Journal articles: 'Sewage Disposal And Treatment'

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Jia, Li. "Treatment and Disposal Technology of Surplus Sludge in Urban and Town Sewage Treatment Plant." E3S Web of Conferences 143 (2020): 02052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014302052.

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with the continuous acceleration of urban and town construction, the output of urban and town sewage is also increasing. To a great extent, this promotes the technological development and capacity expansion of urban and town sewage treatment plants. In the process of sewage treatment, a lot of sludge is inevitable. However, many urban and town sewage treatment plants pay more attention to the treatment of sewage and ignore the treatment of sludge. In this way, the sludge without proper treatment can be disposed at will. In the long run, this will not only affect the surrounding environment, but also hinder the development of social economy. Therefore, the urban and town sewage treatment plant should pay enough attention to the application of surplus sludge treatment and disposal technology. In this paper, the main problems existing in the treatment and disposal technology of surplus sludge in urban and town sewage treatment plants, and the treatment and disposal technology of surplus sludge in urban and town sewage treatment plants are both explored and analyzed, hoping to contribute to the long-term development of urban and town sewage treatment plants.

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RAIZER NETO, Ernesto, Júlio Dias do PRADO, Marlon Leal MARCELINO, and Glicia Gabriela VIEIRA. "SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT SINGLE FAMILY." Periódico Tchê Química 13, no. 25 (January 20, 2016): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v13.n25.2016.37_periodico25_pgs_37_41.pdf.

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Currently there is great concern about the lack of drinking water in the world, today Brazil has already suffered the consequences by waste and improper disposal of waste, suffering already with several forced rationing. Improper disposal of sewage is the main cause of soil pollution, groundwater, surface water sources and water courses in Santa Catarina. Among the existing municipalities in the state, only 8% are met with services by the sewage system, while the national average is 19%. More efficient existing sewage treatment systems are extremely large, with this in order to solve the problems with the incorrect disposal of sewage, as well as an efficient and cost-effective treatment, a small health treatment plant was designed, to meet families of up to 4 residents with similar price to the notch filter system, but more efficiently, allowing direct discharge into storm beds, even the reuse of water for irrigation systems. The prototype was installed on 10.8.2014, and performed all tests ordered by law to date. The results were encouraging, given both technical and financial.

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Leontaritis, J. A. "Sewage treatment and disposal strategies in Greece." Marine Pollution Bulletin 23 (January 1991): 691–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(91)90761-g.

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Hahn, Hermann H. "Regional Sludge Treatment and Disposal Optimizing Reliability and Cost." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 5-6 (May 1, 1987): 847–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0263.

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Sewage sludge is the consequence of successful wastewater treatment. With the increasing number of wastewater treatment facilities and increasing intensity of treatment the amount of sludge produced will grow. The task of sludge treatment and disposal will therefore assume a significant place in environmental quality control. Sewage sludge is considered both a valuable resource possibly for agriculture, and a waste material which must be disposed of safely. Thus, regional solutions must be aimed for if available sites for agricultural application or a limited number of disposal sites are to be used wisely. Technically and economically feasible alternatives of treatment (and disposal) are numerous. The selection process to be discussed in this paper is a minimization of overall cost and/or an optimization of process reliability and cost. There exist proven mathematical tools for the solution of such optimization problems; in this instance dynamic programming routines have been utilized. The applicability of these methods, as well as their limits, are shown in a practical case study.

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Yousef, Khulood, Saud Al-Mutairy, and Fouzy Haitham. "Management, Treatment and Disposal of Wastewater (Sewage) Plan at Kuwait Oil Company (KOC)." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 6, no. 8 (2015): 596–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2015.v6.664.

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Garber, William F. "Sewage Sludge Disposal in Southern California, U.S.A." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1989): 1431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0339.

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Disposal of sewage solids resulting from wastewater treatment processes has historically been the most difficult and “unsolved” problem in the handling of water-carried wastes in Southern California. Continuing rapid growth combined with Federal laws which essentially prohibit any discharge of sludge to the ocean regardless of net effects upon the land) water and air total environment have exacerbated this problem to an almost critical state. Complex incineration processes directed at producing energy from dried sludge while minimizing negative atmospheric impacts are under construction. Their complexity has resulted in start-up problems related to the short time allowed for design and break-in by Federal Court action. Increased sludge disposal amounts are also resulting from Federal insistence upon full secondary treatment prior to ocean disposal regardless of net environmental impact. Four large facilities were examined: the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles and Orange Counties, the City of San Diego and the City of Los Angeles. Differing approaches to disposal have been chosen with landfills receiving most sludge at the present and incineration planned for most in the future. Description of the current practices with the amounts of solids to be disposed of and the current costs are outlined.

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Steinle, Eberhard. "Sludge Treatment and Disposal Systems for Rural Areas in Germany." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 9 (May 1, 1993): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0190.

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First an overview of the systems currently in use and being discussed for sludge treatment is presented will) particular emphasis on distinguishing between the object of the system (conditioning objective of the various phases in the system) and a system concept (concept of various phases of the system in sequence to attain the disposal objective). More detailed information is given as to the salient systems as used with smaller sewage treatment plants in rural areas, such as digestion, dewatering, hygienization, composting and thermal drying. A further item of discussion is how sludge treatment influences the sewage treatment process. For the critical emissions (nitrogen, phosphorus) demanded in Germany, and thus for the degree of sewage treatment required, the load of the sewage treatment system resulting from sludge treatment needs to be taken into account. Accordingly, operation of sludge treatment and sewage purification must always be harmonized. The extent of these return loads also limits the spatial centralization of the system phases; this applies in particular to smaller sewage treatment plants in rural areas. In conclusion, an attempt is made to present a perspective for the agricultural utilization of such sludge in Germany. Since the critical values for emissions have been further tightened by new regulations, thus considerably elevating the associated sophistication of monitoring techniques, it is to be expected that the use of sewage sludge in agriculture will also be further reduced in rural areas, especially since public awareness of emission control has considerably reduced the acceptance of sewage sludge as fertilizer.

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Hiraoka, M. "Advanced sludge thermal processes in Japan." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 8 (October 1, 1994): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0398.

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As a result of the spread of sewerage systems, the management of growing quantities of sewage sludge is becoming an urgent need. As the method of sludge management, thermal processes have mostly been applied to the treatment and disposal of sewage sludge in Japan, because of the difficulty of finding final disposal sites. This paper describes the progress of thermal processing technologies, especially focusing on drying-incineration process systems and melting-slag recycling process systems.

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Wang, Gong, Jun Jie Guo, Yan Ling He, and Hong Feng Du. "Based on the Content of the Wastewater Treatment Network Monitor System Research." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1121.

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Combined with sewage disposal characteristics and content networking technology, Constructing the relatively flexible structure, the price is relatively cheap,reliable performance of sewage treatment monitoring system. Improve the sewage disposal automation and informationization level and the ability of the key sources of pollution monitoring and environmental incident coping,The environmental protection,energy saving and emission reduction is of great significance.

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Li, Chen Yang, Hong Guang Chen, Dan Dan Xie, and Wei Wei Tian. "Urban Sewage Treatment Project Risk Management Model." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2070–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2070.

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Using the automatic driving process of urban sewage treatment project risk model, combining with the characteristics of sewage disposal engineering project financing, putting forward the model of urban sewage treatment project financing risk. Cognizing and distinguishing on urban sewage treatment project financing risk. Delphi analytic hierarchy process is used to quantitative analysis for getting urban sewage treatment project financing risk hierarchy, using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for its optimization research.

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Liu, Jing. "Research on Sewage Treatment of Constructed Wetland on Expressway." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1281.

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As a new type of ecology treatment technology, constructed wetland has been widely utilized in the sewage disposal system. The paper researches into the constructed wetlands basic concept, structural constitutions and the sewage disposal mechanism. It has been certified that the constructed wetland technology play an important role in decreasing point source pollution on expressway.

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12

Curtis, R. "Sewage water and solids treatment and disposal system." Environment International 23, no. 3 (1997): XIII. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-4120(97)88032-4.

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King, J. L. "Criteria for Sewage Treatment and Disposal in a Tourist City." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0060.

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This paper sets out the design criteria used by the Gold Coast City Council in the design of its sewage treatment and disposal system. Tourism is the City's major industry and the City's raw sewage is almost completely domestic in its nature. The quantity and quality of the raw sewage are discussed and parameters defined for treatment. Unpolluted beaches and waterways are an essential part of the tourism image and the effluent standards required by the Water Quality Council of Queensland and the method of disposal and effluent standards adopted by Gold Coast City Council are discussed.

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He, Bifan, and Guangjin Wang. "Is ceramsite the last straw for sewage sludge disposal: a review of sewage sludge disposal by producing ceramsite in China." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.223.

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Abstract With the rapid development of urbanization, the amount of urban sewage treatment is increasing. Waste activated sludge (WAS) is a by-product of sewage treatment, and its output is increasing year by year. How to properly handle WAS is related to the sustainable development of the sewage treatment industry. The production of ceramsite from WAS is an effective way to realize the utilization of sludge. This paper comprehensively describes the use of WAS as raw material, adding clay, cement, glass powder, shale, coal gangue, river sediment, pulverized fly ash and other auxiliary materials (AM) to produce sintered sewage sludge ceramsite and non-sintered sludge ceramsite. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the process of making ceramsite from WAS. The research points out the development prospect of ceramsite from WAS.

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Krutikov, Vadim, Ivan Semenov, and Dmitriy Dubrovskiy. "DISPOSAL ALCOHOL WASTEWATER WITHOUT USING THERMAL TREATMENT." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2020, no. 1 (June 16, 2020): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2020-1-43-44.

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The possibility of withdrawing alcohol wastewater from thermal treatment to a sewage treatment plant was considered in this article. These measures can reduce the cost of fuel used for thermal treatment, as well as improve the quality of the biological wastewater treatment process

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16

Lowe, Paul. "The Role of Strategies in the Development of Large Sewage Treatment Works." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1988): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0167.

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The development of three strategies covering the three largest sewage treatment works owned and operated by Yorkshire Water is described. The first deals with the problems of sludge disposal in a large urban conurbation containing 51 sewage works and producing 75,000 dry tonnes of sludge per annum. The second describes the advantages of centralising sewage treatment facilities at larger works where the need to invest in the sewerage network is limited. The third deals with the method of evaluation used to derive the development plan for a large works at Sheffield. It assumes that an ‘ideal' solution can be achieved using a ‘greenfield site' concept and compares this with the more pragmatic solution of renovation.

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17

Capodaglio, Andrea G. "INTEGRAL CONTROL REQUIREMENTS FOR SEWERAGE SYSTEMS." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0014.

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Sewerage systems and sewage treatment plants are often planned, designed and operated as totally separate entities. As a result, sewage treatment efficiency is subject to considerable variability, depending both on general hydrologic conditions in the urban watershed (wet versus dry periods), and on specific “instantaneous” operating conditions. It has been postulated that the integration of design and operation in urban drainage and wastewater treatment could allow minimization of the harmful effects of discharges from treatment plants, combined sewer overflows and surface runoff. This “ideal condition” can be achieved through the introduction of so-called “Real-Time Control” technology in sewerage collection and treatment operations. This paper examines the requirements of a hypothetical integrated sewer flow and sewage treatment model, the mathematical tools used to design and operate Real-Time Control systems, and the issues emerging from an integration of the conveyance and disposal aspects of the sewerage cycle.

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Fijen, A. P. M., and M. G. Marsden. "Green Point Sewage Disposal Options." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 9 (May 1, 1992): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0213.

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In the winter of 1989 severe seas destabilised the 1 700 metre long marine outfall at Green Point which had been commissioned in 1985. Divers had to detach a large section of the outfall to prevent further damage occurring. This resulted in virtually untreated sewage effluent being discharged 280 metres from the rocky shoreline. Public outrage and severe criticism from the media resulted in an emotional and environmentally sensitive issue having to be handled with considerable political and professional skill to enable the determination of the most appropriate solution for Green Point. Independent consultants were appointed by the Cape Town City Council to study basically two options to rectify the situation; reinstating the marine outfall or constructing a conventional sewage treatment plant in close proximity to a densely populated coastal area. This paper discusses the marine option in detail and the advantages and disadvantages of both marine and land options as well as the public involvement and the adopted decision making process. After a comprehensive investigation had identified and explored all aspects and after the public had been fully involved and consulted, the Cape Town City council accepted the City Engineer's recommendation with a vote of 33 to 1, in favour of a new marine outfall.

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Paulsrud, Bjarne, and Kjell Terje Nedland. "Strategy for land application of sewage sludge in Norway." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 11 (December 1, 1997): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0422.

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The Norwegian public health and environmental authorities have launched a regulation for sewage sludge handling and disposal aiming at increasing the amount of sludge to be utilised on land areas. The strategy for achieving this is to secure that only high quality sludge is being offered to agriculture and green areas; the two disposal routes acceptable for land application of sludge in Norway. Most sewage treatment plants have experienced a considerable reduction in sludge heavy metals content during the last 15-20 years and the major reason for this is believed to be the continuous control of industrial effluents discharged to the municipal sewerage system and the implementation of cleaner technologies in the industry. Health risks and odour nuisance from the sewage sludge will be almost eliminated by employing treatment processes with the main purpose of disinfection and stabilisation of the sludge.

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Zhang, Wei, and Jun Zhang. "Research on Evaluation Model of Sludge Disposal Method in Sewage Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.501.

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In view of the selection problem of sludge disposal method in the process of sewage treatment, this paper presents main influence factors on sludge disposal method in municipal sewage treatment works and establishes the comprehensive evaluation decision model of sludge disposal method. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze and evaluate sludge disposal method, the relative weights of the influencing factors are determined and the optimal sludge disposal method is obtained. The establishment of this evaluation decision model can provide a scientific basis for the reasonable selection of sludge disposal method.

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Liu, Bao You, and Ya Ru Liu. "Rational Analysis of Sewage Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 1617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.1617.

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Sewage treatment problem is a typical linear programming problem, and can be solved by method of linear programming. In order to reflect the principle of fairness and make full use of self-purification capacity of environment, this paper gives rational analysis of the sewage disposal problems in 2007 Chinese Undergraduate Mathematical Modeling Contest. The mathematical model of linear programming is established, and solved by lingo optimization software. The results show that: by the principle of fairness, investment funds increased; by the principle of self-purification capacity of environment, investment funds decreased. The results can provide guidance for decision makers to choose different scheme.

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Malczewska, Beata, Bartosz Jawecki, and Sławomir Woźniak. "Zalety i wady kompostowania osadów ściekowych w porównaniu z termicznym ich spalaniem – studium przypadku." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 26, no. 1 (April 14, 2017): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2017.26.1.11.

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New challenges for the territorial government in the field of urban sewage sludge oblige to limit it storage. Sewage sludge management is one of the most difficult environmental and economic problems. Therefore, it is important to choose the right technology for the sewage sludge disposal. The purpose of this article is an evaluation of applied disposal methods on sewage treatment sludge plant and comparison of this method (sewage sludge composting) with thermal transformation of sewage sludge. Study confi rms that, in the present case, the composting of sewage sludge is the most advantageous solution.

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Zain, S. M., H. Basri, F. Suja', and O. Jaafar. "Land application technique for the treatment and disposal of sewage sludge." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 9 (November 1, 2002): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0265.

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Some of the major concerns when applying sewage sludge to land include the potential effect on pH and cation exchange capacity; the mobility and the accumulation of heavy metals in sludge treated soil; the potential of applying too much nutrients and the problems associated with odors and insects. The main objective of this study is to identify the effects of sewage sludge application on the physical and chemical properties of sludge treated soil. Sewage sludge was applied to soil at various rates ranging from 0 L/m2 to 341 L/m2. In order to simulate the natural environment, the study was carried out at a pilot treatment site (5.2 m × 6.7 m) in an open area, covered with transparent roofing material to allow natural sunlight to pass through. Simulated rain was applied by means of a sprinkler system. Data obtained from sludge treated soil showed that the pH values decreased when the application rates were increased and the application period prolonged. The effect of sewage sludge on cation exchange capacity was not so clear; the values obtained for every application rate of sewage sludge did not indicate any consistent behaviour. The mobility of heavy metals in soils treated with sludge were described by observing the changes in the concentration of the heavy metals. The study showed that Cd has the highest mobility in sludge treated soil followed by Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni and Pb.

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Werle, Sebastian, and Mariusz Dudziak. "Influence of Wastewater Treatment and The Method of Sludge Disposal on the Gasification Process." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 21, no. 2 (July 8, 2014): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2014-0020.

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Abstract Municipal wastewater treatment results in the production of large quantities of sewage sludge, which requires proper environmentally accepted management before final disposal. Sewage sludge is a by-product of current wastewater treatment technologies. Sewage sludge disposal depends on the sludge treatment methods used in the wastewater treatment plant (anaerobic or aerobic digestion, drying, etc.). Taking into consideration presented given this information, a study concerning the effects of wastewater treatment processes and sewage sludge drying method on the sewage sludge gasification gas parameters was performed. Gasification is a prospective alternative method of sludge thermal treatment. For the purpose of experimental investigations, a laboratory fixed bed gasifier installation was designed and built. Two types of sewage sludge feedstock, SS1 and SS2, were analyzed. Sewage sludge SS1 came from a wastewater treatment plant operating in the mechanical and biological system while sewage sludge SS2 was collected in a mechanical, biological and chemical wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous phosphorus precipitation. The sludge produced at the plants was subject to fermentation and then, after being dehydrated, dried in a cylindrical drier on shelves heated up to 260ºC (sewage sludge SS1) and using hot air at a temperature of 150ºC in a belt drier (sewage SS2). The analysis shows that the sewage sludge properties strongly depend on the wastewater sources and the wastewater treatment processes. The gasification results, presented as a function of the amount of gasification agent, show that the greater oxygen content of SS1 caused a reduction in the reaction temperature. Paradoxically, this effect caused an increase in the quantity of combustible components in the gas. As expected, increasing the air flow rate caused a decrease in the heating value of the gas produced. A higher amount of oxidizer increases the amounts of noncombustible species and the volumetric fraction of nitrogen, thus reducing the heating value of the obtained gas. The higher hydrogen content in SS1 affects the gasification gas composition. As a result, combustible components are the majority of the syngas.

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Chen, Zhi Li, Guan Chun Chen, Kai Sheng Xiong, Wen Biao Wang, Wei Ping Gu, and Wan Tu Zhang. "Study of Device via Combined Filler for Ship Sewage Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 1330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.1330.

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Based on the development of elastic flexible filler, a new device for ship sewage treatment which utilizes the new elastic flexible filler was designed. The Main factors influencing the disposal efficiency of the device were researched and analyzed, using an Simulative ship sewage as raw wastewater. The experimental results reflected that the biofilm grew faster under the condition that the surface area of the elastic flexible filler was larger. The relationships among the microorganism growth period, characteristics of elastic flexible filler, biofilm thickness and characteristics of ship sewage were presented. Other factors which influenced the disposal effect were also discussed. The results showed that the device had excellent performance because of effective elastic flexible filler and integrative design.

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Stoll, U., and K. Parameswaran. "Treatment and disposal of domestic sewage sludge and nightsoil sludge for Bangkok." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 11 (December 1, 1996): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0282.

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In the recent past, treatment and disposal of sewage sludge has become an expensive and environmentally sensitive problem in western countries. It is becoming a growing problem worldwide with its focus on the megacities in the newly developed countries, since sludge production will continue to increase as new sewage treatment plants are built and environmental quality standards become more stringent. With some traditional disposal routes coming under pressure, the challenge facing the wastewater treatment authorities is to find cost-effective and environmentally sound solutions whilst responding to increasing public awareness. This paper describes the development of a plan for integrated management of municipal sludges (sewage sludge, nightsoil/septage sludge) which has high security for medium-and long-term sludge utilization and disposal as the goal. It concludes that incineration and agricultural use should be implemented and operated in parallel as first priority options.

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Bruce, A. M., and R. D. Davis. "Sewage Sludge Disposal: Current and Future Options." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1989): 1113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0312.

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Sewage sludge is an inevitable product of all conventional sewage treatment processes. Disposal of sludge in an economic and environmentally-acceptable manner is becoming generally more difficult. Sludge quantities are rising and disposal options decreasing. Disposal will increasingly require positive and careful management. There are four basic destinations for sludge - agriculture, other types of land, the sea or minor outlets. Treatment methods are available for the production of nine basic types of end-product to suit particular disposal requirements. The new EC Directive will regulate sludge to agriculture and will require that all sludge to farmland is treated unless it is immediately buried under the soil. Sludge to agriculture (grassland or arable) is subject to soil metal limits and to the need to minimise the risk of disease transmission. Sludge to landfill is subject to increasing constraints, particularly on physical stability. Sludge to sea is still practised by the UK but is closely controlled by Government licence and a requirement for monitoring. Minor outlets such as oil production, protein extraction etc are only at the experimental level. A computer program (WISDOM) provides a means of evaluating the short/long-term viability of alternative treatment and disposal options to identify the most economic and environmentally-acceptable strategy on an objective basis.

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Bode, Harro, and Klaus R. Imhoff. "Current and planned disposal of sewage sludge and other waste products from the ruhrverband wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 12 (June 1, 1996): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0339.

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From the year 2005 onwards German waste disposal regulations prevent the disposal of residual wastes from sewage treatment plants in landfills if the waste contains more than 5% volatile solids by dry mass. As a result of this requirement the Ruhrverband, one of Germany's largest sewage treatment plant operators, needs to change its disposal methods to a certain extent. This paper describes the present ways to dispose of sludge as well as of screenings and grit. After that it outlines the concept for future disposal. Besides the legal framework the technical solutions for the different disposal problems are described and their costs are given.

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Sautter, Ed. "Onsite Sewage Treatment and Disposal Conference Proceedings Now Available." Soil Horizons 32, no. 2 (1991): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sh1991.2.0044.

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Pisarenko, P. V., M. S. Samoylik, and O. P. Korchagin. "Phytotoxic assessment of sewage treatment methods in disposal sites." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 341 (November 15, 2019): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/341/1/012002.

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Feng, Leiyu, Jingyang Luo, and Yinguang Chen. "Dilemma of Sewage Sludge Treatment and Disposal in China." Environmental Science & Technology 49, no. 8 (April 6, 2015): 4781–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01455.

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ANDREADAKIS, A. D., and D. G. CHRISTOULAS. "Treatment and Disposal Scheme for the Sewage of Athens." Water and Environment Journal 6, no. 2 (March 1992): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1992.tb00703.x.

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Liu, Zheng Hua, and Hong Ying Chen. "Study on Sewage Disposal by Bio-Film Process Dosing with Enzyme." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.478.

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The paper studied enhanced treatment of sewage from discharging points of rivers by bio-film process dosing with enzyme and investigated the promotion effect of enzyme on treatment of sewage by bio-film process. The removal of phenol in sewage was also researched. The experiments results indicated that during the ebb tide, the remove rate of phenol was stable (33%) on the eighth day in the dosing pools and it was stable (31.6%) on the eighth day in the contrast pool. During the rising tide, the remove rate of phenol was stable (30%) on the eighth day in the dosing pools and it was stable (27.2%) on the eighth day in the contrast pool. It indicated that enzyme had good promotion effect on bio-film process during the sewage treatment process. Biological accelerator-bio-film process could effectively reduce the impact of sewage on river and it had a good application prospect as the auxiliary means for water restore.

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Virde, Harshal, and Devendra Dohare. "A Review: Design of Sewerage Scheme and Evaluation of Proposed Treatment Plant for Saatvik Vihar Phase-Ii, Indore, (M.p.)." Current World Environment 17, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 518–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.17.3.2.

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The water-carried sewerage system has replaced the older, more basic technique of excreta disposal as the cities have grown. The infrastructure of any society's water supply and sewage system is crucial. The purpose of a sewer network is to move home or industrial waste water from a source location to a treatment facility or disposal site. The sewage system consists of a network of sewer lines that, at their nodal points, collect and discharge waste materials into a separate network of sewer lines. Since then, a lot of researchers have made contributions to this topic. As a result, an effort has been undertaken in this paper to gather data from research papers on the design of sewerage network systems. The objective of this paper is to proposed a treatment unit and design of sewerage network for Saatvik Vihar Phase-II, Indore (Madhya Pradesh), with the help of SewerGEMS software also using the process of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) for the cleaning of wastewater of the society.

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Jiang, Deng Ling, and Guo Wei Ni. "Treatment and Disposal of Municipal Sewage Sludge and it’s Resources Utilization as Construction Material." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 2061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.2061.

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During the process of sewage treatment, some by-products are generated and among them, the sludge stands out, because of the largest volume and mass generated, and for containing heavy metals in its composition. Sludge is generally disposed of through land filling and spreading on reclaimed land. It has resulted in seriously contamination. It is necessary to improve the method of the disposal of sludge. Balanced with the environmental and economic benefit, the disposal of sludge, the economy and the environment can be optimized so as to realize the sludge stabilization, sludge reduction and sludge reutilization.

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Väänänen, Pentti, and Eleftherios Gavrielides. "Comparison of Centralized versus Decentralized Wastewater Systems for Coastal Tourist Areas." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0009.

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A reliable, unobtrusive wastewater collection, treatment and disposal system in tourist areas is a must. In most countries where tourism has rapidly grown, public utilities have not managed to provide sewerage and sewage treatment facilities. As a result of this there are a great number of small sewage treatment plants each serving one hotel or a group of hotels in one area. The next step seems to be to join more and more hotels to one bigger treatment plant - mostly operated by a public utility. This paper discusses the pros and cons of a centralized vs. decentralized treatment system taking into account technical and economic aspects.

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Zhuravlev, Petr V., Irina V. Khutoryanina, and Boris I. Marchenko. "The barrier role of sewage treatment plants in relation to sanitary-indicative and pathogenic bacteria, parasitic agents on the example of the southern zone of Russia." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 1070–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-10-1070-1076.

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Introduction. From the sanitary and epidemiologic point of view the economic and household sewage making more than 80% of the volume of all water disposal is of the greatest practical interest. The infectious agents getting to the sewerage do not perish independently. The problem of treatment facilities of the sewerage consists of prevention of possible distribution through water of intestinal and parasitic infections. Aim of the study. To investigate the overall efficiency of sewage treatment facilities in relation to pathogenic and sanitary indicator bacteria and pathogens of parasitic diseases. Materials and methods. The object of the study was microbial and parasitic communities of household waste water from sewage treatment plants in a number of cities in the Rostov region. In work standard microbiological methods of research according to MU 2.1.5.800-99 and the methods of sanitary and parasitological researches of sewage stated in MUK 4.2.2661-10 and also author’s techniques (No. FTs/4022 MR) are used Results. The sewage of the studied cities arriving on sewage treatment plants has high degree of contamination on all bacteriological and parasitological indicators. At the same time intensity of pollution of sewage on these indicators for city drains was in the limits provided by MU 2.1.5.800-99. Dynamics of decontamination process at stages of sewage treatment facilities is shown. During normal operation of treatment systems, waste water is completely freed from salmonella. The species composition of parasitosis pathogens in wastewater that underwent the treatment stages, as well as those arriving, was almost identical in all territories. Conclusion. Researches have shown that at respect for technology of water processing of treatment facilities of the sewerage waste water practically corresponds to normative documents on bacteriological indicators. At the same time, the low performance concerning disinvasion and deworming is shown.

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Hou, Xinshuo. "Can Public–Private Partnership Wastewater Treatment Projects Help Reduce Urban Sewage Disposal? Empirical Evidence from 267 Cities in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 7298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127298.

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Human activities have placed enormous pressure on the world’s water resources. To improve the efficiency of water supply and wastewater treatment, public–private partnerships (PPPs) are widely used for sewage treatment. However, an academic question remains about whether PPP sewage treatment projects (PPPSTs) help reduce urban sewage disposal when responsibilities shift from the public sector to the private sector. This study used panel data of 267 prefecture-level cities in China from 2009 to 2020 to construct a difference-in-difference (DID) model based on the counterfactual framework to answer this question empirically. The model results significantly support the effect of PPPSTs on sewage disposal reduction. Furthermore, these results passed the parallel trend test and the placebo test, and the results were still achieved when the quadratic term of the core variable was introduced, indicating that the model is reliable. In addition, the moderating effect models were used to expand the analysis. That is, the regressions were derived by multiplying the relevant extended variables and the core independent variables. This analysis indicates that the operation mode of PPPST and the characteristics of national demonstration play an essential role in reducing the amount of urban sewage disposal. However, the effect of fiscal decentralization is not apparent. These conclusions were also confirmed in the model using the investment scale of PPPSTs. Therefore, paying attention to the formation of PPPST contracts and adopting a practical supervision system is of great significance for improving the effect of sewage disposal reduction.

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Wiśniewska, Marta, and Mirosław Szyłak-Szydłowski. "The Air and Sewage Pollutants from Biological Waste Treatment." Processes 9, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020250.

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The mechanical-biological waste treatment plants (MBTP), which include the municipal waste biogas plants, have an important role in sustainable urban development. Some plants are equipped with a sewage pre-treatment plant, which is then directed to the sewerage system and the treatment plant. Others, on the other hand, have only a non-drainage tank. The parameters of technological sewage (TS) or processing technology could reduce sewage contamination rates. In addition to the quality of sewage from waste treatment plants, the emission of odours is also an important problem, as evidenced by the results obtained over the sewage pumping station tank. The conducted statistical analysis shows a significant positive correlation between odour concentration (cod) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Analysing the individual compounds, a high positive correlation was also found—the strongest being between H2S, NH3 and VOCs. In the case of sewage compounds, the insignificant correlation between P total and other parameters was found. For the rest of the compounds, the highest positive correlation was found between COD and BOD and N-NO2 and N-NH3 as well as COD and N-NO2. The dilution of sewage is only an ad hoc solution to the problem. Further work should be aimed at reducing sewage pollution rates. The obtained results indicate large pollution of technological sewage and a high level of odour and odorants concentration. The novelty and scientific contribution presented in the paper are related to analyses of various factors on technological sewage parameters and odour and odorant emission from TS tank at biogas plant processing municipal waste, which may be an important source of knowledge on the management of TS, its disposal and minimisation of emitted compound emissions.

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Li, Rui Ni, Xiao Yi Wang, Zai Wen Liu, Ji Ping Xu, and Ling Bin Wang. "Research on Fault Identification of Sewage Treatment Based on PSO Clustering Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.622.

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Various unusual conditions are likely to occur during sewage treatment process, which would lead to some consequences such as the decrease of water quality in the process of sewage treatment and the increase of disposal process, whereby causing a great influence to the practical operation efficiency of sewage treatment factories. Based on the analysis of the fault characteristics during the process of active sludge sewage treatment, a PSO clustering algorithm is presented. By putting this algorithm into the fault classification in sewage treatment, the results demonstrate that this algorithm could be an effective identification towards the unusual conditions during the sewage treatment process, which provides an efficient way for sewage treatment process fault diagnosis.

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Rosiek, Ksymena. "Directions and Challenges in the Management of Municipal Sewage Sludge in Poland in the Context of the Circular Economy." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 3686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093686.

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Landfilling was the main method of sewage sludge disposal in Poland for decades. After Poland’s accession to the European Union (EU), many investments have been made into providing better access to tap water as well as to collect and treat municipal sewage. However, sewage sludge treatment has not been treated as an integral part of the implementation of wastewater management obligations. Stricter European Union regulations regarding the management of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) pose new challenges for Poland. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the direction of the final management of municipal sewage sludge in Poland based on the analysis of strategic documents, regulations, literature, and available statistical data. The aim of the analysis was to search for directions to modify how sewage sludge is managed, given the approach promoted by the circular economy concept. The results prove that investments in wastewater treatment plants according to the EU sewage directive are not applied to the development of infrastructure that would enable the disposal of sewage sludge, which, for many years, has been stored (landfilling) or used directly in agriculture and ground reclamation. The introduction of stricter regulations in the area of sewage sludge usage and better wastewater treatment have increased the level of difficulties concerning sewage sludge management. Poland faces the challenge of defining sewage sludge management directions. The circular economy concept offers an approach that can be the basis for the creation of a new sewage sludge management strategy for Poland. The concept allows the combined goals of sewage sludge disposal and of energy and nutrients recovery to be achieved.

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Vale, Gabrielle Brito do, Humberto Carlos Ruggeri Junior, and Paulo Sérgio Scalize. "Service and precariousness of sanitary sewage in rural communities in the state of Goiás, Brazil." Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental 27, no. 6 (November 2022): 1067–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-415220220160.

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ABSTRACT The rate of attendance to sanitary sewage services is low in rural communities, representing precarious sanitation conditions with dumping in rudimentary cesspools or in the open. Knowledge of the fractions of effluents generated and the places where they are released is important, since inadequate disposal generates public health problems and negatively impacts the environment. In this way, the objective of this work was to identify the amounts of effluent fractions generated and the deficit of sanitary sewage in rural communities in the state of Goiás. The study area included 97 rural communities, from which data were collected regarding the existence of bathrooms, alternatives and disposal sites for domestic sewage fractions, such as feces separated from urine. The results indicated an absence of a bathroom in 6.6% of the analyzed rural households, being in 2.5 and 18.2% in the households of the settlements and quilombolas, respectively, highlighting in the latter the occurrence of disposal in the open or stream in 13.7%. There was a predominant use of rudimentary cesspools to receive sewage and fecal water, while gray water from the kitchen sink and washing tanks are mainly disposed in the backyard, representing the greatest deficit in the communities. Thus, in most of the studied households there is a deficit due to lack of service, due to the release of untreated effluents into ditches/open air, mainly for gray water, and precarious service due to the unsafe disposal of treated effluents or the use of rudimentary cesspools. Few alternative technologies were found for the treatment of effluents, with ecological pit, biodigester and Tapiocanga stone pit being identified. It was concluded that the deficit of sewage in the households of the studied communities is high, due to the release of effluents without treatment and the use of rudimentary cesspools, characterized as lack of service and precarious service, respectively, observed in 84.6% of households.

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Vyalkova, E. I., E. S. Glushchenko, A. V. Shalabodov, A. V. Shalabodov, and E. Yu Osipova. "LOCAL SEWAGE TREATMENT UNIT ENGINEERING." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture, no. 6 (December 29, 2019): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-6-174-185.

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Problems of treatment and disposal of industrial wastewater from dairy enterprises exist in Russia and abroad. Industrial wastewater from dairy cannot be discharged even into the do-mestic sewage system. The local sewage treatment units of such enterprises require in detail studying the wastewater quality and supply modes. This article presents such parameters of the wastewater composition as environmental aggressiveness, organic matter, suspended solids, fats, nitrogen, phosphate, and others. It is shown that changes in the qualitative composition of effluents depend on the dairy production processes. A serious problem when choosing a treatment technology is the significant content of organic substances, fats, ammonium, ni-trates and phosphates in the resulting effluent. In addition, effluents are characterized by large fluctuations in quality when dumped in a sewage treatment unit or reagent solutions generated by the equipment flushing. A production process flowchart is proposed for the dairy water dis-posal with the appropriate water treatment for discharge into sewage treatment units.

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Mason, C. A., A. Häner, and G. Hamer. "Aerobic Thermophilic Waste Sludge Treatment." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0017.

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The expansion in both industrial and municipal wastewater treatment in recent years has resulted in a major increase in the quantities of by-product sludge produced and has exacerbated problems of waste sludge treatment and/or disposal. The traditional method for waste sewage sludge treatment is anaerobic mesophilic digestion for sludges that are to be disposed of on agricultural land. Other disposal methods for untreated sludges include incineration, an option receiving increased interest, and ocean dumping, an option that is environmentally incompatable and used much less frequently today compared with 10 years ago. Sewage sludge can be considered to be a resource as far as its mineral nutrient composition is concerned. However, this resource cannot be exploited in agriculture because sludges are inevitably contaminated with noxious chemicals that partition into the sludge during either primary or secondary wastewater treatment. In the case sewage sludge, pathogenic and potentially pathogenic organisms are also present unless such contaminants are removed during treatment. Traditional mesophilic treatment under anaerobic conditions does not remove either noxious chemicals such as detergent residues or pathogenic organisms to a satisfactory degree. During the past decade, autothermal aerobic thermophilic pretreatment processes have been introduced as a complementary sludge treatment stage. Such aerobic pretreatment processes allow both the biodegradation of chemicals that are recalcitrant to anaerobic treatment and the thermal inactivation of pathogenic organisms. However, their introduction as a total treatment process for sludges is inhibited by their relatively poor conversion efficiencies as far as mineralization is concerned. In this contribution the biodegradation bacteria under aerobic thermophilic conditions will be described and discussed and concepts for biomass yield coefficient reduction that could enhance aerobic thermophilic sludge treatment process effectiveness will be introduced.

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Du, Zhong Bo. "Study on Treatment of Wastewater System Based on ARM." Advanced Materials Research 1006-1007 (August 2014): 732–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1006-1007.732.

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In this paper, ARM processor and real-time embedded operating system will be used in controlling system of sewage disposal, compared with the traditional controlling system of sewage disposal online PLC, not only improved the timeliness, reliability and scalability, but also enhanced the system speed. While, in order to control the low-cost, the Fuzzy-PID compound control algorithm used to control the amount of purifying agent, the algorithm can be adapt to the nonlinear and time-varying and improve accuracy. In this paper, the application of Matlab software to carry on the simulation experiment, proved the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm at last.

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Chmielowski, Krzysztof, Piotr Bugajski, and Grzegorz B. Kaczor. "Comparative analysis of the quality of sewage discharged from selected agglomeration sewerage systems." Journal of Water and Land Development 30, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2016-0019.

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AbstractThe study provides a comparative analysis of the quality of sewage discharged from selected sewerage systems. The analyzed data were collected from 10 agglomeration sewerage systems discharging sewage into collective wastewater treatment plants (WTP). The investigated pollution indicators included BOD5, CODCr, total suspended solids and biogenic indicators such as total nitrogen and total phosphorus. These results were compared with the outcomes reported in commonly available research papers on sewage disposal. Considering the concentration of individual pollution indicators, more detailed categories of sewage pollution were adopted in this work. The sewage was divided into five basic groups: I – highly concentrated, II – concentrated, III – moderately concentrated, IV – diluted, and V – highly diluted. The sewage categories accounted for the following pollution indicators: BOD5, CODCr, total suspended solids, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. Mean BOD5, CODCr and total suspended solids in raw sewage were higher than average values reported in the referenced literature. Contrary to that, concentration of total phosphorus in raw sewage was significantly lower than reported by other authors. The outcomes of this study suggest that the predictions concerning pollution degree of raw sewage made at WTP design stage should not be based exclusively on general values provided in literature reports.

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Godoy Junior, Ederaldo, José Rui Camargo, João Lucio Mariano Da Silva, Ricardo Osmar De Jesus, José Luz Silveira, and José Roberto Bertoncello Danieletto. "Rational Use of Residential Digesters for Sewage Treatment with Carbon Credits." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.286.

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The present work aims at decentralization of sewage treatment and eco-efficient way of enabling the deployment of residential digesters to treat only the water with high organic load without overloading the system, avoiding the drag of sludge and effluent untreated into the urban network of collection. For this purpose we developed a low-cost technology that treats sewage in the house of the citizen, thus avoiding that large stations aerobic treatment of sewage and its result regarding the large demands for energy and area: the generation and disposal of biogas smelly collection networks in urban, high production and disposal costs aerobic sludge, the disposal of sewage in fresh water bodies causing eutrophication of waters and spread of diseases hydro transmitted. The system proposed digester residential removes about 80% of the organic load of sewage without the use of any electromechanical element, and also allows to collect the biogas produced subsequently be used for energy or simply be burned to hygiene and / or crediting of carbon . Basically, the system comprises three anaerobic digesters in upflow sludge bed, arranged in series forming cascade phase separator with solid-liquid gas-shaped coil. Used to treat wastewater with high organic load coming from the toilet and the kitchen sink. Then the waters with low organic load coming from the baths, sinks and laundry, are used to dilute and improve the quality end of the anaerobically treated effluent in a sustainable manner. Social and environmental technology developed aligns with the guidelines of the National Water Agency and the Kyoto Protocol, whose goal is to reduce greenhouse gases.

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Mastrović, M. I., and G. D. Šilović. "Wastewater Disposal in the Rijeka Region." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0080.

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This paper emphasizes the need for detailed analysis of wastewaters and their impact on the environment in physical plans for urban/tourist coastal areas, as a significant contribution to environmentally sound development, especially the development of tourism in these areas. The paper describes an analysis of this kind, prepared as part of the Regional Physical Plan for the Rijeka Region to the Year 2000. (The Rijeka Region is a major part of the Yugoslav Upper Adriatic.) The existing situation regarding sewerage systems, sewage treatment methods and disposal methods of the communes of the Region is presented. The quantities of wastewaters generated by the residential and tourist populations and by industry are given (by sub-regions) as calculated in 1981 and as estimated for the year 2000. A survey was made of the impact of wastewater on receiving rivers and coastal waters, and the quality of the receiving waters is given, in grades as compared with those prescribed by the Yugoslav legal regulations. Based on urban development concepts, and on the estimated wastewater quantities, alternative forecasts are made of the future impact of wastewater on coastal waters. General guidelines are presented for the provision of adequate sewage disposal facilities in order to achieve the optimum situation.

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Boshier, J. A. "Criteria for Assessing Appropriate Technology for Sewage Treatment and Disposal." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0005.

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This Conference is concerned with appropriate technologies for waste management. How a judgement is made as to what is appropriate for each country, region and local community is of importance. A solution for one community will not necessarily be applicable to another. The Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment's Office in New Zealand has a role of evaluating the performance of public authorities in their environmental management responsibilities. The Commissioner has reviewed the performance of a range of public authorities in New Zealand in respect to sewage treatment and disposal. These include the regional council responsible for the majority of sewage infrastructure in the Auckland urban area, a local authority responsible for two adjacent coastal communities and a local authority responsible for an off-shore island. The choice of technology for each situation has been influenced by the concerns of the indigenous peoples, the aspirations of the communities and the choices available for disposal of the treated effluent

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Schrale, G., R. Boardman, and M. J. Blaskett. "Investigating Land Based Disposal of Bolivar Reclaimed Water, South Australia." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0022.

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The Bolivar Sewage Treatment Works (STW) processes the urban and industrial sewage from the northern and eastern suburbs of Adelaide. The treatment capacity is equivalent to the sewage production of 1.1 million people. The disposal of more than 40 000 ML of reclaimed water into the sea has caused a progressive degradation of about 950 ha of seagrass beds which threatens the sustainability of the fisheries and marine ecosystems of Gulf St. Vincent. The current practice will no longer be viable to achieve compliance with the SA Marine Environment Protection Act, 1990. A Inter-Departmental Working Party recommmended that the Bolivar reclaimed water be disposed by irrigation of suitable land on the coastal plains north of Adelaide. They proposed the construction of two pipelines: a 12 km long pipeline to extend the distribution of reclaimed water in the most intense portion of the 3 500 hectares of irrigated horticulture on the Northern Adelaide Plains, and a second, 18 km long pipeline to deliver the remainder to a more northerly site for irrigation of an estimated 4 000 hectares of hardwood plantations. The paper summarizes the findings as they relate to public health, environmental, technical and financial aspects of land based disposal. Land based disposal would completely eliminate the marine degradation and also arrest the over-use of the NAP underground water resources for horticulture. The total net costs over thirty years for land based disposal are about $ 21.8 million. The ‘horticultural' pipeline of the land based disposal scheme is expected to be commercially viable. A shortfall in revenue from the afforestation component is expected and may need to be considered as an environmental cost of ceasing marine disposal.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sewage Disposal And Treatment'

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