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Journal articles on the topic 'Sex discrimination in education – Congresses'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

Eckes, Suzanne. "Sex Discrimination in Schools: The Law and Its Impact on School Policies." Laws 10, no. 2 (2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws10020034.

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The law has the potential to influence school policy in the United States. Specifically, statutes, constitutional provisions, and the outcomes of court cases can impact the civil rights of students, which, in turn, can presumably lead to policies that prohibit discriminatory practices. For example, Congress has enacted federal laws (statutes) that prohibit discrimination based on race, sex, and disability; these laws arguably impact school practice. After setting the legal context, through an analysis of statutes, constitutional provisions and case law, this article examines how law has the po
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2

Harvey, Anna L. "Women, Policy, and Party, 1920–1970: A Rational Choice Approach." Studies in American Political Development 11, no. 2 (1997): 292–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x0000167x.

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The 1970s saw a dramatic increase in the success rate of U.S. women's organizations pursuing congressional support of legislation designed to remove barriers to the progress of women in economic, political, and social arenas. While women's organizations, including both older organizations such as the National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs (NFBPWC) and newer organizations such as the National Organization for Women (NOW), had lobbied Congress before 1970, that year saw their first major lobbying success. House passage of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in 1970 was follo
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3

Ning, Nan. "Sex Discrimination in Education." Chinese Education 25, no. 1 (1992): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ced1061-1932250144.

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4

O'Reilly, Patricia, and Kathryn Borman. "Sexism and sex discrimination in education." Theory Into Practice 26, sup1 (1986): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405848709543317.

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5

Sawyer, Thomas H., and Tonya L. Sawyer. "Sex Discrimination Title IX." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 94, no. 7 (2023): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2023.2237373.

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6

Alessa, Amani Saleh. "Sex Discrimination within Kuwaiti Laws. Part 2." Arab Law Quarterly 24, no. 3 (2010): 225–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157302510x504962.

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AbstractThis article focuses on several different issues of discrimination against women. While some such discriminatory issues are based on law, others are in fact based on just a matter of practice. Interestingly enough, some of the sex discrimination issues actually dispute the Shari‘a. One example can be found in education. The Shari‘a encourages education for both sexes while, historically, women have been denied education. The importance of mentioning the Shari‘a here is that, while Kuwait claims that it is an Islamic country and devoted to the Shari‘a, especially when it comes to women,
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7

Grunig, Larissa A. "Sex Discrimination in Promotion and Tenure in Journalism Education." Journalism Quarterly 66, no. 1 (1989): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769908906600112.

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8

Murphy, Stephanie. "Title IX: The Transformation of Sex Discrimination in Education." Journal of Sport History 47, no. 1 (2020): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.47.1.0081.

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9

Bježančević, Sanja. "The Grounds and more serious forms of discrimination in Croatia." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci 42, no. 1 (2021): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.42.1.2.

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Although the legislative framework for protection against discrimination in Croatia covers a considerable number of grounds and could be described as satisfactory, discrimination in society is present to a greater extent than that registered in complaints received by the Office of the Ombudswoman. Different treatment of a person or persons may involve several different legally protected grounds, resulting in a more serious form of discrimination defined under the Anti-Discrimination Act as multiple discrimination. The concept of multiple discrimination is very complex and multi-layered. Thus,
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10

Bježančević, Sanja. "The Grounds and more serious forms of discrimination in Croatia." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci 42, no. 1 (2021): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.42.1.2.

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Although the legislative framework for protection against discrimination in Croatia covers a considerable number of grounds and could be described as satisfactory, discrimination in society is present to a greater extent than that registered in complaints received by the Office of the Ombudswoman. Different treatment of a person or persons may involve several different legally protected grounds, resulting in a more serious form of discrimination defined under the Anti-Discrimination Act as multiple discrimination. The concept of multiple discrimination is very complex and multi-layered. Thus,
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11

Lv, Xinlin, Zaixin Tian, and Zifei Zhou. "The Impact of Adolescent Sex Education on LGBT Identity." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4317.

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LGBT inequalities and discrimination were observed in more and more middle schools, and as research continues through scientific studies, the rate of them happening has been surprisingly increasing over the past few years. This phenomenon has to be stopped. In a long turn wrong, the students who had been discriminated against would have serious mental health problems, as well as increasing self-pity. The purpose of this research is to make aware of the violation's importance and provoke schools to realize the importance of the LGBT curriculum. This study is completed by surveying people in the
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12

Romano, Robert, and Mackenzie Shanklin. "Consider potential implications of Title IX exemption granted to Baylor University." College Athletics and the Law 21, no. 2 (2024): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/catl.31317.

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Title IX was originally enacted to protect college ­students from sex discrimination in educational programs or activities, including athletics. Specifically, Title IX states that “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.”
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13

Meyer, Elizabeth J., and Andrea Somoza-Norton. "Addressing sex discrimination with Title IX coordinators in the #MeToo era." Phi Delta Kappan 100, no. 2 (2018): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721718803562.

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Title IX coordinators play an essential role in ensuring that schools are free of gender-based harassment and discrimination; however, a recent survey of coordinators in California and Colorado shows that many of them are poorly equipped to do this work. In their study, Elizabeth J. Meyer and Andrea Somoza-Norton found that contact information for Title IX coordinators is often difficult to find, that their job descriptions are too broad and complex, that they receive insufficient training, and that many are unaware of their role in assisting students, especially transgender students. The auth
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14

Romano, Robert, and Mackenzie Shanklin. "Consider potential implications of Title IX exemption granted to Baylor University." Campus Security Report 21, no. 6 (2024): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/casr.31313.

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Title IX was originally enacted to protect college students from sex discrimination in educational programs or activities, including athletics. Specifically, Title IX states that “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” Keep this background information in mind as you read in what follows of a recent development that occurred in the Title IX arena.
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15

Romano, Robert, and Mackenzie Shanklin. "Consider potential implications of Title IX exemption granted to Baylor University." Campus Legal Advisor 24, no. 12 (2024): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cala.41404.

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Title IX was originally enacted to protect college students from sex discrimination in educational programs or activities, including athletics. Specifically, Title IX states that “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” Keep this background information in mind as you read the following about a recent development that occurred in the Title IX arena.
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16

Damanik, Fritz Hotman Syahmahita, and Saliman Saliman. "Exploring a Gender Equality-based Sex Education Model: Case of SMA Harapan Mandiri in Medan, North Sumatra." Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender 18, no. 2 (2023): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/sa.v18i2.19096.

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Gender-based sex education is increasingly crucial in schools, especially high school. Despite various studied models, gender-sensitive sex education remains unexplored. This research aims to identify a gender-sensitive sex education model at SMA Harapan Mandiri Medan, North Sumatra, using a qualitative approach. Data collection involves observation, interviews, and documentation, which is analyzed through reduction, presentation, and NVivo 12 Pro mapping. Results show the successful initiation of a comprehensive sex education model at SMA Harapan Mandiri. The model integrates into the curricu
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17

Swartzman, Leora C., Clive Seligman, and Wlliam J. McClelland. "Detecting Gender Discrimination in University Salaries: A Case Study." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 22, no. 1 (1992): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v22i1.183119.

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To assess sex discrimination in university salary allocation accurately, one must determine whether gender explains the salary difference in and of itself, or exerts its influence through other variables, such as rank and departmental affiliation, that themselves affect salary and may correlate with gender. Using members of the Faculty of Social Science (N = 133) of a large Canadian university as a case sample, we assessed gender discrimination in promotion and gender differences in departmental affiliation as related to salary before including these two variables in statistical analyses predi
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18

Vasiliūnaitė, Emilija, and Akvilė Giniotaitė. "„You are either a boy or a girl – there is no other choice.“ Analysis of the Biological Sex Concept in Biology Textbooks." Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia 50 (August 22, 2023): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/actpaed.2023.50.7.

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Today’s scientific discourse is increasingly criticizing the strict binary concept of biological sex. While science is progressively revealing the complexity of biological sex, the knowledge of biology for many is limited to what is acquired at school. Nonheteronormative, sex-wise atypical people still face isolation, misunderstanding and resulting social and psychological difficulties at school and in society in general. To explore the concept of biological sex presented in biology textbooks, qualitative content analysis was used. The analysis focused on the stages of sex development, the cha
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19

Nehioshon, Johnstune, Buniface Mechirie, and Mkamzie Ndambuki. "Reproductive Health Education on Attitudes About Teenage Girls Premarital Sex." Journal Wetenskap Health 2, no. 2 (2021): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.48173/jwh.v2i2.105.

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Sexual health is described as a condition of total physical, mental, and social well-being in all aspects of sexuality, not only the absence of sickness or impairment. Reproductive rights, on the other hand, are the rights to reach the highest levels of sexual and reproductive health. This includes the freedom to make reproductive choices without fear of discrimination or violence. Complete knowledge, as well as the instillation of religious beliefs and standards, may help to protect children and adolescents from sexual offenses.
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20

Barker, Renae. "The Place of the Child in Recent Australian Debate about Freedom of Religion and Belief." Laws 11, no. 6 (2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws11060083.

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Political and legal debate about freedom of religion and belief (FoRB) in Australia has intensified since the same-sex marriage postal survey in 2017. Central to this debate has been children, their parents and institutions (Schools). This paper outlines the place of children in the Australian FoRB since 2017, focusing on the same-sex marriage postal survey debate and subsequent reviews into FoRB. In particular, it highlights the links drawn between same-sex marriage or marriage equality and the Safe School Coalition Australia campaign, the emphasis on parental rights in relation to education
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21

Gallego-Noche, Beatriz, Cristina Goenechea, Inmaculada Antolínez‐Domínguez, and Concepción Valero‐Franco. "Towards Inclusion in Spanish Higher Education: Understanding the Relationship between Identification and Discrimination." Social Inclusion 9, no. 3 (2021): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i3.4065.

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It is more and more evident that there is diversity among university students, but this diversity encompasses a wide variety of personal characteristics that, on occasion, may be subject to rejection or discrimination. The feeling of inequality is the result of one stand‐alone characteristic or an intersection of many. To widen our knowledge of this diversity and to be able to design actions with an inclusive approach, we have set out to explore the relationship between students’ feelings of discrimination, their group identification and their intersections. Participants for the study are sele
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22

Akhtar, Rajnaara. "OFSTED V AL-HIJRAH, THE CASE OF SEGREGATED SCHOOLS AND SEX DISCRIMINATION." Denning Law Journal 30, no. 1 (2018): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v30i1.1656.

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This case of HM Chief Inspector of Education, Children’s Services and Skills v The Interim Executive Board of Al-Hijrah School was the unfortunate outcome of an Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (Ofsted) inspection which resulted in a cataclysmic breakdown in trust between the government agency and the Birmingham city based Al-Hijrah school. Following an Ofsted inspection carried out under section 5 of the Education Act 2005, the subsequent Report stated that the full segregation of female and male pupils in a mixed-sex school amounted to sex discrimination unde
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23

Stork, Florian. "Comments on the Draft of the New German Private Law Anti-Discrimination Act: Implementing Directives 2000/43/EC and 2004/113/EC in German Private Law." German Law Journal 6, no. 2 (2005): 533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220001378x.

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European Directives impose upon Germany the obligation to incorporate antidiscrimination provisions in its civil law. The anti-discrimination legislation is intended to provide effective civil law remedies against discrimination in everyday life by private persons, e.g. access to housing, restaurants and education. For the purposes of this article, discrimination may generally be defined as any treatment – including a refusal to deal with – by a private party that is less favorable than to another person and is conditioned upon a characteristic such as racial or ethnic origin, sex, etc.
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24

Jones, David A. "Discrimination Against Same-Sex Couples in Hotel Reservation Policies." Journal of Homosexuality 31, no. 1-2 (1996): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j082v31n01_09.

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25

Qiao, Xiao-Feng, Qian Ren, Xin Li, Tong-Li Li, and Redentor S. Mariano. "Analysis of subjective perception and influencing factors of different inclusive education models among prelingually deaf children with a cochlear implant." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 6 (2020): 030006052092985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520929855.

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Objective We aimed to explore the educational outcome and influencing factors of ongoing verbal rehabilitation training together with inclusive education among prelingually deaf children with a cochlear implant. Methods Prelingually deaf children who underwent cochlear implantation, rehabilitation, and had inclusive education placement were randomly divided into two groups: one group received continuous verbal rehabilitation training under inclusive education status; the other group did not receive this training. Speech discrimination scores were determined. Results Among 60 included children,
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26

Parry, Odette. ""We Don't Contravene the Sex Discrimination Act"—female students at journalism school." Gender and Education 2, no. 1 (1990): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0954025900020101.

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27

Reynolds, Celene. "Repurposing Title IX: How Sexual Harassment Became Sex Discrimination in American Higher Education." American Journal of Sociology 128, no. 2 (2022): 462–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/722299.

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28

Rosenberg, Rosalind. "From the witness stand: Previously unpublished testimony in the sex discrimination case against sears." Academic Questions 1, no. 1 (1988): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02682763.

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29

Sumiati, Wina, and Muhamad Nandang Sunandar. "DEDE OETOMO: HIS STRUGGLE AGAINST DISCRIMINATION OF HOMOSEXUALITY FROM 1978 TO 2016." Metahumaniora 14, no. 1 (2024): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/metahumaniora.v14i1.53262.

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Dede Oetomo, born in 1953, is Indonesia’s first LGBT (currently popular with LGBTQ+) activist. He uses the LGBT organisation GAYa NUSANTARA as a vehicle for LGBT to obtain safe sex education, to gain their emancipation in same-sex marriage, and to struggle anti-social and political discrimination. In this research essay, I will explain Oetomo’s struggle from his childhood to adulthood when he struggled for the LGBT emancipation in Indonesia, a Muslim-majority country. I use qualitative method to conduct the research begun with collecting primary sources like old magazines and photos from the G
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30

Rouse, Melvin L. "Promoting Gender-Affirming Care: Challenging Conflation and Embracing Complexity." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10, no. 2 (2023): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23727322231197148.

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Anti-LGBTQ legislation and policies that restrict access to gender-affirming care for gender-diverse youth have been on the rise. These policies, particularly policies that restrict gender-affirming care for trans and gender-diverse youth, are often based on a narrow interpretation of data and oversimplification of the concepts of sex and gender. Quantitative and qualitative public health data show that queer and gender-diverse youth face significant mental health risks, so they need care and treatment options that address their distinct needs. Recognizing the complexities of sex and gender, i
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31

Danylchuk, Karen E. "Occupational Stressors in Physical Education Faculties." Journal of Sport Management 7, no. 1 (1993): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.7.1.7.

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The prevalence of occupational Stressors in physical education faculties/ departments as a function of sex, age, marital status, family status, years of work experience in higher education, and type of appointment was examined through use of the Stress Diagnostic Survey (Ivancevich & Matteson, 1988a). This multidimensional self-report inventory consists of 17 dimensions, which are further subdivided into organizational Stressors (macrostressors) and individual Stressors (microstressors). The sample reported moderate degrees of stress in comparison to the normative data with the macrostress
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32

Nanda, Bijayalaxmi, and Nupur Ray. "Gender Discrimination and Sex-Ratio Imbalance: A Qualitative Analysis." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 4 (2020): 746–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i04.025.

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The article strives to engage with the notion of gender discrimination at birth. It critically examines the various trends in the Sex Ratio at Birth in order to explore the intensification of its masculinization. Gender- biased sex selection or the practice of sex determination followed by sex-selective abortion in India is considered to be the main reason for this masculinization. Decennial Census since 1991 has shed light on this through its child sex ratio data. Other survey data which capture this include the National Family Health Survey. Scholars, policy-makers, demographers and health p
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Lange-Maia, Brittney, Melissa Lamar, Sue Leurgans, Aron Buchman, and Lisa Barnes. "Discrimination and Risk of Incident Disability in Older African Americans." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.998.

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Abstract Discrimination is linked to poor health outcomes, but most studies examine young or midlife populations. We assessed associations between discrimination and disability in African Americans. The Detroit Areas Study Everyday Discrimination Scale quantified experiences of interpersonal mistreatment. Separate Cox-proportional hazards models tested the associations between baseline discrimination and incident mobility, activities of daily living (ADLs), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) disability, adjusting for age, sex, education, BMI, smoking, depressive symptoms, and
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Karin, Marcy, Naomi Cahn, Elizabeth Cooper, Bridget Crawford, Margaret Johnson, and Emily Waldman. "Title IX and "Menstruation or Related Conditions"." Michigan Journal of Gender & Law, no. 30.1 (2023): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36641/mjgl.30.1.title.

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itle IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 (“Title IX”) prohibits sex discrimination in educational programs or activities receiving federal financial assistance. Neither the statute nor its implementing regulations explicitly define “sex” to include discrimination on the basis of menstruation or related conditions such as perimenopause and menopause. This textual absence has caused confusion over whether Title IX must be interpreted to protect students and other community members from all types of sex-based discrimination. It also calls into question the law’s ability to break down syste
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Hines, Laurie Moses. "When Parallel Paths Cross: Competition and the Elimination of Sex Segregation in the Education Fraternities, 1969–1974." History of Education Quarterly 43, no. 2 (2003): 196–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2003.tb00120.x.

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In the late 1960s, the all-male Phi Delta Kappa and the parallel all-female organization, Pi Lambda Theta, faced local and national pressures to abandon their single-sex status and become coeducational. Demands for the sex integration of both fraternities from university students, from educational and women's associations, and from universities responding to governmental censures to eliminate sex discrimination forced Pi Lambda Theta (PLT) and Phi Delta Kappa (PDK) to examine the purpose and organization of single-sex associations in American professional and collegiate life. For Phi Delta Kap
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36

Glover, LáShauntá M., Crystal W. Cené, Alexander Reiner, et al. "Discrimination and Leukocyte Telomere Length by Depressive Symptomatology: The Jackson Heart Study." Healthcare 9, no. 6 (2021): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060639.

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Background: Psychosocial stressors, such as perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms, may shorten telomeres and exacerbate aging-related illnesses. Methods: Participants from the Jackson Heart Study at visit 1 (2000–2004) with LTL data and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scores (n = 580 men, n = 910 women) were utilized. The dimensions of discrimination scores (everyday, lifetime, burden of lifetime, and stress from lifetime discrimination) were standardized and categorized as low, moderate, and high. Coping responses to everyday and lifetime discrimination were c
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Arwan. "A Comparative Review of Sex Education and Medical Interventions in STI Prevention." Journal of Health Literacy and Qualitative Research 3, no. 2 (2023): 99–111. https://doi.org/10.61194/jhlqr.v3i2.546.

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a major global public health concern, particularly among young populations. Comprehensive sex education has been identified as a key strategy for reducing STI incidence, improving awareness, and promoting safe sexual behaviors. This study examines the effectiveness of sex education compared to abstinence-only approaches and public health campaigns, analyzing its role in behavioral change and stigma reduction. A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature from major academic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, was conducted. T
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Dos Santos, Luis Miguel. "Stress, Challenges, Discrimination and Sense-Making Processes of Gay University Students: The Social Stigma Approach." Journal of Educational and Social Research 12, no. 4 (2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2022-0093.

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On 24th May 2019, the same-sex marriage law took effect, which allowed same-sex couples to marry in Taiwan. About two years after the same-sex marriage law took effect in the community, only a few studies focused on the stress, challenges, discrimination, and sense-making processes of sexual minorities in Taiwan, particularly in the rural communities. Based on the social stigma theory and case study methodology, the researcher collected qualitative data from 16 gay university students who are currently enrolled at one of the Taiwanese universities in rural communities. The results indicated th
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Weitzman, Abigail. "The Sex of Firstborn Children and Intimate Partner Violence in India." Violence Against Women 26, no. 6-7 (2019): 590–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219833823.

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This article investigates the effects of firstborn sex on intimate partner violence (IPV) in India, taking into account heterogeneity across state sex ratios and maternal education. In states with masculine sex ratios of first births, firstborn daughters are found to elevate the risk and severity of IPV. The effects of firstborn daughters on sexual IPV are particularly pronounced among uneducated women in these states. These findings suggest that amid son preference at low birth orders, the sex of firstborn children can contribute to violence against mothers, providing new insights into the ho
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40

Underwood, Julie. "Under the Law: The education legacy of Justice John Paul Stevens." Phi Delta Kappan 101, no. 2 (2019): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721719879160.

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Julie Underwood reflects on the legacy of retired Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens after his death in July 2019. During his 35-year term, he served on the court through various ideological configurations — liberal, conservative, and split. As such, he may be remembered for both dissents and majority opinions in numerous areas related to education, particularly in the areas of separation of church and state, desegregation, sex discrimination, and student rights.
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41

Gray, Mary W. "The Halls of Ivy and the Halls of Justice: Resisting Sex Discrimination against Faculty Women." Academe 71, no. 5 (1985): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40249490.

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42

SHAW, BEVERLEY. "Sexual Discrimination and the Equal Opportunities Commission: ought schools to eradicate sex stereotyping?" Journal of Philosophy of Education 23, no. 2 (1989): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.1989.tb00214.x.

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43

Madhukullya, Samikshya, Anwesha Hazarika, and Anurag Hazarika. "SAFEGUARDING THE EDUCATION RIGHTS OF CHILDREN OF SEXUAL WORKERS: A GENERAL REVIEW." SPECTRUM Journal of Social Science 1, no. 3 (2024): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.61552/sjss.2024.03.001.

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A fundamental human right, the right to an education is one that many nations deny to the offspring of sex workers. This abstract examines the difficulties these disadvantaged kids experience in getting access to a high-quality education and emphasizes how crucial it is to take into account their particular requirements. It talks about the prejudice and discrimination they experience, the absence of government assistance, and the socio cultural barriers that continue to keep them out of schools. It also highlights the need for specialized educational initiatives and regulations that guarantee
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44

Machado, Amanda Viana, Lidyane V. Camelo, Dora Chor, et al. "Racial inequality, racial discrimination and obesity incidence in adults from the ELSA-Brasil cohort." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 75, no. 7 (2021): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214740.

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BackgroundThis study investigated whether self-reported race/skin colour and perceived racial discrimination predict higher obesity incidence after approximately 4-year follow-up of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). We also investigated whether these associations are modified by educational level.MethodsFollowing exclusion of individuals defined as obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) at baseline, associations between race/skin colour and obesity incidence between the first (2008–2010) and second (2012–2014) visits were investigated in 10 130 participants. Next, asso
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Bano, Naaz. "A study on Awareness of Gender Discrimination Among the prospective teachers." Edumania-An International Multidisciplinary Journal 3, no. 2 (2025): 232–41. https://doi.org/10.59231/edumania/9128.

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Gender discrimination is the unfair treatment of someone based on their gender, gender identity, or gender expression. This can manifest in various forms including sexism (bias against people based on sex), misogyny (hatred or disdain towards women), patriarchy (social system favoring men’s power and privilege), trans phobia (discrimination against transgender or non-binary individuals), Intersectional discrimination based on multiple identities (e.g. gender, race, class), workplace discrimination and education discrimination (unequal access resources opportunities) Teacher education has passe
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Karapetian, A. R. "The right to education and positive discrimination: a constitutional and legal analysis." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 79 (2023): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.79.1.24.

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The article reveals the peculiarities of the constitutional and legal consolidation of positive discrimination in the field of education in foreign countries and in Ukraine. It is established that: 1) positive discrimination in the field of higher education is prohibited in the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, and Slovakia; 2) positive discrimination based on race in university admissions is prohibited in the USA; 3) positive discrimination is allowed and applied: in Canada to representatives of the indigenous population (indigenous peoples) when entering a university and when receiving specia
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Karapetian, A. "The right to education and positive discrimination: a constitutional and legal analysis." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 79 (2023): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.79.2.66.

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The article reveals the peculiarities of the constitutional and legal consolidation of positive discrimination in the field of education in foreign countries and in Ukraine. It is established that: 1) positive discrimination in the field of higher education is prohibited in the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, and Slovakia; 2) positive discrimination based on race in university admissions is prohibited in the USA; 3) positive discrimination is allowed and applied: in Canada to representatives of the indigenous population (indigenous peoples) when entering a university and when receiving specia
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Ribeiro, B., P. Ribeiro, and R. Bedin. "Sex Education in Brazil: A Proposal for Education and Research - Body, Gender and Sexuality in the Process of Self-Knowledge and the Construction of an Active Citizenship." Klinička psihologija 9, no. 1 (2016): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.21465/2016-kp-p-0040.

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Objective: Developing proposals of sex education in school. Brazil has vast and qualified bibliography resulting from research carried out by diligent researchers, mostly from research groups from universities in the country. Sex education is an important space for the realization of concrete proposals for actions that combats discrimination, prejudice and sexual violence, both symbolic as real, and that the insertion of issues of diversity and gender in teacher education in sex education will enable its success and its wide reach. Design and Method: The proposal that guides the development of
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Richman, Laura Smart, and Mark L. Hatzenbuehler. "A Multilevel Analysis of Stigma and Health." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1, no. 1 (2014): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732214548862.

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This article reviews research on stigma and discrimination—at both the interpersonal and societal levels—faced by disadvantaged groups. Research on interpersonal discrimination primarily concerns discrimination that is perceived and directly experienced (e.g., discrimination in employment and health care), whereas research on societal discrimination focuses on broad societal factors (e.g., institutional policies, social attitudes). We review evidence across numerous fields of study that rely on several types of research designs, which indicate that both forms of stigma and discrimination demon
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Gorge, Kenny M. "Risk Factors for Men Who Have Sex with Men." Science Insights 40, no. 4 (2022): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re036.

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It is typical for men who have sex with men (MSM) to have several sexual partners, unstable partners, unprotected sex, or intersex relationships, all of which increase the risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus. As a result of their behavior and close connection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, MSM individuals have been subjected to a barrage of interrogations, condemnations, and discrimination. Study and analysis of the risk factors of MSMs will not only assist in correctly knowing and comprehending the community, but also aid in the provision of health education, sickness pre
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