Relevant bibliographies by topics / Severe plastic deformation methods

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Academic literature on the topic 'Severe plastic deformation methods'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 7 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Severe plastic deformation methods"

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Utyashev, F. Z., A. V. Botkin, E. P. Volkova, and R. Z. Valiev. "Rational Methods of Plastic Deformation Providing Formation of Ultrafine-Grained Structure in Large-Sized Products." Reviews on Advanced Materials and Technologies 6, no. 1 (2024): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17586/2687-0568-2024-6-1-12-23.

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Based on the peculiarities of plastic deformation mechanics and physical mesomechanics, the processes are considered and technological schemes for their realization are proposed to ensure the formation of ultrafine-grained structure in axisymmetric products of large sizes. Deformation of coarse-grained materials in temperature-velocity conditions of superplastic deformation and methods of severe plastic deformation are taken as methods of preparation of such a structure. All of these deformations include large strain, and they are carried out at low hydraulic press speeds, but at different temperatures: in the mode of superplasticity at hot temperatures, and in the mode of severe plastic deformation at warm or cold temperature deformation. The first mode allows grains to be refined to microcrystalline sizes of 1–10 microns, and such a material acquires the ability to deform in a state of superplasticity, i.e., in tension with low resistance to deformation and high elongation. The second mode (severe plastic deformation) refines grains to submicro- (1÷0.1 µm) and nanosizes (less than 0.1 µm), thus giving metal materials record structural strength, as well as the possibility to use processing in extended temperature-velocity conditions of superplastic deformation in comparison with microcrystalline structure.
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Alexander, David J. "New Methods for Severe Plastic Deformation Processing." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 16, no. 3 (2007): 360–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-007-9054-y.

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Du, Fei, Shwetabh Yadav, Cesar Moreno, Tejas Gorur Murthy, and Christopher Saldana. "Incipient straining in severe plastic deformation methods." Journal of Materials Research 29, no. 5 (2014): 718–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.26.

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Beygelzimer, Y., R. Kulagin, Y. Estrin, O. Davydenko, and A. Pylypenko. "Micromanufacturing by severe plastic deformation." Обробка матеріалів тиском, no. 2(49) (December 22, 2019): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37142/2076-2151/2019-2(49)87.

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Beygelzimer Y., Kulagin R., Estrin Y., Davydenko O., Pylypenko A. Micromanufacturing by severe plastic deformation // Material working by pressure. – 2019. – № 2 (49). - Р. 87-90.
 The production of precision small-scale objects is now a rapidly expanding industry worldwide. In English literature, it has been named "Micromanufacturing" and covers the production of meso (1-10 mm) and micro size (1-1000 microns) for aerospace, automotive, optical, biomedical and other engineering fields. Features of "Micromanufacturing" poses the following challenges for material science. First, the mechanical properties of materials for small-sized products are significantly different from those of traditional mechanical engineering. This means that micromanufacturing requires new materials, and in very small quantities, for traditional mechanical engineering quantities. Small-scale production of new materials by traditional metallurgical methods is, at least, unprofitable. Thus, the problem arises to create technologies that allow to produce small batches of various metallic materials with specified properties. Secondly, micromanufacturing requires sub-microcrystalline materials. Finally, to produce a series of identical products from the same workpiece, the statistical variation in the material properties in its bulk is as narrow as possible. Metallurgical methods designed to produce large volume blanks may not provide the degree of uniformity of materials required for micro-production. The article shows that the solution of these three problems is possible by applying the methods of severe plastic deformation.
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VERLINDEN, BERT. "Severe plastic deformation of metals." Metalurgija-Journal of Metallurgy 11, no. 3 (2005): 165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/380.

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This paper provides an introduction in the field of severe plastic deformation (SPD). First of all the main methods to produce SPD materials are discussed. In the following section, the mechanisms leading to the formation of fine grains are reviewed and the influence of changes in strain path is highlighted. During post-SPD thermal annealing, some typical microstructural changes take place. The influence of SPD and subsequent annealing on strength, ductility and superplastic properties are reviewed. Finally the paper provides a short overview of fatigue resistance and corrosion properties of those materials.
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Miran, Seyedhossein. "Severe Plastic Deformation Methods to Achieve Nanostructured Materials." International Journal of Material Sciences 4, no. 3 (2014): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14355/ijmsci.2014.0403.02.

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Vilotic, Marko, Li Hui Lang, Sergei Alexandrov, and Dragisa Vilotic. "Severe Plastic Deformation-Key Features, Methods and Application." Materials Science Forum 1003 (July 2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1003.31.

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Compared to conventional metal forming methods, processing by severe plastic deformation is mostly used to improve the mechanical properties and not for the shaping of a product. Processed material usually has an average crystal grain size of less than a micron and as a result, the material exhibits improvements in most of the mechanical properties, such as yield and ultimate tensile strength, microhardness, sufficiently high workability, good corrosion resistance, and implant biocompatibility and others. In this paper, a brief review of the processing by severe plastic deformation was presented, including the benefits, major methods, and the application. Additionally, a brief review of two methods made by authors was made.
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Faraji, Ghader, and Hesam Torabzadeh. "An Overview on the Continuous Severe Plastic Deformation Methods." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 60, no. 7 (2019): 1316–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.mf201905.

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Beloshenko, V. A., and V. V. Chishko. "Deformation-heat treatment of Nb-Ti superconductors using severe plastic deformation methods." Physics of Metals and Metallography 114, no. 12 (2013): 992–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031918x13090032.

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Kvačkaj, Tibor, and Jana Bidulská. "From Micro to Nano Scale Structure by Plastic Deformations." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.842.

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Nowadays, the strategy for improving of mechanical properties in metals is not oriented to alloying followed by heat treatment. An effective way how to improve the mechanical properties of metals is focused on the research looking for some additional structural abilities of steels. Structural refinement is one of the ways. Refinement of the austenitic grain size (AGS) carried out through plastic deformation in a spontaneous recrystallization region of austenite, formation of AGS by plastic deformations in a non-recrystallized region of austenite will be considered as potential ways for AGS refinement. After classic methods of plastic deformations, next structure refinement can be obtained by an application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Severe plastic deformation methods"

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Kibar, Alp Aykut. "Investigation Of The Effect Of Dissimilar Channel Angular Pressing Method To The Mechanical And Microstuctural Properties Of 6061 Aluminum Alloy Sheets." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612140/index.pdf.

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Dissimilar Channel Angular Pressing (DCAP) method is an effective Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) technique to improve the mechanical properties of sheets or strips by producing ultrafine grains. The aim of this study is to investigate the evolution of the microstructure and the improvement in mechanical properties of 6061 Al-alloy strips deformed by DCAP up to 5 passes. Mechanical properties such as hardness and strength have been observed to increase up to a certain strain level depending on the microstructural evolution. These microstructural changes were investigated by the characterization studies of XRD, SEM and TEM analysis of the DCAPed samples indicating the subgrain formation, changes in the dislocation density and dislocation behaviors.
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Borodachenkova, Marina. "Severe plastic deformation of Al–Zn alloys." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15492.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Mecânica<br>In this work, the R&D work mainly focused on the mechanical and microstructural analysis of severe plastic deformation (SPD) of Al–Zn alloys and the development of microstructure–based models to explain the observed behaviors is presented. Evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–30wt% Zn alloy after the SPD by the high–pressure torsion (HPT) has been investigated in detail regarding the increasing amount of deformation. SPD leads to the gradual grain refinement and decomposition of the Al–based supersaturated solid solution. The initial microstructure of the Al–30wt% Zn alloy contains Al and Zn phases with grains sizes respectively of 15 and 1 micron. The SPD in compression leads to a gradual decrease of the Al and Zn phase grain sizes down to 4 microns and 252 nm, respectively, until a plastic strain of 0.25 is reached. At the same time, the average size of the Zn particles in the bulk of the Al grains increases from 20 to 60 nm and that of the Zn precipitates near or at the grain boundaries increases as well. This microstructure transformation is accompanied at the macroscopic scale by a marked softening of the alloy. The SPD produced by HPT is conducted up to a shear strain of 314. The final Al and Zn grains refine down to the nanoscale with sizes of 370 nm and 170 nm, respectively. As a result of HPT, the Zn–rich (Al) supersaturated solid solution decomposes completely and reaches the equilibrium state corresponding to room temperature and its leads to the material softening. A new microstructure–based model is proposed to describe the softening process occurring during the compression of the supersaturated Al–30wt% Zn alloy. The model successfully describes the above–mentioned phenomena based on a new evolution law expressing the dislocation mean free path as a function of the plastic strain. The softening of the material behavior during HPT process is captured very well by the proposed model that takes into consideration the effects of solid solution hardening and its decomposition, Orowan looping and dislocation density evolution. In particular, it is demonstrated that the softening process that occurs during HPT can be attributed mainly to the decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution and, in a lesser extent, to the evolution of the dislocation mean free path with plastic strain.<br>Este trabalho foi dedicado à análise mecânica e microestrutural de uma liga Al–Zn submetida a um processo de deformação plástica severa (SPD) e ao desenvolvimento de modelos microestruturais para descrever os comportamentos observados. Foi investigada detalhadamente a evolução das propriedades mecânicas e da microestrutura da liga Al–30wt% Zn, após ensaios de torção a alta pressão (HPT), em função do grau de deformação. A SPD promoveu o refinamento gradual do grão e a decomposição da solução sólida de base Al sobressaturada. A microestrutura inicial da liga Al–30wt% Zn continha fases de Al e Zn com grãos de tamanhos 15 e 1 m, respetivamente. A deformação plástica até 0.25, em compressão, promoveu a diminuição gradual do tamanho dos grãos de Al e Zn até 4 m e 252 nm, respetivamente. Simultaneamente, o tamanho médio das partículas de Zn na rede cristalina de grãos de Al aumentou de 20 para 60 nm e, de forma idêntica, também aumentaram os precipitados de Zn na proximidade ou nos contornos de grão. Esta transformação microestrutural foi acompanhada, à escala macroscópica, por um forte amaciamento da liga. Os ensaios HPT foram conduzidos até uma deformação de corte de 314. Com esta SPD, as dimensões dos grãos de Al e Zn diminuiram até à nanoescala; para 370 nm e 170 nm, respetivamente. Como resultado do ensaio HPT, a solução sólida sobressaturada de Al rica em Zn decompôs–se completamente e atingiu o estado de equilíbrio à temperatura ambiente, com o consequente amaciamento do material. Foi criado um novo modelo, baseado na microestrutura do material, que permite descrever o processo de amaciamento que ocorre durante a forte compressão da liga Al–30wt% Zn. O fenómeno foi definido por uma nova lei que relaciona o caminho livre médio das deslocações com a deformação plástica. O modelo proposto permite prever muito bem o amaciamento do material durante o processo HPT, tendo em consideração os efeitos do endurecimento por solução sólida e sua decomposição, o mecanismo de Orowan e a evolução da densidade de deslocações. Em particular, ficou demonstrado que o processo de amaciamento que ocorre durante o ensaio HPT pode ser atribuído principalmente à decomposição da solução sólida sobressaturada e, em menor medida, à evolução do caminho livre médio das deslocações com a deformação plástica.
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MAGRO, TOMMASO. "Severe plastic deformation by backward tube flowforming." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3459215.

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Tailored components are increasingly used in modern industry, as they allow the exploitation of key properties, such as strength, thickness, corrosion protection, type of material, in specific areas of interest of the workpiece, removing the weight where not necessary for performance purposes. It is possible to use a class of processes called “Severe Plastic Deformation” to modify some of these properties. Through the considerable refinement of the crystalline grain resulting from the high plastic deformation to which the component is subjected, not only does the resistance of the material increase, but also decreases the presence of internal defects, and consequently increases the fatigue resistance. The smaller dimensions of the crystalline grain are finally linked to a higher resistance to corrosion. These processes, developed by the most common massive deformation processes such as extrusion, torsion, bending, rolling, are subject to various critical issues, including the laboratory-scale dimensions of the components that can be produced, resulting in poor industrial applicability, the problematic design and implementation of the process, and finally the high costs. From a review of the literature, it was possible to identify some critical points of scientific interest, first of all, the need to develop a process that at the same time guarantees a double objective: to obtain a component with high mechanical characteristics, typical of SPD processes, but with of suitable dimensions for possible use on an industrial scale. To implement a similar approach, attention was focused on the tube flowforming process, also known as tube spinning, which is generally not included among the SPD processes. However, since there are many elements in common (high refinement of the crystalline grain, absence of internal defects, high plastic strain), it was decided to use this technique to obtain two different types of products. The first is a tubular element, very difficult to make at present given the buckling and sticking problems, while the second type of product that can be obtained is a flat element, characterized by the same properties of the tubular component, obtained after cutting and straightening conducted on the tube. The purpose of this PhD thesis is to evaluate the feasibility of using the backward tube flowforming process to obtain tailored SPD components, thus assessing the influence of various process parameters both numerically and experimentally in some of the properties of the final component. To this end, two different equipment have been developed to perform the experimental tests, a traditional one, designed starting from the peculiar characteristics of the process available in the literature and simulated numerically, and an innovative equipment that uses a constraint placed radially to the tube, helpful in increasing the strain imposed during the process and improving the surface quality of the final component. The experimental tests, carried out using the AA6082-T4 alloy as reference material, allowed us to evaluate the variations in the mechanical characteristics of the starting material, reporting a high increase in microhardness and mechanical properties intended as yield strength and UTS. At the same time, following the theoretical result that associates an increase in mechanical performance with a decrease in the size of the crystalline grain, there was a high reduction in the size of the crystalline grain, with a portion of the tube characterized by a structure with microstructure highly refined, typical of SPD processes. The high deformation impressed on the tubular elements led to a reduction in ductility, which in any case did not affect the execution of the flattening process performed downstream of the flowforming process, allowing to obtain plates characterized by the same microstructure and mechanical characteristics of the initial flowformed tube.<br>L’utilizzo di componenti “su misura” trova sempre più spazio nell'industria moderna, poiché il loro impiego permette di sfruttare delle proprietà chiave, quali resistenza, spessore, protezione dalla corrosione, tipologia del materiale, in specifiche aree di interesse del pezzo, rimuovendo il peso dove non necessario ai fini prestazionali. Per modificare alcune di queste proprietà è possibile utilizzare una tipologia di processi denominata “Severe Plastic Deformation”. Tramite il notevole raffinamento della grana cristallina conseguente all’elevata deformazione plastica a cui il componente è soggetto, si ottiene un aumento della resistenza del materiale, ma si diminuisce la presenza di difetti interni, e conseguentemente si aumenta la resistenza a fatica. Le dimensioni inferiori della grana cristallina sono infine collegate ad una più elevata resistenza alla corrosione. Questi processi, sviluppati partendo dai più comuni processi di deformazione massiva quali estrusione, torsione, piegatura, laminazione, sono soggetti a diverse criticità, tra cui: le dimensioni su scala di laboratorio dei componenti che possono essere prodotti, con conseguente scarsa applicabilità industriale, la difficile progettazione e realizzazione del processo, e infine i costi elevati. Da una revisione della letteratura è stato possibile individuare alcuni punti critici di interesse scientifico, primo tra tutti l’esigenza di sviluppare un processo che allo stesso tempo garantisce un obiettivo duplice: ottenere un componente con caratteristiche meccaniche elevate, tipico dei processi SPD, ma con delle dimensioni idonee ad un eventuale utilizzo su scala industriale. Per attuare un simile approccio l’attenzione è stata focalizzata sul processo di tube flowforming, che generalmente non si annovera tra i processi SPD. Essendo molteplici gli elementi in comune (elevato raffinamento della grana cristallina, assenza di difetti interni, elevata deformazione plastica) si è deciso di utilizzare questa tecnica per ottenere due diverse tipologie di prodotto. Il primo è un elemento tubolare, molto difficile da realizzare allo stato attuale visti i problemi di buckling e sticking, mentre il secondo è un elemento piatto, caratterizzato dalle stesse proprietà dell’elemento tubolare, ricavato dopo le operazioni di taglio e spianatura condotte sul tubo. Lo scopo di questa tesi di dottorato è quello di valutare la fattibilità nell’utilizzo del processo di backward tube flowforming per ottenere componenti con microstruttura raffinata creati “su misura”, valutando quindi sia a livello numerico sia a livello sperimentale l’influenza di vari parametri di processo su alcune delle proprietà del componente finale. A tal fine per eseguire le prove sperimentali sono state sviluppate due diverse attrezzature, una tradizionale, progettata partendo dalle caratteristiche peculiari del processo reperibili in letteratura e simulate numericamente, ed un’attrezzatura innovativa che utilizza un vincolo radiale, utile per aumentare la deformazione impressa durante il processo e per aumentare la qualità superficiale del componente finale. Le prove sperimentali, condotte utilizzando come materiale di riferimento la lega di alluminio 6082-T4, hanno permesso di valutare le variazioni delle caratteristiche meccaniche del materiale di partenza, riportando un elevato incremento di durezza e delle proprietà meccaniche intese come limite di snervamento e UTS. Allo stesso tempo si è avuta un’elevata riduzione della dimensione del grano cristallino, con una porzione di tubo caratterizzata da una microstruttura altamente raffinata. L’elevata deformazione ha comportato una riduzione della duttilità, che comunque non ha influito sull'esecuzione del processo di spianatura e di ottenere piatti con caratteristiche uguali al tubo flowformato di partenza.
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Yapici, Guney Guven. "Severe plastic deformation of difficult-to-work alloys." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/531.

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The present work aims to reveal the microstructural evolution and post-processing mechanical behavior of difficult-to-work alloys upon severe plastic deformation. Severe plastic deformation is applied using equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) where billets are pressed through a 90o corner die achieving simple shear deformation. Three different materials are studied in this research, namely Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-4V reinforced with 10% TiC and AISI 316L stainless steel. Microstructure and mechanical properties of successfully extruded billets were reported using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), tension and compression experiments and microhardness measurements. The effects of extrusion conditions (temperature and processing route) on the microstructure and mechanical properties are investigated. The underlying mechanisms responsible for observed mechanical behaviors are explored. It is seen that ECAE shear deformation leads to refinement in α plates and elimination of prior β boundaries in Ti-6Al-4V. Decreasing extrusion temperature and increasing number of passes decreases α plate size and grain size. Refined α grain size leads to a significant increase in tensile and compressive flow stresses at room temperature. Texture produced by ECAE has a pronounced effect on mechanical properties. Specifically it leads to tension/compression asymmetry in flow strengths and strain hardening coefficients may be described by the activation of differing slip systems under tension and compression loading. ECAE of Ti-6Al-4V+10%TiC samples also improved mechanical properties due to α plate size refinement. Nevertheless, further extrusion passes should be carried out for tailoring reinforcement size and distribution providing optimum strength and ductility. ECAE deformation of AISI 316L stainless steel at high homologous temperatures (0.55 to 0.60 Tm) results in deformation twinning as an effective deformation mechanism which is attributed to the effect of the high stress levels on the partial dislocation separation. Deformation twinning gives rise to high stress levels during post-processing room temperature tension and compression experiments by providing additional barriers to dislocation motion and decreasing the mean free path of dislocations. The highest tensile flow stress observed in the sample processed at 700 oC following one pass route A was on the order of 1200 MPa which is very high for 316L stainless steel. The ultimate goal of this study is to produce stabilized end microstructures with improved mechanical properties and demonstrate the applicability of ECAE on difficult-to-work alloys.
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Tan, Evren. "Severe Plastic Deformation Of Age Hardenable Aluminum Alloys." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614968/index.pdf.

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Industrial products of high-strength Al-alloys are currently manufactured by thermo-mechanical processes, which are only applicable in the integrated plants requiring high investment cost. Moreover, reduction of the average grain size not less than 10 &mu<br>m and re-adjustment of process parameters for each alloy type is evaluated as disadvantage. Therefore, recently there have been many research studies for development of alternative manufacturing techniques for aluminum alloys. Research activities have shown that it is possible to improve the strength of Al-alloys remarkably by severe plastic deformation which results in ultra-fine grain size. This study aims to design and manufacture the laboratory scale set-ups for severe plastic deformation of aluminum alloys, and to characterize the severely deformed samples. The stages of the study are summarized below: First, for optimization of die design and investigation of parameters affecting the deformation finite element modeling simulations were performed. The effects of process parameters (die geometry, friction coefficient) and material properties (strain hardening, strain-rate sensitivity) were investigated. Next, Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) system that can severely deform the rod shaped samples were designed and manufactured. The variations in the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2024 Al-alloy rods deformed by ECAP were investigated. Finally, based on the experience gained, a Dissimilar Channel Angular Pressing (DCAP) system for severe plastic deformation of flat products was designed and manufactured<br>then, 6061 Al-alloy strips were deformed. By performing hardness and tension tests on the strips that were deformed by various passes, the capability of the DCAP set-up for production of ultra-fine grain sized high-strength aluminum flat samples were investigated.
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Mathaudhu, Suveen Nigel. "Fabrication of amorphous metal matrix composites by severe plastic deformation." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4389.

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Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have displayed impressive mechanical properties, but the use and dimensions of material have been limited due to critical cooling rate requirements and low ductility. The application of severe plastic deformation by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) for consolidation of bulk amorphous metals (BAM) and amorphous metal matrix composites (AMMC) is investigated in this dissertation. The objectives of this research are a) to better understand processing parameters which promote bonding between particles and b) to determine by what mechanisms the plasticity is enhanced in bulk amorphous metal matrix composites consolidated by ECAE. To accomplish the objectives BAM and AMMCs were produced via ECAE consolidation of Vitreloy 106a (Zr58.5Nb2.8Cu15.6Ni12.8Al10.3-wt%), ARLloy #1 (Hf71.3Cu16.2Ni7.6Ti2.2Al2.6 -wt%), and both of these amorphous alloys blended with crystalline phases of W, Cu and Ni. Novel instrumented extrusions and a host of postprocessing material characterizations were used to evaluate processing conditions and material properties. The results show that ECAE consolidation at temperatures within the supercooled liquid region gives near fully dense (>99%) and well bonded millimeter scale BAM and AMMCs. The mechanical properties of the ECAE processed BMG are comparable to cast material: σf = 1640 MPa, εf = 2.3%, E = 80 GPa for consolidated Vitreloy 106a as compared to σf = 1800 MPa, εf = 2.5%, E = 85 GPa for cast Vitreloy 106, and σf = 1660 MPa, εf = 2.0%, E = 97 GPa for ARLloy #1 as compared to σf = 2150 MPa, εf < 2.5%, E = 102 GPa for Hf52Cu17.9Ni14.6Ti5Al10. The mechanical properties of AMMCs are substandard compared to those obtained from melt-infiltrated composites due to non-ideal particle bonding conditions such as surface oxides and crystalline phase morphology and chemistry. It is demonstrated that the addition of a dispersed crystalline phase to an amorphous matrix by ECAE powder consolidation increases the plasticity of the amorphous matrix by providing locations for generation and/or arrest of adiabatic shear bands. The ability of ECAE to consolidated BAM and AMMCs with improved plasticity opens the possibility of overcoming the size and plasticity limitations of the monolithic bulk metallic glasses.
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Zhang, Nianxian. "Processing of a two-phase alloy by severe plastic deformation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/388051/.

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This thesis presents a systematic study on evolutions of microstructure, microhardness and superplasticity of a Pb-62% Sn alloy processed by both equal-channel angler pressing (ECAP) and high-pressure torsion (HPT) and the subsequent self-annealing process at room temperature (RT). The Pb-Sn alloy exhibits characteristics with significant grain refinement after processing by ECAP and HPT but with a reduction in the hardness values by comparison with the initial as-cast condition. For HPT processing, it is shown that there are generally smaller grains at the edges of the discs by comparison with the disc centres. The hardness results are different from those generally reported for conventional single-phase materials where a hardening trend was commonly observed after HPT processing. The significance of this difference is examined. The microstructures of the alloy after HPT were repeatedly investigated during the course of self-annealing by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and scanning electron microscopy (TEM). A significant grain growth combined with increase of microhardness was observed. It was demonstrated that there was a large fraction of twin boundaries with a twin relationship of 62.8°<100> in the microstructure for the as-cast condition. Owing to the presence of high pressure, the mobility of Ʃ21 boundaries at 71° was greatly favoured during processing by HPT. But the mobility of the dislocation-twin boundary near 62.8°<100> was favoured during self-annealing at RT once the high pressure was removed. The HPT processing significantly increased the solubility of Sn in Pb phase. This supersaturated state of Sn in Pb is, however, not stable at RT during self-annealing and therefore a decomposition of Sn from Pb-rich phase was observed after 16 days of storage. Lattice diffusion should be considerable as the main mechanism for the decomposition. Moreover, abnormal grain growth was observed to be greatly favoured during self-annealing when the introduced strain was relatively low, i.e. 2 passes by ECAP and the centre region of a HPT-processed disc after one turn. Consequently, a series of HPT-processed samples with different storage time was tested in tension at RT and at 1.0 × 10-4 - 1.0 × 10-1 s-1. The results demonstrated that, despite the storage time, all processed alloy exhibited excellent RT superplasticity at 1.0 × 10-4 s-1 and the highest elongation of 630% was recorded in the processed alloy after storage for 4 days at RT. The detailed investigation showed, due to the high strain rate sensitivity of the processed alloy, a transition strain rate of ~1.0 × 10-2 s-1 was observed in which stain softening with ductile behaviour is apparent due to active GBS below the transition point but high strength is observed because of grain boundary strengthening above the transition during plastic deformation at RT in the Pb-Sn alloy after HPT. Nanoindentation tests were then performed applying both indentation depth-time (h-t) relationship at holding stage and the hardness, H, at various loading rates to explore the evolution of strain rate sensitivity (SRS), m. The results obtained by both tensile test and nanoindentation show that the relatively fast self-annealing of the HPT-processed Pb-62% Sn eutectic alloy is occupying by an unambiguous changing-tendency of strain rate sensitivity. The results confirm the validity of using nanoindentation for measuring strain rate sensitivity.
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Alhajeri, Saleh N. "Processing of aluminium and titanium alloys by severe plastic deformation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/185107/.

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Shen, Ninggang. "Microstructure prediction of severe plastic deformation manufacturing processes for metals." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6282.

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The objective of the research presented in this thesis has been to develop a physics-based dislocation density-based numerical framework to simulate microstructure evolution in severe plastic deformation (SPD) manufacturing processes for different materials. Different mechanisms of microstructure evolution in SPD manufacturing processes were investigated and summarized for different materials under dynamic or high strain rates over a wide temperature range. Thorough literature reviews were performed to clarify discrepancies of the mechanism responsible for the formation of nanocrystalline structure in the machined surface layer under both low-temperature and high-temperature conditions. Under this framework, metallo-thermo-mechanically (MTM) coupled finite element (FE) models were developed to predict the microstructure evolution during different SPD manufacturing processes. Different material flow stress responses were modeled subject to responsible plastic deformation mechanisms. These MTM coupled FE models successfully captured the microstructure evolution process for various materials subjected to multiple mechanisms. Cellular automaton models were developed for SPD manufacturing processes under intermediate to high strain rates for the first time to simulate the microstructure evolution subjected to discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and thermally driven grain growth. The cellular automaton simulations revealed that the recrystallization process usually cannot be completed by the end of the plastic deformation under intermediate to high strain rates. The completion of the recrystallization process during the cooling stage after the plastic deformation process was modeled for the first time for SPD manufacturing processes at elevated temperatures.
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Gzyl, Michael. "Improving mechanical properties of a magnesium alloy by severe plastic deformation." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24213.

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Magnesium alloys are very promising materials for automotive and aerospace applications due to their low density. The market of medical implants (e.g. temporary orthopaedic and cardiovascular implants) is another field of possible applications of magnesium alloys since they can completely dissolve within human body without causing any major health issues. Unfortunately, magnesium alloys have been well-known from their low formability at room temperature and poor corrosion resistance. The aim of the current work was to improve mechanical properties of a magnesium alloy by incremental equal channel angular pressing (I-ECAP). The goal of the process is to refine grain structure of a continuous bulk metallic billet without changing its dimensions. In the current work, the most popular wrought magnesium alloy AZ31B was subjected to I-ECAP for the first time to confirm potential of the method for industrial production of innovative lightweight materials. The process window was determined on the basis of I-ECAP experiments conducted with various process parameters (temperature, processing route, initial grain size of the alloy). Additionally, various microstructural characterization methods, including ex situ and in situ analyses, were incorporated in this work to show a relation between the grain size and the deformation mechanisms occurring in the alloy. It was found that mechanical properties of AZ31B can be tailored to a specific application by using different process parameters. It was shown that yield strength can be increased from 165 MPa to 290 MPa when temperature of I-ECAP is reduced to 150°C. Moreover, room temperature ductility of the produced material can exceed 40% when a combination of I-ECAP and subsequent heat treatment is applied. The results of the work confirmed that I-ECAP could be considered as the useful method for producing advanced lightweight metallic materials with a potential for industrial applications.
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Books on the topic "Severe plastic deformation methods"

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Zehetbauer, Michael, and Ruslan Z. Valiev, eds. Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527602461.

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Lowe, Terry C., and Ruslan Z. Valiev, eds. Investigations and Applications of Severe Plastic Deformation. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4062-1.

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Segal, V. M. Fundamentals and engineering of severe plastic deformation. Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Lowe, Terry C. Investigations and Applications of Severe Plastic Deformation. Springer Netherlands, 2000.

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Zhu, Yuntian T., and Viktor Varyukhin, eds. Nanostructured Materials by High-Pressure Severe Plastic Deformation. Springer-Verlag, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3923-9.

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Burhanettin, Altan, ed. Severe plastic deformation: Toward bulk production of nanostructured materials. Nova Scince, 2005.

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Austria), NANOSPD2 (2002 Vienna. Nanomaterials by severe plastic deformation: Proceedings of the conference "Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation, NANOSPD2," December 9-13, 2002, Vienna Austria. Wiley-VCH, 2002.

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International Conference on Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation (4th 2008 Goslar, Germany). Nanomaterials by severe plastic deformation IV: Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 4th International Conference on Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation, Goslar, Germany, August 18-22, 2008. Trans Tech Publications, 2008.

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International Conference on Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation (3rd 2005 Fukuoka, Japan). Nanomaterials by severe plastic deformation: NanoSPD3 : proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation held in Fukuoka, Japan on September 22-26 2005. Trans Tech Publications, 2006.

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Xiaozhou, Liao, and Zhao Yonghao, eds. Advances in nanostructured materials processed by severe plastic deformation: Special topic volume with invited papers only. Trans Tech Publications, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Severe plastic deformation methods"

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Krummeich-Brangier, R., H. Sabar, and M. Berveiller. "Modelling the Draw Hardening of a Nanolamellar Composite: A Multiscale Transition Method." In Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527602461.ch2g.

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Krallics, G., I. N. Budilov, I. V. Alexandrov, G. I. Raab, V. S. Zhernakov, and R. Z. Valiev. "Computer Simulation of Equal-Channel Angular Pressing of Tungsten by Means of the Finite Element Method." In Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527602461.ch4i.

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Beygelzimer, Yan, Dmitry Orlov, and Victor Varyukhin. "A New Severe Plastic Deformation Method: Twist Extrusion." In Ultrafine Grained Materials II. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118804537.ch35.

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Greenberg, B. A., E. P. Romanov, S. V. Sudareva, et al. "An Analysis of Heterophase Structures of Ti3Al, TiAl, Ni3Al Intermetallics Synthesized by the Method of the Spherical Shock Wave Action." In Investigations and Applications of Severe Plastic Deformation. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4062-1_14.

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McNelley, Terry R., Alexandre P. Zhilyaev, Srinivasan Swaminathan, Jianqing Su, and E. Sarath Menon. "Application of EBSD Methods to Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) and Related Processing Methods." In Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Materials Science. Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88136-2_20.

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Suś-Ryszkowska, M., Zbigniew Pakiela, Ruslan Z. Valiev, J. W. Wyrzykowski, and Krzysztof J. Kurzydłowski. "Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Iron Obtained by Various Methods of Severe Plastic Deformation." In Solid State Phenomena. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-02-7.85.

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Prabhakar, Srijan, D. Ravi Kumar, and S. Aravindan. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Multi-axial Forging of AA6082 Alloy." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58006-2_3.

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AbstractMulti-axial forging is a useful technique for producing ultrafine-grained structures in bulk materials by means of severe plastic deformation. The workpiece is subjected to a specific plastic strain in the multi-axial forging process by repeatedly upsetting along all three axes by rotating the sample by 90° between the two passes; this leads to the accumulation of a large plastic strain in the material. The shape of the product does not change, as equal compressive strain is applied in all directions. Severe plastic deformation methods such as multi-axial forging can be used for producing lightweight high-strength Al alloys with ultrafine-grained structures. In this study, as-cast AA6082 has been multiaxially forged with a true strain of 0.1 in each direction, leading to a total effective strain of 0.3 in each cycle. The strain inhomogeneity from center to the surface has been predicted by a finite element simulation of the multi-axial forging with a Voce hardening model, and it has been correlated with an experimentally determined hardness variation. The peak loads in all of the passes have also been compared.
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Watazu, Akira, Ichinori Shigematsu, Aibin Ma, et al. "Severe Plastic Deformation of Commercially Pure Titanium by Rotary-Die Equal Channel Angular Pressing Method." In Materials Science Forum. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-985-7.717.

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Herrera Ramirez, Jose Martin, Raul Perez Bustamante, Cesar Augusto Isaza Merino, and Ana Maria Arizmendi Morquecho. "Severe Plastic Deformation." In Unconventional Techniques for the Production of Light Alloys and Composites. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48122-3_5.

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Alexandrov, Igor V., V. V. Latysh, Sun Ig Hong, S. N. Faizova, and V. M. Polovnikov. "Development of Complex Methods, Combining Thermal Treatment with Severe Plastic Deformation, for Processing of High-Strength Nanostructured Cu-1%Cr-0.7%Al Alloy." In Materials Science Forum. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-985-7.515.

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Conference papers on the topic "Severe plastic deformation methods"

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Zhang, Huan, John Maglieri, Fanping Sun, Hailing Wu, and Zaffir Chaudhry. "Temperature Rise and Tooth Surface Evolution of Gearbox under Loss of Lubrication: Experimental and Numerical Investigation." In Vertical Flight Society 74th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12864.

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Loss of the primary lubrication in a helicopter gearbox can result in a very rapid or immediate failure of the transmission system due to drastic reduction in heat removal and the degrading tribological performance of the highly loaded gear contacts. Current methods for predicting the gearbox life and performance under loss-of-lubrication condition are largely experimental and experience-based and thus provide limited insights into the underlying physics of the evolving tribology of gears and bearings. One of the major technical barriers that currently constrain the physics-based predictive capability is the limited understanding and quantitative modeling of the thermomechanical response of tooth surface after the loss of lubrication. The experimental portion of the effort described in this paper is a systematic study of the temperature rise and tooth surface evolution for a generic gearbox under loss-of-lubrication conditions. The overall thermal conditions of the gearbox are monitored through an infrared thermal imaging camera and the transient temperatures at multiple locations of gear and pinions are continuously measured with thermocouples. Tooth samples from different stages towards the final thermal runaway were examined to reveal the underlying physics of the surface evolution and failure after the loss of lubrication. In the modeling effort, FE modeling was combined with the transient thermal mixed-EHL model of gear meshing to simulate the gear thermal response and a sensitivity study was conducted with the validated thermal model to evaluate the potential underlying physics of the thermal runaway. The combined heat generation from frictional sliding and plastic deformation was also determined through the FE simulation of mesoscale sliding contact of tooth surface. The experimental and numerical results suggest that the potential mechanism of the final catastrophic failure is the adiabatic shear instability associated with severe plastic deformation and phase transformation.
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Nisbet, W. J. R., R. H. C. Hartman, and G. vd Handel. "Rippled Strain Rate Test for CRA Sour Service Materials Selection." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97058.

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Abstract To ensure economic and reliable materials selection it is necessary to evaluate corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) under the most severe environmental and mechanical conditions that are realistically anticipated in service. This requires identification and control of the parameters that are needed to characterise an environment in terms of its impact on environmentally assisted cracking (EAC). The primary factors that need to be defined and controlled when assessing EAC in sour environments are: H2S level, pH, chloride level, temperature range and loading condition. Conventional EAC techniques used in the evaluation of CRAs have well known limitations. The rippled strain rate test (RSRT) represents an intermediate test method between constant load/strain and slow strain rate testing which accelerates the initiation of cracking without subjecting the material to gross plastic deformation.
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Ueda, Masakatsu, Takahiro Kushida, and Tomoki Mori. "Evaluation of SSC Resistance on Super 13CR Stainless Steel in Sour Applications." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95080.

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Abstract The super 13Cr martensitic stainless steel consists of low C content below 0.03mass%, 13mass% Cr 5.5mass% Ni and 2mass% Mo and has good resistance of both sulfide stress cracking(SSC) at room temperature and localized corrosion at elevated temperatures compared with conventional 13Cr steel(AISI 420). The buffer solution containing CH3COONa-CH3COOH with high buffer power has been developed in order to carry out a more exact experiment under a constant pH between 3.0 and 5.5 The effect of H2S partial pressure and pH on SSC resistance of the super 13Cr stainless steel was evaluated in the newly developed buffer solution by constant strain method, slow strain rate technique(SSRT) and the cyclic SSRT in which the tensile and compression tests were repeated 15 times al the strain rate of 4 x 10−6 s−1 between 0.95 and 0.60 × yield strength. The SSC resistance was characterized and quantified by means of correlating H2S partial pressure and solution pH. SSRT gave the most severe evaluation for the SSC resistance of all the methods tested because SCC susceptibility in SSRT was evaluated under the plastic deformation condition up to failure. The constant strain tests which are 4 point bent beam test with notch and NACE tensile test according to NACE TM0177-90, and the cyclic SSRT showed almost the same evaluation result. Therefore, the cyclic SSRT was recommended as a very effective quick evaluation method for the SSC resistance of the super 13Cr stainless steel.
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Bulutsuz, A., and M. Yurci. "Continuous Severe Plastic Deformation Methods." In MS&T18. MS&T18, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2018mst/2018/mst_2018_680_684.

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Bulutsuz, A., and M. Yurci. "Continuous Severe Plastic Deformation Methods." In MS&T18. MS&T18, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2018/mst_2018_680_684.

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Yurci, M., A. Bulutsuz, W. Chrominski, M. Lewandowska, and K. Ozaltin. "Investigation of Different Severe Plastic Deformation Methods Effect on Ti13Nb13Zr." In MS&T18. MS&T18, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2018mst/2018/mst_2018_664_669.

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Yurci, M., A. Bulutsuz, W. Chrominski, M. Lewandowska, and K. Ozaltin. "Investigation of Different Severe Plastic Deformation Methods Effect on Ti13Nb13Zr." In MS&T18. MS&T18, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2018/mst_2018_664_669.

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Komarov, Victor. "Effect of Severe Torsion Deformation on Structure and Properties of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys." In SMST 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.smst2024p0035.

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Abstract NiTi shape memory alloys (SMA) are attractive functional materials that are widely used in different fields of engineering and medicine for production of various shape-memory devices. The severe plastic deformation (SPD) is one of the most effective methods for the formation of an ultrafine-grained structure (UFG) in NiTi SMA, which is characterized by the best combination of functional properties. The development of SPD methods continues in the direction of the investigation of new approaches allowing to produce bulk samples with a nanocrystalline structure. Severe torsion deformation (STD) is a promising SPD method that allows for high plastic strain accumulation without significant dimensional changes. It was established that application of STD provides simultaneous improvement of strength and ductility of studied alloys. However, STD has never been applied to NiTi SMA. Therefore, in this study, STD was applied to NiTi SMA at various deformation temperatures from 350 to 600°C in order to maximize the number of turns and accumulate significant strain. Deformation in this temperature range leads to the formation of a dynamically polygonised dislocation substructure, that must provide conduction of the highest number of turns and facilitate the formation of an UFG structure. The goal of this work is to evaluate the possibility of applying the torsional deformation to bulk NiTi samples at low temperatures (in the range of dynamic polygonization) to accumulate high strains and refine the structure.
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SZKANDERA, Pavel, Marek SADÍLEK, Stanislav RUSZ, et al. "Increasing the mechanical properties of DC01 steel by the DRECE method of severe plastic deformation." In METAL 2020. TANGER Ltd., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2020.3482.

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Tieu, A. K., G. Y. Deng, C. Lu, et al. "An insight into the deformation and orientation development of severely plastic deformed aluminum." In THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL METHODS IN INDUSTRIAL FORMING PROCESSES: NUMIFORM 2013. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4806826.

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Reports on the topic "Severe plastic deformation methods"

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Vito, L. F. Di, G. Mannucci, G. Demofonti, et al. CGX-00-003 Tenaris Double Joint for Deep Water Applications Subjected to Large Cyclic Plastic Strains. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011808.

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The evaluation of the defect tolerance assessment for girth welded joints of seamless pipes for off-shore applications when subjected to large cyclic plastic strains. The reeling laying technique, which is considered to be the most severe from this point of view, has been considered and studied in depth in order to determine how the several plastic strain cycles suffered by the joint during the laying could affect the defect tolerability. Advanced Engineering Critical Assessment methods have been considered in the analysis as the BS 7910 FAD approach implemented with the corrections recommended by more recent studies (such as DNV-OS-F101) about the structures subjected to large plastic deformations. Then the reliability and conservativeness of the setup ECA procedure have been discussed on the basis of a dedicated large scale segment tests program performed on girth weld joints realized in house by Tenaris on X65 grade seamless pipe for deepwater applications. The paper demonstrated the good behavior of the Tenaris Double Joint by both toughness and tensile properties point of view by the light of the more recent and advanced ECA methodologies.
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Raghavan Srinivasan, Prabir K. Chaudhury, Balakrishna Cherukuri, Qingyou Han, David Swenson, and Percy Gros. Continuous Severe Plastic Deformation Processing of Aluminum Alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885079.

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Langdon, Terence G. Processing of Metal Matrix Composites through Severe Plastic Deformation. Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada422186.

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Kaibyshev, R. O., I. M. Safarov, and D. R. Lesuen. Microstructural Evolution in the 2219 Aluminum Alloy During Severe Plastic Deformation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/792652.

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Zhao, Liang, Nishchal Magar, Raj Koju, et al. Ultimate compressive strength and severe plastic deformation of equilibrated single-crystalline copper nanoparticles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2377293.

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Kamburov, Valentin. Anomalous Strain Hardening Effect for High Strain of Severe Plastic Deformation under Dual Equal Channel Extrusion. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.04.13.

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Ramakrishnan, Aravind, Ashraf Alrajhi, Egemen Okte, Hasan Ozer, and Imad Al-Qadi. Truck-Platooning Impacts on Flexible Pavements: Experimental and Mechanistic Approaches. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-038.

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Truck platoons are expected to improve safety and reduce fuel consumption. However, their use is projected to accelerate pavement damage due to channelized-load application (lack of wander) and potentially reduced duration between truck-loading applications (reduced rest period). The effect of wander on pavement damage is well documented, while relatively few studies are available on the effect of rest period on pavement permanent deformation. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to quantify the impact of rest period theoretically, using a numerical method, and experimentally, using laboratory testing. A 3-D finite-element (FE) pavement model was developed and run to quantify the effect of rest period. Strain recovery and accumulation were predicted by fitting Gaussian mixture models to the strain values computed from the FE model. The effect of rest period was found to be insignificant for truck spacing greater than 10 ft. An experimental program was conducted, and several asphalt concrete (AC) mixes were considered at various stress levels, temperatures, and rest periods. Test results showed that AC deformation increased with rest period, irrespective of AC-mix type, stress level, and/or temperature. This observation was attributed to a well-documented hardening–relaxation mechanism, which occurs during AC plastic deformation. Hence, experimental and FE-model results are conflicting due to modeling AC as a viscoelastic and the difference in the loading mechanism. A shift model was developed by extending the time–temperature superposition concept to incorporate rest period, using the experimental data. The shift factors were used to compute the equivalent number of cycles for various platoon scenarios (truck spacings or rest period). The shift model was implemented in AASHTOware pavement mechanic–empirical design (PMED) guidelines for the calculation of rutting using equivalent number of cycles.
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Clapham. L52206 3D Details of Defect-Induced MFL and Stress in Pipelines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011358.

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The following report represents a continuation of our ongoing efforts to understand and quantify the effect of stress on MFL signals from oil and gas transmission line inspection tools. Earlier GRI funding has enabled us to develop an unprecedented understanding of stress effects on magnetic behaviour in pipeline steels, and this understanding is now further enhanced and applied to specific problems such as MFL signals from interacting defects and also MFL signals produced from mechanical damage. This report summarizes the result of the 2002 studies. These studies focused on 3 main areas: MFL signals from interacting defects � examined how magnetic behaviour is altered when two pits are sufficiently close that their stress and magnetization fields interact. This produces MFL signal effects that differ from those of isolated defects. MFL signal dependence on elastic, plastic and residual strain � this continues our fundamental investigation into stress effects. By combining applied uniaxial strain and stress-relief heat treatments, we have been able to show how magnetic behaviour and MFL signals respond to different types of deformation. Specifically, we have found the elastic deformation has a significant effect, but that plastic deformation does not. This is a fundamental result on which our further modeling and experimental studies are based. MFL signals from mechanical damage � this is the first year we have turned our attention to this specific area, however our earlier results have laid the groundwork for these studies. MFL signals from dents contain geometry and stress components. We have conducted experimental and finite element modeling studies of MFL signals from dented samples, and have shown that the MFL signal from shallow dents arises from the residual stress pattern, while severe dent signals are mainly related to dent geometry. This work forms the main part of a continuing study.
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Denys, R. M. L51712 Fracture Behavior of Large-Diameter Girth Welds - Effect of Weld Metal Yield Strength Part II. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010121.

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Fitness for purpose girth defect assessments assume the presence of a single defect. This assumption is not always fulfilled. Welds may contain many small defects. These defects, when considered individually and without interaction, are generally innocuous. However, this may be a false conclusion as to the true strength or deformation capacity of the weld because neighbouring imperfections or defects may interact and may be more severe than each individual imperfection. When non-destructive examinations reveal multiple defects, a defect recategorisation procedure has to be applied to determine whether neighbouring defects will interact other under load. The interaction criteria of BS PD6493, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section XI and the Japanese fitness-of-purpose code WES 2805 are based on a combination of linear elastic fracture mechanics calculations and engineering judgement. The PD6493 and ASME XI rules are based on the principle that the increase in the stress intensity magnification caused by interaction of neigbouring defects should be limited to 20% (PD 6493) and 6% (ASME XI), whereas the WES criterion is based on the principle that the stress intensity magnification or CTOD value of the interacting neighbouring defects should be limited to 20% of the shortest defect. As the fracture behaviour of line pipe girth welds differs from linear elastic behaviour, it is expected that the existing rules are not necessarily applicable for elastic-plastic or plastic material behaviours. This consideration suggests that there exist a need for developing criteria which permit plasticity effects to be incorporated. The mathematical treatment of multiple defects under elastic-plastic and or plastic fracture conditions is a complex issue because it is not possible to predict yielding behaviour and make a distinction between local and ligament collapse. Because of this limitation, it is thus necessary to employ large scale tensile tests in which the interaction effects can be reproduced. In persuing this approach, it is further possible: (a) to verify and establish the conservatism built into the existing interaction criteria. (b) to formulate alternative interaction criteria for elastic-plastic or plastic behavior. The goal of this study was to obtain information on the failure behavior of girth welds containing two coplanar fatigue pre-cracked defects. The results were correlated with tests on welds containing a single crack to determine the engineering significance of existing defect interaction rules under elastic-plastic and plastic fracture conditions.
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Stuedlein, Armin, Ali Dadashiserej, and Amalesh Jana. Models for the Cyclic Resistance of Silts and Evaluation of Cyclic Failure during Subduction Zone Earthquakes. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zkvv5271.

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This report describes several advances in the cyclic failure assessment of silt soils with immediate and practical benefit to the geotechnical earthquake engineering profession. First, a database of cyclic loading test data is assembled, evaluated, and used to assess trends in the curvature of the CRR-N (cyclic resistance ratio - the number of equivalent cycles) relationship. This effort culminated in a plasticity index-dependent function which can be used to estimate the exponent b in the power law describing cyclic resistance, and may be used to estimate the cyclic resistance of silt soils as well as the number of equivalent loading cycles anticipated for subduction zone earthquakes. Statistical models for the cyclic resistance ratio and cyclic strength ratio are presented in this report. The SHANSEP (Stress History and Normalized Soil Engineering Properties)-inspired functional form of these models have been trained and tested against independent datasets and finalized using a combined dataset to provide reasonable estimates of resistance based on the available data. These models can be used to provide provisional estimates of the CRR-N and cyclic strength ratio power laws for cyclic shear strain failure criteria ranging from 1 to 10%, within certain stated limitations. The ground motion records within the NGA Subduction Project which have been released to the public to-date are implemented to examine the role of subduction zone earthquake characteristics on the number of equivalent loading cycles for a wide range of soils with exponents b ranging from 0.05 (moderate plasticity silt and clay) to 0.35 (dense sand). This analysis shows that the number of loading cycles for a given magnitude subduction zone earthquake is larger than those previously computed, whereas the corresponding magnitude scaling factors for use with the Simplified Method span a smaller range as a result of the ground motion characteristics. Owing to the large variability in the computed equivalent number of loading cycles, consideration of the uncertainty is emphasized in forward analyses. The work described herein may be used to estimate cyclic resistance of intact non-plastic and plastic silt soils and corresponding factor of safety against cyclic failure for a range in cyclic shear strain failure criteria, to plan cyclic laboratory testing programs, and to calibrate models for use in site response and nonlinear deformation analyses in the absence of site-specific cyclic test data. As with any empirical approach, the models presented herein should be revised when additional, high-quality cyclic testing data become available.
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