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1
Kim, Sergey. "Sévérien de Gabala dans les littératures arménienne et géorgienne." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040212.
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La thèse est consacrée à l'étude de l'héritage littéraire de Sévérien, évêque de Gabala (Ve s.) conservé dans les traductions arménienne et géorgienne. L’Introduction générale esquisse l’histoire de la recherche sur Sévérien etsystématise les critères utilisés pour attribuer une oeuvre à cet auteur ; une étude essaie de retracer les débris de son corpus dispersé dans les manuscrits grecs et caucasiens ; une partie codicologique présente les manuscritscaucasiens utilisés. Quatre textes arméniens (CPG 4248, 4246-1, 4246-2, 4295.17a) et quatre textes géorgiens (CPG 4235, 4236-3, 4236a.4, 4214) sont édités et traduits en français ; chaque pièce est précédée par les notes d'introduction qui contiennent nos observations sur son attribution à Sévérien, aussi bien que sur le rapport de l'original grec avec la version caucasienne ancienne. Deux textes portant le nom de Sévérien en arménien (CPG 4669) et en arabe (CPG 4290) sont étudiés et publiés pour la première fois en Appendice. Deux Annexes contiennent les lexiques gréco-géorgien et géorgien-grec créés sur la base d’une lecture parallèle des textes de Sévérien édités simultanément en grec et en géorgienThe thesis presents a study of the literary heritage of Severian of Gabala (Ve cent.) conserved in ancient Armenian and Georgian translations. The General Introduction surveys the previous research on Severian and systematizes the criteria used to attribute a text to this author; the separate pieces of Severian's corpus spread throughout the Greek and Caucasian manuscripts are also considered; a codicological part introduces the Caucasian manuscripts used in the work. Four Armenian (CPG 4248, 4246-1, 4246-2, 4295.17a) and four Georgian texts (CPG 4235, 4236-3, 4236a.4, 4214) are edited and translated into French; each piece is preceded by introductory notes which contain our observations on the Severian's authorship and on the relationship between the Greek original and its ancient Caucasian version. Two text bearing Severian's name in Armenian (CPG 4669) and in Arabic (CPG 4290) are studied and published for the first time in an Annex. Two further Annexes are constituted of the Greek-Georgian and the Georgian-Greek lexicons based on the parallel reading of the texts of Severian which are published at once in Greek and in Georgian
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Abiker, Séverine James-Raoul Danièle Galderisi Claudio. "L'écho paradoxal étude stylistique de la répétition dans les récits brefs en vers, XIIè-XIVè siècles /." [Poitiers] : [I-médias], 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Abiker-Severine/2008-Abiker-Severine-These.pdf.
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Abiker, Séverine. "L'écho paradoxal : étude stylistique de la répétition dans les récits brefs en vers, XIIè-XIVè siècles." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Abiker-Severine/2008-Abiker-Severine-These.pdf.
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Partant du paradoxe que les récits brefs médiévaux sont hantés par la répétition (au lieu d'aller au plus court), cette recherche décrit et analyse le rôle narratif, stylistique et symbolique des procédures répétitives dans un genre éphémère (le récit bref français en vers, né au XIIe siècle, est abandonné au XIVe au profit de la nouvelle en prose). En usant d'un appareil conceptuel rhétorique, linguistique, sémiotique, philosophique, on distingue les diverses réalisations de la répétition, leurs effets de sens spécifiques dans le cadre de la brièveté narrative, leurs valeurs respectives dans le système de pensée médiéval en regard de l'évolution du sentiment du temps. L'analyse stylistique s'applique à un ample corpus constitué de cinq genres narratifs brefs en vers (fables, lais, fabliaux, miracles, dits narratifs), pour clarifier la conception médiévale de la brevitas (en interrogeant les manuels scolaires médio-latins et les pratiques d'écriture) ; pour identifier des traits de style signifiants et discriminants, au niveau de la variante, de l'œuvre, du genre, ou d'un type de personnage ; pour préciser l'évolution esthétique de chaque genre. Trois paradoxes se dégagent : répéter permet d'abréger ; l'écho médiéval n'est pas une déperdition sonore mais une persistance et un prolongement ; la répétition n'est pas une, mais se partage en deux modes sémio-stylistiques (verticalité et horizontalité). Le développement des procédures horizontales, dans la première moitié du XIIIe siècle, accompagne l'essor de la subjectivité littéraire et l'élaboration d'une esthétique du contretemps, qui n'est pas sans rapport avec la transformation concrète des rythmes de vieConsidering that, paradoxically, repetition flood brief medieval narratives (however short and quick they have to be), this research describes and analyses the narrative, stylistic and symbolic role of repetitive forms in a particularly short-lived genre (french brief tales in verse were born in the XIIth century and are replaced by short stories in prose in the XIVth century). Using the concepts of rhetoric, linguistics, semiotics and philosophy, we examine different patterns of repetition, their specific signification in short narratives, their values in medieval thought, with special focus on the perception of time. The methods of style analysis are applied to a large corpus composed by five genres (fables, lais, fabliaux, religious tales, narrative dits), in order to clarify the medieval conception of brevitas (by a study of medio-latin rhetoric treatises and writing practices) ; to identify significant stylistic features, located in textual variations, in works, in genres, or in types of character ; to show the aesthetic tendancies and evolution of each genre. We underline three paradoxes : to repeat appears as a way to reduce a text ; medieval echo is not conceived as a dying sound but as persistency and prolongation; repetition is not one single phenomenon but it hides two different semio-stylistic modes (verticality and horizontality). The development of horizontal forms, by the early XIIIth century, is characteristic of an emerging literary subjectivity : it creates new textual rythms, liable to be related to the concrete transformation of life styles
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Lennard, A. T. "An investigation of drought in the Severn Trent Water region : re-evaluating drought severity, characteristics and generating mechanisms." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3004783/.
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Aubert, Monique. "Severine, Journaliste." Lille : A.N.R.T, Université de Lille III, 1997. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/33304.
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RODRIGUES, Lucila Nogueira. "O cordão encarnado - uma leitura severina." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2002. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/7638.
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Previous issue date: 2002Este trabalho tem por finalidade a exegese de uma obra que, apesar de responsável pela consagração nacional e internacional de seu autor, tem sido pouco considerada, quer pelo fato da intertextualidade presente em seus versos, quer pelo seu contraste com relação às demais obras de vanguarda cabralinas, em que a inovação formal de cunho metalingüístico oferece a tônica essencial. A análise aqui desenvolvida integra as perspectivas ideológica/mítica/utópica, destacando o pensamento e a estética realistas do poeta pernambucano João Cabral de Melo Neto, contextualizados em interlocuções com outros intelectuais que, em sua época, também denunciaram o desamparo dos retirantes, como Graciliano Ramos e Cândido Portinari; além de autores que se indignaram contra a miséria no campo (Francisco Julião) e no mangue (Josué de Castro). Na seqüência, resultam pertinentes as meditações sobre o primeiro livro do tríptico do rio, O Cão sem Plumas, o qual, em sua estrutura ainda com elementos surrealistas, evolui em alegorias de fome e lama, vida curta e estagnada dos homens da maré, expressa em metáforas decompostas e reagrupadas de modo similar à figuração trencadis com que o poeta conviveu ao tempo em que serviu como cônsul em Barcelona, onde o livro foi por ele editado em impressora artesanal. A opção de Cabral pelo romanceiro para relatar o êxodo de Severino desde o Sertão até à capital pernambucana esclarece perspectivas ligadas ao coronelato do Sertão, à defesa da Reforma Agrária no campo, à denúncia da mortalidade dos severinos enquanto transcorre a festa do nascimento de Cristo: daí tratar-se o auto de Natal de uma verdadeira via-crucis a condenar um sistema de governo que permite essa afronta à vida humana: passa-se a exaltar as excelências das lapinhas de lama nos mocambos e palafitas, em sua forma não camuflada da vida. A análise ora proposta da obra cabralina evidencia que a lição de cidadania em tom brechtiano enunciada por Severino no Auto de Natal Pernambucano é uma crítica dotada de exemplaridade ao sistema capitalista que reífica e aliena o homem/severino do Nordeste; Morte e Vida Severina representa no plano da linguagem dramática e poética uma utopia libertária da qual participavam os estudantes e demais segmentos da comunidade nos anos cinqüenta e sessenta e que hoje prossegue transfigurada quer pela iniciativa oficial de um Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário, quer pela face alternativa do Movimento dos Sem-Terra, do qual Severino, com a inocência de um Cândido e a determinação de um Quixote, continua sendo uma referência a emocionar leitores/espectadores em seu calvário/natalino. Se a opção pelo auto faz notar a homenagem prestada à cultura ibérica, a inserção do pastoril dentro do auto denota a adesão cabralina a um projeto de extensão da cultura, ao contrário de seus outros livros voltados à elevação da cultura, os quais têm sido objeto de abordagens acadêmicas igualmente elevadas e sucessivas. Finalmente, este Cordão Encarnado, ao contextualizar nacional, regional e municipalmente o Auto de Natal Pernambucano, procura oferecer à Universidade Brasileira uma leitura Severina em que o discurso acadêmico surja articulado com o fundamento e a raiz de uma poesia como a cabralina, profundamente identificada com os mapas e percursos de sua terra, regional e universalmente definida
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Minott, Garth. "Liberation concerns in the Latin American church : Jose Severino Croatto's interpretation and application of Exodus 1-15." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31121.
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The use of the exodus theme in the interpretation of scripture has been espoused by a number of liberation theologians, notably Jose Severino Croatto. The responses to the use of this theme vary. This thesis examines Croatto's use of the hermeneutic circle, as a method of biblical interpretation, in its application to the narratives of Exodus 1--15. The process of interpretation and application are examined against the background of the liberation movement and liberation theology. As an advocate of the liberation movement, Croatto uses the hermeneutic circle to relate the meaning of the exodus narratives to the socio-political situation of oppression in Latin America. This use of the hermeneutic circle, therefore, allows the meaning of the exodus narratives, in interaction with a contemporary socio-political context, to facilitate the creation of a message of liberation for the present.
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Janssen, Brian Charles. "Explaining rape law severity." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407145459.
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Lima, Junior Renato Rodrigues de. "O refratario e abnegado Jose Severiano de Rezende." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270096.
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Orientador: Maria Eugenia da Gama Alves Boaventura DiasDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Biografia literária ilustrada do jornalista, agitador cultural, filósofo e escritor simbolista brasileiro José Severiano de Rezende, elaborada a partir de simetrias entre sua vida e a da personagem Fausto, para mostrar o curso de sua existência como um arquétipo do homem na busca do conhecimento. Nessa perspectiva, a dissertação ajusta o foco de sua atuação política, social e cultural apoiada em suas obras jornalística e literária; na recepção crítica das mesmas, e em vasta documentação. Além disso, traz em anexo: uma cronologia da vida e obra do autor; sua ode Hymne à I 'Homme qui viendra, e o discurso inédito "Um poete brésilien: José Severiano de Rezende", de André Delacour
Abstract: An literary illustrated biography of the Brazilian journalist, radical promoter of culture, philosopher and symbolist writer José Severiano de Rezende, formulated from the construction of the correspondence between Rezende's and Faust's life, in order to demonstrate the author' s life course as an archetype of man in search of knowledge. From that point of view, this dissertation adjusts the focus of the author's performance in politics, in society and in culture, supported by his literary and journalistic works as well as their reception by critics, and by a wide documentation. Besides, there are in the annexe: author's life and works chronology, his ode Hymne à I'Homme qui viendra and the unpublished discourse "Un poete brésilien: José Severiano de Rezende", by André Delacour
Mestrado
Teoria e Historia Literaria
Mestre em Teoria e História Literária
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Lee, Kai Kong. "Objective measures of cough severity." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/objective-measures-of-cough-severity(5fd78f7a-7458-41ec-8d58-c804b3d483b6).html.
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Cough is a common complaint that results in significant morbidity and impairment in quality of life. The assessment of cough severity is central to the diagnosis and clinical management of cough. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate objective measures of cough frequency and cough intensity in patients with acute and chronic cough. 24-hour cough frequency was investigated in a longitudinal observational study of 33 healthy subjects with acute cough. At baseline, 24-hour cough frequency was elevated and was associated with impaired health related quality of life. Cough frequency improved significantly over the 8-day study period. The minimal clinically important difference in cough frequency was determined as a 54% change from baseline. The sample sizes required for clinical trials to use cough frequency as a primary endpoint were calculated using this data. A second study of cough frequency was undertaken in 100 patients with chronic cough to investigate whether short duration recordings (1-6 hours) were comparable to 24-hours. Cough frequency obtained from short recordings were strongly correlated with 24-hour cough frequency (ρ=0.77 to 0.93), but those less than 4 hours were limited by weak relationships with subjective measures of cough. 4-hour cough frequency was found to be responsive to improvements in cough severity following trials of therapy, supporting its feasibility as a tool for assessing outcomes in chronic cough. The intensity of cough is an important determinant of global cough severity, but few studies have assessed cough intensity objectively in patients with chronic cough. The intensity of voluntary, induced and spontaneous cough was investigated in 28 patients with chronic cough and 21 healthy controls. Oesophageal pressure (Poes), gastric pressure (Pga) and peak cough flow rate (PCFR) during maximum voluntary cough were significantly greater in patients with chronic cough compared with controls when taking into account the preceding inspired volume. There was no difference in expiratory muscle strength or degree of abdominal muscle activation between patients and controls but the compression phase duration (CPD) was increased in female patients with cough compared to controls (mean ± SD CPD 0.50 ± 0.22 vs. 0.28 ± 0.17 seconds; p=0.007). Cough intensity during spontaneous cough was comparable to induced cough, but less than maximum voluntary cough intensity. Poes, Pga and PCFR were closely correlated with cough intensity visual analogue score (ρ=0.86 to 0.90), suggesting that these indices are important to subjective perception of cough intensity. Cough sound is a potential measure of cough intensity, but it has not been validated against physiological measures of cough intensity. The relationship between a range of cough sound parameters and PCFR and Poes were investigated in 17 patients with chronic cough and 15 healthy controls. Cough sound power and energy were found to correlate most strongly with PCFR (ρ=0.82 to 0.88) and Poes (ρ=0.85 to 0.89). The relationships between sound and PCFR or Poes were similar for sound analysed from a fixed 0.5-second time-window and from time-windows that were manually marked by cough phase, supporting the potential for future automated analysis. Sound power and energy were highly repeatable measures (ICC 0.93 to 0.94). Cough sound measurement has the advantage of being non-invasive and suitable for ambulatory monitoring and further studies should now assess its responsiveness as a measure of cough intensity.
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Sheltzer, Jason (Jason Meyer). "Several consequences of aneuploidy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101353.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, September 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "June 2015." Written on title page: "September 2015."
Includes bibliographical references.
Whole-chromosome aneuploidy, or a karyotype that is not a multiple of the haploid complement, is the most common cause of miscarriage and developmental delay in humans. Aneuploidy is also a hallmark of cancer: greater than 90% of tumors display chromosomal copy number alterations. Thus, understanding the consequences of aneuploidy has broad relevance for human health and development. To that end, I have studied several distinct aspects of aneuploid cell biology. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, I demonstrated that single-chromosome gains are sufficient to induce numerous forms of genomic instability. Aneuploid yeast strains displayed increased rates of forward mutation, mitotic recombination, chromosome loss, and double-strand break formation, which could significantly impact the evolution of tumor genomes. Secondly, I characterized the effects of aneuploidy on gene expression. I established that aneuploidy induced a transcriptional stress response that was independent of the identity of the extra chromosome and was remarkably well-conserved among eukaryotes. This gene expression program was apparent in trisomic primary cells as well as in chromosomally-unstable cancer cells. Thirdly, I compared the tumorigenicity of euploid and trisomic cell lines that were genetically-identical and differed only in karyotype. I discovered that under most circumstances, aneuploidy impeded proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and tumor formation in xenografts. Thus, single-chromosome aneuploidy actually functions as a tumor suppressor, rather than a tumor-promoting agent. In total, these results shed light on the diverse ways that chromosomal imbalances can alter the physiology of normal cells and of cancer.
by Jason Sheltzer.
Ph. D.
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Domingues, Cristiane de Alencar. "Probabilidade de sobrevida: comparação dos resultados do trauma and injury severity score (TRISS) com sua nova versão (NTRISS)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-16052008-094946/.
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Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) é um índice que permite calcular probabilidade de sobrevida de pacientes traumatizados. Para seu cálculo são necessárias as informações: idade; tipo de trauma - penetrante ou contuso; valor do Revised Trauma Score (RTS); e pontuação do Injury Severity Score (ISS). Em 1997 foi realizada uma revisão do ISS com o intuito de melhorar sua acurácia na determinação da gravidade do trauma. Essa revisão resultou em mudança no cálculo desse índice e, consequentemente, em uma nova versão, o New Injury Severity Score (NISS). Resultados de estudos têm indicado que o NISS se iguala ou supera o ISS na previsão de mortalidade. Procurou-se neste estudo verificar se a substituição do ISS pelo NISS, na fórmula original do TRISS, melhora sua estimação de sobrevida. Trata-se de pesquisa retrospectiva realizada no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. A população foi constituída por 533 pacientes traumatizados atendidos e internados no Pronto-Socorro deste hospital pelo período de um ano. Foi realizada análise descritiva das características das vítimas e calculadas as medidas de posição para as variáveis contínuas. Para verificar qual o melhor indicador (TRISS ou NTRISS) para probabilidade de sobrevida e o melhor ponto de corte, foi utilizada a curva ROC. Os resultados foram confrontados com as mortes e sobrevidas observadas com o intuito de se identificar a fórmula mais acurada para cálculo da probabilidade de sobrevida. Fizeram parte do estudo pacientes traumatizados entre 18 e 95 anos, sendo a maioria jovens (61,9%), do sexo masculino (80,5%). Os acidentes de transporte foram as causas externas mais frequentes (61,9%), e, consequentemente, houve predomínio de trauma contuso (87,1%). Do total de pacientes, 82,9% foram atendidos por unidades sistematizadas de atendimento pré-hospitalar. A região mais freqüentemente traumatizada foi a superfície externa (63,0%), seguida por cabeça e pescoço (55,5%). Os pacientes estiveram internados por uma média de 11,0 dias (+ 18,0). Dos 533 pacientes, 42,2% necessitaram de internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. A taxa de sobrevida foi de 76,9%. A maioria dos indivíduos (54,5%) apresentou valor de RTS de 7 a 7,84. O escore do ISS e do NISS variou de 0 a 75, com predomínio do escore de 9 a 15 (40,0%) para o ISS e de 16 a 24 (25,5%) para o NISS. O valor do TRISS e do NTRISS variou de 0 a 100,0%; probabilidade de sobrevida maior ou igual a 75,0% foi apresentada por 83,4% dos pacientes segundo o TRISS e por 78,4% dos pacientes de acordo com o NTRISS. O TRISS superestimou a probabilidade de sobrevida dos pacientes traumatizados. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a previsão de sobrevida dada pelo TRISS e NTRISS, e o NTRISS foi mais assertivo que o TRISS para prever sobrevida dos pacientes atendidos neste centro de traumaThe Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) is an index that permits the calculation of survival probability in trauma victims. The following information is necessary to perform this calculation: age, trauma type -penetrating or contusion; value from the Revised Trauma Score (RTS); and the scores from the Injury Severity Score (ISS). In 1997, a revision was done to the ISS to improve its accuracy for determining the severity of traumas, thus resulting in a new version called the New Injury Severity Score (NISS). Studies have shown that this NISS is equal to or greater than the ISS in the prediction of mortality. The objective of this study was to verify if substituting the ISS with the NISS, in the original TRISS form, improved the survival rate estimate. This retrospective study included 533 trauma victims who were attended and interned in the emergency room during a period of 1 year, in \"Hospital das Clínicas\" of the Medical School of the University of Sao Paulo. A descriptive analysis of the characteristics of the victims was performed and the position measurements for the continuous variables were calculated. An ROC curve was used to verify which would be the best indicator (TRISS or NTRISS) for calculating the survival probability. The results were compared with the deaths and survivors in order to indentify the most accurate formula for calculating survival probability. Included in this study were trauma victims, between the ages of 18 to 95, with the majority being youths (61.9%) and of the male gender (80.5%). Contributing causes were predominantly from motor vehicle accidents (61.9%), and predominantly with contusions (87.1%). Of the total victims, 82.9% were treated in first aid clinics. The most frequent trauma regions were superficial (63%) followed by the head and neck (55.5%) The victims were interned on an average of 11 days. ( +18.0). Of the 533 victims 42.2% were interned in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and the survival rate was 76.9%. The majority of individuals (54.5%) had RTS scores between 7 and 7.84. The ISS and NISS score varied from 0 to 75, with the average ISS score ranging from 9-15 (40.0%) and the NISS score from 16-24 (25.5%). The TRISS and NTRISS scores varied between 0 and 100 %; probability of survival equal to or greater than 75.0% was presented for 83.4% of the victims according to TRISS and 78.4% according to NTRISS thus, the TRISS overestimated the probability of survival in trauma victims. There was a statistically significant difference in the estimate of survivability data between the TRISS and NTRISS with the latter being the more accurate scale for predicting survivability among the victims treated in this trauma center
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Reissl, Severin [Verfasser]. "Expectations Formation in Macroeconomic Agent-based Models / Severin Reissl." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1226933882/34.
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Burin, Elias. "DIAGNÓSTICO SOCIOAMBIENTAL PARA O MUNICÍPIO DE SEVERIANO DE ALMEIDA RS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9530.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorIn the current conjuncture, where the support depends on the balance between environment e development, the present work has as objective to collect, to organize e to analyze social-ambient data and to consider measured of ambient management assisting in the adoption of public politics in the Severiano de Almeida, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, adapting a methodology viable and based on use of the thematic cartography and Geographic Information Systems GIS, to elaborate a digital database georreferencing, that permit to understand structure and functioning of the natural systems, in the perspective of the use sustainable of the natural resources in the municipal scope. The social-ambient municipal diagnostic procedure, that presents, approximately, 167,45 km2 e 3,868 inhabitants, was developed on the basis of the elaborated topographical map for the Geographic Direction Service (GDS) and digital images of satellite. The results had understood the elaboration of referring maps to the elements structural of the landscape, that by means of a systemic analysis permited understanding of the social-space reality, the elaboration of the ecological-economic zoning it permited to separate the area of the district in five zones that they present degree of distinct fragility. In the prognostic procedure had been analyzed the potentialities, social and economic impediments where they had been defined the lines of direction of general enclosed for all the municipal area, the lines of direction had been elaborated on the basis of criteria and principles established in the disgnostic procedure, with the objective of to preserve the natural characteristics of each area, whereas potentialities are prioritized.
Na atual conjuntura, em que a sustentabilidade depende do equilíbrio entre ambiente e desenvolvimento, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo levantar, organizar e analisar dados socioambientais e propor medidas de gestão ambiental, auxiliando na adoção de políticas públicas no município de Severiano de Almeida, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para tanto, foi adaptada uma metodologia viável e fundamentada no uso da cartografia temática e Sistemas de Informações Geográficas SIG com o objetivo de elaborar uma base de dados digital georreferenciada que permita compreender a estrutura e o funcionamento dos sistemas naturais, na perspectiva da utilização sustentável dos recursos naturais no âmbito municipal. O procedimento diagnóstico socioambiental do Município, que apresenta, aproximadamente, 167,45 km2 e 3.868 habitantes, foi desenvolvido com base na carta topográfica elaborada pela Diretoria de Serviço Geográfico (DSG) e em imagens digitais de satélite. Os resultados compreenderam a elaboração de mapas referentes aos elementos estruturais da paisagem, que, por meio de uma análise sistêmica, possibilitou a compreensão da realidade socioespacial. A elaboração do zoneamento ecológico-econômico permitiu separar a área do Município em cinco zonas que apresentam grau de fragilidade distinta. No procedimento prognóstico, foram analisadas as potencialidades e os entraves sociais e econômicos, e então foram definidas as diretrizes de abrangência geral para toda a área municipal. As diretrizes foram elaboradas com base em critérios e princípios estabelecidos no procedimento diagnóstico, com o objetivo de preservar as características naturais de cada área e priorizar as potencialidades.
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Souza, Janicreis Gomes de. "O ícone metafórico peirciano no poema morte e vida Severina." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8238.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Ce travail constitue une analyse sémiotique guidé les bases théoriques établies par Charles Sanders Peirce américain, qui a analysé quatre fragments du poème Morte e Vida Severina, écrit par João Cabral de Melo Neto. On a étudié la façon dont l'icône est métaphorique dans cet ouvrage , pas seulement dans le texte verbal, mais en ce qui concerne les images qui correspondent aux vers étudiés dans une de ses traductions à travers le langage non verbal. Pour souligner l’analyse de la nature métaphorique de signes décrits dans ce document, la perspective de l'interprète et l'importance des processus cognitifs mis au point par ce dernier, dans l’aspect métaphorique. Nous appelons dans notre analyse l'expérience de l’ensemble , un terme utilisé par Peirce pour décrire le monde d'expériences que l'artiste, partant des significayions qui constituent les significations donnés aux signes.
O presente trabalho se constitui de uma análise semiótica pautada nas bases teóricas protagonizadas pelo americano Charles Sanders Peirce, através das quais analisamos quatro fragmentos do poema Morte e Vida Severina, escrito por João Cabral de Melo Neto. Pesquisamos de que maneira o ícone metafórico se constitui no referido poema, não apenas no texto verbal, mas no plano das imagens que correspondem aos versos estudados numa de suas traduções para a linguagem não verbal. Enfatizamos para análise dos signos de natureza metafórica abordados no presente trabalho, a perspectiva do intérprete e a importância dos processos cognitivos desenvolvidos por este último na construção da metáfora. Consideramos em nossa análise a chamada experiência colateral, termo utilizado por Peirce para designar as vivências de mundo desse intérprete, a partir das quais se constitui em significados atribuídos aos signos.
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Leal, Carolina de Souza. "Experiência em percurso: paisagens retirantes de Morte e vida severina." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3470.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A partir da leitura de versões de Morte e vida severina em diferentes suportes materiais – ou mídias –, esta dissertação pensa a transformação do imaginário de uma obra pela multiplicação de suas paisagens. Trabalhamos com versões da obra em escrita, por João Cabral de Melo Neto (1955); em teatro, dirigida por Silnei Siqueira e realizada pelo Teatro da Universidade Católica de São Paulo (TUCA) (1965); em cinema, dirigida por Zelito Viana (1976); em televisão, dirigida por Walter Avancini (1981); em quadrinhos, por Miguel Falcão (2005); e em animação, com direção de Afonso Serpa (2011). Com isso, buscamos entender como tais obras partilham um imaginário, embora construam de paisagens distintas. Ainda que partam do texto de João Cabral de Melo Neto em direção a uma recriação, apenas o contato com o texto não justifica o resultado das obras, visto que, na experiência com o texto, nas paisagens que são daí geradas, o leitor, que participa da construção do sentido, agrega diversas outras experiências, contextos e percepções para a construção da nova obra. Além disso, consideramos que cada material utilizado para a composição das novas paisagens de Morte e vida severina, guarda possibilidades e limites e, assim, é por si só um fator de interferência. As versões de Morte e vida severina são resultados de interações entre leitorescriadores, que operam por meio de percepções e materiais distintos. São, portanto, paisagens diferentes que, sendo assim, oferecem experiências sensoriais e cognitivas distintas para novos leitores ou espectadores. No entanto, todas se somam no que entendemos como a Experiência-Morte-e-vida-severina e, assim, recriam o próprio imaginário que se projeta na obra
This thesis analyzes adaptations of Morte e vida severina in different media, stressing the transformations of imaginary and landscapes. The versions studied in this work includes the poem written by João Cabral de Melo Neto (1955); the play directed by Silnei Siqueira and staged by Teatro da Universidade Católica de São Paulo (TUCA) (1965); the feature film directed by Zelito Viana(1976); the TV film directed by Walter Avancini (1981); the graphic novel made by Miguel Falcão (2005) and the animation movie directed by Afonso Serpa (2011). Thus, this paper investigates how these works share an imaginary space, while they are composed by different landscapes. Although we may understand that the other versions are adaptations of the text written by João Cabral de Melo Neto, this fact doesn’t explain by itself the result of these works, because in the experience with the text, the reader’s/the audience’s role is participative, combining experiences, contexts, perceptions to the work’s meaning. Besides this, we consider each media, with its possibilities and limits, as a factor of interference in the work. Therefore, the imaginary projected in the work is recreated, because each version offers distinct sensorial and cognitive experiences for new readers and viewers
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Wang, Lijie 1963. "Low severity electrochemical liquefaction of wood." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37693.
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Direct liquefaction of wood with aqueous HI solution to a wood oil product under low severity conditions, atmospheric pressure and low temperature around 125°C, was investigated in two stages. The first stage involved batch reactor studies. The wood-HI liquefaction reaction is fast, nearly complete in as little as 20s when the initial aqueous phase concentration is 57 wt% HI or greater. Yield of the char-type residue, a major problem in other liquefaction processes, is completely eliminated provided the final aqueous phase concentration is 50 wt% HI or above. The performance of this process with wood is better than would be predicted from experiments on the liquefaction of wood components determined separately.Removal of oxygen from polymeric wood components is accomplished with oxidation of I- to I2. The second stage tested a novel concept for closing the HI → I2 → HI loop, an electrochemical liquefaction reactor (ECLR) with liquefaction in the cathode cell where I2 is simultaneously reduced back to I- . Electrolysis of water at the anode generates O2 and the H+ required at the platinum cathode for HI regeneration. Without wood liquefaction, current efficiency for I2 reduction is 90--100% and I2 concentration can be maintained at about 0.1 M, which is about 10% of that without I2 reduction.
Preliminary ECLR tests in batch and batchwise-continuous modes demonstrated simultaneous wood liquefaction and electrochemical reduction of I2 in the presence of the viscous wood oil. Also the iodine content of the crude wood oil is thereby reduced by about 60%, where this limit is imposed by the strong physical association between I2 and various functional groups in the product. Generation of H2, the competitive reaction, can be avoided.
ECLR characteristics were determined from a continuous run in a sealed reactor at a steady aqueous phase concentration of 55 wt% HI with a cathode current density of 0.81 A/cm2 at a cell voltage of 6 V. Carbon base yields were 84.2% crude wood oil product, 4.9% methyl iodide from the lignin methoxy groups and no production of the char-type residue common to other biomass liquefaction processes. Of the I2 produced, 93% would be reduced to HI, the other 7% being I2 associated physically with the product. Of the H+ generated at the anode, about half is used for HI regeneration and half for electrochemical liquefaction reactions as reflected by the exceptionally high levels of hydrogen retention and oxygen removal of the wood oil relative to the wood, above 85% in both cases.
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Briscoe, Suzanne Marie Social Science & Policy UNSW. "Deterrence, punishment severity and drink-driving." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Social Science and Policy, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23442.
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This thesis tests one of the major propositions of deterrence theory: that increases in the severity of punishment can reduce the likelihood of offending. To this end, a case study in which the statutory penalties were doubled for almost all drink-driving offences in New South Wales, Australia, is examined. Two quasi-experimental studies were undertaken to assess the impact of these legislative changes: an interrupted time-series analysis of road crash rates (Study 1) and an analysis of drink-driving reoffending rates before and after the penalty changes were implemented (Study 2). Study 1 showed a significant increase in a surrogate measure of alcohol-related road crashes after the tougher drink-driving penalties were introduced. Further analyses suggested that this increase was driven primarily by a secular rise in non alcohol-related crashes that coincided with the policy???s implementation. Two possible conclusions about the deterrent effect of the policy are drawn from these findings: (1) that there was a reduction in alcohol-related road crashes which was overwhelmed by the rise in non alcohol-related crashes occurring around the same time or (2) that there was no change in crash rates. Study 2 found that drink-drivers who were convicted under the new penalty regime were less likely, and took longer, to reoffend than drink-drivers convicted before the introduction of the new penalties. This reduction in reoffending was only apparent for drink-drivers residing in country and regional areas and was small in magnitude.These latter findings are consistent with the possibility that the penalty changes coincided with a reduction in alcohol-related crashes but suggest that any decrease is likely to have been relatively small. A third study using a scenario-based survey methodology was also undertaken to examine the relationship between legal sanctions and willingness to drink-drive, controlling for other factors. The results of this study showed that participants who were more knowledgeable about drink-driving penalties were less likely to state that they would offend in the drink-driving scenario than participants who were less knowledgeable about the law. The implications of these findings for deterrence theory and criminal justice policy are discussed.
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McLaughlin, Euan William. "Mechanisms determining severity in acute pancreatitis." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.632423.
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Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) remains a significant cause of human morbidity and mortality, and for which therapy remains limited in its ability to prevent the development of severe disease. Urgent work is needed to elucidate the disease process at the cellular level to identify suitable targets for therapy. Extensive research as been undertaken in animal models, which have helped clarify the underlying complex cellular mechanisms involved, yet much still remains unclear. In particular the use of the hyperstimulation-induced animal model, particularly with cholecystokinin (or its analogue caerulein), has been controversial in recent years with detractors claiming there is no clear relevance to human disease. Work with human tissue is required to validate the findings of such animal models of acute pancreatitis. Cell death pathways are suggested to play a pivotal role in determining disease severity, with apoptosis favouring milder outcomes, and necrosis favouring increasing severity. However in recent years it has been suggested that this view may be simplistic. The Bcl-2 family of proteins have been found to be important regulators of cell death, but there have been no published work investigating their action in in vivo pancreatitis. Caffeine has been suggested as a potential therapeutic at it inhibits the abnormal Ca2+ signals associated with pancreatitis in vitro. However it's actions have not been tested in vivo. Methods: Experiments using confocal microscopy to test the responses of two subtypes of cholecystokinin (CCK-8 and CCK-58), in both isolated murine and human isolated pancreatic acinar cells, found both subtypes elicited very similar responses in both species. These responses were linked to metabolic activity (as measured by increase in mitochondrial NADH) and secretion (measured by loss of quinacrine from zymogen granules). These results validate continued use of the hyperstimulation model of acute pancreatitis. Results: Caerulein-induced AP in Bak, Bax and Bcl-2 knockout (KO) mice revealed surprising results. Bcl-2 KO had little effect on AP, Bak KO led to less severe disease, but no change in apoptosis. Bax KO led to more severe disease and early necrosis (first 8hrs), but subsequently increased apoptosis at later time points (12-24 hrs). This suggests the current understanding of Bcl-2 family proteins is incomplete. Conclusions: Caffeine was found to have protective effects in caerulein murine AP when administered at a concentration of 10 mglkg, and more so at 50 m glkg but this dose produced severe toxic side-effects. Further work is needed to optimise the correct dose and test caffeine metabolites and/or analogues.
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Wong, Yuen-ting, and 黃婉婷. "Burden and severity of influenza viruses." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207194.
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Background: The seriousness of human influenza virus infection, in combination with the transmissibility of the virus, determines the impact that the virus will have in a population. However, the uncertainty surrounding the seriousness and changes in seriousness hindered the calibration of the early public health response.
Methods: I applied statistical models to population-based mortality data and hospitalizations among patients with laboratory-confirmed H1N1pdm09. I estimated the disease burden, retrospectively and prospectively determined seriousness of influenza virus infections including the risk of death on a per-infection basis (IFR) and on a per-hospitalization (HFR) of H1N1pdm09, and investigated changes in seriousness. I used serologic surveillance data to estimate the cumulative incidence of infection in a population, and used it as the denominator of the IFR. I also conducted systematic reviews and meta-analysis to summarize published estimates of the risk of death among cases (CFR) and HFR of the pandemic influenza H1N1pdm09 virus.
Results: I estimated that the first wave of H1N1pdm09 was associated with approximately 232 (95% confidence interval: 136, 328) excess deaths in all ages in Hong Kong, which was around 4 times the observed number of laboratory-confirmed deaths of H1N1pdm09. The point estimates for the IFR and HFR increased substantially with age. I included 77 estimates for the CFR from 50 published studies; whereas I included 187 estimates for the HFR from 184 published studies. The CFR was widely used to assess seriousness but the variation of a ‘case’ varied considerably in the literature. Variability in published estimates of the HFR was much less than variability in the CFR.
Conclusions: Early in the next pandemic, estimation of the HFR, IFR or symptomatic CFR may provide a timely picture of the seriousness of infection, particularly if presented in comparison between two influenza virus infections in the same setting. Ongoing monitoring of mortality and influenza activity could permit identification of changes in seriousness of influenza virus infections.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Nedrebo, Oystein. "Transnational dimensions of civil conflict severity." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2123.
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Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In an otherwise broad literature on civil conflict little attention has so far been paid to actual conflict violence and variation in severity. Existing work is also hampered by a reliance on a ‘closed polity’ model of the state, leading to disregard of the transnational dimensions of internal conflict, and by a dependence on over‐aggregated data. The present inquiry expands on the existing explanatory framework for variation in civil conflict severity by including transnational factors and characteristics of sub‐national actors. Data on conflict battle deaths are combined with recently available data on transnational ethnic linkages, transnational support and neighbouring conflict as well as other actor and country characteristics. Results from ordinary least squares regression analysis indicate that support for rebel groups from external non‐state actors increase conflict severity, while rebel presence in other states is associated with less severe conflicts. In addition, severity increases with duration but with a diminishing marginal return. Internal armed conflicts are less severe in democratic and ethnically polarised countries but rebel territorial control increases the level of violence.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die andersins omvangryke literatuur oor burgerlike konflik is daar tot op hede min aandag geskenk aan werklike konflikgeweld en variasie in felheid (vernietigende omvang). Bestaande werk word ook belemmer omdat dit staat maak op ’n model van die staat as ‘geslote regering’, wat lei tot verontagsaming van die transnasionale dimensies van interne konflik, en staat maak op oor‐geaggregeerde data. Hierdie ondersoek brei uit op die bestaande verklarende raamwerk vir variasie in felheid van burgerlike konflik deur transnasionale faktore en eienskappe van subnasionale deelnemers in te sluit. Data oor konflikgevegsterftes is gekombineer met onlangse data oor transnasionale etniese koppelings, transnasionale steun en naburige konflik, sowel as ander deelnemer‐ en landeienskappe. Resultate van gewone kleinstekwadrate‐regressie‐analise dui daarop dat steun aan rebellegroepe deur eksterne nie‐staatsdeelnemers konflikfelheid laat toeneem, terwyl rebelleteenwoordigheid in ander lande geassosieer word met minder fel konflikte. Felheid neem ook toe saam met duur maar met ’n afnemende marginale opbrengs. Interne gewapende konflikte is minder fel in demokratiese en etnies gepolariseerde lande, maar rebellebeheer oor grondgebied verhoog die vlak van geweld.
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Barley, Elizabeth Alexandra. "Perception of asthma severity in adults." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409338.
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Lopes, Luiz Fernando Silva. "Dialogismo e polifonia nas vozes severinas." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1263.
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A presente pesquisa de cunho descritivo-analítico, de natureza qualitativa procura discutir as teorias do filósofo russo Mikhail Bakhtin no que se refere ao dialogismo e à polifonia no poema Morte e Vida Severina, de João Cabral de Melo Neto. Objetivamos analisar as categorias dialógicas e polifônicas de algumas estrofes do referido poema, especificamente, o sujeito como representação de um coletivo social, a intertextualidade e a intergenericidade poética, pois acreditamos que esse sujeito é parte indissociável entre as coisas do mundo e as coisas que o cercam. Nosso arcabouço teórico foi constituído a partir das ideias de Bakhtin (1998, 2005, 2011); e as de Volochinov, no que diz respeito aos aspectos discursivos, e das ideias de Candido (2010), de Secchin (2003), de Teles (1977) e as do próprio Cabral (2015), no que diz respeito aos aspectos literários. Nossas análises apontam para o estudo do dialogismo discursivo presente no poema e suas marcas discursivas que se entrelaçam com valores históricos, culturais e ideológicos, caracterizando, assim, um texto com grande riqueza discursiva. A presença da polifonia é outra marca presente neste estudo apontando a formação de sujeitos sociais que refletem um discurso de coletividade, sempre aberto à múltiplas possibilidades, cujas personagens sendo apontadas em um processo de evolução inacabado. Tal conceito passa a ser tomado na análise do poema como a posição tomada por parte do narrador personagem -como um regente de um grande coro de vozes que participam da construção estética. As relações intertextuais também fazem parte da nossa pesquisa, e foi possível encontrá-las na presença de elementos da cultura medieval e religiosa, que, influenciaram bastante os escritos cabralinos, além, dos aspectos do folclore e da cultura popular; todos em sintonia com a elaboração do poema. Por fim, o aspecto múltiplo do corpus em análise evidencia-se também nas relações intergenéricas, por se tratar de um texto teatral feito em versos, o que caracteriza-o como poema dramático.
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Hugen, Joshua Gilbert. "Modeling Loss Severity With Lognormal Mixtures." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27861.
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Property and Casualty insurance companies set premium rates by evaluating both loss fre-
quency and loss severity data. Insurance companies often model severity using a well-known single
distribution such as Lognormal or Gamma etc. Alternatively, they may use a composite distri-
bution, such as a Gamma-Lognormal. Both approaches assume that the data are homogeneous.
Real data may exhibit some behavior such as multimodality or irregular shape suggesting that they
are heterogeneous. In that case, in order to appropriately model the dataset, a model that is a
composite of several distributions of the same family is needed. This thesis proposes tting sever-
ity of losses using mixtures of Lognormal distributions via the Expectation Maximization (EM)
algorithm. The capability of this procedure is demonstrated through the use of a simulation study
before it is used on real data. For modeling the Danish Fire loss dataset a 4-component nite
mixture model of Lognormal distributions is proposed.
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Alkauskas, Giedrius. "Several problems from number theory." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20091008_155751-23469.
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Doctoral thesis is devoted to investigation of three problems. The first one deals with the analytic properties and representation in closed or almost closed form of the Stieltjes tranform of the Minkowski question mark function (that is, the generating function of moments, the so called dyadic period function). The main result claims that the dyadic period function can be represented as a convergent series of rational functions with rational coefficients. In the proof the techniques from complex dynamics, analytic theory of continued fractions, the theory of several complex variables are being used. The second problem is dealing with functional equations associated with norm and other forms. It is shown that these functional equations sometimes have other solutions apart from the trivial ones. Finally, we present a new proof of Fermat’s little theorem.Daktaro disertacijoje sprendžiami trys uždaviniai. Pirmasis nagrinėja Minkovskio “klaustuko” funkcijos Stieltjes’o transformacijos (tai yra, šios funkcijos momentų generuojančios funkcijos, taip vadinamosios diadinės periodo funkcijos), analizines savybes ir jos išraišką uždara ar beveik uždara forma. Pagrindinis rezultatas teigia, kad diadinę periodo funkciją galima išreikšti racionaliųjų funkcijų su racionaliaisiais koeficientais konverguojančia eilute. Įrodyme naudojama kompleksinės dinamikos, analizinės grandininių trupmenų teorijos, kelių kompleksinių kintamųjų funkcijų teorijos technika. Antrasis uždavinys nagrinėja funkcines lygtis, susietas su norminėmis ir kitomis kelių kintamųjų formomis. Yra parodoma, kad šios funkcinės lygtys kartais turi kitų, netrivialiųjų sprendinių. Galiausiai, yra pateikiamas naujas mažosios Fermat teoremos įrodymas.
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Sanfelice, Aline de Mello. "One name, several (wo)men." Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90639.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T13:20:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 240347.pdf: 287732 bytes, checksum: 3cda4806acb143fc6bd7d3f954b8513e (MD5)
This study discusses queer theory as regards the portrayal of Orlando in Virginia Woolf's novel, Orlando: A Biography. The character is first analyzed in light of the intersections between gender, race, class, and nation, and subsequently in terms of the poetic persona, understood from both liberal and radical perspectives. The findings show that the character can be understood to destabilize gender fixity in the construction of a poetic persona, which confirms the tentative hypothesis. Findings also show that there is a conflict in the novel as it presents at the same time a transgressive text and a normatizing subtext, a conflict that must be criticized for its implications in cultural studies regarding queer theories, gender studies, and emancipatory politics. Este estudo discute teoria queer na caracterização de Orlando no romance de Virginia Woolf, Orlando: A Biography. O personagem é analisado primeiramente em relação às intersecções entre gênero, raça, classe e nação, e na seqüência em termos de persona poética, entendida tanto de uma perspectiva liberal quanto radical. Os resultados do estudo mostram que o personagem desestabiliza a fixidez de gênero na construção da persona poética, o que confirma a hipótese inicial do estudo. Os resultados também mostram que existe um conflito no romance por este conter ao mesmo tempo um texto transgressivo e um subtexto normatizante, conflito este que deve ser criticado por suas implicações nos estudos culturais de teorias queer, estudos de gênero e políticas emancipatórias.
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Fallows, David. "Le serviteur of several masters." Bärenreiter Verlag, 1998. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A37030.
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Weiler, Severin [Verfasser]. "User Resistance to non-mandated Computerized Decision Support / Severin Weiler." Berlin : epubli, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1240970188/34.
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Müller, Severina [Verfasser]. "Flüchten mit Facebook : Potenziale der eskapistischen Nutzung sozialer Medien / Severina Müller." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160309671/34.
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Schmitt, Jochen, and Gottfried Wozel. "The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index Is the Adequate Criterion to Define Severity in Chronic Plaque-Type Psoriasis." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-135547.
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Background: Chronic plaque-type psoriasis is a major dermatosis, but a significant question is still unanswered: What defines severity in chronic plaque-type psoriasis? While objective assessments like the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) have frequently been used in clinical trials, quality of life (QOL) questionnaires are currently becoming more and more popular. Objective: This article summarizes the most important objective and subjective measurements of severity in psoriasis. For every dermatologist it is critically important to distinguish between severe psoriasis and psoriasis that severely affects QOL. Even if the PASI also has disadvantages, it is the most adequate instrument available to evaluate severity in plaque-type psoriasis. Result: We provide reasons why PASI >12 defines severe, PASI 7–12 moderate and PASI <7 mild chronic plaque-type psoriasisDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Schmitt, Jochen, and Gottfried Wozel. "The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index Is the Adequate Criterion to Define Severity in Chronic Plaque-Type Psoriasis." Karger, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27658.
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Background: Chronic plaque-type psoriasis is a major dermatosis, but a significant question is still unanswered: What defines severity in chronic plaque-type psoriasis? While objective assessments like the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) have frequently been used in clinical trials, quality of life (QOL) questionnaires are currently becoming more and more popular. Objective: This article summarizes the most important objective and subjective measurements of severity in psoriasis. For every dermatologist it is critically important to distinguish between severe psoriasis and psoriasis that severely affects QOL. Even if the PASI also has disadvantages, it is the most adequate instrument available to evaluate severity in plaque-type psoriasis. Result: We provide reasons why PASI >12 defines severe, PASI 7–12 moderate and PASI <7 mild chronic plaque-type psoriasis.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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PINHEIRO, NETO José Elias. "Uma viagem paisagística pelas zonas geográficas na obra Morte e Vida Severina de João Cabral de Melo Neto." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/384.
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Dissertacao Jose Elias Pinheiro Neto - Geografia.pdf: 1033143 bytes, checksum: 135d80fbe098e92e16019b0d818e4c29 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011-04-26This paper describes, under geographic perspective, aspects of landscape perception in poem Morte e Vida Severina, written by João Cabral de Melo Neto in 1956. A legend shows the route of the Northeast Wilderness man from Sertão, to Zona da Mata regions, in which the protagonist tries to get survival and to work in wet lands. In this trip he faces physical landscape which characterizes the location and the subjective landscape. This one is configurated through experience of his life. The reflections presented in this paper focus on Cultural Geography perspective. This bibliographic review. It has theoretical authors as: Monbeig (1940), Segismundo (1949), Ferreira (1990); Marandola (2007), Sousa (2008), Almeida (2010) and Marandola and Gratão Jr (2010). These studies show interest in studying literary works by analyzing them from a geographical view. This junction appears as a first idea of recoverying the categories of Geography that are described in literary sources, which show as human life is seen everywhere: places which are around us or the farthest from us, and, still places which we can imagine. In any situation, the feeling of comprehending the world makes writer create and bring to the reader s perception about the reality. This imagination creates human experiences with nature and gives to the geographer the construction of mental images that influence the intrinsic relationship between man and environment. So as a result, this paper demonstrates the way in which the cabralina poetic let Geography Science and Literature art talk.
Este trabalho descreve, numa visão geográfica, aspectos da percepção da paisagem no poema Morte e Vida Severina, escrito por João Cabral de Melo Neto em 1956. Uma saga que mostra a saída do homem nordestino do Sertão, interior do país, para a Zona da Mata, onde tenta buscar a sobrevivência e a tranquilidade úmida do trabalho. Nessa viagem se depara com a paisagem física que caracteriza a localidade e a paisagem subjetiva, que é entendida através de sua experiência de vida. As reflexões apresentadas nesta dissertação estão estruturadas sob o prisma da Geografia Cultural. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica em que se tem como referencial teórico autores como: Monbeig (1940); Segismundo (1949); Ferreira (1990); Marandola (2007); Sousa (2008); Almeida (2010) e Marandola Jr e Gratão (2010). Esses trabalhos reforçam o interesse em estudar obras literárias analisando-as a partir de um viés geográfico. Essa junção aparece como uma ideia primeira de valorização e recuperação de categorias da Geografia que estão descritas em fontes literárias, as quais demonstram como a vida humana é percebida em todos os lugares, sejam os que nos rodeiam ou os mais distantes de nós, e ainda, os que possamos imaginar. Em qualquer situação, é o sentimento de ver o mundo que dá subsídio ao escritor para criar e levar até o leitor a percepção da realidade. Essa imaginação cria experiências humanas com a Natureza e dá ao geógrafo a construção de imagens mentais que influenciam na intrínseca relação entre o homem e o meio. Então, como resultado, este trabalho demonstra a forma pela qual a poética cabralina permite o conversar entre a ciência da Geografia e a arte da Literatura.
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DRAKE, COURTNEY RUTH. "PERCEPTION OF DISEASE SEVERITY IN ADOLESCENTS DIAGNOSED WITH NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1022594060.
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Ponte, Filho Marcos Ximenes. "Cárie severa na infância." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/122911.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Florianópolis, 2013.Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T17:32:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 322030.pdf: 2692251 bytes, checksum: 678de34d08ca2657f572f4b0901b35f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a estrutura da comunidade bacteriana do biofilme de dentes decíduos em pacientes com cárie severa na infância através da análise de PCR-DGGE e verificar a ação de agentes antimicrobianos sobre bactérias prevalentes nesse tipo de lesão. Foram coletadas amostras de biofilme bacteriano provenientes de dentes hígidos (G1), com lesão de cárie de esmalte (G2) e dentina (G3) de 23 crianças entre 1 ? 5 anos de idade. O DNA metagenômico foi extraído pelo o método de CTAB, a qualidade do DNA foi verificada em gel de agarose seguida de eletroforese, e a quantificação e pureza foi determinado espectrofotometricamente. Em seguida, a região V3 do gene rDNA 16S foi amplificada utilizando-se o DNA extraído e os iniciadores universais BA 338fGC e UN518r. A quantidade de amplicons foi analisada por PCR-DGGE utilizando gel de acrilamida:bisacrilamida seguida de eletroforese. A aquisição das imagens foi realizada com fotodocumentador. Foram obtidos 45 amplicons, nos quais foi observado que as estruturas de comunidades bacterianas dos grupos estudados apresentaram diferenças entre os pacientes e entre os grupos de dentes, onde houve um maior numero de amplicons nosdentes do G2 e G3 quando comparados ao G1 (p < 0,05). Para a verificação da ação do gás ozônio e da associação de fluoreto de sódio (NaF) com clorexidina (CHX) contra S.mutans, L. acidophilus e E. faecalis foi utilizado a análise de recuperação de unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC/mL) em placas com ágar (TSA/SB) após o tratamento, e para os testes da associação do NaF e CHX foram verificadas por meio de análise da densidade ótica em placas de microtitulação de 96 poços. Os dados obtidos do tratamento com ozônio foram submetidos aos testes de Wilcoxon (p<0,05), ANOVA e Tukey (p<0,05). Para os dados de NaF-CHX foram aplicados os testes de ANOVA 2-way e Bonferroni (p<0,05). A contagem de UFC/mL demonstrou morte > 3log10 (99,9%) para todas as bactérias em uma aplicação de ozônio = 20ppm para S. mutans e = 200ppm para L. acidophilus e E. faecalis, enquanto que a associação de NaF-CHX foi mais eficaz (p<0,001) em todos as bactérias testadas quando comparado com as análises das substância isoladamente e ao grupo controle. Para este estudo in vitro pode-se concluir que a estrutura da comunidade bacteriana é mais complexa em dentes cariados, e o métodos de PCR-DGGE do gene rDNA 16S foi comprovado por ser uma ferramenta bastante valiosa para diferenciar a composição microbiana do biofilme dental. Todos os agentes antimicrobianos testados foram eficazes no controle do crescimento bacteriano de S. mutans, L. acidophilus e E. faecalis.
Abstract : The objective of this research was to evaluate the structure of bacterial community from biofilms of deciduous teeth in patients with early childhood caries through the analysis of PCR ? DGGE; verify the action of antimicrobial agents on bacteria related. Biofilm samples were collected from intact teeth (G1) , with enamel caries (G2) and dentin caries (G3) of 23 children aged 1-5 years. The metagenomic DNA was extracted by the CTAB method, the quality of the DNA was checked by electrophoresis, while quantification and purity were determined spectrophotometrically. Then, the DNA extracted associated to universal primers (BA 338fGC UN518r) were used to amplify the V3 region of the gene 16S rDNA. The amount of fragments was analyzed by PCR- DGGE using gel Acrylamide : bisacrylamide followed by electrophoresis. A total of forty-five amplicons were obtained, it was observed that the structures of bacterial communities of both groups showed differences between patients and between groups of teeth , where there was a higher number of amplicons in the biofilm of G2 and G3 compared to G1 ( p < 0.05). The method of analyzing recovery colony forming units (CFU / mL ) on agar plates (TSA/SB) was used to test the action ofozone gas and the association of sodium fluoride (NaF) with chlorhexidine (CHX) against S. mutans , L. acidophilus and E. faecalis. The data obtained from the ozone treatment were subjected to Wilcoxon (p< 0.05 ) , ANOVA and Tukey test (p< 0.05 ). For data CHX - NaF -tests were applied to 2 -way ANOVA and Bonferroni (p<0.05). The number of CFU/mL showed death > 3log10 ( 99.9 % ) for all bacteria on an application of ozone = 20ppm for S. mutans and = 200 ppm for L. acidophilus and E. faecalis , while the combination of CHX - NaF was effective (p<0.001) in all the bacteria tested when compared to analysis of substance alone and the control group. For this in vitro study it can be concluded that the bacterial community structure is more complex in decayed teeth, and methods of PCR - DGGE of 16S rDNA gene was proven to be a very valuable tool for differentiating the microbial composition of the biofilm. All antimicrobial agents tested were effective in controlling bacterial growth of S. mutans, L. acidophilus and E. faecalis.
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Fadl, Samer M. "Novel severity measurement of infant skull deformities." Yale University, 2009. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-05082009-125520/.
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Over the last decade, physicians have noted a rise in the prevalence of plagiocephaly. This sudden increase combined with the variability in presentation of infant head deformities makes the management of these cases often difficult. Currently, assessment for treatment is solely based largely on subjective determination of the severity of the patients skull malformation. Existing cephalometric techniques, such as external caliper measurements are commonly used, however these technique still contain inaccuracies, due to movement of an infant during measurement, soft tissue compression by the calipers, and lack of precise defined landmarks. (10) Given that no type of normalized measurement exists to identify objectively the severity of a patients skull deformity, the grading and selection of treatment modality has been relegated largely to experienced plastic surgeons and neurosurgeons. We report of a novel measurement that utilizes both CT scan and digital images combined with basic geometry to determine, objectively, the severity of an infants skull deformity, enabling all physicians to better decide what therapeutic intervention to employ.
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Viau, Nathalie L. "An evolutionary perspective on perceived crime severity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq36091.pdf.
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Teoh, Choo B. "Investigation of drought severity using probabilistic methods." Ohio : Ohio University, 1990. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1183474312.
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Arshad, Junaid. "Context-aware intrusion severity analysis for clouds." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540554.
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Jobin, Erik. "An Urban Rainfall Storm Flood Severity Index." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24124.
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Extreme rainfall statistics are important for the design and management of the water resource infrastructure. The standard approach for extreme rainfall event severity assessment is the Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) method. However, this approach does not consider the spatial context of rainfall and consequently does not properly describe rainfall storm severity, nor rarity. This study provides a critical account of the current standard practice and presents an approach that takes into consideration both the spatial context of rainfall storms, and indirectly incorporates runoff to produce a representative approach to assessing urban rainfall storm severity in terms of flood potential. A stepwise regression analysis was performed on a dataset of individual rainfall storm characteristics to best represent documented basement floodings in the City of Edmonton. Finally, the urban rainfall storm flood severity index was shown to be most representative of the documented basement floodings' severity when compared to that of the IDF method.
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Fransson, Christer. "Prevalence, extent and severity of peri-implantitis /." Göteborg : Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21187.
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Ismaeil, Taha. "Quantifying the severity of respiratory critical illness." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42993/.
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Clinicians use several oxygen-based indices in intensive care units as surrogates to determine the condition of the patient’s lung and verify monitoring progress. Examples of these oxygen indices include the ratio of arterial oxygen tension to inspired oxygen fraction (PaO2/FiO2 ratio); arterial/alveolar oxygen tension ratio (PaO2/PAO2); alveolar–arterial oxygen tension difference (PA-aO2); respiratory index (RI= (PA-aO2)/PaO2), and content-based venous admixture (Qs/Qt). One of the issues with this approach is that these indices fail to take into consideration several additional external pulmonary physiological factors and, as such, these indices could potentially mislead clinicians. This thesis explores the nature of the oxygen-tension-based indices response and examined the effect that varying certain external pulmonary factors, such as FiO2, PaCO2, Hb, respiratory rate, oxygen consumption, cardiac output, and respiratory quotient, had on PaO2 using virtual subjects and patients’ data to quantify oxygenation defect through a combination of mathematics, different diseases, and pathophysiology. There were one or two approaches that could lead us to the answer, and many dead end routes. Eventually, the research produced a new index that was compared and validated using two approaches. First, on virtual subjects with lung pathologies that were commonly seen in the intensive care unit and then on real clinical data that was obtained from the intensive care unit. The results of these validation investigations indicated that the proposed index is more robust and resistant to variations in certain external pulmonary factors than the PaO2/FiO2 ratio. As such, there is a strong indication that it may help to improve the quality of patient care provided. The feasibility of manually calculating and applying this newly proposed index in the ICU is an issue that merits further exploration. Theoretically, if the newly proposed index was found to be practicable, it could improve the healthcare provided; reduce the cost of unnecessary blood work, and save time and effort. However, due to the time it takes to calculate crPaO2 manually, the use of medical technology and computer applications is desirable.
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Gasparini, Luca. "Severity sensitive norm analysis and decision making." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231873.
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Normative systems have been proposed as a useful abstraction to represent ideals of behaviour for autonomous agents in a social context. They specify constraints that agents ought to follow, but may sometimes be violated. Norms can increase the predictability of a system and make undesired situations less likely. When designing normative systems, it is important to anticipate the effects of possible violations and understand how robust these systems are to violations. Previous research on robustness analysis of normative systems builds upon simplistic norm formalisms, lacking support for the specification of complex norms that are often found in real world scenarios. Furthermore, existing approaches do not consider the fact that compliance with different norms may be more or less important in preserving some desirable properties of a system; that is, norm violations may vary in severity. In this thesis we propose models and algorithms to represent and reason about complex norms, where their violation may vary in severity. We build upon existing preference-based deontic logics and propose mechanisms to rank the possible states of a system according to what norms they violate, and their severity. Further, we propose mechanisms to analyse the properties of the system under different compliance assumptions, taking into account the severity of norm violations. Our norm formalism supports the specification of norms that regulate temporally extended behaviour and those that regulate situations where other norms have been violated. We then focus on algorithms that allow coalitions of agents to coordinate their actions in order to minimise the risk of severe violations. We propose offline algorithms and heuristics for pre-mission planning in stochastic scenarios where there is uncertainty about the current state of the system. We then develop online algorithms that allow agents to maintain a certain degree of coordination and to use communication to improve their performance.
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Moura, Lino Daniel Evangelista. "Entre Carmens e Severinas: o flamenco transculturado." Escola de Teatro, 2013. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/27119.
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Este estudo trata de uma análise sobre transculturação entre cultura nordestina e dança flamenca, tendo como objeto de observação o espetáculo Entre Carmens e Severinas, no seu percurso entre os anos de 2009 e 2012, em Salvador. Esta análise fundamenta-se no conceito sobre transculturação desenvolvido por Fernando Ortiz e Angel Rama; nos estudos culturais referenciados em Stuart Hall, Nestor Garcia Canclini, Zygmunt Bauman, Homi K. Bhabha e Clifford Geertz; em questões políticas acerca da cultura nordestina e dança flamenca apresentados por Durval Muniz de Albuquerque Junior e William Washabaugh, respectivamente. A partir das interlocuções desses aportes teóricos, o modo de olhar para o espetáculo em questão está alicerçado nos princípios da crítica de processo apresentados por Cecilia Salles, com o intuito de evidenciar como as escolhas feitas na composição do espetáculo Entre Carmens e Severinas apresentam um produto transculturado em sua encenação.
This study analyzes the transculturation process between Northeastern culture and Flamenco Dance; the object of observation is the piece Entre Carmens e Severinas, through its course, from 2009 to 2012 in Salvador, Bahia. This analysis is grounded on: the concept of transculturation developed by Fernando Ortiz and Angel Rama; cultural studies by authors such as Stuart Hall, Nestor Garcia Canclini, Zygmunt Bauman, Homi K. Bhabha and Clifford Geertz; political issues concerning Northeastern culture and Flamenco Dance, presented by Durval Muniz de Albuquerque Junior and William Washabaugh, respectively. From the interlocutions among these theoretical contributions, the way of looking at the piece is grounded on the principles of process critical review introduced by Cecília Salles, and the aim is to evidence how the choices made in the composition of Entre Carmens e Severinas present a transculturated product in its staging.
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Meglich-Sespico, Patricia A. "Perceived Severity of Interpersonal Workplace Harassment Behaviors." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1163625282.
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Schneider, Lesley Erin. "Economic Conditions and Punishment Severity in Minnesota." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1543348790757449.
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Van, Miert Clare. "Measuring clinical severity in infants with bronchiolitis." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2037906/.
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Bronchiolitis is a viral lower respiratory tract infection of infancy and a major cause of infant morbidity. Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause of bronchiolitis. The majority of infants infected with bronchiolitis will have mild symptoms, lasting up to five days with the infant being successfully managed at home. However, up to 3% of all infants will be admitted to hospital for supportive therapy, such as oxygen and/ or fluids. A small proportion of these hospitalised infants (10%) will rapidly deteriorate further and require critical care admission for either invasive or non-invasive ventilation. Many clinical trials have been undertaken to evaluate a number of pharmaceutical interventions used to treat bronchiolitis. However, no treatment intervention has been proven to be effective. A large proportion of these clinical trials used clinical severity scores as an outcome measure. These clinical severity scores had not undergone any rigorous development and validation as recommended by the Food and Drug Agency (FDA) when developing an outcome measure for clinical trials. This thesis sets out the psychometric methods used to develop and validate the Liverpool Infant Bronchiolitis Severity Score – Proxy Reported Outcome Measure (LIBSS-PRO). The premise of the LIBSS-PRO is two-fold. Firstly, the LIBSS-PRO has been primarily developed for use in daily clinical management to identify infant improvement or deterioration. This will contribute to the standardisation of patient care and facilitate clinical decision making. Secondly, by fulfilling the FDA criteria as an outcome measure the LIBSS-PRO will improve the quality of future clinical trials of treatment interventions for bronchiolitis. The study was divided into three phases over three bronchiolitis seasons. The first phase was concerned with the development of the LIBSS-PRO. Items were identified from the literature and through stakeholder group workshops. A conceptual framework of bronchiolitis severity was developed. Consensus methods were used to identify which items were considered the most important and to develop criteria for mild, moderate and severe bronchiolitis. The second phase determined the content validity of the LIBSS-PRO. The LIBSS-PRO was evaluated by a range of health care professionals working in a variety of clinical environments by applying the score to eligible infants. Cognitive interviewing of health care professionals was used to assess comprehension and interpretation of each section of the LIBSS-PRO. Finally, in phase three, clinical field testing was undertaken in a variety of clinical locations by health care professionals to establish construct and criterion validity and reliability of the LIBSS-PRO. Responsiveness to change and cross cultural validation will be assessed in future clinical trials.
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Ruchala, Stacy L. "Propagation of Several Native Ornamental Plants." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RuchalaSL2002.pdf.
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Sadykov, Timour. "Hypergeometric functions in several complex variables." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Univ, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-198.
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Silvertooth, J. C., and B. R. Gardner. "Phosphate Sorption of Several Arizona Soils." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204831.
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Phosphate (P) adsorption of 6 agriculturally- important Arizona soils was studied by use of adsorption isotherm experiments and with conventional Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. Adsorption experiments were conducted at 25°C where each soil was placed in a 10:1 (solution:soil) ratio using 0.01M CaCl₂ as a background solution. Each soil was subjected to 4 levels of inorganic P addition using Ca(H₂PO₄)₂H₂O as the P source. Use of the Langmuir model was significant in all cases (P ≤ 0.05) with r² values ranging from 0.93 to 0.99. Capacity parameter estimates obtained from the models indicated P adsorption potentials of up to 357 lb. acre⁻¹ (818 lb. P₂0₅ acre⁻¹) for the soils studied. Application of the Freundlich model revealed r² values of 0.88 to 0.99 with all models proving to be significant (P ≤ 0.05).
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Unrah, B. L., J. C. Silvertooth, D. M. Hendricks, and J. E. Malcuit. "Potassium Fertility of Several Arizona Soils." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/209581.
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Potassium (K) fertility requirements for cotton ( Gossypium spp) have been a matter of concern due to increasing interest and emphasis on fiber quality and numerous reports of K deficiencies in various cotton producing regions. To address this matter appropriately, a thorough understanding of the chemical, physical, and mineralogical composition of the soils in question is in order. Soil samples were collected from ten sites across southern Arizona that are representative of the common agricultural soils of the region. At all locations soils were sampled to a depth of 120 cm in 30 cm increments. All soils were characterized with respect to chemical composition by the following parameters: exchangeable K, total K, cation exchange capacity and particle size analysis. With the exception of one soil (a soil not commonly employed in cotton production), none of the chemically characterized soils contained less than 150 mg K kg⁻¹ of extractable K in the surface 90 cm of soil. All of the soils contained K- bearing mica and none of the soils contained any K- fixing vermiculite. From the initial chemical and mineralogical information, K fertilization is not likely for similar situations in Arizona. Further research is under way to quantify the K-fixing ability of each soil in this survey and additional field studies are also being conducted to evaluate K fertilization in both Upland (G. hirsutum L.) and Pima (G. barbadense L.) cotton.