Academic literature on the topic 'Severity of hypothetical crash'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Severity of hypothetical crash.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Severity of hypothetical crash"

1

Freeman, Michael D. "Principles and Methods for Evidence-Based Quantification of the Effect of Seat Belt Non-Use in Crash-Related Litigation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (2021): 9455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189455.

Full text
Abstract:
Traffic crashes are a common cause of injury and death, and often result from the negligent actions of an inattentive, speeding, or impaired driver. In such cases, a civil legal action may be brought by an injured claimant for compensation for injuries resulting from a crash. Crash-related litigation is defended on various theories, one of which is to raise the issue of contributory negligence when the claimant was not using an available seat belt at the time of the crash, based on the assertion that the claimed injuries would have been avoided or minimized to some degree if the claimant had b
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ray, Malcolm H., Christine E. Carrigan, and Chuck A. Plaxico. "Method for Modeling Crash Severity with Observable Crash Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2437, no. 1 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2437-01.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Long, Kejun, Zhibo Gao, Quan Yuan, Wang Xiang, and Wei Hao. "Safety evaluation for roadside crashes by vehicle–object collision simulation." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 10 (2018): 168781401880558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018805581.

Full text
Abstract:
In order to evaluate roadside crash severity and help making decision on roadside safety improvement alternatives, this article proposes a roadside crash severity evaluation method based on vehicle kinematics metric during the crash: Acceleration Severity Index. Based on the field investigation on 1917 km of representative roads, roadside crash test standards and parameters were determined. A total of 59 crash scenarios, involving 5 typical roadside obstacles, 2 types of guardrails, 15 embankment slopes, and 3 types of vehicles (car, bus, and truck), were designed for simulated crash testing w
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Vangi, Dario, Michelangelo-Santo Gulino, Anita Fiorentino, and Antonio Virga. "Crash momentum index and closing velocity as crash severity index." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 13 (2019): 3318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018823658.

Full text
Abstract:
The velocity change Δ V of a vehicle subject to a collision, widely recognized as an efficient crash severity indicator, is a typical ‘a posteriori’ parameter, not generally known until the crash phase has been reconstructed. Δ V is the result of a combination of factors, regarding the impact velocities of the colliding vehicles and the geometry of the impact (as eccentricity, etc.): for this reason, its value alone gives no clear indications on the actions which can be undertaken to reduce crash severity. This feature is particularly critical in some application fields, for example, in case o
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Shea, M. Scott, Thanh Q. Le, and Richard J. Porter. "Combined Crash Frequency–Crash Severity Evaluation of Geometric Design Decisions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2521, no. 1 (2015): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2521-06.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper quantified the effects of freeway ramp spacing and auxiliary lane presence on crash frequency and crash severity. Crash frequencies were predicted with a safety performance function, and crash severities were estimated with what was termed a “severity distribution function.” The paper then demonstrated how to combine quantitative knowledge related to the effects of ramp spacing and auxiliary lane presence on both crash frequency and severity into a framework for assessing the overall crash cost for different ramp configurations. Geometric features, traffic characteristics, and crash
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Wu, Biao, Xingyu Wang, Tuo Liu, Naibao Dong, and Yun Li. "Exploring Factors Contributing to Crash Injury Severity in the Rural-Urban Fringe of the Central City." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (August 30, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8453465.

Full text
Abstract:
To analyze the risk factors influencing the crash injury severity in rural-urban fringes, crash data in rural-urban fringes were collected from Harbin, China. Four risk factors, namely, time of day, vehicle type, road feature, and crash type, were investigated associated with the severity of rural-urban fringe crashes. The crash injury severity was divided into two categories, including fatal and nonfatal crash. The logistic regression was applied to explore the relationships between the severity outcomes and time of day, vehicle type, road feature, and crash type. The test methods of goodness
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Cao, Yi, Shiwen Li, and Chuanyun Fu. "An Assessment Method of Urban Traffic Crash Severity Considering Traveling Delay and Non-Essential Fuel Consumption of Third Parties." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (2020): 6806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176806.

Full text
Abstract:
Urban traffic crashes may lead to only a few casualties, but may generate severe negative impacts on the surrounding traffic, such as evidently increasing traveling delay and non-essential fuel consumption of third parties (i.e., vehicles not involved in the crash). Such detrimental consequences of urban traffic crashes are usually ignored by the traditional crash severity evaluation approaches. Therefore, this study attempts to classify urban traffic crash severity by considering the traveling delay and non-essential fuel consumption of third parties in addition to casualties and property dam
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Qin, Xiao, Most Afia Sultana, Madhav V. Chitturi, and David A. Noyce. "Developing Truck Corridor Crash Severity Index." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2386, no. 1 (2013): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2386-12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Harvey, Chester, and Lisa Aultman-Hall. "Urban Streetscape Design and Crash Severity." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2500, no. 1 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2500-01.

Full text
Abstract:
Streetscape design is increasingly acknowledged as a tool for improving traffic safety and livability in urban settings. While traditional highway safety engineering promotes removing obstacles from and widening roadside clear zones to reduce collision potential, a contrasting framework proposes that smaller, more enclosed streetscapes may encourage slower, less risky driving and therefore improve both livability and safety. Such a strategy may have particular relevance along urban arterials, where large clear zones may be impractical because of complex adjacent land uses and where the promoti
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Nguyen, Thanh Chuong, Minh Hieu Nguyen, Jimmy Armoogum, and Thanh Tung Ha. "Bus Crash Severity in Hanoi, Vietnam." Safety 7, no. 3 (2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety7030065.

Full text
Abstract:
Recently, there has been an increasing interest in targeting the safety of bus operations worldwide; however, little is known about the determinants of the bus crash severity in developing countries. By estimating an ordered logit model using the bus-involved collision data in Hanoi (Vietnam), spanning the period from 2015 to 2019, this study investigates various factors associated with the crash severity. The results reveal that the severity risk increases for (1) large buses, (2) raining conditions, (3) evening or night, (4) sparse traffic, (5) non-urban areas, (6) roads with at least three
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Severity of hypothetical crash"

1

Alfallaj, Ibrahim Saleh. "Analysis of Crash Location and Crash Severity Related to Work Zones in Ohio." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1406912337.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Dias, Ishani Madurangi. "Work zone crash analysis and modeling to identify factors associated with crash severity and frequency." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20517.

Full text
Abstract:
Doctor of Philosophy<br>Civil Engineering<br>Sunanda Dissanayake<br>Safe and efficient flow of traffic through work zones must be established by improving work zone conditions. Therefore, identifying the factors associated with the severity and the frequency of work zone crashes is important. According to current statistics from the Federal Highway Administration, 2,372 fatalities were associated with motor vehicle traffic crashes in work zones in the United States during the four years from 2010 to 2013. From 2002 to 2014, an average of 1,612 work zone crashes occurred in Kansas each year, ma
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Sharma, Aasha Turochy Rod E. "Hypothetical analysis on cost effectiveness of centerline rumble strips as a crash countermeasure." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/master's/SHARMA_ASHA_54.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Wang, Zhenyu. "Modeling crash severity and speed profile at roadway work zones." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002515.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Wang, Qing. "Study on crash characteristics and injury severity at roadway work zones." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002924.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Nevarez-Pagan, Alexis. "SEVERITY ANALYSIS OF DRIVER CRASH INVOLVEMENTS ON MULTILANE HIGH SPEED ARTERIAL CORRIDORS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3478.

Full text
Abstract:
Arterial roads constitute the majority of the centerline miles of the Florida State Highway System. Severe injury involvements on these roads account for a quarter of the total severe injuries reported statewide. This research focuses on driver injury severity analysis of statewide multilane high speed arterials using crash data for the years 2002 to 2004. The first goal is to test different ways of analyzing crash data (by road entity and crash types) and find the best method of driver injury severity analysis. A second goal is to find driver, vehicle, road and environment related factors tha
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Caviedes, Cómbita Àlvaro Alfonso. "Exploring the Determinants of Vulnerable Road Users' Crash Severity in State Roads." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4062.

Full text
Abstract:
Pedestrians and bicyclists are the most vulnerable road users and suffer the most severe consequences when crashes take place. An extensive literature is available for crash severity in terms of driver safety, but fewer studies have explored non-motorized users' crash severity. Furthermore, most research efforts have examined pedestrian and bicyclist crash severity in urban areas. This study focuses on state roads (mostly outside major urban areas) and aims to identify contributing risk factors of fatal and severe crashes involving pedestrians and bicyclists in state roads. Two ordinal regress
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Mohagheghi, Ali. "Effect of Pavement Condition on Traffic Crash Frequency and Severity in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100129.

Full text
Abstract:
Previous studies show that pavement condition properties are significant factors to enhance road safety and riding experience, and pavements with low quality might have inadequate performance in terms of safety and riding experience. Pavement Management System (PMS) databases include pavement properties for each segment of the road collected by the agencies. Understanding the impact of road characteristics on crash frequency is a key step to prevent crashes. Whereas other studies analyzed the effect of different characteristics such as International Roughness Index (IRI), Rutting Depth (RD), A
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Angel, Alejandro. "Estimating Injury Severity and Cost in Two-Vehicle Crashes." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195748.

Full text
Abstract:
This dissertation performs a comprehensive analysis of the effect of different environmental, demographic and vehicle variables on the severity of two-vehicle crashes. The limitations associated with previous studies have been addressed by using a large crash database, properly defining the independent variables, using appropriate statistical models, and by considering the effect of factors normally unaccounted for such as crash type, impact speed, and weight or height incompatibilities between the two vehicles.The use of multinomial logit models at the individual occupant and crash levels pro
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

EKRAM, AL-AHAD. "REDUCED VISIBILITY RELATED CRASHES IN FLORIDA: CRASH CHARACTERISTICS, SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND INJURY SEVERITY." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4306.

Full text
Abstract:
Roadway crashes related to vision obstruction due to fog/smoke (FS) conditions constitute a challenge for traffic engineers. Previous research efforts mostly concentrated on the snow and rain related crashes. Statistics show that Florida is among the top three states in terms of crashes due to vision obstruction by FS. This research culminated in a comprehensive study of fog and smoke related crashes in the state of Florida. The analysis took into account the crashes that occurred between 2003 and 2007 on Florida state roads. Spatial analysis and injury severity analysis have been conducted an
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Severity of hypothetical crash"

1

Turner, Daniel S. Severity indices for roadside features. National Academy Press, 1994.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Grisoli, Dominique, and Didier Raoult. Prevention and treatment of endocarditis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0161.

Full text
Abstract:
Initially always lethal, the prognosis of infective endocarditis (IE) has been revolutionized by antibacterial therapy and valve surgery. Nevertheless, it remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases, with ≥30% of patients dying within a year of diagnosis. Its incidence has also remained stable at 25–50 cases per million per year, and results predominantly from a combination of bacteraemia and a predisposing cardiac condition, including endocardial lesions and/or intracardiac foreign material. While antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended by various learned societies to cover healthcare proc
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Severity of hypothetical crash"

1

Jahangeer, Aafreen Asma, Sai Suresh Anjana, and Vivek R. Das. "A Hierarchical Modeling Approach to Predict Pedestrian Crash Severity." In Transportation Research. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9042-6_28.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Xu, Cheng, and Xiaonan Yu. "Modeling and Analysis of Crash Severity for Electric Bicycle." In Intelligent Interactive Multimedia Systems and Services. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92231-7_38.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Rich, D., W. Kosiak, G. Manlove, S. V. Potti, and D. Schwarz. "A Sensor for Crash Severity and Side Impact Detection." In Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 98. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-39696-4_1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Rich, D., W. Kosiak, G. Manlove, S. V. Potti, and D. Schwarz. "A Sensor for Crash Severity and Side Impact Detection." In Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 98. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72146-5_1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Zhang, Guangnan, Yanyan Li, Mark J. King, and Qiaoting Zhong. "Overloading Among Crash-Involved Vehicles in China: Identification of Factors Associated with Overloading and Crash Severity." In Road Safety in China. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0701-1_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Widia, Mirta, Nur Syafiqah Fauzan, Fadhlul Adni Binti Abdul Aziz, et al. "Risk Factors Affecting the Severity of Single Vehicle Rear-End Crash." In Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80012-3_17.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Xu, Xinxin, Ziqiang Zeng, Yinhai Wang, and John Ash. "Crash Density and Severity Prediction Using Recurrent Neural Networks Combined with Particle Swarm Optimization." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21248-3_41.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Xu, Cheng. "Identification of Factors Influencing Crash Severity for Electric Bicycle Using Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm." In Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8683-1_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

van Wyk, Franco, Anahita Khojandi, and Neda Masoud. "A Path Towards Understanding Factors Affecting Crash Severity in Autonomous Vehicles Using Current Naturalistic Driving Data." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29513-4_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Xu, Xinxin, Ziqiang Zeng, Yinhai Wang, and John Ash. "A Crash Counts by Severity Based Hotspot Identification Method and Its Application on a Regional Map Based Analytical Platform." In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59280-0_23.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Severity of hypothetical crash"

1

Gioutsos, Tony. "Important Issues in Crash Severity Sensing." In SAE 2002 World Congress & Exhibition. SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0182.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Barnard, R., and M. Riesner. "A Momentum and Energy Approach to Modeling Crash Behavior, Quantifying Crash Severity, and Identifying Crash Configurations." In International Body Engineering Conference & Exposition. SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-2714.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Varat, Michael S., and Stein E. Husher. "Vehicle Crash Severity Assessment in Lateral Pole Impacts." In International Congress & Exposition. SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-0100.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Schneider, Kilian, Robert Lugner, Maximilian Inderst, Tobias Weigl, and Thomas Brandmeier. "Verification of Crash Severity Estimation Algorithm for Autonomous Driving Using Real Crash Data." In ICVISP 2020: 2020 4th International Conference on Vision, Image and Signal Processing. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3448823.3448850.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Khaewpong, Nopporn, Thuvan T. Nguyen, Francis D. Bents, Martin R. Eichelberger, Catherine S. Gotschall, and Rene Morrissey. "Injury Severity in Restrained Children in Motor Vehicle Crashes." In 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference (1995). SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/952711.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ghannam, Mahmoud Yousef, Todd Clark, Yeruva Reddy, and Jinkoo Lee. "A Study of Crash Energy and Severity in Frontal Vehicle-To-Vehicle Crash Tests." In SAE 2011 World Congress & Exhibition. SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0541.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Razi-Ardakani, Hesamoddin, Amin Ariannezhad, and Mohammad Kermanshah. "A Study of Sex Differences on Road Crash Severity." In International Conference on Civil, Structural and Transportation Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/iccste18.113.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Yahaya, Mahama, Xinguo Jiang, Chuanyun Fu, Kamal Bashir, and Wenbo Fan. "Enhancing Crash Injury Severity Prediction on Imbalanced Crash Data by Sampling Technique with Variable Selection." In 2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference - ITSC. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2019.8917223.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Kim, A., K. F. Anderson, J. Berliner, et al. "A Comparison of the Hybrid III and BioRID II Dummies in Low-Severity, Rear-Impact Sled Tests." In STAPP Car Crash Conference. SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-22-0012.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Boehmlaender, Dennis, Sinan Hasirlioglu, Vitor Yano, Christian Lauerer, Thomas Brandmeier, and Alessandro Zimmer. "Advantages in Crash Severity Prediction Using Vehicle to Vehicle Communication." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks Workshops (DSN-W). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsn-w.2015.23.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Severity of hypothetical crash"

1

Wenzel, Tom P. Effect of Accounting for Crash Severity on the Relationship between Mass Reduction and Crash Frequency and Risk per Crash. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1345193.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Caviedes Cómbita, Álvaro. Exploring the Determinants of Vulnerable Road Users’ Crash Severity in State Roads. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5946.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ukkusuri, Satish, Lu Ling, Tho V. Le, and Wenbo Zhang. Performance of Right-Turn Lane Designs at Intersections. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317277.

Full text
Abstract:
Right-turn lane (RTL) crashes are among the most key contributors to intersection crashes in the US. Different right turn lanes based on their design, traffic volume, and location have varying levels of crash risk. Therefore, engineers and researchers have been looking for alternative ways to improve the safety and operations for right-turn traffic. This study investigates the traffic safety performance of the RTL in Indiana state based on multi-sources, including official crash reports, official database, and field study. To understand the RTL crashes' influencing factors, we introduce a rand
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Tarko, Andrew P., Qiming Guo, and Raul Pineda-Mendez. Using Emerging and Extraordinary Data Sources to Improve Traffic Safety. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317283.

Full text
Abstract:
The current safety management program in Indiana uses a method based on aggregate crash data for conditions averaged over several-year periods with consideration of only major roadway features. This approach does not analyze the risk of crashes potentially affected by time-dependent conditions such as traffic control, operations, weather and their interaction with road geometry. With the rapid development of data collection techniques, time-dependent data have emerged, some of which have become available for safety management. This project investigated the feasibility of using emerging and exi
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!