To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Sewage waste.
Journal articles on the topic 'Sewage waste'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Sewage waste.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Wiśniewska, Marta, and Mirosław Szyłak-Szydłowski. "The Air and Sewage Pollutants from Biological Waste Treatment." Processes 9, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020250.
Full textAbstract:
The mechanical-biological waste treatment plants (MBTP), which include the municipal waste biogas plants, have an important role in sustainable urban development. Some plants are equipped with a sewage pre-treatment plant, which is then directed to the sewerage system and the treatment plant. Others, on the other hand, have only a non-drainage tank. The parameters of technological sewage (TS) or processing technology could reduce sewage contamination rates. In addition to the quality of sewage from waste treatment plants, the emission of odours is also an important problem, as evidenced by the results obtained over the sewage pumping station tank. The conducted statistical analysis shows a significant positive correlation between odour concentration (cod) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Analysing the individual compounds, a high positive correlation was also found—the strongest being between H2S, NH3 and VOCs. In the case of sewage compounds, the insignificant correlation between P total and other parameters was found. For the rest of the compounds, the highest positive correlation was found between COD and BOD and N-NO2 and N-NH3 as well as COD and N-NO2. The dilution of sewage is only an ad hoc solution to the problem. Further work should be aimed at reducing sewage pollution rates. The obtained results indicate large pollution of technological sewage and a high level of odour and odorants concentration. The novelty and scientific contribution presented in the paper are related to analyses of various factors on technological sewage parameters and odour and odorant emission from TS tank at biogas plant processing municipal waste, which may be an important source of knowledge on the management of TS, its disposal and minimisation of emitted compound emissions.
2
Christoulas, D. G., A. D. Andreadakis, N. Katsiris, and A. Kouzeli-Katsiri. "Industrial Waste Management in the Athens Area." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 9 (May 1, 1994): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0439.
Full textAbstract:
Industrial contributions constitute as much as 20% of the 700 000 m3 .d−1 of sewage discharged to the Saronikos gulf through the sewerage system which serves the Greater Athens area. The main industrial discharges originate from food, textile, pulp and paper, chemical, tanning and metal processing and electrical industries. In the majority of the cases the pretreatment is inadequate and the existing emission standards are violated. This results in increased concentrations of toxic metals in the sewage. The impact of these toxic discharges on the marine environment and the sewage treatment works have been investigated. Increased concentrations in the water column and the sediments have been reported but there are no indications of accumulation of toxic metals in the body of benthic organisms. The impact on the imminent operation of the treatment works for the sewage of Athens, have been investigated with the aid of pilot and bench scale studies. The results did not indicate a serious inhibition of the sensitive digestion and nitrification processes. However due to the high concentrations of the heavy metals, with average values approaching threshold values, it is important that appropriate action is taken to control industrial discharges through a revised and rational regulatory framework.
3
Rutkowska, Gabriela, Marek Chalecki, and Mariusz Żółtowski. "Fly Ash from Thermal Conversion of Sludge as a Cement Substitute in Concrete Manufacturing." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 4182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084182.
Full textAbstract:
Striving for reduction of production costs and constraints on natural resources cause the use of waste materials as substitutes of traditional raw materials to become increasingly important. Dynamic development of sewerage systems and sewage treatment plants observed over the recent years leads to increase of mass of the produced sewage sludge. According to the Waste Law, the municipal sewage sludge can be used if it is properly stabilized, e.g., through thermal processing. This process results in significant quantities of fly ash which must be properly utilized. The paper presents results of investigations of influence of partial replacement of cement by the fly ash from sewage sludge on concrete parameters. It was designed as a C20/25 class concrete mix, based on the Portland cement CEM I 42.5R with various ash content. Physical and chemical properties of the ash as well as frost resistance and the compressive strength of the concrete after 28, 56 and 365 days of curing were investigated. The obtained results of investigations confirm the possibility of application of fly ash wastes as a cement substitute in the concrete manufacturing. If a predefined quantity of cement is replaced by the fly ash, then one can obtain cement composite with good strength parameters.
4
Wang, Wen Lin, Yin Jing Wan, Xiao Yan Tang, and Bin Liang. "Pollutants-Producing and Pollutants-Discharge Coefficients of Nitrogen and Phosphorous in Rural Domestic Sources in Taihu Lake Basin, China." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 1132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1132.
Full textAbstract:
Nine households of high, medium and low income level were selected as representative household of the Taihu Lake basin, China to study the measuring method of pollutant producing coefficient (PPC) and pollutant discharge coefficient (PDC) of rural domestic sewage and organic waste. Results showed that the income level had no significant influences on TN-/TP-PPC of rural domestic sewage but substantially affected the production and TN-/TP-PDC of domestic sewage, as well as the production and TN-/TP-PPC/PDC of organic waste, which corresponded with income such that high-income farmer households produced the most and the middle income produced lesser and the low income households produced the least amount. The utilization and treatment efficiency of toilet wastewater and the comprehensive utilization rate of organic wastes, particularly the rate of livestock were the primary influencing factors of domestic sewage and waste PDC. These factors were substantially affected by agricultural income level and septic tank type.
5
Kępys, Waldemar, Małgorzata Śliwka, and Małgorzata Pawul. "Assessment of Ecotoxicity of Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash (ISSA)." Minerals 11, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080849.
Full textAbstract:
Combustion in fluidised bed boilers is one of the most commonly used methods of treatment of municipal sewage sludge. Fly ash (FA) and air pollution control (APC) residues are the solid by-products generated by flue gas treatment. There are significant differences in the chemical composition of these wastes. FA is composed of mainly SiO2, P2O5, CaO and metals such as Zn, Ti, Cu, Cr, Pb and Ni. APC residues mainly contain SO3 and Na2O. The leachability tests that were carried out indicate that these wastes display very low leachability of heavy metals (for example leachability of Pb was equal 0.0004 mg·dm−3 in both wastes, leachability of Cd was equal 0.0012 mg·dm−3 in FA an 0.00004 mg·dm−3 in APC). On the other hand, very high sulphate concentrations (49,375 mg·dm−3) were found in water extract for the APC residues. In order to determine the toxicity of these wastes for plants, pot experiments with different additions of waste to the soil were carried out (on Lepidium sativum and Sinapis alba). Tests based on seeds germinations (on Lepidium sativum) in water extracts from waste (in different concentrations) were also performed. The results obtained indicate the very high toxicity of APC residues. Complete inhibition of germination and growth of the test plants was found for all concentrations of the tested waste in water extract and for all additions of waste to the soil in pot experiments. Seed germination tests on water extracts from FA did not show any toxicity of this waste. Pot tests with FA showed their toxicity only with a high (30%) addition in soil.
6
Oma, Dohu, Gem Rikam, Dugjum Payum, and Vinod Awargand. "Utilization of Sewage Sludge Waste As Brick Materials: a Review." Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education 15, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 678–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/15/56951.
Full text
7
Wang, J. Y., O. Stabnikova, S. T. L. Tay, V. Ivanov, and J. H. Tay. "Biotechnology of intensive aerobic conversion of sewage sludge and food waste into fertilizer." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 10 (May 1, 2004): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0631.
Full textAbstract:
Biotechnology for intensive aerobic bioconversion of sewage sludge and food waste into fertilizer was developed. The wastes were treated in a closed reactor under controlled aeration, stirring, pH, and temperature at 60¡C, after addition of starter bacterial culture Bacillus thermoamylovorans. The biodegradation of sewage sludge was studied by decrease of volatile solids (VS), content of organic carbon and autofluorescence of coenzyme F420. The degradation of anaerobic biomass was faster than biodegradation of total organic matter. The best fertilizer was obtained when sewage sludge was thermally pre-treated, mixed with food waste, chalk, and artificial bulking agent. The content of volatile solid and the content of organic carbon decreased at 24.8% and 13.5% of total solids, respectively, during ten days of bioconversion. The fertilizer was a powder with moisture content of 5%. It was stable, and not toxic for the germination of plant seeds. Addition of 1.0 to 1.5% of this fertilizer to the subsoil increased the growth of different plants tested by 113 to 164%. The biotechnology can be applied in larger scale for the recycling of sewage sludge and food wastes in Singapore.
8
van Luin, A. B., and W. van Starkenburg. "Hazardous Substances in Waste Water." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 6-7 (June 1, 1985): 843–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0184.
Full textAbstract:
The Governmental Institute for Sewage and Waste Water Treatment has studied the presence of a number of hazardous substances, selected by the EEC-Commission, in sewage and industrial waste water. The influent, effluent and sludge of six municipal waste water treatment plants and the waste water of 59 industries were sampled and analysed. Volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in sewage originate mainly from industrial discharges. Chlorophenols, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) appear to be present at a low and constant background in municipal sewage and in many industrial waste waters. The removal in the municipal treatment plants amounts to:-volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons 50–90%-hexachlorobenzene 95%-hexachlorocyclohexanes 40–65%-chlorophenols 20–40%-PCB about 90%-PAH 85–95% This study has given a survey of emissions of these hazardous substances. The total emission of the examined substances in the Netherlands has remained out of the scope of this investigation.
9
Rockefeller, Abby A. "Sewers, Sewage Treatment, Sludge: Damage without End." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 12, no. 4 (February 2003): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/qlxd-wq8a-hevr-7k1b.
Full textAbstract:
It is in the nature of sewering and sewage treatment to compound environmental problems in the processof moving sewage and in attempting to remove from sewage the pollutants it carries. Spreading sewage sludge on land is but the latest in the compounding of environmental damage from sewerage. This practice must be banned and there must be a federal reorientation of all technology dealing with human excreta and the waste materials from industry and society that now are carried away by sewers. The reorientation must center on biologically based on-site pollution prevention and resource recycling technologies mandated through a revised Clean Water Act.
10
Kitada, K., A. Ito, K. Yamada, J. Aizawa, and T. Umita. "Biological leaching of heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge using indigenous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and sulfur waste in a closed system." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0073.
Full textAbstract:
The utilization of indigenous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and sulfur waste was investigated in order to remove heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge economically. Indigenous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria existing in anaerobically digested sewage sludge were activated by adding elemental sulfur to the sludge and then the bacteria were isolated. It was found that indigenous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria could utilize sulfur waste generated by desulfurization of digestion gas as a substrate. Then, biological leaching of heavy metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge was carried out using indigenous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and sulfur waste. By adding sulfur waste to sewage sludge, sulfuric acid was produced by the bacteria and the sludge pH decreased. Heavy metals in sewage sludge were effectively removed owing to the decrease of pH. The optimum amount of sulfur waste added to decrease the pH sufficiently was 5g/L when the sludge concentration was 2%. It was presented that the biological leaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge can be carried out in a closed system, where all required materials are obtained in a sewage treatment plant.
11
Bridle, T. R., P. L. Côté, T. W. Constable, and J. L. Fraser. "Evaluation of Heavy Metal Leachability from Solid Wastes." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 5-6 (May 1, 1987): 1029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0280.
Full textAbstract:
Future management options for residual inorganic solid wastes are likely to include land disposal. While the environmental ramifications of this option are now better understood, additional data is required to permit a thorough assessment of contaminant leachability from solid wastes. As part of this data gathering exercise, Environment Canada's Wastewater Technology Centre has been actively researching and developing test methods designed to measure intrinsic waste properties that affect contaminant leachability, such as metal solubilities and speciation. Based on this approach the leachability of heavy metals from sewage sludge, char and ash, municipal solid waste ashes, hazardous waste incinerator fly ashes, power plant ashes and a solidified synthetic waste were assessed. The results indicate that incineration of sewage sludge produces a benign ash with most of the metals speciated as insoluble oxides or silicates. By contrast, incineration of municipal solid waste or hazardous wastes produces fly ashes exhibiting significant metal leachability. Environmentally sensitive metals such as Cd, Zn, Ni and Cu in these fly ashes were readily leachable and probably speciated as water soluble chloride salts. The intrinsic properties approach appears to be an effective method of assessing waste leachability.
12
Praimee, Uraiwan, and Wannasakphijit Boonserm. "The Effects of Learning Activities on Waste and Sewage Management Using Question and Problems-Based Learning for Undergraduate Students of Mahasarakham University, Thailand." Journal of Educational Issues 7, no. 1 (March 14, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jei.v7i1.18267.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, the purposes of this research were to study and compare knowledge about waste and sewage management, environmental ethics and environmental volunteers using question and problems-based learning, before and after class of undergraduate students, to compare knowledge about waste and sewage management, environmental ethics and the environmental volunteers of undergraduate students with different gender and Grade Point Average (GPA). The sample used in the research were 111 undergraduate students being selected by purposive sampling who were enrolled in the course control waste and sewage in the 1st semester of the academic year 2019. The research tools were a learning activity plans on solid waste and sewage management using question and problems-based learning, knowledge test on waste and sewage management, environmental ethics test and environmental volunteers test. The statistics used in the research were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, including hypothesis testing using t-test, F-test (One-Way MANOVA, One-Way MANCOVA) and Univariate Test. The results showed that: (1) The undergraduate students had an average score of knowledge about waste and sewage management, environmental ethics and environmental volunteers in the posttest was higher than the pretest statistical significance (p < .05); (2) There was no different of knowledge score of waste and sewage management, environmental ethics and environmental volunteers of undergraduate students with different gender (p > .05); (3) There was statistical significant different of knowledge score of waste and sewage management, environmental ethics and environmental volunteers of undergraduate students with different Grade Point Average (GPA) (p < .05).
13
Bohra, Dau Lal, Vikas Modasiya, and Chandan Kumar Bahura. "Distribution of coliform bacteria in waste water." Microbiology Research 3, no. 1 (February 24, 2012): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mr.2012.e2.
Full textAbstract:
Biological activity of water can be apparently judged by the colonization of bacteria (microbes). In order to find out the extent of pollution and the relationship between inorganic matters and microbiota, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of bacteria in various types of sewage waters, namely sewage water by the residential colonies (group I), industrial waste water (group II), sewage treatment hub (group III), unorganized collected waste water (group IV) and old residential waste collection center (group V), of Bikaner city (Rajasthan, India) was carried out from February, 2010 to May, 2010. Water samples were taken from surface only owing to low depth and investigated for various abiotic factors (viz. transparency, pH, carbonate, bicarbonate, total alkalinity, total hardness, salinity, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sulphate, nitrate, silica, and inorganic phosphorous) and biotic factors (viz. number and diversity of bacteria). The domestic sewage water causes major water borne diseases basing upon Total Bacterial Count (TBC) and coliform Count (CC). The coliform count in the present study ranged from 2.5 to 5.12 MPN/mL. Comparision of microbial population in sewage water from all different Groups was done and the higher values of TBC and CC were recorded only in Sewage treatement hub (Group III).
14
Li, Jamie Ka Yan. "Thermophilic co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge." HKIE Transactions 27, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33430/v27n3thie-2019-0019.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the rising concerns regarding food waste disposal as well as the increasing demand for renewable energy nowadays, a number of European countries have adopted anaerobic co-digestion, a technology that deals with food waste and sewage sludge. As stated in the HKSAR Government’s Policy Address 2016, the feasibility of using existing sewage treatment facilities for co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge has been under exploration. A trial scheme has been commenced in 2019. This paper aims to compare the efficiency of biogas production and volatile solid reduction in co-digestion of food waste and sewage with mono-digestion in laboratory scale.
15
Stachowicz, Feliks, Beata Pawłowska, and Marta Wójcik. "HYDROMETALLURGICAL METHOD OF SELECTED MET-ALS RECOVERY FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE ASHES." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 23, no. 4 (December 4, 2017): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/ams.v23i4.991.
Full textAbstract:
<p class="Metallographymaintext"><em>With the increasing number of new residents attached to the sewerage system, the amount of generated sewage sludge is systematically growing. In line with the restriction placed on landfill waste with a calorific value above 6 MJ/kg introduced on 1 January 2016, the most popular sewage sludge utilization methods are thermal processes and agricultural use. In recent years, there has been increased interest in using thermal sewage sludge utilization methods. The major problem associated with sludge combustion is the enormous amount of by-products, particularly ashes. </em><em>Due to the specific characteristics, it is necessary to develop new sewage sludge ashes utilization methods in line with economic, law and environmental requirements. </em><em>Sewage sludge ashes are rich in valuable metals, particularly in zinc, copper and iron. As utilization methods of sewage sludge ashes do not guarantee the metals recovery until now, metals are lost irretrievably. This article presents hydrometallurgical methods of metals recovery from sewage sludge ashes with the use of acid leaching. The aforementioned propositions are beneficial from the economical and environmental point of view because they prevent valuable metals from waste. Additionally, the whole undertaking could contribute to the popularization of sustainable development.</em></p>
16
Khewale, Vinay. "Sewage Water Treatment Plant for Hingna." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (July 15, 2021): 796–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36495.
Full textAbstract:
A sewage water treatment plant is necessary to receive and treat waste water (Domestic, Commercial, and Industrial). Its objective is to be convert harmful waste water to safe water environmentally and treated effluent and treated sludge suitable for reuse and disposal such as farm fertilizer. The characteristics of waste water have been performed followed by design of sewage treatment plant. The present study includes design of sewage treatment plant and analysis of waste water – PH value, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Solids (TS), Hardness, Chloride, Acidity, Oil, Fats and grease etc. The sample collection of waste water has been done in many times in a day to obtain an average value of major parameter. Followed by values of this parameter, calculations are done for designing the units of sewage treatment plant and layout is prepared for the same
17
Finger, Stepanovic, and Llano. "Modelling and Multi-Criteria Analysis of Anaerobic Digestion Process to Get Upgraded Methane from Bio-Residues in the City of Reykjavik." Proceedings 30, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030046.
Full textAbstract:
Anaerobic digestion of urban organic wastes, farming slurries or sewage sludge is a common practice in waste treatment plants. In the city of Reykjavik, the organic waste fraction constituted by 60% of biomass and 40% of food waste will be transformed by the local waste company SORPA providing biofuel for up to 10% of the cars. Such measures belong to the 2018-2030 Climate Action Plan from the Icelandic Government.
18
Al-Gheethi, Adel, Efaq Noman, Bala Jeremiah David, Radin Mohamed, Abd Halid Abdullah, Sasitharan Nagapan, and Amir Hashim Mohd. "A review of potential factors contributing to epidemic cholera in Yemen." Journal of Water and Health 16, no. 5 (July 6, 2018): 667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2018.113.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The menace of cholera epidemic occurrence in Yemen was reported in early 2017. Recent reports revealed that an estimated 500,000 people are infected with cholera whereas 2,000 deaths have been reported in Yemen. Cholera is transmitted through contaminated water and food. Yemen is the least developed country among the Middle East countries in terms of wastewater and solid waste management. The population of Yemen is about 24.5 million and generates about 70–100 million m3 of sewage. An estimated 7% of the population has sewerage systems. It has been revealed that 31.2 million m3 of untreated sewage is used for irrigation purposes especially for vegetables and Khat trees. In addition, more than 70% of the population in Yemen has no potable water. They depend on water wells as a water source which are located close to sewage disposal sites. The present review focuses on the current status of water, wastewater as well as solid waste management in Yemen and their roles in the outbreak of cholera. Future prospects for waste management have been proposed.
19
Rusakov, N. V., L. A. Alikbayeva, O. N. Mokrousova, and G. I. Chernova. "ECOLOGICAL-HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTION WASTE FOR THE USE IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-4-309-313.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study is to make a comprehensive ecological and hygienic assessment of production waste - ferromanganese nodules of the Baltic sea and ash from sewage sludge for compliance with the use as road material. Material and methods. The study was executed in accordance with the applicable guidelines. Results. Waste production of Manganese - Ferruginous Sands, and ash from the incineration of sewage sludge in the city of St. Petersburg represent complex multicomponent mixtures of substances with different percentage content of metals (manganese, iron, silicon, phosphorus, aluminum, cadmium) and their compounds which seem to be low-hazard wastes (IV class of danger) to the natural environment.
20
Wierzbowska, Jadwiga, Stanisław Sienkiewicz, and Dariusz Załuski. "Nitrogen Fractions in Soil Fertilized with Waste Organic Materials." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (July 25, 2021): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081474.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of sewage sludge and composts produced from sewage sludge and municipal waste on the content of various forms of nitrogen in soil. The field experiment was carried out in 2004–2015. It included three crop rotations of the following plants: potato, spring barley, winter oilseed rape and winter wheat. The experiment consisted of the following treatments: control (without fertilization), NPK, manure (FYM), compost from municipal sewage sludge and straw (CSSS), composted sewage sludge (CSS), dried and granulated sewage sludge (DGSS), “Dano” compost produced from unsorted municipal waste (CUMW) and compost from municipal green waste (CMGW). Manure, composts and sewage sludge were applied once (10 t ha−1 of d.m.) or twice (5 t ha−1 of d.m.) in a crop rotation. It was significantly shown that the highest N-total content was in the soil fertilized with CUMW (compost produced from unsorted municipal waste). The soil fertilized with manure (FYM) contained the highest quantity of N-min. The prevalent pool of nitrogen (82.65–86.52%) consisted of N compounds not undergoing acid hydrolysis, and their smallest share was determined in the soil fertilized with NPK alone.
21
Arocena, J. M., J. M. van Mourik, and A. Faz Cano. "Granular soil structure indicates reclamation of degraded to productive soils: A case study in southeast Spain." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 92, no. 1 (January 2012): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2011-017.
Full textAbstract:
Arocena, J. M., van Mourik, J. M. and Faz Cano, A. 2012. Granular soil structure indicates reclamation of degraded to productive soils: A case study in southeast Spain. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 243–251. Accelerated conversion of degraded landscapes in mining areas to productive ecosystems requires stimulation of soil formation. The evolution in microstructure and changes to chemical properties in metal mine wastes 5 yr after amendments with pig manure, sewage sludge and marble waste is reported. Mine wastes had <1% organic carbon, <0.05% total nitrogen, pH∼2.0, electrical conductivity up to 20 dS m−1and high concentrations of metals such as 22000 mg zinc kg−1and 7000 mg lead kg−1. After 5 yr, one time amendment increased total carbon (g kg−1) from 1.4 (control) to 5.6 (marble waste +sewage sludge) to 8.3 (marble waste+pig manure). Soil pH in amended plots was 6.0 compared with 2.8 in controls. Micromorphological characteristics clearly showed that primary and secondary calcite serve as active sorption sites for organic matter. These calcitic zones were areas conducive to root growth. Soil microstructure in amended mine wastes was dominantly granular, resulting from activities of soil organisms such as fungi and enchytraeds. Results suggest organic matter can be effectively enriched in mine waste deposits through simultaneous additions of pig manure, sewage sludge and calcite. Soil amendments promoting formation of granular structure can accelerate establishment of productive landscapes in degraded mine sites.
22
Heuer, J. J. M. B., and H. J. Kaskens. "Prevention of Concrete Corrosion and Odour Annoyance with Biofiltration." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1993): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0500.
Full textAbstract:
In many Dutch sewerage systems the sewage is pumped from small villages through pipelines to larger cities. These pressurized pipelines often end up in the pump sump of another pumping-station or in another sewerage system which transports the sewage under atmospheric conditions to the waste water treatment installation. When the waste water in these pipelines stays stationary for a longer period often sulphurous compounds are formed. At the downstream end of the pipeline, where the sewerage system meets atmospheric, aerobic circumstances, the hydrogen sulphide can be converted into sulphuric acid by micro-organisms. The above described process(es) can lead to the following problems:corrosion of concrete caused by sulphuric acid;odour annoyance caused by hydrogen sulphide and other sulphurous compounds. A good solution against concrete corrosion developed by HASKONING consists of stripping the sulphurous compounds out of the sewage and eliminating them. The most economic way to eliminate H2S is the use of a biological filter. Measurements carried out at a pump sump show that this type of filter is highly effective in eliminating H2S. Nevertheless, the installed biofilter did not completely avoid odour annoyance. Therefore the outcoming air after the biofilter was led back into the sewerage system. No complaints occurred anymore.
23
Wójcik, Marta, Feliks Stachowicz, and Adam Masłoń. "Ecological and Economic Aspects of the Application of Sewage Sludge in Energetic Plant Plantations - A Swot Analysis." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 27, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ceer-2017-0058.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Sewage sludge management in Poland is a relatively new field of waste management called “in statu nascendi”, the standards of which have not been recognized yet. It also requires the implementation of new solutions in the field of sewage sludge. So far, the most popular method of sewage sludge utilization has been landfill disposal. In line with the restriction placed on landfill waste with a calorific value above 6 MJ/kg introduced on 1 January 2016, agricultural use and thermal methods are particularly applied. Municipal sewage sludge may be successfully used in the cultivation of energetic plant plantations. The aforementioned waste could be treated as an alternative to traditional mineral fertilizers, which in turn might successfully provide valuable nutrients for plants. This paper illustrates the SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) associated with the use of sewage sludge from Świlcza-Kamyszyn WTTP (Podkarpackie Province, Poland) for agricultural purposes. This analysis could be useful in evaluating the utility of sewage sludge in perennial plant plantations in order to determine the appropriate waste management strategies.
24
Vargas, J. V. C. "EDITORIAL." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 02. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v12i1.62009.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of sewage and urban solid waste treatment has been increasing exponentially together with population and consumerism growth. There are many environmental questions about sewage and urban solid waste (including hospital waste), mainly when it is considered the fact that not the entire population has access to an adequate treatment system. Even with the current growing stage of development, part of the population does not have basic sanitation and, therefore has their waste disposed inadequately many times in rivers or creeks, and in garbage dumps and landfills. Human wastes are rich in organic material and do not comply with environmental laws standards for disposal in reception venues. In garbage dumps, the leachate that is produced by the urban solid waste degradation contaminates the soil, reaching the groundwater causing several diseases. Besides sewage, there are still other problems resulting from animal protein production, in which the animal confinement produces large amount of residuals with high organic load, causing serious problems when disposed directly in the environment. The thermal engineering community could contribute enormously to the search of solutions through the development of innovative engineering projects for the sewage and urban solid waste treatment, integrated with energy generation systems, contributing to green house gases emission reduction and the valorization of generated subproducts. Integrated complex systems could be conceived from existing technologies currently at an advanced development stage such as: biodigesters, microalgae cultivation photobioreactors, biofuels extraction and production, animal feed and human food supplies production, and electric energy generation. The developed technology, if conceived in modular fashion, would allow for the development of products that could supply a wide spectrum of market activities, either combined or separately, according to the demand.
25
Moestedt, Jan, Maria Westerholm, Simon Isaksson, and Anna Schnürer. "Inoculum Source Determines Acetate and Lactate Production during Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge and Food Waste." Bioengineering 7, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering7010003.
Full textAbstract:
Acetate production from food waste or sewage sludge was evaluated in four semi-continuous anaerobic digestion processes. To examine the importance of inoculum and substrate for acid production, two different inoculum sources (a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and a co-digestion plant treating food and industry waste) and two common substrates (sewage sludge and food waste) were used in process operations. The processes were evaluated with regard to the efficiency of hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis and the microbial community structure was determined. Feeding sewage sludge led to mixed acid fermentation and low total acid yield, whereas feeding food waste resulted in the production of high acetate and lactate yields. Inoculum from WWTP with sewage sludge substrate resulted in maintained methane production, despite a low hydraulic retention time. For food waste, the process using inoculum from WWTP produced high levels of lactate (30 g/L) and acetate (10 g/L), while the process initiated with inoculum from the co-digestion plant had higher acetate (25 g/L) and lower lactate (15 g/L) levels. The microbial communities developed during acid production consisted of the major genera Lactobacillus (92–100%) with food waste substrate, and Roseburia (44–45%) and Fastidiosipila (16–36%) with sewage sludge substrate. Use of the outgoing material (hydrolysates) in a biogas production system resulted in a non-significant increase in bio-methane production (+5–20%) compared with direct biogas production from food waste and sewage sludge.
26
R. S. Suglo, J. Kenneth,. "Sewage Treatment by Waste Stabilization Pond Systems." Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management 3, no. 1 (February 24, 2018): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26796/jenrm.v3i1.52.
Full textAbstract:
Sewage generated in Ghana is commonly discharged into the environment without any form of treatment to reduce the degree ofcontamination and mitigate potential public health and environmental issues. Although some attempts have been made in someparts of Ghana to utilize the waste stabilization pond (WSP) system to treat domestic sewage, the ponds often fail to achievetheir purpose due to lack of basic maintenance and supervision. To assess the utility of the WSP system for treating sewage,wastewater samples were collected from the raw sewage, anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds of WSPs at Obuasi inGhana, and analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological contaminants. The results show that the final pond effluent meetsrecommended microbiological and chemical quality guidelines. The waste stabilization pond system demonstrates high removalefficiencies of wastewater contaminants. The biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, nitrate and faecal coliformsreduction efficiencies of 97.3%, 97.6%, 83.3% and 99.94% respectively are highly significant, and compare well with reportedremoval efficiencies in the literature. Additionally, the ponds have high reduction efficiencies for heavy metals and pathogenicmicroorganisms. The wastewater treatment system complies with standard wastewater management practices, and provides auseful method for treating and disposing wastewater in Ghana.
27
Bode, Harro, and Klaus R. Imhoff. "Current and planned disposal of sewage sludge and other waste products from the ruhrverband wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 12 (June 1, 1996): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0339.
Full textAbstract:
From the year 2005 onwards German waste disposal regulations prevent the disposal of residual wastes from sewage treatment plants in landfills if the waste contains more than 5% volatile solids by dry mass. As a result of this requirement the Ruhrverband, one of Germany's largest sewage treatment plant operators, needs to change its disposal methods to a certain extent. This paper describes the present ways to dispose of sludge as well as of screenings and grit. After that it outlines the concept for future disposal. Besides the legal framework the technical solutions for the different disposal problems are described and their costs are given.
28
Haberl, R., K. Atanasoff, and R. Braun. "Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment of Organic High-Strength Industrial Waste Water." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 10-12 (May 1, 1991): 1909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0647.
Full textAbstract:
Within this research project a number of high strength organic waste waters was treated in anaerobic-aerobic working bench scale units and in small scale pilot plants. By this study problems with the anaerobic-aerobic technology should be solved, dimensioning parameters should be worked out, and the economy should be focused. For most of the sewages the anaerobic-aerobic treatment turned out to be possible although sometimes technical problems could be observed. Such problems occurred in the final aerobic stage in connection with wastes with a high content of N. They could be solved by a predenitrification stage. Fibreboard sewage was taken as an example for wastes containing persistent substances; different anaerobic processes were tested, it turned out that a twostage anaerobic treatment is necessary to stabilize the process. The economic calculations proved the anaerobic-aerobic treatment to be preferable if some conditions are considered.
29
Yang, Yan Mei, and Shi Qiang Wei. "A Recycling Review of Construction Waste in China's Road Construction Industry." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1945.
Full textAbstract:
Many kinds of construction wastes are now produced in China. Recycling disposal of construction wastes not only alleviate pressure on the environment but also identify certain economic and social benefits. This paper undertakes a timely review of recycling disposal of construction waste in China's Road Construction Industry. The paper presented definitions of construction wastes and described the current situation of construction wastes in China. Considering the research findings which have been achieved in the field of waste disposal, this paper discussed the approaches to recycle construction wastes in China including abandoned concrete, waste asphalt, old brick, waste timber, sewage sludge. The conclusion makes recommendations that are deemed to offer substantial benefits for both the road construction industry and society as a whole.
30
Kubonova, Lenka, Iva Janakova, Petra Malikova, Silvie Drabinova, Milan Dej, Roman Smelik, Pavel Skalny, and Silvie Heviankova. "Evaluation of Waste Blends with Sewage Sludge as a Potential Material Input for Pyrolysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041610.
Full textAbstract:
In line with the requirements of the circular economy, the European Union’s waste management legislative changes also concern the treatment of sewage sludge. Although sewage sludge production cannot be prevented, its quantities may be reduced by the synergetic effect of energy recovery via choosing a proper technology. Sewage sludge is difficult to apply as fuel alone, because of its high moisture and ash content. However, its energy use will be increased by adding suitable waste materials (different types of plastics, waste tires and paper rejects). Most recently, the thermal utilization of sewage sludge via incineration or pyrolysis has grown in importance. This article describes the fuel parameters of particular waste materials and of their blends with sewage sludge in connection with laboratory-scale thermal decomposition in an inert atmosphere, for their potential use in a semi-pilot plant pyrolysis unit. For pyrolytic application, the results of thermogravimetric analysis are needed in order to know the maximal temperature of thermal decomposition in an inert atmosphere, maximal mass losses, and weight loss rates. The samples of different thermoplastics mixed with sewage sludge, and low-density polyethylene blends with sewage sludge, had the lowest residual masses (70–74%) and the highest weight loss rates (11–19%/min). On the other hand, the blend of polyester rejects from tire processing, paper rejects and sewage sludge had the second highest residual mass (60%) and the lowest weight loss rate (3%/min).
31
Kukenienė, Žydrūnė, and Vaidotas Vaišis. "POSSIBILITIES OF USING STONE WOOL WASTE IN COMPOSTING." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 5 (October 31, 2010): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.089.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of research is to check the possibility of composting stone wool waste using sewage sludge. The problem is huge amounts of dumped waste (sewage sludge, production waste in the stone wool) without any treatment. There is no practice to compost production waste in the stone wool in Lithuania. Stone wool waste can be one of bulk materials in the process of sewage sludge composting and can improve the quality of the prepared compost. Production waste in the stone wool contains phenol and formaldehyde that are very hazardous pollutants, and therefore it is important to follow its concentration during the composting process. The paper analyses the degradation of formaldehyde concentration. Adding stone wool waste made no degradation in the composting process. The most remarkable reduction in formaldehyde concentration is observed during the first half of the composting period. The average composting duration is two months which is a sufficient period for formaldehyde degradation.
32
Bidlingmaier, D. I. W. "QUALITY-TESTING OF WASTE SEWAGE-SLUDGE COMPOSTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 172 (June 1985): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1985.172.10.
Full text
33
Balin, Radjaram, and Saravanane Raman. "Biohydrogen from sugar industry waste and sewage." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy 164, no. 2 (May 2011): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ener.10.00003.
Full text
34
Chun, Young Nam, and Hee Gaen Song. "Microwave-enhanced gasification of sewage sludge waste." Environmental Engineering Research 24, no. 4 (December 7, 2018): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2018.324.
Full text
35
Bajsa, O., J. Nair, K. Mathew, and G. E. Ho. "Vermiculture as a tool for domestic wastewater management." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2004): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0821.
Full textAbstract:
Organic waste management is a growing issue due to the unsustainable practices of its disposal. Sewage treatment plants are designed to treat wastewater to produce a safe effluent. However, one of the by-products, the sewage sludge which is disposed off in landfill or used as fertilizer in agricultural operation is high in pathogens. Sustainability can be achieved by Vermicomposting of organic matter which involves accelerated cycling of nutrients though a closed cycle whereby waste products are put to productive end use. Vermicomposting and vermifiltration are natural waste management processes relying on the use of worms to convert organic wastes to stable soil enriching compounds. Domestic wastewater management can be accommodated through these processes in a sustainable manner. A considerable reduction in pathogens has been noticed in the end product to a level that it can be safely applied to land. This paper provides an overview of the system characteristics of management systems utilising vermiculture, to manage wastewater. The process can be used in a small scale for household waste treatment to rural or urban waste management.
36
Ismail, Norasyikin, and Farid Nasir Ani. "Solid Waste Management and Treatment in Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.969.
Full textAbstract:
A huge amount of solid wastes are generated daily in Malaysia. A staggering amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) is produced by one person daily in both urban and rural areas. Apart from these there would also be wastes that come from sewage sludge, industrial waste, agricultural waste, and clinical waste. Statistics of waste generated in Malaysia from each sector mention is presented in this paper. As the population of the country keep expanding, so does the generation of solid waste. However, we could take advantage of the situation by converting these wastes into syngas; which is known to be potentially capable in replacing natural gas for industrial and consumer’s energy application. In addition, existing treatment and processing of biomass and solid fuels such as coal has been widely used in industrial scales to generate electricity. Treatment of solid waste is one of many ways to manage this massive amount of solid waste generated.
37
Hybská, Helena, and Anna Ďuricová. "Treatment Sewage Sludge with the Addition of Charcoal." Advanced Materials Research 1001 (August 2014): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1001.118.
Full textAbstract:
Wastewater treatment is an important human invention that facilitates the support and development of human civilization. The actual biological wastewater treatment, like most other technologies, is not waste-free technology, because produces a significant amount of waste, sewage sludge. It can therefore be concluded that technological processes for wastewater treatment in one hand bring the desired effect, namely treated wastewater, and on the other hand, unwanted product - sewage sludge. Simply we can say that the pollution, which was covered in water, the treatment of wastewater transferred to the birth of sewage sludge, in waste production [1].
38
Xu, Hou Ying. "Harmless Disposal Technology of Waste Drilling Fluid in Liaohe Oilfield." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.674.
Full textAbstract:
To reduce environmental pollution caused by waste drilling fluid , Liaohe Oilfield takes methods of sewage pit seepage control and waste drilling solidification disposal.Firstly,different impermeable material comparation has been taken , as a result , high-density polyethylene geomembrane (HDPE) was choosn as the impermeable material for sewage pit .which has features of good seepage control, good chemical stability, low price ,non-toxic and environment friendly.According to features of five different landforms in Liaohe Oilfield, corresponding seepage control programs are developed. impermeable material, implementation and measurement of sewage pit are unified and standardized.which prevent contamination of underground water caused by waste drilling fluid effectively. Finally, curing treatment of the waste drilling fluid is carried out ,forming a system engineering to meet the needs of environment protection and costs control.
39
Menon, A. S. "Salmonellae and pollution indicator bacteria in municipal and food processing effluents and the Cornwallis River." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-113.
Full textAbstract:
A study was conducted to determine the incidence of fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, Aeromonas hydrophilia, and Salmonella spp. in the waste discharges of seven sewage treatment plants, four fruit and vegetable canneries, a meat packing plant, a poultry processing plant, and a potato processing plant located along the Cornwallis River in Nova Scotia, Canada. Surface water samples were also collected from 13 locations in the river to assess the impact of these waste discharges on the receiving water quality. The results showed that the final effluents from most of the sewage treatment and processing plants were of very poor bacteriological quality, with the number of indicator bacteria comparable with those found in raw sewage. Salmonellae were isolated from the effluents of the meat and poultry plants and five of the seven sewage treatment plants surveyed. No salmonellae were detected in the effluents of the fruit and vegetable canneries. The impact of the discharge of untreated municipal and food processing wastes on the Cornwallis River water quality was evidenced by the recovery from river water of five Salmonella serotypes, and the high fecal coliform counts which exceeded recommended limit for bathing and shellfish harvesting.
40
Yan, Bo, Wei Jiang, Fen Li, Zhen Long Gong, and An Xi Jiang. "Preparation of Activated Carbons from Sewage Sludge and Removing Hydrogen Sulfide." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1332.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to use the surplus sludge from sewage treatment plant and prepare sewage sludge adsorbent in order to use the adsorbent to remove the hydrogen sulfide from sewage treatment plant. To eliminate the secondary pollution of sludge and odor, it is a strategy of controlling waste by waste and reclamation. Meanwhile, research the process and mechanism of adsorbent’s deodorization, pursue the possibility of the adsorbent’s practical application.
41
Sakai, S., H. Takatsuki, M. Hiraoka, and T. Tsunemi. "Sludge Melting Process with Hazardous Asbestos Wastes." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 10-12 (May 1, 1991): 2029–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0659.
Full textAbstract:
Sewage sludge melting has been developed and operated in full-scale plants for sludge processing and utilization of the by-products as construction materials. Hazardous asbestos wastes should be disposed of properly so not to lead to environmental pollution. The co-melting process for sewage sludge and asbestos wastes is discussed based on the basic melting behavior of asbestos and the laboratory plant experiment. Microscopic observation and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that asbestos forms could be changed physically and chemically by the high temperature melting. The disappearance of asbestos fibrous forms and chemical changes of its composition in the melted slag are not always concluded to be non-toxic, but considering that the melted slag is a rock-like material with high strength, the melting is acceptable as a method of hazardous asbestos waste disposal. Laboratory scale experiments have been conducted on co-melting disposal of sprayed-on chrysotile asbestos waste and a mixture of lime-added and polymer-added sewage sludge. It was possible to maintain the temperatures around 1600 °C and to discharge slag smoothly. It is also expected that asbestos cement wastes will contribute to the adjustment materials of basicity (CaO/SiO2) in the polymer-added sludge melting.
42
Nor, M. F. M., S. Hassan, M. A. Said, and M. S. Aris. "Investigation of Fuel Characterisation of Waste Sludge from Sewage Treatment Plants (STP)." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 04019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822504019.
Full textAbstract:
Sewage treatment plants (STP’s) throughout Malaysia are facing escalating issues on sewage disposable and environmental impact. Investigation on the sewage sludge for possible fuel formulation as renewable energy is being considered. The characterization of waste sludge on its volatility, High Heating Value and Energy output value will provide a preliminary finding for usage as potential biomass fuel. Co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal provide another formulation for potential biomass fuel depend on its technical viability and economical input.
43
Efremova, Sanya, Ekaterina Polyanskova, Aleksey Bodrov, and Ekaterina Parfenova. "Resource-Saving Technology Based on Sewage Sludge." E3S Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124701037.
Full textAbstract:
The issues of waste disposal are currently having a global technological and economic complexity. The severity of the environmental problem is specified by the accumulation of large volumes of various wastes, including sewage sludge (SS). Modern technologies can provide its disposal with environmental and economic benefits. SS is a rich source of nutrients with a high fertilization potential. This work aims to study the utilization of wastewater sludge in recycling technology for agriculture. The composition of urban sewage sludge and its impact on the properties of gray forest soil were studied. It was shown that its application in a dose of 40-60 t/ha promoted an increase in the content of humus, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in the soil and a decrease in acidity. The noted increase in the content of the studied heavy metals upon the introduction of various doses of sludge did not exceed the approximate permissible concentration (APC) in the soil. The results showed that the use of SS as a fertilizer restores the balance of organic matter in soils and improves their agroecological properties. This technology, as a safe way of recycling waste into a valuable complex fertilizer, contributes to resource conservation.
44
Harefa, Nelius, Arifman Gulo, and Saronom Silaban. "Analysis of BOD and COD levels for home industry wastewater: A case study in a sewage streams." Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jpkim.v13i1.24142.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental pollution caused by waste is pollution that very dangerous for living things. In particular, water pollution, waste that is disposed of through waterways will disrupt the water ecosystem which will have an impact on human life. On the other hand, the development of entrepreneurship such as home industry has a positive impact on society, especially in terms of the economy. Therefore, water pollution indicators are needed that can be used as guidelines in treating wastes such as BOD and COD. In this study, analyzed the levels of BOD and COD from home industry wastewater in the Cawang area. The home industry includes laundry, cracker business, restaurants, printing houses, photocopying, and snack businesses. Based on the results of data analysis, the highest BOD level was 45.827 in samples taken at night. And, the highest COD levels were 95.923 in samples taken at night. These data indicate that the levels of BOD and COD in the water in the home industry waste disposal sites are below the standard threshold for wastewater quality. The levels of BOD and COD are in the safe category for aquatic biota. Keywords: BOD levels, COD levels, Waste, Water pollution
45
Smirnov, Alexander, Kantemir Tsabolov, Liliya Ineshina, and Elena Gogina. "Using biogas as an energy source." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 04064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126304064.
Full textAbstract:
This article discusses the topic of sewage sludge digestion. Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge makes it possible to obtain biogas, which can later be used to generate heat or electricity. this approach to resource use is recognized worldwide as more environmentally friendly. The article discusses the experience of European countries in the production and use of biogas. In the Russian Federation, the situation is complicated by the fact that wastewater contains a small amount of organic matter, which is a product for biogas production. Therefore, methods have been proposed for increasing the content of organic matter in sediments, for example, by means of separate waste collection and disposal of organic waste through grinders into the sewerage system. Or, the amount of organic matter in the sewage sludge can be increased by adding manure from animal farms. The stages of sediment fermentation are considered. The topic of rationality and payback of the use of biogas is raised. Projects already working in different countries are being considered. Possible volumes of gas production and methods of air purification during sludge treatment are considered.
46
Abreu, Alan H. M. de, Leticia B. Marzola, Lucas A. de Melo, Paulo S. dos S. Leles, Elton L. S. Abel, and Jorge M. Alonso. "Urban solid waste in the production of Lafoensia pacari seedlings." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 21, no. 2 (February 2017): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n2p83-87.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the potential of urban solid wastes as substrate for production of seedlings of Lafoensia pacari. Five treatments were tested, four with solid wastes and one standard substrate, namely: sewage sludge from Alegria Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP); sewage sludge from Ilha do Governador WTP; sewage sludge from Sarapuí WTP; domestic garbage compost (Fertlurb); and a commercial substrate made of biostabilized pine bark (standard substrate). The wastes received 20% (in volume) of shredded coconut fiber. At 105 days after sowing, the seedlings were evaluated for different quality parameters. Seedlings produced with Sarapuí WTP sewage sludge showed the best results in all the parameters, followed by seedlings produced with sewage sludge from Alegria and Ilha do Governador WTPs, which did not differ. Seedlings produced with domestic garbage compost showed satisfactory results, higher than the ones observed for seedlings produced with commercial substrate. The urban solid wastes with 20% of coconut fiber showed high potential and can be recommended for the composition of substrate in the production of Lafoensia pacari seedlings.
47
Porozhnyuk, L. A., and E. V. Porozhnyuk. "The Development of a Purification Method of Sewage from Chromium (VI) by Iron-Containing Waste." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.761.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the results of reagent purification of sewage from machine building industries from chromium (VI) ions. The relevance of research is connected with the expansion of the spectrum of effective reagents at the expense of the use of industrial wastes [1-3]. The component composition of abrasive waste formed from grinding of ferrous metals with a metal content of less than 50% is studied here. Conditions have been developed for the oxidation-reduction reactions necessary in the reagent purification of sewage from chromium (VI). It is shown that purification with an efficiency of more than 80% takes place within 60 minutes.
48
Sitarz, Mateusz, Tomasz Zdeb, João Castro Gomes, Erick Grünhäuser Soares, and Izabela Hager. "The immobilisation of heavy metals from sewage sludge ash in geopolymer mortars." MATEC Web of Conferences 322 (2020): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032201026.
Full textAbstract:
Sewage sludge is a semi-solid waste material created as a result of the sewage treatment of industrial or municipal wastewater. Because the laws and regulations of the European Union require not only a reduction in waste generation but also the preparation of waste for reuse and disposal, it is necessary to look for new methods of the application of sewage sludge as part of sustainable waste management. In this study, ash formed as a result of the combustion of sewage sludge from the sewage treatment plant in Płaszów, Krakow in a fluidised bed furnace at a temperature of around 800°C was used. Sewage sludge ash (SSA) contains over 30% SiO2 and approx. 10% Al2O3, which indicates potential applications in geopolymer materials. In this study, samples of geopolymer mortars with a binder containing sewage sludge ash as well as fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) were prepared. The mechanical parameters were determined after 2, 7, 14, and 28 days. The results show that the sewage sludge ash-based geopolymer shows binding properties at ambient temperature and, depending on the presence of FA and/or GGBFS, the compressive strength varies from 5 to 45 MPa after 28 days. The aim of the research was also to determine the total content of heavy metals (Sb, As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Hg, Zn) in the raw materials used and their leachability from the structure of the hardened materials. Immobilisation of heavy metals is very promising. Based on the results of tests, it seems possible to use SSA in geopolymer materials, but not as the main component of the binder.
49
Uniyal, Harish, Trapti Sharma, and Yogesh Renwal. "Exploration of Waste Water in Different Open Drains of Kota City." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 9 (June 24, 2018): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i9.100.
Full textAbstract:
In Kota city very small area has been covered by sewerage line. Mainly domestic sewage is treated in septic tank. The effluent of septic tank is discharged into open drains. There are many small and medium scale industries, Commercial center, Coaching Institutions etc.; discharging the waste water into various open drains. At present as the present sewerage system is not operating; the waste water from these open drains is discharged into Chambal River. In this project the analysis of waste water was done to examine the probable pollution caused by the high B.O.D. and C.O.D. in waste water. Some samples of drinking water from tube wells were also analyzed to detect the probable pollution from seepage of surface water into ground water. Average value of the B.O.D. Calculated for the Waste water taken from 20 readings is 388.25 and the maximum B.O.D. was in the waste water of Raipura drain (512)
50
Młyński, Dariusz, Karolina Kurek, and Piotr Bugajski. "An Analysis of Seasonal Waste Draining for the Urban Agglomeration Using Statistical Methods." Water 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10080976.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the work was to analyze the seasonality of the sewage outflow from the urban agglomeration of Radom, using statistical methods in the aspect of environmental protection. The research was carried out on the basis of the observational series covering the daily volume of the sewage outflow in the years 2013–2015. The assessment was carried out according to the following stages: identification of the distribution of the average daily sewage outflow in particular months using nuclear estimators, seasonal evaluation using the Colwell indicators and Fourier spectral analysis, and identification of homogeneous seasons with regard to the sewage outflow using the cluster analysis. On the basis of the calculations that were carried out, no significant seasonality of the sewage outflow was noted, which results from the separated character of the sewage system in the urban agglomeration of Radom. The analyses showed that the applied statistical techniques are a practical solution for identifying the seasonality of sewage inflow to the treatment plant, thanks to which it will be possible to take appropriate actions related to minimizing the harmful impact of hydraulic overload on the biotic environment of the natural receiver.