Dissertations / Theses: 'Sewage waste'

1

Das, Mohar. "Anaerobic codigestion of food waste with raw sewage sludge." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498950.

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Ko, Chun-wa Johnason. "Sewage treatment in private sector /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17457750.

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3

Mountain, Teresa J. "The microbial leaching and composting of sewage sludge." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242868.

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4

Smallman, David John. "An ecological appraisal of waste stabilization pond performance." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.256265.

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5

Hamzawi, Nancy. "Anaerobic co-digestion of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq21990.pdf.

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6

Hui, Ming-leung, and 許明亮. "Livestock waste and sewage sludge for growing local leafy vegetables." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31214137.

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Hui, Ming-leung. "Livestock waste and sewage sludge for growing local leafy vegetables /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19667395.

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8

Palazolo, Paul Joseph. "Use of genetic algorithms in bounded search for design of biological nitrification/denitrification waste treatment systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32777.

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9

Boe, Randall William. "Pilot-scale study on anaerobic/aerobic treatment of a textile dye wastewater." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10312009-020231/.

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10

Mbulawa, Siyasanga. "Bio-delipidation of pre-treated poultry slaughterhouse wastewater by enzymes from the wastewater isolates." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2743.

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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
Pre-treatment of wastewater such as that from poultry slaughterhouses, which contains fats, oil,and grease (FOG) is necessary prior to the primary biological treatment of the wastewater to meet legislated discharge standards and to prevent environmental pollution. Physico- chemical pre-treatment is often applied to remove FOG in poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) before biological treatment. These pre-treatment methods, in particular physical pre- treatment systems, use synthetic chemicals, known to cause environmental contamination challenges, with FOG being inefficiently removed in certain instances. Biological techniques such as bio-delipidation using enzymatic catalysis for the pre-treatment of FOG-laden PSW could enhance the efficiency of the downstream biological treatment processes. This research focused on further bio-delipidation of PSW pre-treated with a dissolved air flotation system (DAF) for FOG removal using microbial lipases from bacterial strains isolated from the PSW itself. Bacterial strains (n = 2) isolated from the PSW and screened for their potential to produce lipases were found to have a higher bio-delipidation potential when compared to other isolates (n = 18). Both isolates were identified using 16s rRNA as Bacillus sp., i.e. both Bacillus cereus AB1 (BF3) and CC-1 (B3O). These isolates were used to produce lipases, whereby are sponse surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise pH (4-8) and temperature (30-60°C) as critical production conditions. achieving an optimum lipase production was achieved, with activity of 11.25 U/mL at 60°C, a pH of8 for BF3, and 15.50U/mL at 45°C and pH of 8.8 for B3O respectively, after 72 hours of bioreactor operation. The enzymes produced from both isolates were partially purified using a Bio-Rad size exclusion chromatography column (Bio-Gel® P-60) prior to use in subsequent experiments. The presence and activity of lipase were further determined using p-nitrophenyl acetate (p- NPA) as a substrate with the functionality of the semi-purified enzymes being characterized by optimizing the conditions in which the enzymes were required to function. Lipase activity was enhanced by Mg2+ while Fe2+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ were observed to have an inhibitory effect on the enzymes from both strains. Similarly, reduced stability of the lipases in organic solvents, namely toluene, methanol, and isopropanol, was also established. Additionally, detergents, Triclosan (TCS) (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy-phenol) and trichlorocarbonilide (3,4,4- trichlorocarbonilide)(TCC), usually found in PSW as antimicrobial and disinfectant agents to sanitise poultry product processing facilities, were used assess the activity of the enzyme in their presence at a concentration of 30% (v/v) (although these anti- microbial agents are used in minute quantities in cleaning products). The lipases from isolate BF3 maintained an activity of 91.43% and 81.36% in the presence of TCS and TCC, while that of B3O enzyme had 85.32% and 73.91% acitivity, when compared to the reference (control) experiments. The bio-delipidation efficacy was studied under varying pH and temperature conditions using DAF pre-treated PSW, observing a further removal efficiency of fatty acids from the protein- laden PSW at different pH and temperature. Bio-delipidation was found to be largely influenced by pH, as a pH below 7 and above 10 at 40°-45°C, calculated in the bio- delipidation efficiency reduction to below 50%. The temperature range mentioned, i.e 40°- 45°C, had a positive effect on further deffating of the protein-rich DAF pre-treated PSW, as high removal efficiency was observed at this temperature range. This could be due to the characteristic of the enzymes used,or the formation of stable FOG agglomerates and/oremulsion. Overall, a DAF effluent containing residual FOG and proteins was bio-delipidated effectively using enzymes from the PSW isolates, achieving further removal of FOG and proteins by 64.35% to 80.42%, culminating in tCOD reduction and reduced PSW turbidity, further resulting in improved wastewater quality characteristics meeting disposal standards. This study demonstrated that sequential DAF pre-treated PSW bio-delipidation has the potential to enhance the efficiency of downstream biological anaerobic treatment processes for PSW by further reducing residual FOG from a DAF system.

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11

Bishop, Clark Paul. "The economics of anaerobic digestion." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2007/c_bishop_072307.pdf.

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Chu, Kit-han Kristin. "Biotreatment of waste water by Pistia stratiotes L. and its application in agriculture /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18038128.

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13

Stoll, Michael Walter. "Sludge, Politics, Media and America: The Perception of Waste." Toledo, Ohio : University of Toledo, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1271257726.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Toledo, 2010.
Typescript. "Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in Geography." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 76-82.

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14

Taylor, Mike. "The performance of vermicompost filtration : an on-site domestic waste treatment system /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17846.pdf.

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15

Kamalpoor, Abdulsalam Mohamed Saleh. "Composing of municipal sewage sludge and solid waste mixtures in hot climate." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538859.

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Adnan, Abid Muhammad. "Various methods of water marsh utilization for domestic sewage waste water treatment." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20727.

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Different methods are being used for the removal of unwanted material from waste sewage water such as mini sewage treatment plant, infiltration and filter bed. But as compared to all above methods introduction of marsh is more beneficial, as marsh efficiency is much better then above mentioned methods. Marshes also have important role in biodiversity. Domestic waste sewage water contains organic material, viruses, bacteria and pathogens, nitrate and phosphate. These all factor influence the external environment. Removal of nitrate and phosphate is necessary because if they are not removed they may cause rapid increase in the growth of algae. Algae have short life span so they die. Bacteria use a lot of oxygen for the decomposition of algae. So as a result there becomes deoxygenating in the marsh. Most of the animals die because of lack of oxygen in the water source. Marsh method is better as compared to other methods for the removal of organic material and nutrients. Subsurface flow is needed in wetland for getting the best result. Subsurface flow wetland system will make the process better and it will minimize the effect of odor and insects and these both things directly create bad effect on external environment. In the subsurface flow wetland Phragmites australis and similar plants are used. Bacteria grow on the roots of these plants and break down the nutrients. Waste water treatment marshes are best suited for smaller towns, villages and single family homes. They work best under relatively warm conditions, but many are used in temperate climate as well. For the removal of microorganisms, chlorine is to be used, as it is best way for the removal of it. A de-chlorination process is also necessary, otherwise this water will create bad effect on aquatic life.

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Hossain, Mohammed Kamal. "Effect of sewage sludge in Sitka spruce plantations on a reclaimed site." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1992. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU550384.

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Severely nitrogen and phosphorus deficient restored opencast coal mine sites planting with Sitka spruce ( Picea sitchensis , Bong. (Carr.)) were treated with both sewage sludge and inorganic fertilizer. Cake sludge was applied before planting at the rate of 100 and 200 tds/ha and liquid sludge at the rte of 227 m3/ha at the age of 3 in selected plots. The highest treatments (S200L) supplied approximately 2051 kg N/ha and 983 kg P/ha which is sufficient to establish an internal nutrient cycle in such degraded sites. Sewage sludge significantly increased the tree growth and foliage N and P concentrations both over the control and inorganic fertilizer treatments. Foliage N concentrations up to 1.95&'37 increased the maximum height growth above which the height growth declined due to excess N concentrations. Both the mean needle weight and height growth increased in response to the increased foliar P concentrations and the response is still not complete. Whole tree sampling showed that there was significantly more tree biomass in sludge treatments in comparison to the control treatments. Regression equations based on independent variables of stem diameter at 5 cm from the ground were developed to estimate total tree dry biomass. Ground vegetation dry matter, nutrient content and species diversity significantly increased in sludge treatments. Soil pH increased, bulk density decreased and organic C, total N, available P, K and Mg increased following sludge application in comparison to the control treatments. Nitrate leaching losses increased immediately after the liquid sludge applications in highest sludge treatments but with time fell down and remained within the standard limit for potable water. Drain water nutrient leaching losses remained well below the soil leachate except for magnesium. Nitrogen mineralization potential increased with increased application rate indicating increased cycling of N within the ecosystem and hence long-term growth response potential to the applied treatments.

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18

Fradler, Katrin. "Improving bio-electricity production and waste stabilization in Microbial Fuel Cells." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2015. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/improving-bioelectricity-production-and-waste-stabilization-in-microbial-fuel-cells(91c2db18-126b-4610-9bdb-42d7e42ae5e9).html.

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Biological wastewater treatment is typically aerobic and an energy intensive process, mainly due to the required aeration. Alternative sustainable processes are sought, such as Microbial fuel cells (MFC) where electrogenic bacteria can degrade organic matter present in the waste stream while simultaneously generating electricity. MFCs represent an emerging technology which may deliver the capability to reduce the pollution potential of low strength wastewaters (< 1500 mg COD l-1) while generating electricity which could be used to self-power the process. Waste streams high in volatile fatty acids (VFAs) with high conductivity are particularly preferred substrate streams. These may include the effluent from two stage bio-hydrogen and bio-methane systems, which in this study were treated in a four-module tubular MFC (V=1 l) to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and recover further energy from the substrate. It was shown that the power increased with increasing organic loading rate (0.036-0.572 g sCOD l-1 d-1), but COD removal efficiency decreased. The Coulombic Efficiency (CE) was found to decrease significantly at OLR ˃ 0.6 g sCOD l-1 d-1 and the energy recovery was 92.95 J l-1 (OLR=0.572 g sCOD l-1 d-1). Also, wash-down waters from a chilled food producing company were treated in the same tubular MFC, reducing the soluble COD content by 84.8%. The low power (≈ 30 W m-3) and cell potential (≈ 0.5 V) makes it necessary to investigate methods such as external capacitors, DC/DC converters or serial and parallel connection to improve the power quality. In this thesis, the use of the intrinsic capacitance was tested by switched mode, open and closed circuit (OC/CC) operation of a 2-module tubular MFC with high surface area carbon veil anode. The charge accumulated during OC and released when switched to CC was dependent on the external resistor (R = 100-3 kΩ) and duty cycle. Short period OC/CC switching further increased potential due to the pseudo-capacitance of the reactor, but only at the expense of energy efficiency, compared to continuous operation (CC) under constant load. Another approach to enhance the practical implementation of MFCs is integration with other processes such as reverse electrodialysis to increase MFC’s cell potential or e.g. desalination. In this study a MFC was integrated with supported liquid membrane technology (SLM) for the first time, for the removal of metal ions of wastewater. A three chamber reactor, with a common cathode/feed phase containing 400 mg Zn2+ l-1, enabled V the simultaneous treatment of organic- and heavy metal containing wastewaters. The MFC/SLM combination produces a synergistic effect which enhances the power performance of the MFC significantly; 0.233 mW compared to 0.094 mW in the control. It is shown that the 165±7 mV difference between the MFC/SLM system and the MFC control is partially attributable to the lower cathode pH in the integrated system experiment, the consequent lower activation overpotential and higher oxygen reduction potential. The system demonstrates that within 72 h, 93±4% of the zinc ions are removed from the feed phase. A further study, with continuously operated cathode/feed chamber (100 mg Zn2+ l-1), showed that an enhanced effect on increasing cell potential was possible and could also be maintained in continuous operation.

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19

Gee, Ivan L. "Production and application of activated carbons derived from waste materials." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/56249.

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The development of waste management legislation in the 1990's has placed great importance on the sustainability of waste disposal/treatment options. Landfill of wastes is increasingly seen as a last resort and reduction, re-use and recovery of wastes is encouraged. The wastes investigated in this study (caustic tar and sewage sludges) are often disposed of by non-sustainable methods. In addition production of sewage sludge will have doubled by 2005 and disposal options are increasingly limited. Alternative treatment options are required for both these waste types that offer re-use potential. In this study the carbonisation and activation of these wastes has been demonstrated to be an effective means of treatment that also produces adsorbents that can be safely and usefully applied to treatment of aqueous waste streams. Previous studies have examined the production of clay-carbon adsorbents from spent bleaching earth and limited studies have been conducted on producing adsorbents from sewage sludges. However, the majority of these have limited investigations to production of oils from sludge and no previous studies of caustic tar carbonisation have been conducted. Treatment of caustic tar involved neutralisation with HCl and absorption of the organic content of the waste by Fullers or Acid Activated Earth. The clay-waste mix was subsequently carbonised (375°C for 2 hours) and activated using an optimised ZnClj activation procedure (600°C for 1 hour). Activated carbons were produced from sewage sludges using carbonisation (500°C for 2 hours), CO^ activation (700°C for I hour) and ZnCl^ activation (450°C for 2 hours and 600°C for 1 hour). The adsorbents produced had well developed porosity and large surface areas (up to 225mVg for caustic tar derived carbons and up to 995mVg for sewage sludge based carbons) and were adsorptive of a range of organic pollutants common in effluents. ZnC^ activated, un-digested sewage sludges proved to be the most effective adsorbents. COj activated sewage sludges and caustic tar derived carbons had similar adsorption capacities for the organic pollutants studied. Leaching tests demonstrated that metals present in the adsorbents other than the ZnClj activated carbons were not readily leachable and would not prevent re-use of the carbons in the treatment of aqueous effluents.

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20

Anderson, Bruce Campbell. "Improvements in the aerobic digestion of waste activated sludge through chemical control of mixed liquor pH : pilot-scale investigations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30558.

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Pilot-scale ambient and low temperature research into the enhancement of aerobic digestion of waste activated sludge, through control of mixed liquor pH (MLpH), was performed using an extended aeration and a high rate waste sludge. To offset MLpH decreases encountered during nitrification, Ca(OH)₂ and NaHCO₃ were used to control MLpH in the series pH 6, 7 and 8. The performance and behaviour of the digesters, under both controlled and uncontrolled MLpH conditions, were monitored through parameters related to volatile mass reduction, sludge mass metabolism, quality of digested end-product and soluble characteristics of the digester effluent. Volatile mass reduction was significantly affected by MLpH control, under certain conditions. Improvements in reduction performance of >100% over the uncontrolled condition were noted, depending on sludge origin; however, it was concluded that only certain temperature ranges should be targeted for the most effective use of MLpH control, since use of MLpH control in ranges wherein little improvement would be realized was felt to be uneconomical. Analysis of volatile mass reduction rates, based on a series of 1 day batch conditions (necessitated by the reactor flow scheme and the variability of the digestion process), demonstrated that reactor performance oscillated around a mean performance value; MLpH control acted to reduce these oscillations, such that the digesters performed closer to the mean value more of the time. Temperature sensitivity coefficients were quite variable, and a single value did not describe all situations. It was proposed that θ was influenced by digestion system, operating temperature, sludge type and MLpH level. The use of this coefficient for determining the operating ranges most suitable for MLpH control was advanced. The fate of the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus were greatly influenced by MLpH control. The use of Ca(OH)₂ resulted in less release of phosphorus from the solid phase, with subsequently low effluent PO₄-P concentrations in the neutral MLpH range. The drawback of this reaction was found to be the production of inert inorganic sludge solids, thereby illustrating the need for a trade-off between the various benefits and drawbacks of the enhanced digestion process. Nitrification proceeded at all temperatures, and in conditions previously thought to be inhibitory to the chemolithotrophic organisms. Digester effluent quality was improved through MLpH control, but substantial concentrations of NOx-N were observed under some conditions. Based on direct comparisons with previous lab-scale research, it was concluded that the enhancement process had very good potential for implementation at the full-scale level, either for the improvement of existing underdesigned processes, or for the initial design of more efficient aerobic digestion facilities.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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21

Kam, Kwok-hang Dave. "Review on the industrial wastewater management in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945437.

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22

朱潔嫻 and Kit-han Kristin Chu. "Biotreatment of waste water by Pistia stratiotes L. and its application in agriculture." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31214058.

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23

Yang, Jingming. "Characteristics of a novel anaerobic fluidized bed reactor for waste water treatment." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25318.

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24

Diffin, B. "The mechanism of metal detoxification of waste activated sludge by pH depression." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353776.

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25

Metcalfe, Barbara. "The use of consolidated sewage sludges as soil substitutes in colliery spoil reclamation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385279.

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26

Bolaji, Efeoluwa Omotola. "Anaerobic fermentation of organic wastes for chemical production by undefined mixed microbial cultures." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=236961.

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27

Sinclair, Kevin J. "The co-disposal of sewage sludge with domestic refuse and potential importance of landfill nitrogen transformations." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339020.

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28

Fröléen, Gustav. "Industrial production of biogas through co-digestion of waste glycerol and sewage sludge." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190745.

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29

Panikkar, Avanish Kesava. "Use of vermicomposting in domestic onsite sewage and biowaste management." View thesis View thesis, 2004. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20050623.100339/index.html.

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Obbard, Jeffrey Philip. "The effect of heavy metals on microbial processes related to nutrient cycling in sewage sludged-amended soils." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306430.

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31

Dickey, Richard Jason Bayne David Roberge. "Oligotrophication effects following diversion of waste effluent from an embayment of Lake Martin, Alabama." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/DICKEY_RICHARD_7.pdf.

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32

Ko, Chun-wa Johnason, and 高振華. "Sewage treatment in private sector." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253404.

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33

Gillette, Justin D. "Evaluation of current wastewater treatment practices at Company XYZ." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007gillettej.pdf.

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34

Wild, Simon Richard. "The fate and behaviour of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludge amended agricultural soils and their uptake by plants." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318212.

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Clark, Gillian K. "The fate of trace metals at the Garroch head sewage sludge dump site in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328096.

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36

O'Sullivan, Cathryn. "Fundamental studies of bacterial cellulose solublisation [sic] during anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19093.pdf.

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37

Deng, Hong. "Combined anaerobic respiration (CAD) of sewage sludge and other urban solid wastes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8025.

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The UK buries about 100 million tonnes of waste a year, of which 25% is municipal solid waste (refuse). The environmental impacts from gas and leachate releases are known and direct risks to health from landfill are reported. Europe has agreed to a Landfill Directive which has set targets for the stepwise reduction in biodegradable municipal waste going to landfill. The anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste in controlled bioreactors is an area that could play an important role in overall evolution towards sustainability by recovering biogas and organic matter. Separated hydrolysis and subsequent anaerobic codigestion was demonstrated from the literature review to have the best potential for biodegradable municipal waste diverted from landfill. The rate of hydrolysis of solids wastes remains an outstanding problem. In this research, firstly the codigestion of industrial effluent (coffee wastewater), food wastes and garden wastes were investigated for their impact on hydrolysis and digestion. The results show that there were no treatability problems for coffee wastes up to 37.5% of volume feed per day at the HRT of 9 days. The results supported the view that dilute biodegradable streams such as coffee waste may improve digestion by promoting mixing. Fruit and vegetable wastes were highly biodegradable and can have a major improvement in biogas production of the whole codigestion process, whereas garden waste was not as successful as a cosubstrate, probably because of the predominant celluloses and lignocelluloses with a low biodegradability. The literature review also revealed that washing or elutriation can remove organic matter from municipal waste. This is an important hydrolytic process in which a solubilised acidic organic matter is obtained. The codigestion of refuse hydrolysate with sewage sludge was therefore studied. A control digester treating sewage sludge only was compared with an experimental reactor fed mixed refuse hydrolysate with sewage sludge. It was possible to add the solubilised hydrolysate to existing anaerobic digesters designed at a standard sludge solids loading rate without causing overloading. (Continues...).

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Vorkas, Constantinos Andreas. "Bacteriophage tracers in the identification of pathogen removal deficiencies in waste stabilisation ponds." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301101.

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Birchall, Colin. "An examination of the fired properties and characteristics of an incinerated sewage sludge ash/pulverised fuel ash composite tile body." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339244.

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Harris, Ivor E. "The effects of biological waste treatment by acidogenic fermentation on certain pathogens /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18146.pdf.

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Teymouri, Benjamin. "Fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis of waters from municipal waste sources." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5007.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on January 11, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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42

Williams, Yasheemah. "Treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater using an expanded granular sludge bed anaerobic digester coupled with anoxic/aerobic hybrid side stream ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2758.

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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
For more than a decade, poultry product consumption increased in developed and developing countries, with more than 470 new slaughterhouses being constructed in South Africa (SA). Customer demand for poultry products resulted in a rapidly growing poultry industry, with consequential increases in the quantity of organic solid and liquid waste being produced from the poultry slaughterhouses. Annually, the productivity and profitability within the livestock production sector has increased, an evaluation based on the number of slaughtered and sold animals. Potable water is required for these animals, resulting in the generation of high strength wastewaters. Instantaneous disposal of such wastewaters into the environment is concerning as it results in odour and the spreading of diseases in local rivers and freshwater sources. The generated poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) contains a high quantity of biodegradable organic, suspended and colloidal matter in the form of proteins, fats, oil and grease (FOG), protein from meat, blood, skin, and feathers, resulting in high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), which can contribute to environmental deterioration if not treated adequately before discharge. On average, PSW contains a high concentration of BOD, COD, nitrogen, pathogenic and non-pathogenic viruses, bacteria and parasites, including their eggs. These characteristics make PSW highly polluted with a large quantity of bird carcass debris including FOG. Due to the high concentration of organic matter and suspended solids in the wastewater, it is necessary to pre-treat the PSW prior to sequential anaerobic treatment. Most of the contaminants present in the PSW can be reduced by means of numerous treatment steps, i.e. physical, chemical and biological treatment. For this study, biological treatment methods, physical separation methods, and a membrane bioreactor system, were used to treat PSW. The biological treatment methods used were an anaerobic digester (AD) followed by a single stage nitrification/denitrification reactor and then a third stage in which an ultrafiltration (UF) and Microfiltration (MF) membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used. The AD used was an Expanded Granular sludge Bed Reactor (EGSB) as anaerobic digestion is one of the most effective biological wastewater treatment methods used, as it reduces the organic matter to even produce biogas as a renewable energy source. The basis of anaerobic treatment method relies on suitable bacteria cultivated in the absence of dissolved oxygen, facilitating decomposition of organic matter into a renewable source such as biogas. Similarly, biological nitrification/denitrification processes for the removal of total nitrogen (TN) in wastewater has become one of the most commonly used processes within the wastewater treatment sector. Nitrification and denitrification processes can be performed by some microorganisms within the wastewater in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) The PSW used was collected at different times from a local poultry slaughterhouse in the Western Cape (South Africa) and stored in a refrigerator at 4°C until it was fed to the first stage of the treatment which was the EGSB. Before being fed to the EGSB, the PSW was filtered with a sieve to remove feathers and agglomerated FOG to avoid clogging of the tubing. The EGSB was inoculated with 0.747 L anaerobic granular sludge, had a working volume of 2.7 L, an inner diameter of 0.065 m and a height of 0.872 m respectively. Ceramic marbles with an average diameter of 0.0157m were placed at the bottom of the bioreactor as packing for the underdrain and to maintain the granular sludge within the heated section of the bioreactor. The EGSB was fed with three types of PSW: 50% (v/v), 70% (v/v), which was diluted with distilled water. Thereafter once the system stabilised the reactor was fed with undiluted PSW (100%). Each dilution was operated at different Hydraulic Retention Times (HRTs) and Organic Loading Rates (OLRs), with average HRTs used being 62.5, 57.5 and 49.65 h. Furthermore, the average OLRs were 1, 2 and 3 g tCOD/L.day respectively. The performance of the EGSB was determined using tCOD, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and FOG, with overall averaged removal rates for these constituents being 69%, 98% and 92% respectively. The highest tCOD removal of 93 % (optimal efficiency) was obtained at an average HRT of 57.5 h with a corresponding average OLR of 2 g tCOD/L.day.

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43

Altenbach, Beat Werner. "Determination of substituted benzene- and naphtalenesulfonates in waste water and their behaviour in sewage treatment /." Zürich, 1996. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=11437.

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44

Mills, Stephen William. "Sewage treatment in waste stabilisation ponds : physiological studies on the microalgal and faecal coliform populations." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328437.

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45

Wijesinghe, D. W. N. "Optimization of bio-methane production process for combined treatment of sewage & municipal solid waste." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209910.

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Abstract:

Handling solid waste such as municipal solid waste (MSW) has become a booming problem in highly populated urban areas. Even though it has a high potential of biogas generation in anaerobic digestion, it is not that successful as a single substrate. The early researches proved that it can be treated combined with sewage sludge as a co-digestion process. This study was done to find the best performing mixing ratio of MSW and sewage sludge (SS) which gives maximum bio methane output. In this study three mixing ratios for MSW to SS were used as 50:50, 60:40, and 80:20. The retention time was selected as 20 days and the process was continued for 11 days. The highest cumulative methane production was observed at 80:20 (MSW: SS) mixing ratio as 2957.8 ml of methane. The methane and carbon dioxide content in gas was measured by using gas chromatograph. Highest Total Volatile Solids reduction also recorded at 80: 20 (MSW: SS) ratio as 57.32% after 11 days. The best soluble COD reduction, 95.19% and COD reduction, 36.85% also recorded at 80:20 mixing ratio.

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46

Shi, Chen. "Potential Biogas Production from Fish Waste and Sludge." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171807.

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In order to decrease the pollution of the marine environment from dumping fish waste and by-catch, alternative use for co-digestion with sludge in anaerobic condition was studied. The purpose of this project is to optimize the methane potential from adjustment of the proportion among mixed substrates. Ten groups of different proportions among fish waste, by-catch and sludge were conducted with AMPTS II instrument under mesophilic condition (37 ± 0.5 ºC), by means of the principle of BMP test. The ratio of inoculums and mixed substrate was set as 3:2. The optimal MP obtained after an experiment with 13 days digestion was 0.533 Nm3 CH4/kg VS from the composition of sludge, by-catch and fish waste as 33 %, 45 % and 22 %. It was improved by 6 % and 25.6 %, to compare with the previous studies by Almkvist (2012) and Tomczak-Wandzel (personal communication, February 2012) respectively.

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47

Fyfe, Julian. "Performance evaluation of two dairy shed waste management systems in the Southern Highlands of NSW." Faculty of Engineering, 2004. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/387.

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Rapid changes in regulation, catchment water quality, and public perception are the main driving forces towards more sustainable dairy farming in the Southern Highlands, NSW. A study was undertaken to assess the performance of two established waste management systems in terms of on-farm nutrient control/containment. The systems were installed in the mid-1990s as part of a pilot program to develop best management practice (BMP) pollution control techniques; however they are now considered to be below current BMP standards. The first was a treatment system consisting of stabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands designed to provide low-energy treatment before effluent is (legally) discharged into a creek. The second was a direct application to land system that irrigates raw wastewater onto a designated paddock throughout the year under all weather conditions. Seasonal monitoring of the ponds and wetland treatment system indicated effective pollutant removal throughout the year, achieving net pollutant removals of 94%, 87%, 93%, 67% and 25% for TSS, COD, BOD5, TKN and TP, respectively. A theoretical water balance revealed that addition of 4700 L/d of uncontaminated water was causing notable impairment to the removal efficiency of the system. The performance of the system was also inhibited by excessive sludge accumulation in the anaerobic pond stage, and deficient vegetation, algal growth and P saturation of the substrate in the constructed wetlands. Performance data from the ponds and wetlands were fitted to flow-adjusted first order complete-mix and plug flow models, respectively. Application of the Arrhenius temperature dependence equation revealed that removal of TSS, COD and BOD5 in the ponds was positively related to temperature (θ = 1.209, 1.182 and 1.126, respectively), while temperature had the converse effect on TS and COD removal in the wetlands (θ = 0.966 and 0.951, respectively). Disposal of the effluent from the treatment system is allowing the release of 350 kg/yr of nitrogen and 88 kg/yr of phosphorus directly into a natural creek, which is resulting in measurable degradation of water quality downstream of the discharge point. Upstream TKN and TP concentrations averaged 0.82 and 0.06 mg/L, respectively, while downstream of the discharge the mean concentrations for the same parameters were 4.13 and 1.55 mg/L, respectively. Soil from the land application site was intensively sampled to obtain informative data on chemical properties as affected by effluent treatment. To facilitate the assessment an untreated site was sampled to provide comparative data from land that is utilised according to a typical pasture management regime. Surface runoff was also captured from both the effluent-treated (treated) and untreated sites to investigate nutrient export from the waste application site. The general outcome of the soil analyses was to show that wastewater application is positively affecting the available nutrient pool, but on the whole is exhibiting no greater impact on soil properties than other land use factors such as intensive stocking and pasture improvement. Significant increases in soil nutrient concentrations resulting from waste application were associated with more mobile plant-available nutrient species including extractable phosphorus, nitrate and potassium, which are mostly by-products from natural decomposition of the organic fraction of the applied waste. Otherwise, waste application had no bearing on the net nutrient status of the soil in terms of TP, TN, CEC, and organic matter. Runoff monitoring indicated that mean concentrations of all forms of nutrients were significantly higher in surface runoff from the treated site than in runoff from the untreated site. TKN, NH3-N, TP and DRP concentrations averaged 3.36, 0.77, 0.89 and 0.69 mg/L, respectively, from the untreated site, while the same parameters averaged 20.56, 8.60, 7.77 and 6.44 mg/L, respectively, on the treated site. Concentrations were related to rainfall quantity but not intensity indicating that mechanisms of desorption and dissolution governed nutrient export from effluent treated pasture. Thus contamination of surface runoff was indicative of short-term impacts related to direct wash-off of nutrients from applied waste rather than endemic problems associated with over enrichment of the receiving soil. The evaluation identified major shortcomings associated with the two forms of waste management system under review. Significant modifications to both systems are required in order to achieve complete nutrient containment as required to satisfy regulatory standards. Further research is recommended to determine whether adherence to best management practice (BMP) will prevent nutrient losses and to improve strategic distribution of the nutrient content of dairy shed waste.

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48

Tao, Yingxiang. "An assessment of alternative wastewater treatment approaches in Guangzhou /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20868364.

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49

Ijzerman, M. Marian. "Evaluation of shallow-placed low pressure distribution systems in soils marginally suited for on-site waste treatment." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040620/.

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50

Fish, Caroline M. "Enhancement of the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste through nutrient supplementation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310568.

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