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Journal articles on the topic 'Sewerage engineering'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Harada, H., N. T. Dong, and S. Matsui. "A measure for provisional-and-urgent sanitary improvement in developing countries: septic-tank performance improvement." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 6 (October 1, 2008): 1305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.715.

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Although many cities have planed to develop sewerages in developing countries, sewerage establishment still requires huge investment and engineering efforts. Improvement of existing sanitation facilities may contribute the betterment of urban sanitation before sewerage establishment. The purpose of this study is to propose a measure to improve urban sanitation in areas where a sewerage development plan is proposed but has not been yet established, based on a case study in Hanoi, Vietnam. We found that 90.5% of human excreta flowed into septic tanks. However, 89.6% of septic tanks have never be

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Chiba, Yasuto, Takao Jo, and Norio Ito. "Earthquake resistance of sewerage pipe line facilities." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 3-4 (August 1, 1996): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0423.

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As may be gathered from the fact that Japan is known as an earthquake archipelago, the country has experienced earthquakes in numerous areas in the past and has suffered from great damage as a result of these. Although the need for earthquake resistance measures in pipe line facilities has increased as a result of this earthquake damage, there is still a shortage of information regarding sewerage pipe materials that are earthquake resistant. In order to rectify this situation, Japan Institute of Wastewater Engineering Technology (JIWET) has brought together sewerage pipe materials that are con

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3

O HARE, K. J. "THE STAVELEY SEWERAGE STRATEGY." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 133, no. 1 (March 1999): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/imuen.1999.31465.

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4

Bortenschlager, Peter. "The Vienna Sewerage System." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0034.

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After the practice for many decades had been to introduce waste waters into the nearest receiving bodies, i.e. Wien River, Donaukanal, and Danube, a multitude of intercepting sewers and a central treatment plant were built from 1969 to 1980. Subsumed under the working title “WABAS 80 -- Wiener Abwasserbeseitigungssysteme 1980”, these facilities guaranteed that all effluent produced in Vienna was brought to the central treatment plant for purification. Since 1986 a programme has been in effect to expand the existing sewage system and improve obsolete sewers, the aim being to preserve groundwate

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Yang, Jie, Zhong Hua Tang, and Yu Song. "Probe into the Problem of Water-Saving and Energy-Saving in Building." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3275.

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With the fast development of economy in China, some questions have come out gradually, and more and more obviously. For instance the energy in short supply, the water resource exhausted. I have made a simple analysis on the issue that some extant energy is wasted and the water resource wasted in the water supply and sewerage engineering in China, and have put forward some corresponding measures, such as full use of available municipal water supply network head, reasonable control of the flow of overpressure and decompression cost saving measures, promotion of the technology of water reuse and

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Ashipala, N., and N. P. Armitage. "Impediments to the adoption of alternative sewerage in South African urban informal settlements." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 9 (November 1, 2011): 1781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.746.

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In recent decades South Africa has witnessed a substantial growth in its urban population. This growth has been accompanied by the mushrooming of informal settlements (shantytowns) flanking more formal development. The lack of adequate urban drainage in many of these informal settlements has resulted in extremely polluted environments which add to the disease burden of the poor people who live there. In many instances, informal settlements in South Africa are established on marginal land that is inherently difficult to service using conventional gravity sewerage. International experience has s

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Harada, H., S. Matsui, N. T. Dong, Y. Shimizu, and S. Fujii. "Incremental sanitation improvement strategy: comparison of options for Hanoi, Vietnam." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 10 (November 1, 2010): 2225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.508.

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Urban sanitation issues should be tackled strategically, and may be addressed effectively when sewerage development is pursued in conjunction with complementary sanitation measures. Five sanitation improvement scenarios employing sewerage, night-soil collection-and-treatment (NSCT) system, and/or septic-tank improvement by annual desludging were analyzed from the perspective of COD loads, total nitrogen loads, and cost under the conditions found in Hanoi, Vietnam. Compared to the development of sewerage alone, the scenario of developing NSCT systems in a complementary manner with sewerage deve

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HODGKINSON, D. H., and C. J. FULLER. "FIRST-TIME SEWERAGE IN SEVENOAKS." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 115, no. 4 (December 1996): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/imuen.1996.29134.

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9

Pochwat, Kamil. "The use of artificial neural networks for analyzing the sensitivity of a retention tank." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500066.

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Designing retention facilities is a complex engineering process that requires the collection of the detailed hydrological data of a catchment and hydraulic sewerage system. The acquired data are necessary to prepare a model of the retention tank in appropriate software for hydrodynamic modelling. The article shows the results of tests concerning the analysis of the sensitivity of a sewerage model of a rainwater retention tank which may be implemented in this software. The results of tests allowed determining the impact of the individual hydraulic characteristics of the catchment and the sewera

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Yang, M. D., and T. C. Su. "Automation model of sewerage rehabilitation planning." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2006): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.805.

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The major steps of sewerage rehabilitation include inspection of sewerage, assessment of structural conditions, computation of structural condition grades, and determination of rehabilitation methods and materials. Conventionally, sewerage rehabilitation planning relies on experts with professional background that is tedious and time-consuming. This paper proposes an automation model of planning optimal sewerage rehabilitation strategies for the sewer system by integrating image process, clustering technology, optimization, and visualization display. Firstly, image processing techniques, such

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11

Câmara, A. S., D. Pereira, A. Fonseca, and S. Sequeira. "Maintenance Strategies for Sewerage Systems." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1987): 603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0240.

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The problem of decaying sewerage systems is a timely topic in many urban areas, due to its importance to societal needs and to the large amounts of capital expeditures needed to bring the concerned systems to an adequate level of serviceability. Thus, there is a need for better maintenance decision-making related to periodic inspection and cleaning, repair, rehabilitation or replacement of the equipment. In this paper, an approach offering integrated solutions to upgrade such systems, taking into account existing and foreseen structural and hydraulic conditions, is presented. The methodology r

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Otterpohl, Ralf, Martin Freund, Juan Pablo Sanz, and Andreas Durchschlag. "JOINT CONSIDERATION OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM AND W ASTEW ATER TREATMENT PLANT." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0016.

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The total efficiency of combined sewerage systems and wastewater treatment plants (WTP) sbould be considered. By an overall planning procedure the benefits of the whole system can be optimized. For the estimation of the system behaviour with different rain events, computer simulations of the sewerage system including storage tanks and the treatment plant have to be carried out. The two systems are not coupled mathematically allowing separate simulation. Hydrographs of different scenarios computed for the sewerage system can be used for simulations of the WTP. For comparing the effects of diffe

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Garmash, Alexei, Dmitrii Bondarenko, Gennadii Zubko, and Dmitrii Goncharenko. "On renovation of the destroyed tunnel sewer collector in Kharkiv." World Journal of Engineering 13, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-02-2016-009.

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Purpose The purpose of this study to monitor the state of deep sewerage networks is a task of current interest in connection with the emergency and pre-emergency condition of a large part of sewerage systems in the cities of Ukraine. Design/methodology/approach To monitor the state, performance and reliability of deep sewer collectors, it is necessary to provide monitoring wells and, during the lifetime, to carry out planned inspection of groundwater levels in the wells and to timely identify areas of filtration of wastewater into the ground. Findings Monitoring the state of deep sewerage netw

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Plyusnina, Ekaterina, and Vera Akristiniy. "Repair strategy for housing stock engineering systems to improve energy efficiency." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 05023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124405023.

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The article discusses problems of current interest concerning the housing and utility sector associated with increasing the level of comfort of living by constantly improving measures for carrying out planned and un-scheduled repairs and surveys. This work provides a methodology for justi-fying the choice of a repair strategy for engineering systems of water sup-ply and sewerage in the process of operating the housing stock, the imple-mentation of which will contribute to the timely and rational repairs and inspections of buildings engineering systems. This will allow systematical-ly eliminati

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Hellström, Daniel, and Erik Kärrman. "Exergy analysis and nutrient flows of various sewerage systems." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 9 (May 1, 1997): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0337.

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There is an increasing demand for more sustainable sewerage systems. An important tool in the analysis of the sustainability of a sewerage system is exergy analysis. It is possible, by using an exergy analysis, to estimate the consumption of physical resources. In the present study, the demand on resources in the sewerage system of Bergsjon, a district of Göteborg, Sweden, was evaluated through exergy analysis. The case study included the existing system and two sewerage system alternatives. One important aspect of a sustainable sanitary system is nutrients recycling from sewage to agriculture

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Kaczor, Grzegorz B., Krzysztof Chmielowski, and Piotr Bugajski. "Influence of extraneous waters on the quality and loads of pollutants in wastewater discharged into the treatment plant." Journal of Water and Land Development 33, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2017-0021.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to analyze an influence of an inflow penetrating into two selected small sewerage systems during a rainy weather on pollutant concentration and load in raw sewage. Studies were conducted in 2010–2015 on two small sewerage systems in Małopolska province. The studies confirmed that the inflow penetrating into the sewerage systems resulted in a decrease of pollutant concentrations in sewage. However, they also showed that this dilution was not constant for all types of pollutants. The most important outcome of the study was demonstrating that despite its diluting

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Capodaglio, Andrea G. "INTEGRAL CONTROL REQUIREMENTS FOR SEWERAGE SYSTEMS." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0014.

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Sewerage systems and sewage treatment plants are often planned, designed and operated as totally separate entities. As a result, sewage treatment efficiency is subject to considerable variability, depending both on general hydrologic conditions in the urban watershed (wet versus dry periods), and on specific “instantaneous” operating conditions. It has been postulated that the integration of design and operation in urban drainage and wastewater treatment could allow minimization of the harmful effects of discharges from treatment plants, combined sewer overflows and surface runoff. This “ideal

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Le Gouévec, Jérôme, and Olivier Blanpain. "Multicriteria analysis for choosing wastewater sewerage solutions." Journal of Hydroinformatics 4, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2002.0015.

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Today, more and more French communities have a critical point of view concerning the performance of their wastewater sewerage systems. The main reason is linked to the methodology of the studies in the design phase. The process is neither adapted to the complexity of the decision-making task, nor to a general management of the wastewater sewerage in a territory. In order to make these studies more coherent and the choices more rational, we propose a new formulation of the methodology as an alternative to the current one. Our approach relies on decision-making support which borrows concepts fro

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19

Arthur, Scott, Helen Crow, and Naoum Karikas. "Including public perception data in the evaluation of the consequences of sewerage derived urban flooding." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 1 (July 1, 2009): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.334.

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This text reports research which was undertaken to assess the failure consequences associated with sewerage systems. In an effort to move away from considering only flood volume, depth or extent, the text will focus on how a survey of public opinion was used to inform the development of a consequence scoring methodology. The failure consequences considered range from internal flooding of properties, to road closure, environmental damage and odour problems. The text reports the extent to which experience of flooding influences perceptions of failure consequence and sewerage system management. I

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A.Ya. Gaev, I.V. Kudelina, and T.V. Leontyeva. "THE MOST IMPORTANT AREAS OF MODERN WATER ENGINEERING AND THE NEED FOR ITS IMPROVEMENT." Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2019.4.662-667.

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Water construction began with the birth of mankind. But early man did the need for Sewerage system. In the era of STD and urbanization, it has become a serious problem. The processes of pollution and depletion of water resources are developing widely. Proposed to combine supplementing existing water intakes protected them from contamination using a barrier technology.

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Rybka, I., E. Bondar-Nowakowska, and M. Połoński. "Causes and Effects of Adverse Events During Water Supply and Sewerage System Constructions." Archives of Civil Engineering 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2015-0059.

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Abstract This paper identifies the adverse events occurring during the execution of water supply and sewerage systems construction. The basis for this paper is research conducted in 2010-2014 on the construction sites of water supply and sewerage systems located in the provinces of Lower Silesia and Opole. The research consisted of direct observations of construction sites and review of construction documentation. It showed that work stoppages on the examined construction sites were frequent. They were caused by violations of work discipline by the production employees, adverse weather conditi

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Sparks, Ross, and Andrew Kasmarik. "Monitoring Deterioration in a Catchment’s Sewerage System." Open Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 1 (October 31, 2013): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501307010149.

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Groundwater seepage through cracks in the sewerage pipeline is a major maintenance issue in most cities’ sewer networks. The more the sewer pipes crack – and the wider these cracks are – the worse the rainfall seepage problem becomes. The total volume of rainwater seepage into the sewer pipes for a catchment is correlated with deterioration and can therefore be used to estimate the rate of deterioration. This paper describes a monitoring system that can be used to identify significant trends in sewer deterioration. Effective monitoring by asset managers can highlight the need for early mainten

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Liu, Miao, Sonia Giovinazzi, and Piet Beukman. "Post-earthquake performance indicators for sewerage systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 169, no. 2 (June 2016): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jmuen.15.00028.

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Dauphin, S., C. Joannis, A. Deguin, G. Bridoux, G. Ruban, and M. Aumond. "Influent flow control to increase the pollution load treated during rainy periods." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 12 (June 1, 1998): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0522.

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The European Directive of May 1991 concerning urban wastewater treatment points out that sewerage systems must be designed to limit the pollution of receiving watercourses by stormwater discharges. As for the system management, the French Decree of 22 December 1995 states that flows or pollution loads exceeding the reference capacity of the treatment plant may be temporarily admitted. This is especially interesting in the case of separate wastewater sewerage, as inappropriate connections of runoff water and rainfall induced infiltration cause hydraulic overloads in such networks. An automated

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Heuer, J. J. M. B., and H. J. Kaskens. "Prevention of Concrete Corrosion and Odour Annoyance with Biofiltration." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1993): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0500.

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In many Dutch sewerage systems the sewage is pumped from small villages through pipelines to larger cities. These pressurized pipelines often end up in the pump sump of another pumping-station or in another sewerage system which transports the sewage under atmospheric conditions to the waste water treatment installation. When the waste water in these pipelines stays stationary for a longer period often sulphurous compounds are formed. At the downstream end of the pipeline, where the sewerage system meets atmospheric, aerobic circumstances, the hydrogen sulphide can be converted into sulphuric

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Barnwell, F., and D. FIDDES. "The North West Sewerage Rehabilitation Review." Water and Environment Journal 2, no. 2 (April 1988): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1988.tb01261.x.

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ASHLIN, D. E., S. E. BENTLEY, and J. P. CONSTERDINE. "Vacuum Sewerage ? The Four Crosses Experience." Water and Environment Journal 5, no. 6 (December 1991): 631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1991.tb00681.x.

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BOLTON, P. W. "Water and Sewerage Charges in Scotland." Water and Environment Journal 8, no. 1 (February 1994): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01093.x.

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HURLEY, R. "Urban Sewerage Rehabilitation in the UK." Water and Environment Journal 8, no. 4 (August 1994): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01127.x.

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Westoll, T. G. "Driffield Sewerage and Sewage-Treatment Projects." Water and Environment Journal 13, no. 2 (April 1999): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1999.tb01019.x.

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Shelef, G., Y. Azov, A. Kanarek, G. Zac, and A. Shaw. "The dan region sewerage wastewater treatment and reclamation scheme." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 9 (November 1, 1994): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0486.

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The Greater Tel-Aviv (Dan Region) urban area is composed of seven municipalities producing close to 100 million cubic meters per year (mcmy) of wastewaters, serving a population equivalent of over 1.7 millions. The Dan Region Association of Towns for Sewerage serves the largest population, commercial and tourism center of Israel as well as an important part of its industry. The flow of wastewater in the region is expected to reach some 150 mcmy by the end of this decade due to its intensive growth. Due to the perennial and severe shortage of water, Israel has adopted a national policy of maxim

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Ou, Yang Lin, Zhi Li Chen, Zhen Jie Ren, and Yi Yang. "The Renovation Project of Chongqing Combined Sewerage System." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1045–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1045.

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The current problems of drainage system have been analyzed by addressing the current situation of combined sewerage system in Chongqing area. According to the geographical characteristics of the terrain and the existing pipeline system, advices on modification works have been proposed which would meet the demand of sustainable development of Chongqing drainage system.

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Ukita, Masao, Hisatake Shirota, and Hiroshi Nakanishi. "The Option of Appropriate System for Wastewater Treatment in Low-Density Areas." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 10 (November 1, 1993): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0204.

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The method for selecting the appropriate treatment system in low-density areas was studied by statistical data analyses and questionnaire surveys. The main results obtained are as follows.(l) The efficiency of sewerage service has been decreasing. With decrease of the population density in served areas, treatment cost is increasing from 7,000 yen/household in 1961 to near 40,000 in 1989.(2) By considering the external cost of treated water quality, the marginal house density beyond which collective systems become advantageous, was estimated to be 9.5 houses/ha compared to the original value of

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Cai, Xiatong, Hamidreza Shirkhani, and Abdolmajid Mohammadian. "Risk-Informed Framework for Sewerage System Rehabilitation Management." Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 12, no. 2 (May 2021): 04020075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ps.1949-1204.0000525.

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Boon, Arthur G., Alison J. Vincent, and Kevin G. Boon. "Avoiding the problems of septic sewage." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0054.

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Septic sewage develops in a sewerage system when aeration of sewage in gravity sewers is inadequate or when sewage is pumped up a rising-main sewer and sulphides are formed. Many variables affect the rate at which septicity develops. Equations have been produced which describe the relation between the variables and septicity. Such equations can be applied to individual sewers or rising mains. To predict, prevent and control septicity of an entire sewerage system will be complex; preventative measures taken upstream will affect the formation of septicity downstream. This paper describes the dev

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Clegg, D., A. R. Eadon, and D. Fiddes. "UK State-of-the-Art – Sewerage Rehabilitation." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1989): 1101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0311.

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The problems which led to concern over the state of sewers within the UK in the 1970s are described together with the strategies and methodologies which were developed to allow cost-effective rehabilitation. The current approach is illustrated by reference to practice in two regional water authorities - North West Water and Severn Trent Water. Considerable benefits have accrued from considering entire pipework systems and dealing concurrently with structural, hydraulic and water quality problems. Effort in the future will concentrate on refining the existing methodology and improving business

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Eadon, Andrew R. "Investment Planning for Second Generation Sewerage Systems." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1993): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0482.

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The first part of this paper deals with the technical improvements which have been made in the United Kingdom to ensure that sewerage rehabilitation is both effective and efficient. Severn Trent Water Ltd, which was one of the first organisations to employ a strategic approach to sewerage rehabilitation, has responsibility for the management of some 52,000 kms of sewer, 2250 pumping stations and serves a population of 8.3 million people. Planning and the progress made on implementing new methods for structural and hydraulic analyses within Severn Trent Water Ltd are illustrated. These elements

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Diaper, C., and A. Sharma. "Innovative sewerage solutions for small rural towns." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.561.

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The development and implementation of alternative wastewater servicing approaches in rural communities in Australia appears more feasible than in larger urban developments as many rural centres rely on septic tanks and surface discharge of greywater. This method of disposal creates many environmental, social and economic issues and is seen to limit potential for growth in many towns. This paper describes a generic methodology for the selection of innovative sewerage options for six regional towns in Victoria, Australia. The method includes consultation with stakeholders, multi-criteria assessm

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van Mameren, H. J., and J. Zuidervliet. "Improved Overflow in a Sewerage System as a Pollutant Load-Reducing Device." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1990): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0303.

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The applicability of improved overflows in sewerage systems in the Netherlands have been investigated within the framework of the Dutch Research Programme of the National Working Group on Sewerage and Water Quality (NWRW). As a result of the first part of the investigation, a high-side-weir chamber was built in IJsselmonde-Dorp in the municipality of Rotterdam to test this design under field conditions. Between May 1987 and September 1988, 18 storm events were monitored and samples extracted for analyses. The overall efficiency of the high-side-weir chamber was measured to be about 27% for COD

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Arthur, S., H. Crow, L. Pedezert, and N. Karikas. "The holistic prioritisation of proactive sewer maintenance." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 7 (April 1, 2009): 1385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.134.

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In sewerage asset management, there has been a concerted move away from primarily assessing system capacity or physical performance, to focus on “serviceability” as a key performance indicator. After identifying flooding due to blockages as a key failure mode, this paper documents the development of a tool which can contribute towards efficient sewerage asset management within the context of maintaining “serviceability” to customers, the public and the environment. Against the background of poor availability of reliable data, the reported project provides a process based on FMECA which can be

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Beenen, A. S. "Benchmarking management of sewer systems: more to learn than cost effectiveness." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0461.

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Thirty-nine municipalities in the Netherlands conducted a pilot study to develop and try out a methodology to compare the quality of their sewerage management. The participants chose a multidimensional benchmarking with an emphasis on the aim of improving the working processes within sewerage management. A second goal was accountability to the stakeholders. The benchmarking methodology was based as well on analysing data within a “balanced-score-card” system as on intensive exchange of knowledge and experiences. The pilot resulted in a state of the art overview of the quality of sewerage manag

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Huang, Shi Yuan, Qiang Huang, Shao Hua He, and Shuai Zhou. "Discussion on the Design of Water Supply and Sewage Engineering for School Canteen." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 4856–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4856.

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Based on the particularity of the water supply and sewerage design of dining hall’s construction and retrofit in the college, some problems in design, such as water-supply system, drainage system, hot water system, and reclaimed water system are discussed. Also some corresponding advices and solutions are put forward. Some explorations, especially in the canteen hot water supply and the thermal insulation are made. In this way, the designs can better meet the requirements of operation.

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Anderson, J., and R. Iyaduri. "Integrated urban water planning: big picture planning is good for the wallet and the environment." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0666.

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The demands on governments and local authorities are changing in response to community expectations for environmentally sustainable outcomes. To reverse declining water quality in rivers and ensure sustainable use in the 21st century, the State Government in New South Wales has introduced a package of Water Reforms. The introduction of integrated water, sewerage and drainage planning is one of the Water Reform initiatives. Traditionally, government and local authorities have managed their water supply, sewerage and stormwater drainage systems as separate entities. Integrated urban water planni

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Nakanishi, Junko, Mikio Ishiwatari, and Masakazu Ichimura. "Capability of On-Site Sewage Treatment System in Japan: Case Study in the Tokyo Suburb of Nagareyama City." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 10-12 (May 1, 1991): 1835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0639.

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The capability of an on-site sewage treatment system was examined in Nagareyama, a suburb of Metropolitan Tokyo, with the multi-objective optimization method. The total cost, local expense, drinking water quality, stream water quality and speed of sewerage service were considered and the relative weight of each evaluated by interviews with 44 citizens. In the optimal sewerage plan, about half of the planning area was concluded to be suitable for onsite treatment systems. The idea presented here is expected to be useful for other countries especially for developing ones.

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45

Gormley, Michael, Duncan D. Mara, Nicole Jean, and Ian McDougall. "Pro-poor sewerage: solids modelling for design optimisation." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 166, no. 1 (March 2013): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/muen.11.00037.

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Delo, E. A., and R. B. B. Kellagher. "An Integrated Modelling Study to Upgrade the Sewerage System of a Coastal Town." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 12 (June 1, 1992): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0338.

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Two complementary methods for the design of storage capacity in an upgraded sewerage system in relation to compliance with the Bathing Water Directive are described. A ten year record of hourly rainfall depths was analysed to give the daily maximum depth of rainfall for durations of 1 h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h and 12h. The rainfall events that exceeded the five year design storm were removed. The first method comprised selecting the largest of the second worst storms in each of the ten years and using those as design storms to compute the storage volume required for the upgraded sewerage system. The s

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Racault, Y., C. Boutin, and A. Seguin. "Waste stabilization ponds in France: a report on fifteen years experience." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 12 (June 1, 1995): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0465.

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In 1992, a survey was conducted on the performance of waste stabilization ponds in France. The data selected come from a sample of 178 ponds, with an average capacity of 600 p.e., throughout France. For each plant, one or several input--output load measurements over a 24-h period are available. The average organic load level received is approximately 25 kg BOD/ha.d, representing 50% of the nominal load. The quality of the treated water is presented based on the type of sewerage system feeding the ponds. The results appear dispersed, however; in 70% of the cases the concentrations in COD and BO

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Ashley, R. M., S. J. Tait, E. Styan, A. Cashman, B. Luck, J. Blanksby, A. Saul, and L. Sandlands. "Sewer system design moving into the 21st century – a UK perspective." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.118.

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Change in external factors, such as environmental legislation and climate change, will mean the future of sewerage systems is likely to be different from the past. Combined sewerage systems comprise the vast majority of existing sewers in countries such as the UK. A study funded by UK Water Industry Research Ltd has reviewed the current state of sewerage within the UK, the likely drivers for change and the consequent future impacts over a 75 year timescale. Potential responses to address the anticipated changes have also been considered. It is concluded that due to the wide extent and value of

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Spiller, M., B. S. McIntosh, and R. A. F. Seaton. "The influence of supply and sewerage area characteristics on water and sewerage companies responses to the Water Framework Directive." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 7 (October 1, 2009): 1811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.562.

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Using the example of raw water quality this paper examines the relationship between different spatial characteristics (geographical and physical properties) of Water and Sewerage Companies (WaSCs) supply and sewage areas and response to the Water Framework Directive. Results were obtained from thematic analysis and content analysis of 14 interviews with WaSCs representatives. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis of 51 WaSCs business function characteristics was employed to derive groups of similar WaSCs. Results indicate that there is difference in how WaSCs approach raw water qua

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Katko, T. S. "Cost Recovery in Water Services." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 9-11 (November 1, 1992): 2621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0802.

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The objective of the study was to find out to what extent water charges could be used in the developing world. This paper presents a cost recovery model primarily for water supply and discusses its implications for sewerage services. The model has four key elements: benefits and costs, predictability of consumer contributions, water tariffs, and fee collection and financial management. The study shows that water charges are a necessity in developing countries, as in the developed world, and consumers are more able and willing to pay than has been thought. Adequate sewerage and sewage charges s

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