Journal articles: 'Sewerage system'

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Ichikawa, Arata. "Japan's sewerage system." International Journal of Water Resources Development 4, no. 1 (March 1988): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900628808722368.

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Bortenschlager, Peter. "The Vienna Sewerage System." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0034.

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After the practice for many decades had been to introduce waste waters into the nearest receiving bodies, i.e. Wien River, Donaukanal, and Danube, a multitude of intercepting sewers and a central treatment plant were built from 1969 to 1980. Subsumed under the working title “WABAS 80 -- Wiener Abwasserbeseitigungssysteme 1980”, these facilities guaranteed that all effluent produced in Vienna was brought to the central treatment plant for purification. Since 1986 a programme has been in effect to expand the existing sewage system and improve obsolete sewers, the aim being to preserve groundwater quality. Providing also for the construction of relief interceptors along the Donaukanal and the Wien River as well as the enlargement of the central treatment plant, the programme was designed not only to preserve but also to improve water quality in the Donaukanal and the Danube itself. The City has set apart AS 12 000 million for this project, which is to be completed by 2000.

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WATANABE, Chonosuke. "Pressure type sewerage system." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 16, no. 6 (1987): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.16.419.

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Rony, Jahid Hasan, Nazmul Karim, MD Abdur Rouf, Md Monirul Islam, Jia Uddin, and Momotaz Begum. "A Cost-Effective IoT Model for a Smart Sewerage Management System Using Sensors." J 4, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j4030027.

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The sewerage system is a primary element of a city and is responsible for the congestion of both rain and gray water from homes and industries. It is essential to have a monitoring system and a plan to perform prior expansion in the sewerage management system, to avoid massive disruption. However, there is no monitoring system in several overpopulated cities in the world, and the expansion process faces myriad difficulties and takes much time. This paper presents a model for an intelligent sewerage management system that provides real-time monitoring without any major changes to the previous system, using water sensors, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) module, and a micro-controller. The condition of the sewerage acts as an input through the sensors; then, the microcontroller stores the value in the cloud and performs waste collection depending on the current situation. Meanwhile, after processing, the information reaches the monitoring system. Various trial installations of the proposed system have shown that it enables real-time monitoring to observe live conditions and helps to prevent sewerage blockage caused by solid waste. Considering a deficient cost model, this system can intensify the performance of poorly managed sewerage systems.

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Otterpohl, Ralf, Martin Freund, Juan Pablo Sanz, and Andreas Durchschlag. "JOINT CONSIDERATION OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM AND W ASTEW ATER TREATMENT PLANT." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0016.

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The total efficiency of combined sewerage systems and wastewater treatment plants (WTP) sbould be considered. By an overall planning procedure the benefits of the whole system can be optimized. For the estimation of the system behaviour with different rain events, computer simulations of the sewerage system including storage tanks and the treatment plant have to be carried out. The two systems are not coupled mathematically allowing separate simulation. Hydrographs of different scenarios computed for the sewerage system can be used for simulations of the WTP. For comparing the effects of different throttle flows on the treatment plant an example bas been simulated. In this example the BOD5 and phosphorus loads could be reduced with a higher throttle flow. The large difference in total discharges from combined sewerage without storage tanks and with well-dimensioned tanks could also be demonstrated.

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Samir, Alicic. "Sewerage system (cloaca) in Roman law." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 46, no. 1 (2012): 437–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns46-1993.

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Eisenberg, Y., Th C. Gofas, R. A. Fasano, and F. S. Hindes. "SUBMARINE SIPHONS FOR ATHENS SEWERAGE SYSTEM." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.204.

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The submarine siphons with an overall length of almost 1300 meters and an ultimate capacity of 27 cubic meters (m^) per second (about 600 million gallons per day) will be a major element of the new wastewater conveyance and treatment system presently under construction in Athen, Greece. This will help alleviate the present condition where an average of more than 6 m^ per second (130 million gallons per day) of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater are discharged into the sea near Athens. Construction of the submarine siphon pipes started in late 1984 and was completed in early 1987. Description of the data collection for and the design, manufacture and construction of these submarine siphons are presented in this paper.

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Rucka, Jan, Tomas Suchacek, Jiri Kovar, and Ondrej Andrs. "ASPECTS OF PRESSURE SEWERAGE SYSTEM DESIGN." MM Science Journal 2015, no. 04 (December 9, 2015): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2015_12_201562.

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Chupin, R. V., I. V. Mayzel, and V. R. Chupin. "Trajectory of Sewerage System Development Optimization." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 262 (November 2017): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/262/1/012080.

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Hellström, Daniel, and Erik Kärrman. "Exergy analysis and nutrient flows of various sewerage systems." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 9 (May 1, 1997): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0337.

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There is an increasing demand for more sustainable sewerage systems. An important tool in the analysis of the sustainability of a sewerage system is exergy analysis. It is possible, by using an exergy analysis, to estimate the consumption of physical resources. In the present study, the demand on resources in the sewerage system of Bergsjon, a district of Göteborg, Sweden, was evaluated through exergy analysis. The case study included the existing system and two sewerage system alternatives. One important aspect of a sustainable sanitary system is nutrients recycling from sewage to agriculture. The exergy analysis has therefore been complemented with an analysis of the mass-flows of phosphorus and nitrogen. The study shows that the hypothetical calculated exergy consumption during operation will be lower in a system with local treatment and urine separation toilets compared with a conventional alternative. The amount of phosphorus that could be recycled is the same for the studied alternatives, but the amount of nitrogen that could be recycled is considerably higher for systems with urine separation techniques.

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Kaczor, Grzegorz B., Krzysztof Chmielowski, and Piotr Bugajski. "Influence of extraneous waters on the quality and loads of pollutants in wastewater discharged into the treatment plant." Journal of Water and Land Development 33, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2017-0021.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to analyze an influence of an inflow penetrating into two selected small sewerage systems during a rainy weather on pollutant concentration and load in raw sewage. Studies were conducted in 2010–2015 on two small sewerage systems in Małopolska province. The studies confirmed that the inflow penetrating into the sewerage systems resulted in a decrease of pollutant concentrations in sewage. However, they also showed that this dilution was not constant for all types of pollutants. The most important outcome of the study was demonstrating that despite its diluting effect on pollutants, the intense inflow into a sewerage system resulted in an increase of a sewage pollutant load. This increase was not regular, but it was rising dramatically when the inflow share in sewage exceeded 50%. The study indicated that the inflow penetrating into the sewerage system should not be disregarded, as it actually presented a significant threat to the wastewater treatment process and in consequence to the quality of recipient waters.

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Repel, Adam, Martina Zeleňáková, Gabriel Markovič, and Lenka Findoráková. "Sewage system design for the Čierna Lehota - Slavošovce – Rochovce agglomeration." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500108.

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The development of public sewerage systems in Slovakia is significantly behind in the state of supply of drinking water. The number of inhabitants connected to the public sewerage system in Slovakia is considerably lagging behind in the state of the population supplied with drinking water, by about 28.4% less in the number of connected inhabitants. Designing sewerage in urbanized areas improves the quality of the environment and the quality of life of townspeople and municipalities. The aim of the paper is the processing of basic information about the current status of the affected area, designing alternative solutions for the sewerage subject area, a comparison of alternatives for proposed activity and the rationale for the selection of the optimal solution. An area of interest for the design of sewerage is the Čierna Lehota – Slavošovce – Rochovce agglomeration, which is located in the Košice Region in eastern Slovakia. The problem of this agglomeration is the method for the disposal of wastewaters, which are disposed of in non-ecological septic tanks or discharged directly into a local stream. In the paper are three proposals in the form of three different variants of sewage system according to relevant standards and documentation. At the end of this paper, an evaluation of the individual variants is presented.

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Koizumi, A., and T. Inakazu. "A Multipurpose Optimization Model for Area-Wide Sewerage Systems." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 21, no. 8 (August 1989): 1015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a211015.

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In this paper the goal programming model is given that deals with the optimal scale and location of an area-wide sewerage system, consisting of trunk sewers, treatment plants, and pumping stations. The uncertainty of future wastewater volume is considered, and the regional objectives are evaluated. Hence, the model is composed of several constraints and of three objective functions (goals). The major constraints are the capacity of the treatment plants and the estimated range of wastewater amount in each municipality. The goals are to minimize total cost and environmental impact, while maximizing user satisfaction with the sewerage system. The case study shows that this model can help to decide the location and scale of facilities for sewerage system, giving results that are a good balance of the three goals. Furthermore, the analysis, by varying the settings of the goals or the values of sewerage propagation ratio, shows that the model can simulate changes in the wastewater capacity and its transport routes. Thus our model makes it easier for decisionmakers to plan area-wide sewerage systems.

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YAMADA, Tetsuya. "Current Situation and Issues of Policy on Sewerage System for Adaptation for Environment Charge around Sewerage System." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 48, no. 1 (January 20, 2019): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.48.18.

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Brocard, D., S. J. Gan, L. Y. Koh, T. W. Tan, W. I. Cox, T. Schellhase, L. L. Woo, et al. "Deep tunnel sewerage system phase 2 – hydraulics." Water Practice and Technology 14, no. 2 (March 28, 2019): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.026.

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Abstract The Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS) is aimed at providing a robust and efficient means of catering to Singapore's used-water needs. DTSS2 is the second phase of this project, comprising an approximately 30-km long South Tunnel, a 10-km long Industrial Tunnel, 60-km of Link Sewers and a new Water Reclamation Plant integrated with a NEWater facility. In contrast with tunnels designed to store overflows in combined sewer systems, the DTSS tunnels convey used-water all the time from Singapore's separated system. This paper describes hydraulic analyses that were conducted during the feasibility study and preliminary design. The topics covered include hydraulic modelling of the entire system with the main goal of ensuring system resilience, air management to avoid odours at ground level, and isolation of tunnel section using gates for potential maintenance or repair. The resilience analyses concentrated on the system functionality in case of a failure, to ensure that used-water can be safely conveyed to a treatment plant. The air management system included several odour control facilities and air jumpers to avoid escape of odorous air from the system and the isolation gates requires detailed hydraulic analyses to cater to the high heads involved.

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Palanca-Tan, Rosalina. "Health and water quality benefits of alternative sewerage systems in Metro Manila, Philippines." Environment and Urbanization 29, no. 2 (July 17, 2017): 567–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247817718402.

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This paper presents results of a household survey on the current sanitation and sewerage conditions in Metro Manila. The survey included a choice, measured in terms of the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP), between two alternative domestic wastewater treatment systems: 1) a sewerage system connecting individual households to a treatment plant through sewer lines; and 2) a combined drainage–sewerage system in which wastewater effluent flows with rainwater through flood canals and is intercepted for treatment only at a certain point in the waterway. With the second, the health improvement effect may be limited, but the cost can be significantly lower. The finding in favour of the combined drainage–sewerage system lends some support to this new approach in municipal wastewater treatment, which some other increasingly congested metropolises in Asian countries are likewise adopting, as an alternative to the more costly individual household sewer connections.

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Sparks, Ross, and Andrew Kasmarik. "Monitoring Deterioration in a Catchment’s Sewerage System." Open Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 1 (October 31, 2013): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501307010149.

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Groundwater seepage through cracks in the sewerage pipeline is a major maintenance issue in most cities’ sewer networks. The more the sewer pipes crack – and the wider these cracks are – the worse the rainfall seepage problem becomes. The total volume of rainwater seepage into the sewer pipes for a catchment is correlated with deterioration and can therefore be used to estimate the rate of deterioration. This paper describes a monitoring system that can be used to identify significant trends in sewer deterioration. Effective monitoring by asset managers can highlight the need for early maintenance such as removing tree roots from pipe cracks and patching the cracks.

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SAKAI, Kenji. "Role of Sewerage System in Watershed Management." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 629 (1999): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1999.629_1.

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Yap, Hiew Thong, and Su Kong Ngien. "Analysis of Flow Characteristics in Sewerage System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.599.

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In the present study, two parameters, the per capita flow and the design criterion, were investigated. The investigation was performed on a manhole located between the library and sports complex within Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang campus (UMP Gambang) where field monitoring of sewage flows was conducted. ISCO 2150 area-velocity flowmeter was used to collect the flow data and Flowlink 5.1 software was used for data retrieval as well as display. Calibration of the flowmeter was done in the Hydraulics and Hydrology Laboratory of UMP Gambang. The study duration was from November 2014 to February 2015. Each set of data consists of sewage flow readings every 5 minutes for duration of two weeks. The same data measurement interval was applied to the rainfall data, collected through an ISCO 675 rain gauge. From the results obtained, both the parameters investigated were found to be lower than their respective values stated in the Malaysia Standard MS1228:1991. After analysis of the results, it can be concluded that the flow characteristics in the sewerage system studied is sufficient to cater to the population equivalent in the study.

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Harada, H., S. Matsui, N. T. Dong, Y. Shimizu, and S. Fujii. "Incremental sanitation improvement strategy: comparison of options for Hanoi, Vietnam." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 10 (November 1, 2010): 2225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.508.

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Urban sanitation issues should be tackled strategically, and may be addressed effectively when sewerage development is pursued in conjunction with complementary sanitation measures. Five sanitation improvement scenarios employing sewerage, night-soil collection-and-treatment (NSCT) system, and/or septic-tank improvement by annual desludging were analyzed from the perspective of COD loads, total nitrogen loads, and cost under the conditions found in Hanoi, Vietnam. Compared to the development of sewerage alone, the scenario of developing NSCT systems in a complementary manner with sewerage development was estimated to be the most effective for a rapid decrease of both COD and total nitrogen loads. However, it may be difficult in some cases to replace ordinary water-flush toilets by the micro-flush toilets that are used in NSCT systems. In this case, the scenario employing septic-tank improvement in conjunction with sewerage development may be effective for a rapid decrease of COD in locations where septic tanks are widely used under poor maintenance conditions and nitrogen pollution is not serious compared to COD. It was calculated that the two scenarios above would respectively require cost increases of 16 and 22% over the sewerage development scenario.

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Ukita, Masao, Hisatake Shirota, and Hiroshi Nakanishi. "The Option of Appropriate System for Wastewater Treatment in Low-Density Areas." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 10 (November 1, 1993): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0204.

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The method for selecting the appropriate treatment system in low-density areas was studied by statistical data analyses and questionnaire surveys. The main results obtained are as follows.(l) The efficiency of sewerage service has been decreasing. With decrease of the population density in served areas, treatment cost is increasing from 7,000 yen/household in 1961 to near 40,000 in 1989.(2) By considering the external cost of treated water quality, the marginal house density beyond which collective systems become advantageous, was estimated to be 9.5 houses/ha compared to the original value of 13 houses/ha.(3) Improvement of water quality, saving energy, and efficient uses of sludge are considered to be important for the environmental impact of sewerage systems. Suitable allocation of optional treatment systems, energy saving technology and prevention of sludge contamination must be the important issues for the sewerage service on a small scale.

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Yang, M. D., and T. C. Su. "Automation model of sewerage rehabilitation planning." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2006): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.805.

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The major steps of sewerage rehabilitation include inspection of sewerage, assessment of structural conditions, computation of structural condition grades, and determination of rehabilitation methods and materials. Conventionally, sewerage rehabilitation planning relies on experts with professional background that is tedious and time-consuming. This paper proposes an automation model of planning optimal sewerage rehabilitation strategies for the sewer system by integrating image process, clustering technology, optimization, and visualization display. Firstly, image processing techniques, such as wavelet transformation and co-occurrence features extraction, were employed to extract various characteristics of structural failures from CCTV inspection images. Secondly, a classification neural network was established to automatically interpret the structural conditions by comparing the extracted features with the typical failures in a databank. Then, to achieve optimal rehabilitation efficiency, a genetic algorithm was used to determine appropriate rehabilitation methods and substitution materials for the pipe sections with a risk of mal-function and even collapse. Finally, the result from the automation model can be visualized in a geographic information system in which essential information of the sewer system and sewerage rehabilitation plans are graphically displayed. For demonstration, the automation model of optimal sewerage rehabilitation planning was applied to a sewer system in east Taichung, Chinese Taiwan.

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Mara, D. D. "Sanitation for all in periurban areas? Only if we use simplified sewerage." Water Supply 5, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0050.

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Simplified sewerage is considered the only periurban sanitation technology that has a chance of ensuring that the WHO/UNICEF target of Sanitation for All by the end of 2025 is achieved. On-site sanitation technologies, such as ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines, pour-flush toilets and ecological sanitation toilets, are either technically infeasible in high-density areas or more expensive than simplified sewerage. Simplified sewerage is often institutionally and professionally acceptable to sewerage authorities simply because it is a sewerage system, albeit different from conventional sewerage in that it uses small-diameter sewers laid at shallow gradients (e.g., 100-mm sewers at 1 in ∼200). The success of simplified sewerage in Latin America, principally Brazil, has to be replicated on a truly huge scale in Africa and Asia where most of those without adequate sanitation live. In areas where even simplified sewerage is unaffordable, the only option is to install communal sanitation blocks of the type implemented in India by Sulabh International.

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Ou, Yang Lin, Zhi Li Chen, Zhen Jie Ren, and Yi Yang. "The Renovation Project of Chongqing Combined Sewerage System." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1045–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1045.

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The current problems of drainage system have been analyzed by addressing the current situation of combined sewerage system in Chongqing area. According to the geographical characteristics of the terrain and the existing pipeline system, advices on modification works have been proposed which would meet the demand of sustainable development of Chongqing drainage system.

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Gaterell, Mark. "The art of John Martin's London sewerage system." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering History and Heritage 165, no. 1 (February 2012): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ehah.2012.165.1.3.

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Tomczak, Elwira, and Aleksandra Zielińska. "Example of sewerage system rehabilitation using trenchless technology." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 24, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2017-0027.

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Abstract The sewerage network in Poland, built in the early 20th century, has been losing its original water-tightness and flow capacity. To bring these characteristics back, rehabilitation works are performed. The initial capacity of sewers can be restored without affecting the urban environment thanks to the trenchless technology. The sewer subjected to rehabilitation receives a new internal leakproof layer capable of preventing groundwater infiltration as well as sewage leaks, which can contaminate the environment. This paper intends to compare the trenchless technology with traditional open cut trench excavation. In the study, two variants of trenchless rehabilitation were considered: one performed with the help of GRP panels and the other using cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining. Flow velocities and flow rates in the sewers before and after rehabilitation were compared. Also, selected economic and environmental aspects of sewer rehabilitation methods were examined.

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Cai, Xiatong, Hamidreza Shirkhani, and Abdolmajid Mohammadian. "Risk-Informed Framework for Sewerage System Rehabilitation Management." Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 12, no. 2 (May 2021): 04020075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ps.1949-1204.0000525.

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TONARI, Soichi. "System Technologies for Urban Drainage in Sewerage Facilities." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 112, no. 1084 (2009): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.112.1084_184.

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Heuer, J. J. M. B., and H. J. Kaskens. "Prevention of Concrete Corrosion and Odour Annoyance with Biofiltration." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1993): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0500.

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In many Dutch sewerage systems the sewage is pumped from small villages through pipelines to larger cities. These pressurized pipelines often end up in the pump sump of another pumping-station or in another sewerage system which transports the sewage under atmospheric conditions to the waste water treatment installation. When the waste water in these pipelines stays stationary for a longer period often sulphurous compounds are formed. At the downstream end of the pipeline, where the sewerage system meets atmospheric, aerobic circumstances, the hydrogen sulphide can be converted into sulphuric acid by micro-organisms. The above described process(es) can lead to the following problems:corrosion of concrete caused by sulphuric acid;odour annoyance caused by hydrogen sulphide and other sulphurous compounds. A good solution against concrete corrosion developed by HASKONING consists of stripping the sulphurous compounds out of the sewage and eliminating them. The most economic way to eliminate H2S is the use of a biological filter. Measurements carried out at a pump sump show that this type of filter is highly effective in eliminating H2S. Nevertheless, the installed biofilter did not completely avoid odour annoyance. Therefore the outcoming air after the biofilter was led back into the sewerage system. No complaints occurred anymore.

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van Mameren, H. J., and J. Zuidervliet. "Improved Overflow in a Sewerage System as a Pollutant Load-Reducing Device." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1990): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0303.

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The applicability of improved overflows in sewerage systems in the Netherlands have been investigated within the framework of the Dutch Research Programme of the National Working Group on Sewerage and Water Quality (NWRW). As a result of the first part of the investigation, a high-side-weir chamber was built in IJsselmonde-Dorp in the municipality of Rotterdam to test this design under field conditions. Between May 1987 and September 1988, 18 storm events were monitored and samples extracted for analyses. The overall efficiency of the high-side-weir chamber was measured to be about 27% for COD, and 20% for total filtrable residue. Thus it is concluded that improved overflows, such as a high-side-weir chamber, have practical application under conditions as prevail in the Netherlands, namely flat terrain and multiple connected sewerage systems. This type of structure is a good choice for places where space is limited and finance is a major consideration.

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Rybka, I., E. Bondar-Nowakowska, and M. Połoński. "Causes and Effects of Adverse Events During Water Supply and Sewerage System Constructions." Archives of Civil Engineering 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2015-0059.

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Abstract This paper identifies the adverse events occurring during the execution of water supply and sewerage systems construction. The basis for this paper is research conducted in 2010-2014 on the construction sites of water supply and sewerage systems located in the provinces of Lower Silesia and Opole. The research consisted of direct observations of construction sites and review of construction documentation. It showed that work stoppages on the examined construction sites were frequent. They were caused by violations of work discipline by the production employees, adverse weather conditions, and defects in the project documentation. The study demonstrated that in almost every case, these bad an adverse effect on the completion date and budget of the investment. The analyses show that in such important and expensive investments as water supply and sewerage systems, organizational structures in which a special role is assigned to middle-rank personnel should be adopted.

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Chabal, Lukas, and Stefan Stanko. "Sewerage Pumping Station Optimization Under Real Conditions." GeoScience Engineering 60, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2015-0003.

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AbstractConstruction of a sewer system on a flat area is characterized by a large number of pumping stations (PS), which implies the probability of occurrence of technical problems and increases operational costs. The article focuses on drainage methods for municipalities situated on a flat area where it is necessary to build up a large number of pumping stations. Problems occur in case of multiple serial, parallel or combined connections of PSs. Energy costs can outweigh other costs, especially if the PS runs more than 2000 hours per year (Wilson et al., 2010). It has been shown that there is a large technical and economic potential for energy savings in sewage pumping. The pumping of waste waters in Slovakia is mostly based on the START-STOP method. This means that the pumps operate at all times at full power. In practice, we can also meet with oversizing of pumps. These and other facts lead to increased power consumption.Also rainwater infiltration and “black” stormwater connections belong to significant present problems in sewer system operation. Large amounts of storm water in a sewerage PS lead to increasing intensity of wastewater pumping, which is reflected in increasing operational costs.Optimization of such sewer system is based on mathematical modelling and was implemented in the “Ivanka pri Dunaji” municipality, close to Bratislava - the capital of Slovakia where the above mentioned problems in wastewater discharge cause considerable operating costs and inefficient performance of the system as a whole for a long time. Due to the enormous houses development, the system is inadequately loaded by rain waters as well. Also poor discipline of property owners contributes to the inauspicious situation to a great extent. Despite a ban of connections, paved areas are drained into the sewage system very often. The identification of such connections is very problematic with regard to ownership rights. Rain waters in sewages can degrade the quality of wastewaters, increase operating costs of pumping and reduce system life cycle. It was demonstrated by mathematical modelling that with the use of information technologies, it is possible to make the existing sewerage systems more effective or propose a new system of pumping and discharging waste waters.

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Dauphin, S., C. Joannis, A. Deguin, G. Bridoux, G. Ruban, and M. Aumond. "Influent flow control to increase the pollution load treated during rainy periods." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 12 (June 1, 1998): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0522.

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The European Directive of May 1991 concerning urban wastewater treatment points out that sewerage systems must be designed to limit the pollution of receiving watercourses by stormwater discharges. As for the system management, the French Decree of 22 December 1995 states that flows or pollution loads exceeding the reference capacity of the treatment plant may be temporarily admitted. This is especially interesting in the case of separate wastewater sewerage, as inappropriate connections of runoff water and rainfall induced infiltration cause hydraulic overloads in such networks. An automated influent flow control has been implemented on a 8000 population equivalent plant to admit a maximum of twice the dry weather peak flow: the clarifier is then dynamically managed so that neither sludge loss nor degradation through anoxic conditions may occur. A yearly simulation of such a strategy on a smaller treatment plant shows a very significant reduction (90%) of the volume discharged during rainy periods. It can therefore be concluded that a plant with additional hydraulic capacity and good sludge quality can play a significant role in limiting the stormwater discharges from separate sewerage systems. However this operational benefit depends on the inflow composition in the sewerage system (wastewaters, rain and infiltration waters).

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Ashley, R. M., S. J. Tait, E. Styan, A. Cashman, B. Luck, J. Blanksby, A. Saul, and L. Sandlands. "Sewer system design moving into the 21st century – a UK perspective." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.118.

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Change in external factors, such as environmental legislation and climate change, will mean the future of sewerage systems is likely to be different from the past. Combined sewerage systems comprise the vast majority of existing sewers in countries such as the UK. A study funded by UK Water Industry Research Ltd has reviewed the current state of sewerage within the UK, the likely drivers for change and the consequent future impacts over a 75 year timescale. Potential responses to address the anticipated changes have also been considered. It is concluded that due to the wide extent and value of existing sewer systems, these will continue to be used for the foreseeable future. However, in order to meet the major challenges as a result of changing external factors, these need to be operated more effectively, new ideas need to be explored and moves to develop better and more integrated water management systems need to be started if sewer systems in the UK are to provide the anticipated required levels of service well into the 21st Century.

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Nakanishi, Junko, Mikio Ishiwatari, and Masakazu Ichimura. "Capability of On-Site Sewage Treatment System in Japan: Case Study in the Tokyo Suburb of Nagareyama City." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 10-12 (May 1, 1991): 1835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0639.

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The capability of an on-site sewage treatment system was examined in Nagareyama, a suburb of Metropolitan Tokyo, with the multi-objective optimization method. The total cost, local expense, drinking water quality, stream water quality and speed of sewerage service were considered and the relative weight of each evaluated by interviews with 44 citizens. In the optimal sewerage plan, about half of the planning area was concluded to be suitable for onsite treatment systems. The idea presented here is expected to be useful for other countries especially for developing ones.

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Sommer, T., C. Karpf, N. Ettrich, D. Haase, T. Weichel, J. V. Peetz, B. Steckel, K. Eulitz, and K. Ullrich. "Coupled modelling of subsurface water flux for an integrated flood risk management." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 4 (July 29, 2009): 1277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1277-2009.

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Abstract. Flood events cause significant damage not only on the surface but also underground. Infiltration of surface water into soil, flooding through the urban sewer system and, in consequence, rising groundwater are the main causes of subsurface damage. The modelling of flooding events is an important part of flood risk assessment. The processes of subsurface discharge of infiltrated water necessitate coupled modelling tools of both, surface and subsurface water fluxes. Therefore, codes for surface flooding, for discharge in the sewerage system and for groundwater flow were coupled with each other. A coupling software was used to amalgamate the individual programs in terms of mapping between the different model geometries, time synchronization and data exchange. The coupling of the models was realized on two scales in the Saxon capital of Dresden (Germany). As a result of the coupled modelling it could be shown that surface flooding dominates processes of any flood event. Compared to flood simulations without coupled modelling no substantial changes of the surface inundation area could be determined. Regarding sewerage, the comparison between the influx of groundwater into sewerage and the loading due to infiltration by flood water showed infiltration of surface flood water to be the main reason for sewerage overloading. Concurrent rainfalls can intensify the problem. The infiltration of the sewerage system by rising groundwater contributes only marginally to the loading of the sewerage and the distribution of water by sewerage has only local impacts on groundwater rise. However, the localization of risk areas due to rising groundwater requires the consideration of all components of the subsurface water fluxes. The coupled modelling has shown that high groundwater levels are the result of a multi-causal process that occurs before and during the flood event.

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Arthur, Scott, Helen Crow, and Naoum Karikas. "Including public perception data in the evaluation of the consequences of sewerage derived urban flooding." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 1 (July 1, 2009): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.334.

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This text reports research which was undertaken to assess the failure consequences associated with sewerage systems. In an effort to move away from considering only flood volume, depth or extent, the text will focus on how a survey of public opinion was used to inform the development of a consequence scoring methodology. The failure consequences considered range from internal flooding of properties, to road closure, environmental damage and odour problems. The text reports the extent to which experience of flooding influences perceptions of failure consequence and sewerage system management. It is also outlined how this data was used, along with other data sources, to construct an objective scoring process that can be used to evaluate failure consequence and readily prioritise sewerage maintenance.

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Brown, V., D. W. Jackson, and M. Khalifé. "2009 Melbourne metropolitan sewerage strategy: a portfolio of decentralised and on-site concept designs." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 3 (August 1, 2010): 510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.296.

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The bulk and retail water companies of the greater Melbourne area are developing the 2009 Metropolitan Sewerage Strategy to provide sustainable sewerage services to 2060. The objective of the strategy is to establish long term principles and near term actions to produce a robust sewage management system for Melbourne. Melbourne's existing sewerage system is largely centralised and discharges to two major treatment plants. Several small satellite treatment plants service local urban areas generally more distant from the centralised system. Decentralised and on-site wastewater systems are options for future sewage management and could play a role in local recycling. A portfolio of 18 on-site and decentralised concept designs was developed, applicable to the full range of urban development types in Melbourne. The concepts can be used in evaluation of metropolitan system configurations as part of future integrated water cycle planning. The options included secondary and tertiary treatment systems incorporating re-use of water for non potable uses, urine separation, black and greywater separation and composting toilets. On-site and cluster treatment systems were analysed. Each option is described by its indicative capital and operating costs, energy use and water and nutrient balances. This paper summarises and compares the portfolio mix of decentralized and on-site options in Melbourne's context.

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Han, Mideok, Bae Kyung Park, Ji Hyoung Park, Yong Seok Kim, and Doug Hee Rhew. "Introduction of the Basin Sewerage Plan in Japan through Case Studies of the Lake Biwa Sewerage System." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 37, no. 9 (September 30, 2015): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2015.37.9.533.

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Delo, E. A., and R. B. B. Kellagher. "An Integrated Modelling Study to Upgrade the Sewerage System of a Coastal Town." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 12 (June 1, 1992): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0338.

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Two complementary methods for the design of storage capacity in an upgraded sewerage system in relation to compliance with the Bathing Water Directive are described. A ten year record of hourly rainfall depths was analysed to give the daily maximum depth of rainfall for durations of 1 h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h and 12h. The rainfall events that exceeded the five year design storm were removed. The first method comprised selecting the largest of the second worst storms in each of the ten years and using those as design storms to compute the storage volume required for the upgraded sewerage system. The second produced an analysis of the probability of compliance against storage volume in the upgraded sewerage system. This involved consideration of the probability of an overflow event occurring on a sampling day, statistical analysis of the daily maximum depths of rainfall, and the determination of rainfall depths and durations for a range of storage volumes. The probabilistic method was considered to provide a useful aid to decision makers.

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SHUVALOV, Mikhail V. "STRUCTURE TOPOLOGICAL MODEL OF SEWAGE SYSTEMS SETTLEMENT AND ITS FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION." Urban construction and architecture 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2019.01.11.

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A topological model of the structure of the technical system of sewage settlement, which is displayed using graphs, is proposed. The functional description of the settlement technical system is verbally executed and reflects a multilevel hierarchy of sewer system functions. The proposed topological model of a technical system and its functional description allow the analysis of the real sewerage system of a settlement and modeling to solve its modernization problems and determine the direction of its prospective development, taking into account the many internal and external factors and relations with the surrounding knowledge space and technology complexes. The factors influencing the improvement of all complexes of the settlement sewerage system, as well as the choice of technological solutions at the stage of architectural and construction design of these technical systems are described in detail.

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Taketani, Shuhei. "Basic Energy Plan “Smart Plan 2014” for sewerage system." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2015, no. 2 (January 1, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864715819558839.

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Touny, Mohamed, Mohamed Abd El Hakim, and Hisham El Etribi. "Peak Factors for Sewerage System in Upper Egypt Communities." Bulletin of the Faculty of Engineering. Mansoura University 45, no. 1 (May 14, 2020): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2020.89178.

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Zhang, Jie, Xiang-Sheng Cao, and Xue-Zheng Meng. "Sustainable urban sewerage system and its application in China." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 51, no. 2 (August 2007): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.10.001.

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Sukor, Nurshuhada Abd, Zakri Tarmidi, Noordyana Hassan, Nurul Hana Adi Maimun, Noorsidi Aizuddin Mat Nor, Nurul Syakima Mohd Yusoff, and C. Y. Nik Norasma. "Mapping of utilities risk for sewerage system asset management." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 169 (July 31, 2018): 012085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/169/1/012085.

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Nowicka, Anna, Marcin Zieliński, Marcin Dębowski, and Magda Dudek. "REDUCING ODOR NUISANCE PRESSURE SEWERAGE SYSTEM USING FENTON'S REAGENT." Inżynieria Ekologiczna, no. 48 (2016): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/23920629/63260.

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Mysan, Shahina M., and A. Ranasinghe. "Design of Sewerage System in Kirulapone for Colombo Municipality." Engineer: Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka 47, no. 4 (October 27, 2014): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/engineer.v47i4.6887.

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Ning, Yun-Fang, Wen-Yi Dong, Lu-Sheng Lin, and Qian Zhang. "Current research trend on urban sewerage system in China." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 59 (March 2017): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/59/1/012048.

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Cigler, Otakar, Karel Kubečka, and Petr Waldstein. "Quality Control and Testing of CIPP Liners." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 1549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.1549.

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The construction and rehabilitation of buildings and structures are intervention in the environment of people. Therefore, we are always looking for new technologies that are not only environmentally friendly but also acceptable from the point of view. Speed, flexibility, minimum limit for residents and transport, and also a high efficiency is the reason why more and more in recent years carried out the rehabilitation of sewerage using remediation sleeves. One of the systems of trenchless rehabilitation of sewerage systems used in Western Europe is a system company RELINEEUROPE Alphaliner Liner GmBH & co., the company's Technicians have developed one of the most important practices in the area of trenchless rehabilitation of sewerage systems. A large proportion of the development also has operators and owners of the pipeline. Technology offers very high quality of carried out restorations. This article describes the procedures for ensuring the quality of the used in Germany, which is a world leader in the development, production and use of this technology.

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Pochwat, Kamil. "The use of artificial neural networks for analyzing the sensitivity of a retention tank." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500066.

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Designing retention facilities is a complex engineering process that requires the collection of the detailed hydrological data of a catchment and hydraulic sewerage system. The acquired data are necessary to prepare a model of the retention tank in appropriate software for hydrodynamic modelling. The article shows the results of tests concerning the analysis of the sensitivity of a sewerage model of a rainwater retention tank which may be implemented in this software. The results of tests allowed determining the impact of the individual hydraulic characteristics of the catchment and the sewerage system on the required retention capacity of a tank. A planned analysis is performed based on artificial neural networks and the required data are acquired by hydrodynamic simulations in SWMM 5.1.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sewerage system'

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