnant women from an underprivileged rural area of northern India: a multivariate analysis." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 10 (2022): 3824. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20222578.
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Background: India serves as a home to 45.7% of anemic pregnant women (aged 15-49) with anemia of any grade during the course of their pregnancy. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors of severe anemia among pregnant women.Methods: Eligible antenatal women irrespective of period of gestation were screened for presence of anemia with help of hemoglobin (Hb) value at the time of admission. Typing of anemia was done. Detailed history was followed by physical examination. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to study the risk factors of severe anemia among the study subjects.Results: Of total, 22.1% women were found to be severely anemic. Severely anemic women having residence in a rural area without road had odds more than twice (AOR=2.14) compared to severely anemic women having residence in a rural area connected with road (p=0.018). Similarly, severely anemic women aged <25 years (AOR=2.70), Illiterate (AOR=3.12), marriage age <18 years (AOR=2.33), having age at 1st pregnancy as <19 years (AOR=1.93), undergone ≤3 ANC visits (AOR=3.95). Anemic women with gravida score ≥4 had more than 4 times risk (AOR=4.15).Conclusions: The significant risk factors of severe anemia among pregnant women as observed in this study were having residence in a rural area without road, age <25 years, illiteracy of mother, marriage age (<18 years in completed years), age at 1st pregnancy as <19 years, ≤3 ANC visits, gravidity ≥4 and non-sanitary type toilet facility at home.
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Dr., Bheema Sai Suyagnaa, Prasannaa K., Shiva Rama Krishnaa V., Vishwak senaa V., and Sultana Azra. "A Study to Determine the Prevalence of Different Types of Anemia and Assessing its Prescription Patterns in a Teritary Care Hospital." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 2 (2022): 890–905. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6366703.
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This study aimed to determine Prevalence Of Different Types of Anemia Treatment Patterns Sociodemographic factors and etiology of anemia METHODOLOGY: We performed Retrospective observational study on 200 subjects of age group 18-70. We assessed prevalence rate of anemia and few parameters such as age, gender, types, symptoms, severity, comorbidities and prescription patterns. Data analyzed based on percentages depicted graphs. RESULTS: Iron deficiency prevalence was 54.5%. Age group between18-35 found to be more anemic irrespective of gender. Half of the subjects were severe anemic. CONCLUSION: The findings strongly suggest that focused education strategies to be improved on nutritional habits (vitamin and iron rich food). Awareness over immediate diagnosis which reduces further consequences of anemia. BACKGROIUNDINFORMATION: Globally anemia is major health problem. Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common types of nutritional anemia. Usually, deficiency of iron develops gradually and doesn’t have clinically apparent symptoms until anemia becomes severe
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Madaan, Gautam, Anand Kumar Bhardwaj, Sunny Narang, and PD Sharma. "Effects of Third Trimester Maternal Hemoglobin Upon Newborn Anthropometry." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 33, no. 3 (2013): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i3.8251.
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Introduction: Maternal anemia during pregnancy can lead to poor fetal outcome as risks of morbidity and mortality is increased. Materials and Methods: All Singleton pregnancies delivered in MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala from 5 April 2012 to 5 October 2012 fulfilling the criteria were included. The pregnant mothers were grouped into 4 categories according to the corresponding hemoglobin concentration: normal (=or>11), mild (10.9-9.0g/dl), moderate (8.9-7.0 g/dl), and severe anemia (less than 7 g/dl). Results: Out of 334 pregnant women included in the study 249 (74.6%) were found to be anemic. Among anemic mothers 9 had severe (2.7%), 51 had moderate (15.3%) and 189 had mild (56.6) anemia. The anthropometric measurements (birth weight, length, chest circumference, head circumference) with decreasing severity of anemia showed statistically significant difference (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.017, p = 0.001) respectively. It was seen that as the number of pregnancies (gravida) increases the severity of anemia increases with each pregnancy. Conclusion: Anemia during pregnancy negatively affected the anthropometric measurements of a newborn and severe anemia had significant negative effect on neonatal anthropometric measurements. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i3.8251 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. 2013;33(3):186-189
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D'Arcangelo, G., M. Brecciaroli, G. Gagliostro, et al. "P1181 Prevalence and trend of anemia in a large cohort of children with inflammatory bowel disease." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 18, Supplement_1 (2024): i2107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad212.1311.
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Abstract Background Anemia is a common extraintestinal manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with an impact on patients’ quality of life. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of anemia and its characteristics at the diagnosis in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to investigate its trend during follow-up. Methods We conducted an observational, multicenter cohort study including data of IBD children with anemia at the diagnosis enrolled in the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP) IBD registry. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and endoscopic data were collected at the diagnosis and anemia trend was evaluated at 1-year follow-up. Anemia was diagnosed based on the WHO criteria and classified as mild, moderate, and severe accordingly. Results Five hundred eighty-nine [295 CD (50%) and 294 UC/IBDU (50%)] out of 1634 with IBD presented with anemia, resulting in a prevalence of 36%. Anemia rate was higher in CD than in UC (39% vs 33%, p = 0.009). Most patients presented at the diagnosis with moderate anemia (55%). The most common forms of anemia were iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and combined inflammatory and IDA anemia (InflIDA), both present in 42% of children. Only 15% of children had anemia of inflammation. Children with CD had higher rates of mild anemia than UC (38% vs 33%, p&lt;0.0001), while severe anemia was more common in UC (13% vs 6%, p= 0.001) as well as IDA (53% vs 31%, p&lt;0.0001). Younger age and lower albumin levels significantly correlated with the severity of the anemia in CD. In UC, females were more likely to experience severe anemia (69% vs 47%, p=0.02) and an extensive disease was more prevalent in children with moderate and severe anemia then in those with mild anemia (p=0.01 and p=0.03, respectively). At 1 year, 99 children (17%) were still anemic. At multivariable logistic regression analysis, baseline wPCDAI and SES-CD significantly correlated with the persistence of anemia at 1 year in CD. No variables correlated with the persistence of anemia in UC. Conclusion More than one-third of pediatric patients present with anemia at the diagnosis of IBD, most commonly moderate. A severe anemia is most common in UC compared to CD. Iron deficiency anemia (alone or in its form of InflIDA) is the most common cause of anemia in children with IBD. One out of five is still anemic after 1 year from the diagnosis.
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Zimmerman, Jessica A. O., and Anjali Sharathkumar. "Severe Anemia and “Splenomegaly”." Clinical Pediatrics 56, no. 13 (2016): 1266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922816684619.
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Pritchard, M. J., and S. W. Hwang. "Severe anemia from bedbugs." Canadian Medical Association Journal 181, no. 5 (2009): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.090482.
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Kokabee, M., D. Murrell, D. Otero Espinal, and R. Levine. "Ectoparasitosis induced severe anemia: a rare cause of severe iron deficiency anemia." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 160, Supplement_1 (2023): S112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqad150.245.
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Abstract Introduction/Objective Ectoparasites generally infest human’s head and body. It is primarily asymptomatic, however, it can cause iron deficiency anemia on rare occasions, even in developed countries. Bird mites can feed on the blood of people who live near infested pigeons or other infested animals. Methods/Case Report We present a 53 years old homeless male who lives in the New York City’s streets. He was brought to the emergency department by EMS due to ataxia and not being able to stand. Upon arrival, he was covered with countless small ectoparasites later identified as bird mites according to an exterminator. Decontamination and stabilization of patient was begun. No active bleeding or sign of trauma was identified. Complete blood count (CBC) was performed and hemoglobin (Hb) of 2.2 g/dL with Hematocrit of 9.2 % was confirmed after repeat on a second sample. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red blood cell (RBC) count, reticulocyte percent and red cell distribution width (RDW) was 73.3 fl, 1.26 M/uL, 3.3 % and 19.9 % respectively. Iron study was not performed initially. White blood cell and Platelets count were normal. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was negative for hemoglobinopathies. After initial transfusion of 2 packs of RBC, the Hb was 3.4 g/dL. He started to have seizures and was intubated. He was transferred to ICU. Ferritin level was checked after transfusion and was still markedly decreased (10.9 ng/mL). He received 6 packs of RBC in total (within 10 hours) and Hb reached 8.7 g/dL, and 48 hours after intubation he was extubated. The patient discharged himself against medical advice the next day. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion With increasing homelessness, physicians should be aware that ectoparasitosis: 1) is a rare cause of iron deficiency anemia, and 2) because of the gradual onset of the anemia, rapid correction with a massive transfusion is neither warranted nor advised.
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Balasubramaniyam, Kalpana, Grrishma Balakrishnan, Padmini Thalenjeri, and Varsha Rao. "A descriptive study of myriad risk factors in anemia of varied severity among reproductive female patients visiting a tertiary care setup in coastal Karnataka." Biomedicine 43, no. 02 (2023): 706–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.2905.
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Introduction and Aim: Anemia is common among women within childbearing age. The present study was undertaken to analyze the burden ofsocio-demographic status, lifestyle determinants, menstrual parameters, and obstetric factors as risk factors among mild, moderate, and severe types of anaemic women of childbearing age and to assess their knowledge about it.
 
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 79 anemic women visiting a private medical college hospital in Karnataka. The study group was categorized into mild, moderate, and severe anemia based on the WHO criteria of haemoglobin concentration. Participants answered a validated and pretested questionnaire on their socio-demographic status, lifestyle characteristics, menstrual and obstetric history, and their knowledge regarding anemia.
 
 Results: Descriptive statistics were used for the data analysis. The prevalence of mild and moderate anemia in the rural setup was higher compared to urban living. Most of the participants with mild to moderate anemia had education up to primary schooling and were married homemakers. Participants with moderate to severe anemia belonged to the below poverty line status. There was a higher intake of white meat among moderate anemic participants compared to the other groups.Majority of the participants with mild to moderate anemia suffered from dysmenorrhoea. Only 51% of the participants knew that anemia is a health problem and most of the participants were ignorant of the features of anemia.
 
 Conclusion: We conclude that moderately anemic participants mostly belonged to rural areas, were less literate, belonging to lower economic strata, consuming white meat and junk food.
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V., Sarala, and Ushadevi Gopalan. "A study on prevalence of anemia in pregnancy in South India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 1 (2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20195617.
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Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a major health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries like India. Maternal and fetal outcomes are poor in pregnant patients with anemia. The most important cause of anemia is iron deficiency anemia which can be prevented by early oral iron supplementation.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of our tertiary care teaching institution for a period of one year. 1290 pregnant women coming to the antenatal OPD were screened for anemia and 490 women. Patients who were not anemic were excluded. 800 patients were enrolled in the study. Each patient was interviewed using a structured interview schedule and the data obtained was analyzed.Results: The percentage of anemia in pregnant women was 62% in our study of which 40% were mildly anemic, 55% were moderately anemic and 5% were severely anemic. Maximum number of anemic women -mild, moderate and severe was seen in the age group 20-24 years. Mild and severe anemia was seen more in the secondary educated women. Maximum percentage of anemia was seen in the lower socio-economic status followed by middle and was lowest in the higher socio-economic status group. Prevalence of anemia was almost equal in primigravida and multigravidas (around 50%) but 80% of severely anemic patients were multigravida. Almost 68% took iron and folic acid tablets regularly.Conclusions: Treating anemia in pregnant women will go a long way in improving maternal and fetal outcome. Hence a future healthy younger generation can be produced. Iron tablets can be distributed at school to young girls to prevent anemia in future women.
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Dolai, Tuphan Kanti, Somnath Mondal, Manisha Jain, and Prakas Kumar Mandal. "The prevalence of anemia among the tribal children from the western districts of West Bengal, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 2 (2021): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210239.
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Background: Tribal population in West Bengal constitutes a significant proportion (5.1%) and the vulnerable group because of lower socio-economic status, poor literacy rate and malnutrition. The present study was conducted to evaluate hemoglobin level and prevalence of anemia among the tribal children from the western districts of West Bengal, India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on school going (class I to class VIII) tribal children (≥5 to <13years) during March 2019 to February 2020. A complete blood count was done by automated blood cell counter and anemia was classified as per WHO criteria. They were also tested for markers of common nutritional anemias (serum ferritin, serum vitamin B12 and serum folate). Data entry and analysis was done on SPSS version 15. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Total 1, 010 tribal children were included with male:female=1:1.35. Among these, 46.34% (n=468) children had anemia. Among all anemic children 47.65% (n=223), 51.93% (n=243/468) and 0.42% (n=2) respectively had mild, moderate and severe anemia. There was a high prevalence (81.68%) of microcytic red blood cells in the total cohort; among anemic children, 53.94% have microcytosis while no macrocytosis was revealed. Among all grade anemias, iron, folate and vitamin B12 deficiency were found in 44.65% (n=209/468), 13.24% (n=62/468) and 25% (n=117/468) respectively.Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia among tribal children of West Bengal is a matter of concern. The high prevalence of microcytic indices in non-anemic population highlights the dire need for screening for the causes of anemia in this population.
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Raj, Smruthi C., Kruthika M. L., and Vidhyasree S. "Impact of severe anemia during pregnancy on maternal outcome." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 11 (2019): 4485. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20194880.
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Background: Anemia is a global problem. Its prevalence in India is about 60%. Anemia directly or indirectly contributes to a significant proportion (40%) of maternal deaths in developing countries. The present study aimed to determine maternal outcome among pregnant women with severe anemia.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Mc Gann teaching district hospital, Shimoga, over a period six months i.e from January 2019 to June 2019. The study population included all pregnant women who were in their third trimester and with severe anemia (Hb%</=7g%) attending for routine care at our hospital. The interviews were conducted in regional language. The information collected was, social demographic characteristics, economic characteristics and reproductive health history. After the interviews, clinical examinations were conducted and clinical samples such as blood, urine and stool were collected to perform investigations.Results: A total of 94 study participants were included in the study. All study participants were belonged to the low socio-economic strata of the society. 68.1% of women in anemia group were from a rural background. Unbooked and referred cases constituted nearly 4/5th of all anemic subjects (84%). In study group, preponderance of illiteracy was reported and accounted for 60.64% followed by primary and secondary education 23.04% and 14.90% respectively. Common maternal complications noted in the severely anemic group was PPH (14.9%), post-partum febrile morbidity (5.3%), CCF (3.2%) and sepsis (4.2%) while in the control group only one woman had post-partum febrile morbidity.Conclusions: In our study, common maternal complications noted in the severely anemic group were post-partum hemorrhage, postpartum febrile morbidity, congestive cardiac failure and puerperal sepsis.
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Brock, K. V., J. B. Jones, R. M. Skull, and L. N. D. Potgieter. "Effect of canine parvovirus on erythroid progenitors in phenylhydrazine-induced regenerative hemolytic anemia in dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 50, no. 6 (1989): 965–69. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1989.50.06.965.
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SUMMARY The effects of canine parvovirus (cpv) infection in dogs with hemolytic anemia was compared with the clinical effects of human parvovirus-induced aplastic anemia in human beings with chronic regenerative anemias. Phenylhydrazine was used to induce a transient, severe, hemolytic anemia in dogs to evaluate the effects of cpv infection on rapidly dividing bone marrow precursors. Erythrocyte colony-forming unit bone marrow cultures and cytologic examination of bone marrow were used to determine the effects of cpv infection on erythroid bone marrow precursors. The induced hemolytic anemia regenerated rapidly and although the bone marrow was infected, it was determined that cpv infection did not induce a detectable decrease in erythroid progenitors in dogs with severe hemolytic anemia.
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Rajan, Ann Reshma, Sreelakshmi Arun, C. V. Anthrayose (Andrews) Kakkanatt, Aboobacker Mohammed Rafi, and Brinda Soman. "Retinal changes in anemia - A comparative cross sectional study using SD-OCT." Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 10, no. 2 (2024): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2024.067.
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To study the retinal changes in various grades of anemia and compare them with controls by analysing the peripapillary RNFL (retinal nerve fibre layer) thickness and CDR (cup-disc ratio) in OCT.Anemia is a common health problem, iron deficiency (IDA) being the most common type. It has deleterious visual effects through enhancement of ischemic effects.Changes in RNFL and CDR are seen in many ischemic retinal diseases.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non invasive imaging modality that gives a cross-sectional topographic imaging of retina.Our study aims at analysing RNFL thickness and CDR by OCT in our subjects.Our study was conducted including 44 each of anemic and non anemic people, after classifying the anemic group further based on WHO criteria. After detailed clinical examination, OCT was done and peri-papillary RNFL in 4 quadrants and vertical CDR were assessed and compared.Peripapillary RNFL thickness in anemia group was significantly thinner than controls, the change more pronounced in severe anemia than other groups. CDR was significantly high in severe anemia than others.Retinal changes in anemia has a correlation with the severity of anemia. RNFL and CDR changes can predispose to serious visual defects in future. Hence, anemia screening and correction along with frequent clinical and OCT evaluation in such patients can be useful in early detection and prevention of anemic retinopathy.
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Yoo, Eun-Hyung, and Hyun-Jung Cho. "Prevalence of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency in Korean Patients with Anemia." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 5164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.5164.5164.
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Abstract Abstract 5164 Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a very common health problem in Korea. Vitamin D has been suggested to have an important role on nonskeletal functions including cellular proliferation and differentiation, muscle function, immunity and erythropoiesis. Recent studies have been reported that vitamin D deficiency had associated with iron deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic kidney disease, and anemia of inflammation. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Korean patients with anemia and also analyzed the association between vitamin D status and specific subtypes of anemia. Methods: A total of 147 anemic patients (median age 66 years, range 19∼91 years) and 300 nonanemic controls (median age 60 years, range 29∼87 years) were included. Anemia was defined according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The deficiency of 25(OH)D was defined as <20 ng/mL and severe deficiency was defined as <10 ng/mL. We compared serum 25(OH)D levels based on the presence and subtypes of anemia. Results: The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was 74% (109/147) and 70% (210/300) in anemic (median Hb 9. 6 g/dL) and nonanemic group (median Hb 14. 3 g/dL), respectively. The prevalence of severe 25(OH)D deficiency was significantly higher in anemic group than in nonanemic group [44. 8% (66/147) vs 11. 7% (35/300), P<0. 0001] Odds ratio for severe 25(OH)D deficiency in anemic patients was 6. 17 (95% CI 3. 820–9. 965, P<0. 0001). The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was not different between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) group and anemia of chronic disease (ACD) group. However, the serum 25(OH)D levels of ACD patients were lower than those of IDA patients in male (median 25(OH)D 14. 34 ng/mL vs 23. 04 ng/mL, P=0. 04). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that severe vitamin D deficiency is associated with anemia in Korea. Although vitamin D deficiency is also very common in nonanemic Korean population, anemia is related to much worse vitamin D deficient status. Multiple factors including poor nutritional status and potential roles of vitamin D on inflammation and erythropoiesis might be considered. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Emomzoda, I. Kh, Sh F. Odinaev, M. E. Rajabzoda, and R. A. Tursunov. "Effectiveness of antianemic therapy for patients with severe iron deficiency anemia." Health care of Tajikistan, no. 4 (February 26, 2024): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52888/0514-2515-2023-359-4-109-116.
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Aim. To assess the effectiveness of antianemic therapy in patients with severe iron deficiency anemia.Material and Methods. For inpatient treatment, 30 patients with severe iron deficiency anemia, who exhibited significant cardiovascular system disturbances in the form of developed cardiomyopathy of anemic origin, were selected.Results and discussion. Therefore, the therapy conducted on average contributes to an increase in hemoglobin level by 5.0-6.0 g/l, serum iron by 1.25 µmol/l, and erythrocytes up to 4.0±0.03. In addition to the pronounced clinical effect, patients showed an increase in hemoglobin levels from 75.0±4.5 g/l to 95.0±5.0 g/l. The content of total lipids did not change significantly.Conclusion. The treatment course conducted in patients with severe forms of anemia was found to contribute to an increase in the number of erythrocytes, and levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron, and ferritin. This suggests its effectiveness and safety as a treatment method for patients with iron deficiency anemia in the context of developed cardiomyopathy of anemic origin.
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Toft, Gunnar, Uffe Heide-Jørgensen, Heleen van Haalen, et al. "Anemia and clinical outcomes in patients with non-dialysis dependent or dialysis dependent severe chronic kidney disease: a Danish population-based study." Journal of Nephrology 33, no. 1 (2019): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40620-019-00652-9.
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Abstract Background Routine clinical evidence is limited on clinical outcomes associated with anemia in patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods We linked population-based medical databases to identify individuals with severe CKD (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) in Northern Denmark from 2000 to 2016, including prevalent patients as of 1 January 2009 or incident patients hereafter into the study. We classified patients as non-anemic (≥ 12/≥ 13 g/dl hemoglobin (Hgb) in women/men), anemia grade 1 (10–12/13 g/dl Hgb in women/men), 2 (8–10 g/dl Hgb), and 3+ (< 8 g/dl Hgb), allowing persons to contribute with patient profiles and risk time in consecutively more severe anemia grade cohorts. Patients were stratified by dialysis status and followed for clinical outcomes. Results We identified 16,972 CKD patients contributing with a total of 28,510 anemia patient profiles, of which 3594 had dialysis dependent (DD) and 24,916 had non-dialysis dependent (NDD) severe CKD. Overall, 14% had no anemia, 35% grade 1 anemia, 44% grade 2 anemia and 17% grade 3+ anemia. Compared to patients with no anemia, adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for NDD patients with grade 3+ anemia were elevated for incident dialysis (1.91, 95% CI 1.61–2.26), any acute hospitalization (1.74, 95% CI 1.57–1.93), all-cause death (1.82, 95% CI 1.70–1.94), and MACE (1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.26). Similar HRs were observed among DD patients. Conclusions Among NDD or DD patients with severe CKD, presence and severity of anemia were associated with increased risks of incident dialysis for NDD patients and with acute hospitalizations, death and MACE for all patients.
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Fauziah, Nuraini, Kristian Triatmaja Raharja, and Nindi Pramesthi Vardila Putri. "The Relationship of Nutritional Status and Anemia Status in Adolescent Women in Sampang District." International Journal of Research and Review 11, no. 3 (2024): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240317.
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Background: Anemia is still a cause of health problems for adolescent girls and pregnant women. Anemia prevalence for reproductive age in the world is 29.9%. Anemia is caused by low hemoglobin (Hb) so that the body does not get enough oxygen-rich blood. Adolescents' vulnerability to anemia is mainly caused by the increased need for macronutrients and micronutrients, especially iron and folic acid, which are related to physical growth. Several studies have found a relationship between nutritional status and anemia. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status and anemia status in adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional correlative analytical study with primary data from 372 samples. The sampling technique was cluster random sampling in 12 stunting locus villages in Sampang Regency in November 2023. The nutritional status variable was measured by BMI/Age and anemia status by Hb levels. Univariate data analysis in the form of frequencies and percentages and bivariate using the Spearman test. Results: The average age of respondents is 15 years. The mean z-score value based on BMI/Age was -0.45 ± 1.76, the lowest value was -2.91 and the highest was 2.12. Based on the z-score value, 173 people (46.5%) showed normal nutritional status, then 24.7% were thinness, 20.2% were underweight, 4.6% were overweight and 4% were obese. The number of teenagers who were not anemic was 66.1%, 21.5% with moderate anemia, 7.3% with mild anemia and 5.1% with severe anemia. Bivariate results showed that there was a significant relationship between nutritional status and anemia (p≤0.05). Teenage girls who have thinness nutritional status and severe anemia are 42.1%, normal nutritional status and not anemic are 50.4%, normal nutritional status and mild anemia are 40.7%, and normal nutritional status and moderate anemia are 40. %. Conclusion: There is a relationship between nutritional status and anemia. The thinness nutritional status of adolescent girls, make more severe anemia they have. Young women need to increase their consumption of macro and micronutrients, especially iron intake, to improve their nutritional status. Keywords: Nutritional Status, Anemia, Adolescents, BMI, Haemoglobin
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Mandic, Vesna, Zeljko Mikovic, Dejan Filimonovic, Milan Djukic, Mladenko Vasiljevic, and Mirjana Bogavac. "Noninvasive diagnosis of fetal anemia in RH-alloimmunized pregnancies by color Doppler." Medical review 58, no. 5-6 (2005): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0506275m.
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Introduction. Fetal anemia is usually diagnosed by invasive procedures, such as amniocentesis and cordocentesis. As these procedures carry a substantial risk for pregnancy loss, a nonivasive method for diagnosing fetal anemia is needed. Doppler allows measurement of blood flow velocity in fetal vessels. In anemic fetuses increased velocities in medial cerebral artery (MCA) are registered. The aim of our study was to evaluate if there were changes in blood flow waveforms in anemic fetuses' MCA, and if these changes correlated with values of fetal hematological parameters. Material and methods. A clinical study evaluated 172 pregnancies of gestational age between 28 and 32 weeks, in which cordocentesis was performed due to maternal Rh-alloimmunization. During sonographic examination we evaluated blood flow velocities and pulsatility index (Pi) in MCA. We registered hematological parameters such as hemoglobin and hematocrit. Based on hemoglobin levels, all fetuses were divided into four groups: nonanemic (140 g/l); mild anemia (120-139.9 g/l); moderate anemia (100-119.9 g/l) and severe anemia requiring intrauterine transfusion (99.9 g/l). We compared mean systolic velocities and Pi between groups and studied the correlation between MCA mean systolic velocities and hemoglobin and hematocrit values. Statistical analysis was done using AN OVA test and parameter linear correlation. The difference was considered to be significant if p < 0.05. Results Out of 172 fetuses, 60 (34.09%) were nonanemic, 56 (31.82%) showed mild anemia, 56 (31.82%) moderate anemia and 24 (13.64%) fetuses had severe anemia. Anemic fetuses had significantly higher MCA flow velocities compared to nonanemic fetuses. Values of Pi decreased in severe forms of fetal anemia, but the difference wasn't significant. Levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit showed inverse correlation with the values of MCA mean systolic velocities, while correlation with the values of Pi wasn't observed. Discussion. Cerebral blood flow velocity in medial cerebral artery was assessed to diagnose fetal anemia. MCA mean systolic velocity is increased in anemic fetuses and correlates with the degree of anemia. The main advantage of this parameter is that advanced software programs are not necessary. We can conclude that in cases of Rh-alloimmunization in anemic fetuses increased MCA mean systolic velocities are registered. There is an inverse correlation between MCA mean systolic velocities and hemoglobin and hematocrit values. We suggest that measurements of MCA mean systolic velocities should be used in fetuses at risk for anemia and in selection of fetuses requiring invasive procedures. .
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Al-hajjiah, Nasma N., and Mohammed A Almkhadree. "THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL ANEMIA ON THE ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS IN FULLTERM NEONATES." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 4 (2018): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i4.25579.
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Objective: The current study was performed to understand the effect of maternal anemia and its severity on anthropometric measurement of full-term neonates.Methods: In this study, 254 pregnant women were involved in this study. The women with anemia were classified depending on the hemoglobin concentration into three groups of mild (10.9–9.0 g/dl), moderate (8.9–7.0 g/dl), and severe anemia (˂7.0 g/dl). The anthropometric measurements of the newborns were measured including birth weight, length, and head and chest circumference. Mothers with chronic diseases, preterm neonates, postdate neonates, neonates with congenital anomalies, or critical illnesses had been excluded from the study.Results: A total of 147 (58%) mothers had normal hemoglobin levels, and 107 (42%) mothers were anemic. The newborns were 123 males and 131 females. From the anemic mothers, 59 (55%) neonates had low weight, and 48 (45%) neonates had normal weight. In mothers with mild anemia (n=83), 40 (48%) neonates had low weight. In mothers with moderate anemia (n=21), 16 (76%) neonates had low weight. In mothers with severe anemia (n=3), all of their neonates had low weight. The current study revealed a statistically significant difference (p=0.002) in the anthropometric measurement of the full-term neonates between anemic and non-anemic mothers. There was also a statistically significant difference (p=0.001) in the anthropometric measurement of the full-termed neonates between severely and mildly anemic mothers.Conclusion: The current study shows that maternal anemia affects the anthropometric measurements of newly delivered full-term neonates. Neonates born to anemic mothers had low birth weight and shorter length than those in neonates who were born to non-anemic mothers.
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Agbozo, Faith, Abdulai Abubakari, Joyce Der, and Albrecht Jahn. "Maternal Dietary Intakes, Red Blood Cell Indices and Risk for Anemia in the First, Second and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy and at Predelivery." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (2020): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030777.
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As anemia remains a major public health problem in Ghana, we examined the effect of dietary intakes, and antenatal care (ANC) practices on red cell indices and anemia prevalence during the pregnancy continuum for 415 women. Dietary history was taken using the Food and Agriculture Organization minimum dietary diversity indicator for women (MDD-W). Intake of ≥5 food groups was a proxy for micronutrient adequacy. Odds for anemia and meeting the MDD-W were estimated using ordinal and binary logistic regressions respectively. Intakes of 41.4% were micronutrient inadequate. At any time point in pregnancy, 54.4% were anemic (mild = 31.1%; moderate = 23.1%; severe = 0.2%) with 10%-point variation across the first (57.3%), second (56.4%) and third (53.3%) trimesters and pre-delivery (47.7%); 27.8% were anemic throughout pregnancy while 17.1% were never anemic. Morphologically, microcytic (79.4%) and hypochromic (29.3%) anemia were most prevalent, indicating nutritional deficiencies. Planning the pregnancy was a significant determinant for meeting the MDD-W. Overall, adolescence, poor diet, suboptimum ANC and underweight were associated with moderate and severe anemia. In specific time-points, dietary counselling, malaria, iron-folic acid supplementation, sickle cell disease and preeclampsia were observed. Decline of anemia during pregnancy suggests the positive impact of ANC services and supports strengthening education on dietary diversification during ANC.
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Qurat-ul-Ain, Dr, Dr Farooq Ahmad Dar, and Dr Ofayra Farooq. "Prevalence of Anemia Among Pregnant Women of Tribal Community in Kashmir: A Prospective Observational Study." International Journal of Research and Review 9, no. 10 (2022): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20221031.
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Background: A lack of nutrition is one of the most frequent causes of anaemia. Anemia is a significant but preventable public health issue that affects pregnant women all over the world. The present study has been objectively conducted to ascertain the prevalence of anaemia among tribal pregnant women of J & K. Methods: The study was a prospective observational study conducted over a period of one and a half year. Around 200 admitted antenatal Gujjar and Bakarwal women were included in this study. Results: We observed that the overall prevalence of anemic patients among the studied subjects was 35.5%. Of them 53.5% had mild anemia, 26.8% had moderate anemia and 19.7% had severe anemia. The prevalence of anemic rates increased significantly with age and parity. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women of tribal community increases significantly with age and parity of patient. The relative prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia was observed as 53.5%, 26.8% and 19.7% respectively. The reason for high anemic rates among such patients is multifaceted which includes low family income, illiteracy, high parity, poor dietary habits and irregular intake of iron and folic acid supplements. Keywords: Anaemia, tribal population, Pregnant Women, Prevalence
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Khosla, Meera, Hala S. Hassanain, and Lawrence Rice. "Congenital Hemolytic Anemias Presenting As Severe Anemia in Older Patients." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (2024): 5243. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-212210.
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Mild congenital hemolytic anemias can become worse with aging and co-morbidities. We currently care for four patients in whom we established the diagnosis of Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS) or Hereditary Elliptocytosis (HE) after age 70. All had received multiple red blood cell transfusions. One had “failed” hypomethylating agent therapy for misdiagnosed myelodysplastic syndrome. Another patient (after three bone marrow exams) was about to start treatment for multiple myeloma (he had a small monoclonal gammopathy); he now has a normal hemoglobin after splenectomy for HS. The peripheral blood smear was strongly suggestive of the diagnosis in all patients. In three of the four, the diagnosis was confirmed by genetic testing and first-degree relatives were identified who also were affected. In the fourth patient, genetic and family studies are planned. Hematologists and hematopathologists should be vigilant for congenital hemolytic anemias becoming symptomatic in older people, sparing them misdiagnosis and mistreatment. With the de-emphasis on microscopic morphology skills in modern medical curriculae, this may be becoming a larger problem.
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Khoshdel, Z., and S. Tomas. "A Prospective Study on Impact of Anemia and Iron Supplementation in Pregnancy, Baptist Hospital, Bangalore, India." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 5 (2021): 1456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211551456.
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Aim: A prospective study on Impact of Anemia and Iron Supplementation in Pregnancy, Baptist Hospital, Bangalore, India Methodology: the prospective observational study was conducted for 6 months from September 2016_Febrry to 2017. All inpatients women who are pregnant and anemic. The patient data collection was used to collect all the details like inpatient number, age, sex, social history, history, laboratory data, diagnosis, therapeutic management. All inpatients diagnosed anemia in pregnancy and pregnant women without anemia. Fulfilling the inclusion criteria will be enrolled into the study and their prescriptions will be analyzed on daily basis. The prescription guidelines, Micromedex, interaction checker, drug interaction database, and Stockley's drug interaction book 8 edition. The drug interaction in prescription was collected and then compare with guidelines. When the analysis of prescription was completed then all data entered into the appropriate software and the results were gained. Results: The present study was focused to find out the presence of anemia in 110 pregnant women who were admitted to gynecology and OBG wards of BBH (Bangalore Baptist Hospital). Presence study showed that anemia was Confirmed in 50 patients. Of these 28(25.4%) of them diagnosed as mild anemic, 20 (18.1%) Of them with Moderate and 2(1.8%) of them as severe anemic patients. The result of this study showed that LBW is higher in anemic women 19(25%) compared to non-anemic 17(21%). Conclusion: The present study showed from a total of 110 patients were included in this study, anemia was confirmed in 50 patients. Of these 28(25.4%) of them diagnosed as mild anemic, 20(18.1%) Of them with Moderate and 2(1.8%) of them as severe anemic patients. More low-birth-weight (LBW) babies were born to anemic mothers. Anemia in pregnancy may be reduced by proper Iron and folic acid supplementation which can be improved through providing proper ANC services. Has also a recognizable association with fetal outcome. Keywords: Anemia, Iron, anemia, iron supplementation, pregnancy, low birth weight.
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Citoporta, Pranata, Nur I. Mashitoh, Widyastuti Serina, Iqbal R. Mohammad, and Chandra P. Aditya. "Challenges of Severe Malaria Management in Patient Returning from Jayapura, Indonesia Presented with Severe Anemia: A Case Report." International Journal of Clinical Science and Medical Research 04, no. 06 (2024): 180–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11408878.
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Abstract We report a 55-year-old woman who presented to the hospital with intermittent fever for a month. The patient had a history of living in a malaria endemic area (Jayapura, Papua Province, Indonesia) for approximately 15 years. The hemoglobin level was very low (4.2 mg/dL). Furthermore, we conducted a follow-up supporting examination, Malaria <em>Rapid Diagnostic Test</em> (RDT), the result was positive for malaria tropica (<em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>). Blood smear test was also carried out to confirm the diagnosis, the result was that immature trophozoites (ring shape) were found. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with severe malaria tropica with clinical manifestations indicative of severe anemia. The patient was treated for 3 days with anti-malarial drugs and supportive drugs according to the symptoms in the hospital and was advised to follow up 7 days later. This case report describe the challenges of severe malaria management in patient returning from Jayapura with severe anemia.
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Saraswathy, V., M. Subashini, R. L. Jayavani, Usha Vaithiyanathan, Reenaa Mohan, and R. Sindhuri. "Predictors of maternal and fetal outcome in severely anemic pregnant mothers: A sequential mixed methods study." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 12, no. 11 (2023): 2685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1089_23.
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Introduction: Severe anemia in pregnancy increases maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in the antenatal period. Objective: To find out the maternal and fetal outcomes in severely anemic pregnant women and explore the reason for the persistence of severe anemia in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: Sequential explanatory mixed method study (Quan-Qual) was conducted in the Government Women and Children Hospital for a period of 1 and half years. Most of the people were from rural backgrounds and belonging to low socioeconomic status have been registered. Quantitative data were collected from 125 severe anemic cases; a consecutive sampling technique was applied. In-depth interviews were conducted among purposively selected severe anemic patients (n = 15) who were vocal and willing to explore the reason for the persistence of anemia. The interviews were conducted till the point of saturation. Ethical principles were adhered throughout the study. Quantitative data were anlyzed using SPSS software. Manual content analysis was done for qualitative data. Results: Among 125 severe anemic patients, 12.8% patients had preterm labour, about 23.2% had inadequate lactation, and 13.6% had a puerperal febrile illness. It was found 41.6% of neonates had respiratory distress and 33.6% had the refusal of feeds. When compared to vaginal delivery, women undergoing cesarean section have 3.2 times (95% confidence interval 1.39-7.32) higher odds of developing maternal complications. Nagelkerke's R2 value for the model was 11.1%. Five broad categories namely Family centric nature, Lack of awareness, Pill burden, Food Fads, and Myths related to iron intake emerged from the study. Conclusion: Complications can occur in mothers and neonates if anemia is not corrected in early trimester.
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Sireen Shilbayeh, Rawan ALBalawi, Munirah Alhajri, et al. "Prevalence of anemia and its impact on the quality of life of renal transplant recipients in a Saudi setting." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 7747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.4210.
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Renal transplant patients show a high incidence of anemia, which is often responsible for cardiovascular morbidity and graft rejection. Anemia reportedly impacts the health-related quality of life (HRQoL); however, only a limited number of related studies have been conducted on renal transplant recipients. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of anemia and its effects on QoL of renal transplant patients in Saudi Arabia. Seventy-four patients were recruited in this study. They were asked to fill a self-reported EuroQoL instrument (EQ-5D-5L). Anemia and severe anemia were de????ined as Hgb < 12 g/dL and Hgb < 10 g/dL, respectively. Of the 74 recruited patients, 53 patients (71.6%) were anemic. Around 33.7% patients were reported to be completely healthy, with a 5-digit of 11111. With respect to EQ-5D-5L, the responses of anemic and non-anemic patients did not differ significantly. However, the response to anxiety-related questions for patients belonging to severe and mild-to-moderate anemia groups differed significantly. The final multivariate logistic model analysis revealed that the female gender of patient was significantly associated with incidence of anemia postoperatively [OR: 6.72, 95% CI: 1.7 - 25.6, P-value = 0.000]. Interestingly, our findings revealed a higher prevalence of anemia among the Saudi kidney patients compared to those of other nations. Furthermore, multicentric prospective studies are warranted to elucidate other clinical factors and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Arshad, Syed Ahmed, and Jamal Ara. "Anemia in Diabetes – An Added Dilemma." European Journal of Clinical Medicine 2, no. 3 (2021): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/clinicmed.2021.2.3.67.
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Aim: To study the frequency of anemia in diabetes of an adult population.
 Methodology: This cross-sectional observational study included 277 adult patients, above the age of 18 years, who were diagnosed as having diabetes by clinical and laboratory basis and were considerably controlled on their prescribed management. The study was conducted in Creek General Hospital Karachi from October to December 2020 by random based sampling technique. After a written consent answers were noted according to the questionnaire and the relevant data was tabulated and analyzed. Patients with complications or with other chronic illness, except hypertension, were excluded. The data was evaluated for the frequency of anemia in diabetics, categorizing the severity of anemia into mild, moderate, and severe. Universal variables like gender and age were assessed.
 Results: Among the 277 patients in the study, there were 121(43.7%) males and 156 (56.3%) females. There were 17 (6%) in the young age group, 162 (58.5%) in the middle age group and 98 (35.4%) elders. The mean hemoglobin was 11.1 gm/dl. Out of 277 there were 222 (80%) who fell in the category of anemia. There were 90 out of 121 (74%) males who were anemic and 132 out of 156 (84%) females who were anemic. The most frequent category of anemia was moderate anemia (48%) followed by mild category (46%). Mild anemia was more frequent in males while moderate anemia was more prevalent in females. Anemia was higher in percentage in the younger group (88%). Mild to moderate anemia was more prevalent than severe in all age groups. 81% of hypertensive, diabetic patients was anemic. 78% smokers had anemia. There was visible increase in frequency of anemia as the duration of diabetes increased. Conclusion: Anemia is highly prevalent in diabetics.
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Oster, Howard S., Michael Hoffman, Eythan Cohen, and Moshe Mittelman. "Anemia in Congestive Heart Failure: The Anemia Is Common and Is Associated with More Severe CHF - Results of a National Survey." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 3685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3685.3685.
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Abstract Anemia has been recognized as a risk as well as a precipitating factor in ischemic heart disease, and in congestive heart failure (CHF). However, there are still open questions regarding the prevalence of anemia in CHF, and the severity and associated clinical manifestations of the anemic CHF patient. In order to characterize CHF in Israel, a national survey was conducted during the period March 1–April 30, 2004. Data were collected on all patients with CHF exacerbation admitted to 96 departments of medicine and 26 cardiology units throughout the country. In this study we have focused on anemia in CHF patients with a special emphasis on the differences observed between CHF patients with anemia (A group) and CHF patients with no anemia (NA group). Results: Of 2388 patients admitted for exacerbation of CHF, 1326 (55.5%) were found to have anemia (&lt;13g/dl for men, &lt;12g/dl women). Both A and NA groups had similar male/female ratio (57.2%/42.8% A vs 53.5%/46.5% NA). The anemic patients (A) tended to be older (74.8 yrs A vs 72.5 yrs NA, p=0.00001), to have more prior hospitalizations (2.0 A vs 1.3 NA, p=0.0001), and to suffer from a more severe CHF. For example, 49.3% of anemic vs only 41% of non-anemic patients were reported to have baseline New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III–IV. Most notably both in-hospital and six-month mortality rates were significantly higher among anemic CHF patients (in-hospital: 6.6% A vs 4.6% NA, p=0.039; six-month: 25% A vs 15% NA, p&lt;0.00001). Interestingly, no difference was observed between the two groups in the percentage of CHF patients taking aspirin prior to admission. However, fewer anemic patients were discharged with aspirin (63.7% A vs 72.7% NA, p=0.00001). Conclusions: In this large survey of patients with CHF exacerbation, anemia was found to be common and the anemic patients were found to be older, to have more prior hospitalizations, more severe CHF (NYHA class III–IV), and higher in-hospital and six-month mortality rates. Because both groups had similar rates of aspirin usage, it may be suggested that aspirin plays no significant role in the development of anemia in such patients. Thus, the common practice of withholding this medication from anemic CHF patients may deserve reevaluation. Our data call for a prospective clinical trial, which will test the possibility that correction of the anemia (by RBC transfusion or recombinant erythropoietin) can improve the clinical outcome of the anemic CHF patient.
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Satish, Kumar, Kumar Vimal, Kumar Sinha Kishor, and Priyadarshi Ankur. "Investigation of Management Strategies for Pediatric Patients with Severe Anemia." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 6 (2024): 1218–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12740301.
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<strong>Background: </strong>Most common type of anemia in developing countries is nutritional anemia. Nutritional anemia can be due to iron deficiency (most common cause), folic acid deficiency, and Vitamin B12 deficiency or may be combination of these. Other types include hemolytic anemia, which can be either congenital or acquired. In India the prevalence is about 51%. <strong>Methods: </strong>In our study of 100 patients admitted to the Paediatrics Department, at JLNMCH, Bhagalpur. the entire exclusion and inclusion criterion were studied. All the patients were subjected to a detailed history, physical examination and further investigation and management. All cases were examined in detail according to proforma, investigations, pathological examinations and other special tests were also done. <strong>Results: </strong>Pallor has been observed in 100% of patients. Fever was evident in 62% of patients followed by weakness in 77% of patients, cough in 34 %, diarrhea in 4%, breathlessness in 4% etc.73% patients were treated with oral medication while 9 % required oral injectables while remaining required mixed pattern therapy. We advised nutrition advisory / counseling for all our patients. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our study, severe anemia was found to be associated with morbidity and other complications. The main principles in management of iron deficiency anemia include investigation and elimination of the cause leading to iron deficiency, replacement of deficiency, improvement of nutrition and education of the patient and family.
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Islam, Md Akhtarul, Sohani Afroja, Md Salauddin Khan, Sharlene Alauddin, Mst Tanmin Nahar, and Ashis Talukder. "Prevalence and Triggering Factors of Childhood Anemia: An Application of Ordinal Logistic Regression Model." International Journal of Clinical Practice 2022 (February 4, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2212624.
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Introduction. Anemia is indeed a significant risk factor for children’s health as it affects growth retardation and has severe short and prolonged effects that follow in morbidity and death. Notwithstanding such ways to tackle anemia, the prevalence remains high in India and poses a severe public health concern. Objectives. The primary focus of this study was to find the prevalence and to determine the factors associated with the anemia of children under five years of age in India. Problem Statement. The increasing prevalence of childhood anemia and the life-threatening consequences for millions of children in India are a major concern. Knowing the relevant associated factors with childhood anemia is essential to reduce the frequency and severity level. Study design. For analysis purposes, this study utilized a cross-sectional study design. Methodology. Using the Indian Demographic and Health Survey 2015–16 data, we used chi-squared and gamma tests to find the association. Then, we utilized multinomial logistic regression and ordinal logistic regression to find the better model and the influencing factors of anemia in India. Results. In our study, we have found that children with highly educated mothers were 36.7% less likely (OR = 0.633, P ≤ 0.001 , 95% CI: 0.608, 0.658) to be higher anemic than the children with not educated mother. Children with moderate and severe anemic mothers were 163.3% (OR = 2.633, P ≤ 0.001 , 95% CI: 2.565, 7.704) more likely to be higher anemic than the children with not anemic mother. Not stunting children were 21.9% (OR = 0.781, P ≤ 0.001 , 95% CI: 0 .764, 0.797) less likely to be higher anemic than the stunting children. Children aged 36–59 months were 73.9% (OR = 0.361, P ≤ 0.001 , 95% CI: 0.353, 0.369) less likely to be higher anemic than the children aged 6–24 months. Again, the ACI value revealed that ordinal logistic regression was a better-fitted model for these data. Conclusion and contribution. The variables such as stunting, underweight, wasting, child age, size of the child, and source of drinking water were the most critical indicators for child anemia in India. In summary, our study result indicated the major socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with childhood anemia in India, which can help the policymaker to take quick decision to reduce the severity level.
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Dokal, Inderjeet. "Severe aplastic anemia including Fanconiʼs anemia and dyskeratosis congenita". Current Opinion in Hematology 3, № 6 (1996): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00062752-199603060-00009.
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Mohammed, Khaled Shareef Munazza Shoukath Ayesha Quareen Ammara Mohd Avez Ali and Musa Khan. "A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANEMIAS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 08 (2018): 7374–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1342752.
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<strong><em>Aim and Objectives:</em></strong><em> To study and assess the pattern of anemia, utilization pattern of drugs, its management and compliance with the treatment.</em> <strong><em>Materials and Methods: </em></strong><em>In a prospective study spanning six months, the data of 100 patients was collected from In-Patient department of the General Medicine Department of Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad.</em> <strong><em>Results:</em></strong><em> About 29.4% of the anemic patients were from the age group 21-30 years while 23.5% belonged to the age group 31-40 years. The cases of anemia in the females (36.2%) were found to be higher than in males (31.8%). The body mass index of each anemic patient showed that 25.4% of the anemic patients were under-weight according to their BMI. Among all the co morbid conditions, hepatic conditions were most prevalent (23.5%) among anemic patients. The female medical history showed 39.6% of females with a history of menorrhagia. 10.7% of the total cases of anemia were drug induced making flouroquinolones with the highest number of cases of drug induced anemia. More than half of the cases were of severe anemia (62.7%). About 52.7% of the cases included blood transfusion to treat the anemia. </em> <strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong><em> Females were found to be the most prevalent group of patients to have developed anemia with some underlying gynecological and obstetric history. The in patients mostly had a severe form of anemia and treatment was done through blood transfusion and intravenous supplies. The clinical manifestations among all the subjects vary widely and an in depth analysis of each case of anemia will give more detailed information on the treatment pattern and other parameters associated.</em> <strong>Keywords:</strong><em> Anemia, Clinical Manifestations, Medical History, Compliance Management, Observation.</em>
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Pandey, Varsha. "Study of Spectrum of anemia in various age groups." IP Archives of Cytology and Histopathology Research 6, no. 3 (2021): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.achr.2021.044.
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: Anemia is major health problem world-wide especially in developing countries. Globally 1.62 billion persons are affected. It has grave consequences on human health. The present study evaluates the severity and morphology of anemia in various age groups in rural population. : 1): To study degree and severity of anemia in study population; 2): To study distribution of anemia in various age groups; 3): To study morphological spectrum of anemia in study population. s: The study includes 792 patients having low concentration of hemoglobin for their age & sex. The other hematological parameters and morphology were analyzed. : In our study, females constituted 72.6% (575/792) of study population and male constituted 27.4% (217/792) of population. Pediatric patients (up to 15 years of age) constituted 10% of study population. Out of 792 anemic patients, 439 (55.4%) were having moderate anemia, 228 (28.7%) were having mild anemia & 125 (15.78%) were having severe anemia. Out of 792 anemic patients, 384 (48.4%) were having microcytic hypochromic anemia, 296 (37.37%) were having normocytic normochromic anemia, 84 (10.6%) were having macrocytic anemia and 3.5% were having hemolytic anemia. Out of 792 anemic patients, 439 (55.4%) were having moderate anemia, 228 (28.7%) were having mild anemia & 125 (15.78%) were having severe anemia. In our study anemia was more common in females as compared to males constituting majority of study population which is in concordance with other studies also. Moderate anemia was more common in study population as well as in various sub-groups being in concordance with other studies too. Morphologically microcytic hypochromic anemia was the most common type of anemia especially in adult females. Pregnant females were found to have normocytic normochromic anemia predominantly. Most of the cases of hemolytic anemia was found in children &#60;15years. Similarly macrocytic anemia was found more commonly in adult males. Anemia is the most hematological abnormality found in daily practice, though found in all age groups but quite higher in females. The main objective for diagnosing anemia is to make clinician aware so that they can take measures to prevent and control anemia.
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Piso, Rein Jan, Kveti Kriz, and Marie-Claire Desax. "Severe isoniazid related sideroblastic anemia." Hematology Reports 3, no. 1 (2011): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/hr.2011.e2.
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Peffault de Latour, Régis. "Cyclophosphamide in severe aplastic anemia?" Blood 124, no. 18 (2014): 2758–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-09-600205.
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Jayabose, S., O. Tugal, R. Ruddy, D. Clavarella, S. Sunkara, and V. Escobedo. "Transfusion therapy for severe anemia." Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology 13, no. 1 (1991): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043426-199121000-00074.
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Calis, Job C. J., Kamija S. Phiri, E. Brian Faragher, et al. "Severe Anemia in Malawian Children." New England Journal of Medicine 358, no. 9 (2008): 888–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa072727.
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Thakur, Neha, Jagdish Chandra, Harish Pemde, and Varinder Singh. "Anemia in severe acute malnutrition." Nutrition 30, no. 4 (2014): 440–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2013.09.011.
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