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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sewage works

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sewage works'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sewage works"

1

Lowe, Paul. "The Role of Strategies in the Development of Large Sewage Treatment Works." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1988): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0167.

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The development of three strategies covering the three largest sewage treatment works owned and operated by Yorkshire Water is described. The first deals with the problems of sludge disposal in a large urban conurbation containing 51 sewage works and producing 75,000 dry tonnes of sludge per annum. The second describes the advantages of centralising sewage treatment facilities at larger works where the need to invest in the sewerage network is limited. The third deals with the method of evaluation used to derive the development plan for a large works at Sheffield. It assumes that an ‘ideal' solution can be achieved using a ‘greenfield site' concept and compares this with the more pragmatic solution of renovation.

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Gostelow, P., and S. A. Parsons. "Sewage treatment works odour measurement." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 6 (March 1, 2000): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0090.

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Public concern over odours from sewage treatment works is increasing. More people are being exposed to odours, due to development around existing works or the construction of new works. Raised awareness of both the environment and individual rights has meant people are now more likely to complain. Odourabatement and control is a major issue for sewage works operators. To control odours, they must first be measured. This is no easy task as response to odours is subjective and our understanding of the sense of smell is incomplete. In assessing an odour nuisance, odour formation, emission, dispersion and perception must be considered. There is no single measure that is suitable for this purpose. Odour measurements fall into two classes. Analytical measurements characterise odours in terms of their chemical composition and are more suited to formation, emission and dispersion models. Unfortunately, they tell us little about the perceived effect of the odour. Sensory measurements employ the human nose and characterise odours in terms of their perceived effect. A link between analytical and sensory measurements is clearly needed. In this paper data collected from odour surveys at 17 different wastewater treatment sites are evaluated to explore possibilities for linking analytical and sensory measures. The relationship between hydrogen sulphide concentration and odour concentration as measured by threshold olfactometry is explored. Correlations suggest power-law relationships between hydrogen sulphide and odour concentration, with r2 values as high as 0.69. This paper will assess the use of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and olfactometry measurements for a range of unit operations and abatement technologies.

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Hanaki, Keisuke. "Sewage Works Emphasizing Circulating Function." Material Cycles and Waste Management Research 26, no. 2 (March 31, 2015): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/mcwmr.26.95.

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Arimi, S. M., C. R. Fricker, and R. W. A. Park. "Occurrence of ‘thermophilic’ campylobacters in sewage and their removal by treatment processes." Epidemiology and Infection 101, no. 2 (October 1988): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800054194.

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SUMMARYRemoval of thermophilic campylobacters from sewage at three different stages of treatment at a trickling filter sewage works has been assessed. Samples of incoming sewage, primary sedimentation effluent and final effluent were taken daily from 06.00 h to 20.00 h for 5 consecutive days and the numbers of campylobacters determined by using a most probable number method. Each sample was cultured using 2 h pre–enrichment followed by enrichment in Preston broth for 48 h and detection by plating. Over 78% of the incoming campylobacters were removed after primary sedimentation and < 0.1% remained in the final effluent.Campylobacter jejunbiotype I and biotype II constituted 81.5% and 15.9% respectively of the 232 isolates tested. Serotypes common in sewage were common in human faces. It appears that the trickling filter sewage works removes most of the campylobacters entering the sewage works, but large numbers, estimated to be approximately 1010, are released into the environment daily from a local sewage works.

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Kurihara, Hideto. "Sewage Works for Water Pollution Control." Japan journal of water pollution research 12, no. 4 (1989): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.12.216.

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Kurihara, Hideto. "Sewage works for water quality conservation." Japan journal of water pollution research 13, no. 4 (1990): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.13.207.

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Gostelow, P., S. A. Parsons, and R. M. Stuetz. "Odour measurements for sewage treatment works." Water Research 35, no. 3 (February 2001): 579–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00313-4.

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DAWSON, J. B., M. T. SUMMERFIELD, and J. E. HALL. "Upgrading Miskolc Sewage-Treatment Works, Hungary." Water and Environment Journal 7, no. 3 (June 1993): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1993.tb00842.x.

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STOCKS, D., R. HUNT, H. CONNOR, G. AGAR, and R. CROSS. "Reconstruction of Windermere Sewage-Treatment Works." Water and Environment Journal 8, no. 1 (February 1994): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01088.x.

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Koodie, A. V., and I. J. Kirkaldy. "Uprating of Mogden Sewage Treatment Works." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 9 (May 1, 2000): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0169.

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Mogden Sewage Treatment Works treats a population equivalent of approximately 1.8 m people from a catchment area of 160 sq. kilometres in North and West London. Substantial improvements have been undertaken over recent years including the automation of the works and major process improvements providing new sludge thickening facilities. In order to satisfy new obligations on treatment capacity set by the EC Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive a series of trials evaluating innovative and novel alternatives to conventional design were conducted. The “Mogden Trials” as they became known were granted a £1m research budget from the Thames Water capital release committee, however, substantial cost savings from an original capital control cost of £85m (NPV £141m) were considered possible. This paper describes how the savings were achieved through the trials and the assessment of options and provides details on the process of uprating the treatment plant including the successful partnering agreement between the owner/operator Thames Water and the US based company Black and Veatch.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sewage works"

1

Gostelow, P. "The modelling of odours from sewage treatment works." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248506.

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Woombs, M. S. "The ecological energetics of nematodes from sewage treatment works." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356334.

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Tyler, David Keith. "Improved estimation of uncertainty in flow measurement at sewage treatment works." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409476.

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Scheuerman, Phillip R., Samuel R. Farrah, and Gabriel Bitton. "Laboratory Studies of Virus Survival During Aerobic and Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1991. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2870.

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The survival of three enteroviruses (polio 1, coxsackie B3 and echo 1) and a rotavirus (SA-11) was studied under laboratory conditions. The effects of temperature, dissolved oxygen, detention time, sludge source and virus type on virus inactivation were determined. Temperature was the single most important factor influencing the rate of virus inactivation. No significant differences were found for virus inactivation rates at dissolved oxygen levels between 0.9 and 5.8 mg/l. However, the inactivation rate of the viruses under aerobic conditions was found to be significantly greater than the inactivation rate under anaerobic conditions (−0.77log10/day vs −0.33 log10/day). Sludge source, detention time and virus type did not significantly influence the rate of virus inactivation.

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Takwi, Colette Nchong. "An assessment of the management of odour at the Athlone wastewater treatment works, Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2788.

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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
¹Odour nuisance is increasingly becoming one of the major environmental problems in various countries across the world, especially odour associated with wastewater (Alfonsin et al., 2015; Schlegelmilch et al., 2005; Gostelow et al., 2001). As a result, the management of odour from Wastewater Treatment Works (WWTW) has become one of the environmental challenges besetting these facilities in recent times. The dispersion of odour across the physical boundary of wastewater treatment facilities presents not only negative environmental impacts to the natural environment, but also constitute a nuisance to surrounding populations. The Athlone (WWTW) located in the urban City of Cape Town with high demographics and adjacent to sensitive communities is thus not immune to poor air quality associated with WWTW activities (Walton, 2005). The population growth due to rural-urban migration has further put severe pressure on the facility and thus worsening the odour problem in the area. As a result, complaints have been received by the City Council from the surrounding communities over the last 20 years. In response to these complaints, the management of the WWTW introduced an odour management system with a particular focus on the use of a biotrickling filter coupled with the use of odour masking sprays. This management intervention was adopted in order to control the odour emitted to the atmosphere from the facility (WWTW). While these measures are said to reduce the prevalence of odour to the surrounding environment, it was, however, not clear whether or not such management interventions have reduced odour emitted from the treatment plant. This research was premised on two postulations as an approach to analyse the effect of the odour management plan adopted by the Athlone WWTW’s management and these are: 1) the perceived experience of odour by the adjacent neighbouring communities and, 2) the understanding of the inherent atmospheric dynamics (such as wind velocity, atmospheric stability, inversion layer and ventilation) which influence odour dispersal in the area. The research project argues that these two factors should be taken into account to ensure that the management of odour is sustainable. It is within this background that the research aimed at assessing the management of odour at the Athlone WWTW and to find out, if at all, the inherent local atmospheric conditions in the area and views of the surrounding communities are incorporated into the management of odour from the plant. The methodological design adopted in the study was case study approach. However, the atmospheric data (wind speed and direction) was obtained from the South African Weather Service (SAWS). These variables were analysed qualitatively and experimentally by the use of wind diagrams to provide insight on 2atmospheric stability conditions, surface inversion and topographical properties, and how these phenomenon influences odour dispersion. The study also reviewed previous odour management reports produced by the Althone WWTW management. This type of data was finally supported by data collected from the community by means of a community survey, face-to-face in-depth interviews and qualitative observation. Some major findings from the study revealed that the local weather of Athlone influences the dispersion of odour – facilitating dispersion in the summer through high wind velocities, while impeding dispersion during winter due to the presence of atmospheric stability conditions. Prevailing odours in this community has led to a general feeling of displeasure amongst community members especially since the management of the treatment plan does not include the local community in the decision-making process. In spite of these, the facility’s management approach was found to be more of a response driven nature even though it is ranked as a high-risk facility.

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Liney, Katherine Emma. "The endocrine modulating effects of sewage treatment works effluents on the roach (Rutilus rutilus)." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493637.

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Surveys of UK rivers have shown a high incidence of sexual disruption in populations of wild roach (Rutilus rutilus) living downstream from sewage treatment works (STW). Moreover, the degree of intersex (gonads containing both male and female structural characteristics) has been correlated with the concentration of effluent in those rivers.

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Scholtz, Carl Christian. "Improving contaminated sewage sludge : an experiment based assessment of selected treatment options for the SASOL sewage works in Sasolburg (South Africa) / by Carl C. Scholtz." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1832.

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Sasol Chemical Industries (SCI) located in Sasolburg, South Africa (SA), have since the early fifties produced fuels and waxes commercially, and recently diversified to produce a wider range of other chemicals. The Sasol One processes as with all industrial processes generate various waste streams. One such waste stream in the case of the Sasol One Site, which was the main theme of this study is the so-called poor quality sewage sludge generated during the treatment of domestic and industrial effluent in biological oxidation ponds at the sewage works. The poor quality of the sludge is related to the metals and pathogenic organisms present in the sludge. Furthermore, the stockpiling area where the sludge is stored is running out of space thus creating an ongoing environmental and operational challenge to the management of the sewage works. The primary objective of the study was therefore to identify suitable sludge treatment options by means of comparing three sludge treatment techniques, viz; Composting, ASP (Activated Sludge Pasteurisation) and SLASH (treatment of sludge with ash and / or lime). It was anticipated that one or a combination of these three techniques would improve the quality of the sludge in terms of its metal and pathogenic content and furthermore, as a more beneficial sludge, possibly support the humus requirements for the revegetation efforts during the rehabilitation activities on the Sasol One waste site. In evaluating these possible treatment options the sludge was subjected to laboratory bench experiments and field plant trials. To arrive at an answer as to which treatment option was the best, a decision matrix was developed that compared and scored the treatment options using various weighted criteria. The criteria used considered (i) the present legal sludge treatment requirements in terms of the Water Research Commission guidelines;(ii) the sustainability of the option that would be the most likely one to succeed in the long term; (iii) the economic viability defined as a capital and operational expenditure required that would give an indication of the financial viability of the preferred option and; (iv) the technical feasibility being defined as the potential for the preferred option to achieve full scale operation and a measure of confidence to implement the option or not. The experiments conducted and results achieved indicated that all three treatment options significantly improved the quality of the sludge in terms of metal and pathogenic content. However the composted sludge scored the highest points followed by SLASH and lastly ASP. Based on these experiments and the decision matrix used, Composting performed best by achieving a satisfactory score based on the WRC classification guidelines including cost and technical feasibility. With respect to this outcome the Composting was recommended as the preferred treatment option.
Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

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Bayard, Alynne. "An investigation of mangrove loss adjacent to the Bolivar Sewage Treatment Works using remote sensing techniques /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arb356.pdf.

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Mamabolo, Mmamala Florah. "Effects of cooperative governance in the sewage treatment works in the upper Vaal River / M.F. Mamabolo." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9784.

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The Upper Vaal Water Management Area (Upper Vaal WMA) lies in the eastern interior of South Africa. This WMA includes the Vaal, Klip, Wilge, Liebenbergsvlei and Mooi Rivers and extends to the confluence of the Mooi and Vaal Rivers. It also includes major dams such as the Vaal Dam, Grootdraai Dam and Sterkfontein Dam. The southern half of the WMA extends over the Free State province; the north-east mainly falls within Mpumalanga and the northern and western parts in Gauteng and North West provinces respectively (DWAF 2004). Several wastewater treatment works (WWTW) located in this area do not meet the standard set by the present legislation that addresses proper treatment of water. This results in number of problems that affect the quality of water in this catchment. It was noted by the WRC (2006b) that with the challenges of implementation in an environment of shared responsibility, it is increasingly recognised that public/government institutions must foster institutional cooperation and interaction for efficient provision of public services, both at the policy-strategy level and the operational-implementation level. According to WRC (2006b), poor cooperation between institutions in the implementation of their interrelated mandates has resulted in inefficient utilization of scarce resources and/or endless disputes. In order to address this shortcoming, a study that investigated the effects of cooperative governance in the Wastewater Treatment Works (WWTW) in the Upper Vaal Water Management Area was initiated. The results of the research indicate a lack of cooperation between the three spheres of governance that participate in the sustainable management of water treatment in this area.
Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

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Niven, Stewart James. "The origins and occurrence of estrogenic A-ring aromatic steroids in U.K. sewage treatment works effluents." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2157.

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There is worldwide concern over the possible estrogenic effects of organic chemicals on a variety of wildlife and indeed on humankind. In the U.K., estrogenic compounds in sewage treatment works (STW) effluents have been implicated in causing the increases in egg yolk protein production observed in caged male trout and other fish species. At the initiation of the present study, few of the estrogenic compounds in STW effiuents had been recognised, although circumstantial evidence suggested that steroidal hormones were primary candidates. Cholesterol is abundant in STW effluents and is the precursor of all steroidal hormones biosynthesised in mammalian systems. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that cholesterol might undergo A-ring aromatisation, during sewage treatment, producing estrone and 17β-estradiol via, intermediates such as l9-norcholest-l,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol (NCT). To study this hypothesis NCT was first synthesised via a known route and several of its chromatographic and mass spectral properties established for the first time. NCT itself was found to possess some estrogenic potential determined using an established assay but this was rather weak compared to 17β-estradiol - about 200,000 times less active at the minimum concentration needed to invoke a response. NCT also proved to be a much more hydrophobic compound than, for example, 17β-estradiol with a computed log octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) of over 9 compared with a log Kow of about 4 for l7β-estradiol. The established analytical properties of NCT were then used to investigate possible NCT formation in sewage. Radiolabelled 14C-cholesterol was incubated aerobically and anaerobically in Semi-Continuous Aaivated Sludge (SCAS), Die Away (DA) or simple stand alone STW simulation vessels. The products of incubation in both aqueous and solid fractions were examined by radio-high performance liquid chromatography (r-HPLC), radio-thin layer chromatography (r-TLC) and radio-gas chromatography (r-GC). Aerobic studies showed that side chain cleavage and A-ring rupture of cholesterol occurred rapidly (~25 % of added activity within 24 hrs) as measured by 14C02 evolution. Gaseous evolution was not monitored from the anaerobic experiments. Most remaining activity was associated with the solids fractions in all experiments. In the aqueous experiments both SCAS and DA systems, r-HPLC revealed rapid production of polar products which were not identified further. r-HPLC also revealed non-polar components of which choIest-3,5-diene, an unknown cholestadiene, a cholestadienol (other than 5,7-dienol), cholest-4-en-3-one and possibly NCT were identified by r-GC in the products of DA experiments. Whilst r-HPLC and r-TLC also revealed several products of anaerobic digestion of cholesterol, no compounds were detected by r-GC. STW effluents from two wastewater plants in the North London area were monitored over 7 months for A-ring steroids and other suspected estrogenic chemicals. Both effluents had previously proved estrogenic to caged fish. Liquid and SPM samples were taken, extracted and analysed by GC-MS. The two main estrogens, l7β-estradiol and estrone were identified from all liquid samples but not in SPM extracts. Generally the concentration of estrone (maximum ca 3 ng Lˉ¹) was significantly higher than that for 17β-estradiol (maximum 1 ng fˉ¹). The third natural estrogen, l6a,l7β-estriol, was identified in all Harpenden effluent samples analysed up to a concentration ca 0.5 ng Lˉ¹. However, estriol was not found in Deephams effluent extracts. The phytoestrogen, daidzein, found in soya based products was intermittently found in aqueous effluents samples from both sites >1 ng Lˉ¹. SPM made up <0.001 % of the effluent. Extracts showed that there was a high percentage of steroidal based material with coprostanol>cholesterol=β-sitosterol>>stigmasterol. NCT was twice identified from SPM taken from Deephams with a concentration of 39 and 136 ng 1ˉ¹ but

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Books on the topic "Sewage works"

1

Civil Engineering and Water Services. Sewage works and discharges archive: Report. Edinburgh: Civil Engineering and Water Services, Scottish Development Department, 1987.

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Cooper, Brian J. A review of the sewage works project for the Township of Plantagenet North Police Village of Wendover. [Toronto]: Ministry of the Environment, Environmental Approvals & Land Use Planning Branch, Value Engineering, 1986.

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Larry, DeMers, and Barber John 1957-, eds. Retrofitting publicly-owned treatment works for compliance. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Data Corp., 1990.

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B, Murphy Scott, ed. Treating industrial waste interferences at publicly-owned treatment works. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Data Corp., 1991.

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Office, Energy Efficiency. The long-term reliability of CHP at a large sewage works. London: Department of the Environment, 1994.

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Standards, United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Regulations and. Report to Congress on the discharge of hazardous wastes to publicly owned treatment works (the Domestic sewage study). Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Regulations and Standards, 1986.

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McColl, Steven Allan. Studies on the ultra-violet disinfection of a sewage treatment works effluent. [s.l: The Author], 1994.

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Wastewater treatment: An environmental primer. Houston, Tex: Lone Oak Pub., 1993.

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A, Adkins Roy, ed. Under the sludge: Beddington Roman Villa : excavations at Beddington Sewage Works 1981-1983. Carshalton: Beddington, Carshalton & Wallington Archaeological Society, 1986.

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Cleanup of the Tijuana River: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, April 13, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sewage works"

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Pandey, Abhilash, Praveen Kumar Chaudhary, and Bibhuti Bhusan Das. "Productivity Analysis of Shuttering Works for Sewage Treatment Plant." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 461–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8293-6_38.

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Göransson, Jonas, and Ingemar Karlsson. "Beneficial Use of Sludge from Sewage Plants and Water Works." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment III, 341–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79110-9_26.

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Wang, Zhiyi, Hongxing Yang, Jinqing Peng, and Lin Lu. "Analysis of Energy Utilization on Digestion Biogas Tri-Generation in Sewage Treatment Works." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 27–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39581-9_3.

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Chau, Henry K. M., Ricky C. L. Li, Tim S. T. Lee, Bill S. M. Cheung, and Teck Suan Loy. "Implementation of Computerized Maintenance Management System in Upgraded Pillar Point Sewage Treatment Works." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 889–900. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09507-3_77.

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Holmes, David, Michael Jere, A. T. Dzotizei, M. Munjoma, T. V. Luong, Paul B. Majura, A. F. Banda, John K. Odolon, and Rural Water and Sanitation East Uga. "9. Sustainability of rural sanitation in Venezuela; Pit-latrine-emptying using motorized equipment; Sanitation and hygiene, Bangladesh’s action; Sustainability of Lusaka sewage works; Participatory hygiene and sanitation programme." In Sustainability of Water and Sanitation Systems, 135–53. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780443522.009.

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Nanavaty, Reema. "Sewa's Sister-to-Sister Initiative for Peace and Work." In Thirty Years of SAARC: Society, Culture and Development, 176–82. B1/I-1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area, Mathura Road New Delhi 110 044: SAGE Publications Pvt. Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9789353885960.n17.

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Tyler, R. "SEWAGE WORKS AUTOMATION AT HOLDENHURST SEWAGE TREATMENT WORKS." In Instrumentation and Control of Water and Wastewater Treatment and Transport Systems, 709–14. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-032591-0.50119-6.

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"sewage works [n] [UK]." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 898. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_12645.

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"works [npl] [UK], sewage." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 1143. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_16482.

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"7 Case study: Cheddleton sewage treatment works." In Project cost estimating, 69–77. Thomas Telford Publishing, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/pce.20320.0007.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sewage works"

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Knolmar, Marcell. "GIS DEVELOPMENTS AT THE BUDAPEST SEWAGE WORKS." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b22/s11.111.

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Lu, G. H., J. Xia, H. Z. Zhang, C. Wang, Fangming Jin, Qi Zhou, and Bing Wu. "Integrated Biomarker Responses of Effluents from Municipal Sewage Treatment Works in Goldfish." In 2nd International Symposium on Aqua Science, Water Resource and Low Carbon Energy. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3529333.

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Yee, Y. W., C. G. Chua, and H. K. Yandamuri. "Foundation Works for a Sewage Treatment Plant Using Ground Improvement Methods in Malaysia." In International Symposium on Ground Improvement Technologies and Case Histories. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/gi173.

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Crosson, Courtney. "The Ensuing Flood: Increasing Equity and Reducing Impact through Networked Decentralized Infrastructure." In AIA/ACSA Intersections Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.19.3.

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"The fourth National Climate Assessment warns of increases in the intensity and duration of precipitation events in the coming decades, leading to a greater severity and frequency of flash floods in portions of the United States. This concern is exacerbated by a national trend in deteriorating stormwater infrastructure and increased urbanization with densification of impervious land cover. In coastal cities with accelerated development, surge events overwhelm infrastructure that was not expanded with changes in land cover. In older cities with combined sewer systems, floods result in outflows of raw sewage into ecological zones. In sprawling cities with extreme seasonal storms, a historic failure to invest in infrastructure during periods of growth causes significant, annual property damage. The damages will worsen with the projected increases in extreme precipitation if innovations are not made. However, municipalities also face resource constraints. Under limited budgets governments increasingly are asked to monitor, prevent, and respond to the impacts of climate change. Is there another answer to urban flooding than massive, top-down, and single-purpose public works? Can municipalities instead address urban challenges with a new paradigm: decentralized, bottom-up, and multi-benefit infrastructure?"

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Tian, Fei, Wei-dong Shi, Bin Chen, and Wei-dong Cao. "Study on Installation Position of Sewage Treatment Mixer." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30988.

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According to the problem that how to choose the installation position for sewage treatment mixer was uncertain, the flow field in the sewage treatment pool was simulated by the software FLUENT 6.3, using unstructured tetrahedral grid, moving coordinate system technology, k ∼ ε turbulence model and the SIMPLE algorithm. The distribution of velocity gradient in the whole pool was analyzed, and the flow field was compared at the different installation angles of sewage treatment mixer. The results show that the fluid flows along the axial direction of sewage treatment mixer, and diffuses along the radial direction. The stirring circulation is evident when the installation deviates from the narrow side, and the flow velocity of the whole pool is relatively uniform and greater than 0.3m/s. It is consistent with their work requirements, which not only improves the efficiency, but also saves costs.

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Lopes, M. Helena, Filomena Pinto, A. Teresa Crujeira, Rui Andre´, Ma´rio Dias, Ibrahim Gulyurtlu, and Isabel Cabrita. "Environmental Impact of Sewage Sludge Co-Gasification With Coal." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90776.

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The aim of this work is to study the minimization of the environmental impact associated with the gasification of sewage sludge. Co-gasification of a poor quality coal with dried sewage sludge was undertaken on a lab-scale gasifier. The presence of sewage sludge in co-gasification with coal led to higher energy conversions and the gas produced had greater hydrocarbons content. Both temperature and air flow rate were increased with the objective of giving rise to higher energy conversion, thus producing more gas, maximizing hydrogen formation and lowering hydrocarbons, char and tar contents. Due to the adverse effects of the presence of N, S and Cl pollutant precursors leading to the presence of highly corrosive compounds in the syngas, their conversion was evaluated. The increase of sewage sludge content in the feedstock was found to enhance the production of NH3, but working at higher temperatures and with greater Equivalence Ratio (ER) promoted the destruction of NH3. Production of H2S was similar for sewage sludge and coal and seemed to have been decreased by the presence of large quantities of ashes containing Ca and Fe. Temperature had no significant influence on H2S, but higher ER lowered H2S in the syngas. HCl was low and did not varied significantly for the conditions studied. The bed char residues were characterized and their leachability behaviour was evaluated. Heavy metals supplied with the fuel were mostly retained in solid residues, Pb and Hg being the most volatiles at 850°C. However, leachability of these metals was found to be below the analytical detection levels and only small quantities of SO42− and Cl− were released. The bed char residues were found to have variable concentrations of residual C, hence they could be used either as fuels to provide energy for gasification reactions or as sorbents to capture volatile heavy metals.

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MOSIEJ, Józef, and Teresa SUCHECKA. "THE ROLE OF IRRIGATION IN RIVER VALLEYS TO DEVELOP WATER QUALITY, PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT - CASE STUDY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.076.

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Ner river and its valley for over 170 years has been receiver for sewages from the city of Łódź. The natural system of this region (on the border of the watershed location, limitations of water supplies sources, lack of bigger natural rivers) in connection to city growth, lead to forming of specific system involving an agglomeration and water supplies system as well as wastewaters utilization system. The Ner river valley has the great potential to be effective in production biomass for energy purposes. Irrigation with polluted Ner river water cover fast growing plants high water and nutritional requirements. This would also work for the improvement of Ner river water quality. The achievement of good quality of water is not possible without irrigation of agricultural land in river valley. An amount of sewage discharged to Ner (193,017 m³ per day) several times higher then its natural flow in river. This is a result of strategy of water supply that is supported by transfer of water from Pilica river and underground water uptake for agglomeration. Relatively high runoff coefficient in years 1952 – 2011 was equal to 0.325 for Ner, in comparison to 0.17 for other rivers in Warta watershed. Despite the low natural flow Ner river discharges annually relatively high contaminants’ load to Warta river. In the analysed period (1995-2003) the annual average flow of Ner river amounted 10 % of annual average Warta river flow below its estuary. The share of analysed indicators of contaminants’ load approximated 27 % for total nitrogen, 37 % for phosphorus, 39 % for BOD5 and 28% for suspended solids. In the period 2004-2011 the annual average flow of Ner river amounted 13.8 % of annual average Warta river flow. The share of investigated pollutants loads consists 27.9 % for total nitrogen, 42.6 % for phosphorus, 19.8 % for BOD5 and 19.6 % for suspended solids.

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Harris, A. T., S. A. Scott, J. S. Dennis, A. N. Hayhurst, and J. F. Davidson. "The Gasification of Sewage Sludge in Bubbling Fluidized Beds." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-070.

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This paper gives the first measurements from a project investigating the gasification of dried sewage sludge in a laboratory scale, bubbling fluidized bed at atmospheric pressure. The aim of the work was to examine the reactions occurring in a fluidized bed gasifier rather than simply treat the reactor as a ‘black box’. Experiments were performed to investigate the rates of drying, devolatilisation, gasification and combustion. Thermogravimetric analysis, as well as batch fluidized bed experiments using mechanically dewatered, dried and pelletised municipal sewage sludges from different regions in the UK were performed. A comparison was made between the different samples of sludge and a low rank coal and softwood biomass. A distributed activation energy model (DAEM) for interpreting the kinetics of devolatilisation was also investigated. The model was able to reduce the results from several TGA experiments to a single curve characterised by a single parameter, the pre-exponential factor, A.

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Pettersson, Anita, Bengt-A˚ke Andersson, Britt-Marie Steenari, Lars-Erik A˚mand, and Bo Leckner. "Leaching of Phosphorus From Ashes of Co-Combustion of Sewage Sludge and Wood." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78017.

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Municipal sewage sludge has a high concentration of phosphorus, which should be recovered because phosphorus is a limited natural resource. In this work, sewage sludge was co-fired with wood in a FBC boiler. The aim of the investigating was to study the solubility of phosphorus in the ashes, by leaching as an alternative to the phosphorous recovery method of using the ashes directly on farmlands. The fly ashes from the boiler’s secondary cyclone and bag filter were leached at various pH-values and the release of phosphorus was measured. Only acidic leaching was applied. The ashes precipitated with Al2(SO4)3 released nearly all phosphorus at a pH-value of 1, whereas the ashes precipitated with Fe2(SO4)3 did not release all phosphorus even at the very low pH of 0.5. The concentrations of phosphorous in the leachate must be compared with liquid phosphorus sources such as human urine or liquid animal manure used as fertilisers. This may result in that the leachate has to be processed further. A continuation of the work to investigate to what extent the leachate is contaminated with toxic trace elements is necessary.

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Tihomirova, Kristina, and Linda Mezule. "Management of wastewater trough theatre." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9162.

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Compulsory study course on wastewater treatment and sewage systems contains lectures, classroom calculations, technical project and laboratory practicum. The course is addressing not only the developing skills in wastewater treatment technologies but also provides preparation of professionals that can communicate with institutions involved in water and wastewater sector. Over the years it has been observed that even after receiving the most sophisticated knowledge and highest markings, students often lack skills in practical communication with industry and implementation of theoretical knowledge in praxis. Here we describe student-centred teaching method that is based on the activities that are similar to theatre and allow: (i) the teacher to find and understand the weaker places in student knowledge gained during the semester; (ii) the students to form professional skills during the active communication with colleagues and mentors from industry. The students work in several groups “INDUSTRY”, “MUNICIPALITY” and EXPERTS”, try to find better solution for industrial sewage treatment and cooperation model with the municipality and present their results. After 2 years of the modernisation and adjustment, the training course has created an interest not only from student side but also from the industry representatives that are interested in communication with the new specialists and develop strong contacts with the university.

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