Journal articles: 'Sex instruction for gay men'

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Sallabank, Gregory, Rob Stephenson, Monica Gandhi, Leland Merrill, and Akshay Sharma. "Lessons Learned From the Implementation of a Pilot Study on Self-collected Specimen Return by Sexual Minority Men (Project Caboodle!): Qualitative Exploration." JMIR Formative Research 7 (April 6, 2023): e43539. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/43539.

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Background Self-collection of specimens at home and their return by mail might help reduce some of the barriers to HIV and bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening encountered by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). To evaluate the benefits and challenges of bringing this approach to scale, researchers are increasingly requesting GBMSM to return self-collected specimens as part of web-based sexual health studies. Testing self-collected hair samples for preexposure prophylaxis drug levels may also be a viable option to identify GBMSM who face adherence difficulties and offer them support. Objective Project Caboodle! sought to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of self-collecting at home and returning by mail 5 specimens (a finger-stick blood sample, a pharyngeal swab, a rectal swab, a urine specimen, and a hair sample) among 100 sexually active GBMSM in the United States aged between 18 and 34 years. In this manuscript, we aimed to describe the key lessons learned from our study’s implementation and to present recommendations offered by participants to maximize the rates of self-collected specimen return. Methods Following the specimen self-collection phase, a subset of 25 participants (11 who returned all 5 specimens, 4 who returned between 1 and 4 specimens, and 10 who did not return any specimens) was selected for in-depth interviews conducted via a videoconferencing platform. During the session, a semistructured interview guide was used to discuss the factors influencing decisions regarding returning self-collected specimens for laboratory processing. The transcripts were analyzed using template analysis. Results University branding of web-based and physical materials instilled a sense of trust in participants and increased their confidence in the test results. Shipping the specimen self-collection box in plain unmarked packaging promoted discretion during transit and on its receipt. Using different colored bags with matching color-coded instructions to self-collect each type of specimen minimized the potential for confusion. Participants recommended including prerecorded instructional videos to supplement the written instructions, providing information on the importance of triple-site bacterial STI testing, and adding a reminder of the types of testing that would and would not be conducted on hair samples. Participants also suggested tailoring the specimen self-collection box to include only the tests that they might be interested in completing at that time, adding real-time videoconferencing to the beginning of the study to introduce the research team, and sending personalized reminders following the delivery of the specimen self-collection box. Conclusions Our results offer valuable insights into aspects that facilitated participant engagement in self-collected specimen return, as well as areas for potential improvement to maximize return rates. Our findings can help guide the design of future large-scale studies and public health programs for home-based HIV, bacterial STI, and preexposure prophylaxis adherence testing. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/13647

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Vansintejan, Johan, Jan Vandevoorde, and Dirk Devroey. "The GAy MEn Sex StudieS: Anodyspareunia Among Belgian Gay Men." Sexual Medicine 1, no. 2 (December 2013): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sm2.6.

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de Zwart, Onno, Marty P. N. van Kerkhof, and Theo G. M. Sandfort. "Anal Sex and Gay Men." Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality 10, no. 3-4 (August 19, 1998): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j056v10n03_07.

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Ekstrand, Maria, Ron Stall, Susan Kegeles, Robert Hays, Michael DeMayo, and Thomas Coates. "Safer sex among gay men." AIDS 7, no. 2 (February 1993): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199302000-00020.

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Kus, Robert J. "Sex, AIDS, and gay American men." Holistic Nursing Practice 1, no. 4 (August 1987): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004650-198708000-00007.

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Ekstrand, Maria L. "Safer sex maintenance among gay men." AIDS 6, no. 8 (August 1992): 875–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199208000-00017.

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Davies, Peter M. "Safer sex maintenance among gay men." AIDS 7, no. 2 (February 1993): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199302000-00019.

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Scoats, Ryan, Eric Anderson, and Adam J. White. "Exploring Gay Men’s Threesomes." Journal of Bodies, Sexualities, and Masculinities 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 82–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jbsm.2021.020206.

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Although there is abundant research regarding group sex between men, much of the current literature constructs group sex as homogenous and overlooks the nuance of how and why men engage in particular sexual behaviors. Accordingly, this research expands our understanding of group sex by focusing on a specific type of sex: the threesome. The results demonstrate how perspectives on threesomes may develop over time; at first appearing exciting before becoming relatively normalized and indistinct from dyadic sex. Encounters and exposure are fostered through the sexual opportunities available, in particular, geo-social networking apps. Despite their normalization, threesomes are not necessarily viewed as risk free. Thus, this research offers insight and understanding into how gay men engage in group sex and the contextual factors which make it possible.

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Varga, Attila, Éva Bácsné Bába, Gergely Ráthonyi, and Anetta Müller. "The Attitudes of Pete Program Applicants Towards Information and Communication Technologies." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 13, no. 1-2 (December 20, 2019): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2019/1-2/8.

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As information and communication technology has permeated all aspects of life education cannot be considered an exception either. The schools of the 21st century require the use of the latest digital devices whose effectiveness is greatly determined by the motivation, ICT-related attitude, and the respective competences of teachers managing and directing the given teaching and learning process. Since P.E. also requires the use of information and communication devices it would be crucial that prospective teachers develop a positive attitude toward such equipment. The present research aims at exploring the attitudes of students applying to P.E. teacher programs at the Eszterházy Károly University toward such instruments and approaches. Additional research objectives include the exploration of potential correlation between the sex of the applicants and the respective attitudes. Our inquiry utilized the questionnaire method and the computer-based attitude scale was completed by a sample of 130 applicants in the 2016/2017 and the 2017/2018 academic years. Our research concluded that both men and women maintain a positive attitude toward the use of digital devices, or the tools of information and communication technology. Students representing both sexes consider the computer as a valuable learning device promoting the efficiency of the knowledge acquisition process. Furthermore, a significantly greater proportion of male respondents stated that they were capable of repairing computer problems emerging during use than that of their female counterparts. At the same time men are less apprehensive to use computers during instruction and this attitude appears to be an indispensable requirement for the application of ICT devices in class. The research can contribute to a deeper exploration of the given field along with performing a gap filling function as such examination has not yet been conducted among applicants to P.E. programs provided by higher education institutions in Hungary. JEL Classification: Z2, I23

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Law, Stephen. "What's wrong with gay sex?" Think 2, no. 5 (2003): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147717560000261x.

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Mr Jarvis, a Christian, was asleep in bed, dreaming of the Last Judgement. In his dream, Jarvis found himself seated next to God in a great cloud-swept hall. God had just finished handing down judgement on the drunkards, who were slowly shuffling out of the exit to the left. Angels were now ushering a group of nervous-looking men through the entrance to the right. As the men were assembled before Him, God began to speak.

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Adams, Jeffery, Virginia Braun, and Tim McCreanor. "“Aren’t Labels for Pickle Jars, Not People?” Negotiating Identity and Community in Talk About ‘Being Gay’." American Journal of Men's Health 8, no. 6 (January 9, 2014): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988313518800.

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Understanding how people in any given population think about and experience their sexuality is fundamental to developing and implementing good health policy, research, and practice. Yet despite several decades of focus on sexual identity and HIV risk within health research, gay men as a category are often treated in an uncomplicated way. This article reports on focus group discussions held with 45 gay and other men who have sex with men in New Zealand to identify how they talked about issues of gay identity and gay community/ies. The men negotiated and renegotiated their gay identity and being gay was reported as just one part of most men’s lives. Many men did not like to be labeled as gay and downplayed aspects of their gay identity. Only a few men proclaimed being gay. Men reported very mixed experiences with the gay community/ies. Understanding how men experience being gay, provides information vital to enhancing policy, research and practice responses to gay men’s health issues. A major challenge for health service provision to appropriately engage with men who have sex with other men but resist being labeled as gay was identified.

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Prestage, Garrett, Benjamin Bavinton, Denton Callander, Steven P. Philpot, Iryna Zablotska, Johann Kolstee, Phillip Keen, Jack Bradley, and Fengyi Jin. "Australian gay and bisexual men’s online preferences about sex with HIV-positive partners." Sexual Health 14, no. 3 (2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16191.

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Background Among gay and bisexual men (GBM), ‘serosorting’ is common and involves restricting sex, or at least condomless sex, to partners of the same HIV status. The prevalence of men conveying their serosorting preferences regarding partners they meet online remains unclear. Methods: This study reviewed 57 178 Australian online profiles obtained directly from a popular gay website. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with preferences for meeting HIV-positive partners. Results: Men could indicate their preferences from a list of 22 types of partners; 4358 profiles (7.6%) indicated an interest in meeting HIV-positive men. There were 1959 profiles (3.4%) listing a preference for 21 of the 22 types of men, including 1498 men (2.6%) that specifically excluded HIV-positive men. Men who specifically excluded HIV-positive men on their profiles were younger (mean age 34.7 years), less likely to identify as gay (25.6%) and more likely to always prefer ‘safer sex’ (55.3%) than those who specifically included them (mean age 39.6 years; 62.8% gay-identified; 30.9% preferred safer sex; P < 0.001). Men who specifically excluded HIV-positive partners on their profiles were also more likely to live outside major capital cities (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Being younger, living outside major cities, not identifying as gay, always preferring safer sex and either Caucasian or Asian background were associated with excluding HIV-positive men as potential sex partners. These factors may reflect lower social and community engagement with the gay community. The disinclination to include HIV-positive men as potential sex partners may be due to fear of infection, stigma or poor information about HIV.

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Fan, Song, Peiyang Li, Yuqing Hu, Hui Gong, Maohe Yu, Yi Ding, Zhenzhou Luo, Guohui Wu, Lin Ouyang, and Huachun Zou. "Geosocial Networking Smartphone App Use and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Attending University in China: Cross-sectional Study." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 8, no. 3 (March 28, 2022): e31033. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31033.

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Background Gay apps are smartphone-based geosocial networking apps where many men who have sex with men (MSM) socialize and seek sex partners. Existing studies showed that gay app use is associated with greater odds of high-risk sexual behaviors and potentially more HIV infections. However, little is known about this behavior among young MSM. Objective We conducted this study to understand gay app use and its influencing factors among MSM attending university in China. Methods From January to March 2019, participants were recruited from 4 regions with large populations of college students in China: Chongqing, Guangdong, Shandong, and Tianjin. The eligibility criteria were MSM aged 16 years or older, self-identified as a university student, and being HIV negative. A self-administered online structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic information, sexual behaviors, gay app use, substance use, and HIV testing history. We performed multivariable log-binomial regression to assess correlates of seeking sex partners via gay apps. Results A total of 447 MSM attending university with an average age of 20.4 (SD 1.5) years were recruited. Almost all participants (439/447, 98.2%) reported gay app use at some point in their life, and 240/439 (53.7%) reported ever seeking sex partners via gay apps. Blued (428/439, 97.5%) was the most popular gay app. Higher proportions of sexual risk behaviors (including seeking sex partners via apps [P<.001], engaging in group sex [P<.001], having multiple sex partners [P<.001], unawareness of sex partners’ HIV status [P<.001], and using recreational drugs during sex [P<.02]) were positively associated with the increase in the frequency of gay app use. In multivariable analysis, participants who used gay apps to seek sex partners might be more likely to have multiple sex partners in the past 3 months (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] 1.53, 95% CI 1.33-1.76; P<.001), engage in group sex in the past 3 months (APR 1.55, 95% CI 1.35-1.78; P<.001), and have sex partners with unknown or positive HIV status (APR 1.72, 95% CI 1.46-2.01; P<.001). Conclusions Seeking sex partners via gay apps may associate with the increased high-risk sexual behaviors among MSM attending university. The causality between seeking sex partners via gay apps and increased high-risk sexual behaviors should be further investigated so as to inform potential policies for HIV prevention. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900020645; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=34741

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Smith, Anthony M. A., Jeffrey W. Grierson, and Henry von Doussa. "Gay men's sex venues, the men who use them, and gay community perceptions: insights from a convenience sample of gay men attending a community festival in Melbourne." Sexual Health 7, no. 2 (2010): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh09055.

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Background: Despite being understood as sites for the potential spread of sexually transmissible infections, we know remarkably little about gay men’s sex venues and how they are perceived in the gay community. The present paper aims to describe community attitudes to sex venues and towards the gay men who use them. Methods: Self-administered questionnaire at a gay community social event. Results: Men who use gay men’s sex venues differ from non-users in relation to their age, the number of casual sexual partners they have, their openness about their sexuality and their comfort with sexualised spaces. Also, not all venues are equal and appear to attract diverse clienteles with particular characteristics. Conclusion: Differentiation among gay men’s sex venues and the men who use them may offer opportunities for targeting interventions for sexual health promotion.

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Dibble, Kate E., Stefan D. Baral, Matthew R. Beymer, Shauna Stahlman, Carrie E. Lyons, Oluwasolape Olawore, Cheikh Ndour, et al. "Stigma and healthcare access among men who have sex with men and transgender women who have sex with men in Senegal." SAGE Open Medicine 10 (January 2022): 205031212110692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211069276.

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Objectives: Cisgender gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women experience HIV incidence disparities in Senegal. These analyses determined how depression and different stigma mechanisms related to sexual behavior are associated with healthcare access, sexually transmitted infection testing, and HIV testing among cisgender gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women across three cities in western Senegal. Methods: Logistic regression assessed the relationship of three stigma scales (stigma from family and friends, anticipated healthcare stigma, and general social stigma) and depression with these outcomes. Results: Depression and stigma were not associated with healthcare access, sexually transmitted infection testing, or HIV testing. However, individuals who had disclosed their sexual identity to a medical provider were more likely to test for HIV. Conclusions: Sexual behavior stigma experienced by cisgender gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and trans women in Senegal may not limit access to routine healthcare, but may limit disclosure of sexual orientation and practices, limiting access to appropriate HIV prevention services.

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Ayala, George. "Risky Sex? Gay Men and HIV Prevention." Journal of Health Psychology 4, no. 3 (May 1999): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135910539900400311.

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Gordon, Peter. "Sex Therapy with Gay Men: A review." Sexual and Marital Therapy 1, no. 2 (July 1986): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02674658608407730.

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Gullickson, Terri. "Review of Sex, Gay Men, and AIDS." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 40, no. 5 (May 1995): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/003687.

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Barrett, Don. "Not Gay: Sex between Straight White Men." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 45, no. 5 (September 2016): 667–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306116664524ccc.

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Hall, Kathryn. "Not Gay: Sex Between Straight White Men." Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 43, no. 4 (May 19, 2017): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0092623x.2017.1317531.

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Hickson, Ford C. I., Peter M. Davies, Andrew J. Hunt, Peter Weatherburn, Thomas J. McManus, and Anthony P. M. Coxon. "Gay men as victims of nonconsensual sex." Archives of Sexual Behavior 23, no. 3 (June 1994): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01541564.

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Davies, Adam W. J. ""Authentically" Effeminate? Bialystok's Theorization of Authenticity, Gay Male Femmephobia, and Personal Identity." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 12, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 104–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29493.

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Authenticity is a commonly heralded ideal in Western modernist discourses, with a large amount of literature describing individuals’ personal journeys towards self-fulfillment (Bialystok, 2009, 2013, 2015, 2017; Taylor, 1991; Varga, 2014). This paper examines Lauren Bialystok’s (2013) conception of authenticity in sex/gender identity and proposes that effeminate or ‘femme’ gay men make a strong case for fitting within such a conception of authenticity. Effeminate gay men experience significant in-group discrimination within gay men’s communities, with many gay men “defeminizing” (Taywaditep, 2002) themselves upon entering adulthood and mainstream gay communities. Through this exploration of Bialystok’s (2013) model for authenticity in sex/gender identity and the identity-based challenges effeminate or femme gay men experience, this paper describes why effeminate gay men fit Bialystok’s model, and the ethical dilemmas of theorizing authenticity in personal identity (Bialystok, 2009, 2011). Providing supportive and positive early environments in school while specifically addressing gender-based discrimination in childhood provides more opportunities for positive identity development and the potential of fulfilling self-authenticity within gender identity for femme gay men.

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Snowden, Jonathan M., Maria I. Rodriguez, Skyler D. Jackson, and Julia L. Marcus. "Preexposure Prophylaxis and Patient Centeredness." American Journal of Men's Health 10, no. 5 (July 8, 2016): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316658288.

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Preexposure prophylaxis has transformed HIV prevention, becoming widespread in communities of gay and bisexual men in the developed world in a short time. There is a broad concern that preexposure prophylaxis will discourage condom use among gay men (i.e., “risk compensation”). This commentary argues for broadening the focus on gay men’s health beyond sexual health to address the holistic health and well-being of gay men. Gay men may benefit from being offered candid, nonjudgmental health promotion/HIV prevention messages not requiring condom use for anal sex. Lessons can be drawn from the family planning movement, which has undergone a similar shift in focus. The principle of patient centeredness supports such a shift in gay men’s health toward the goal of providing men with the knowledge to evaluate various prevention approaches according to the specifics of their life circumstances and health needs. Bringing more nuance to discussions of sexual risk and sexual pleasure could facilitate more universally healthy attitudes regarding sex among gay men, in turn enabling healthier decisions more compatible with men’s own values and preferences.

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Tsang, Eileen Yuk-ha. "Gay Sex Workers in China’s Medical Care System: The Queer Body with Necropolitics and Stigma." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (November 5, 2020): 8188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218188.

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The struggles of China’s gay sex workers—men who sell sex to other men—illustrate how the multi-layered stigma that they experience acts as a form of necropolitical power and an instrument of the state’s discrimination against gay sex workers who are living with HIV. One unintended side effect of this state power is the subsequent reluctance by medical professionals to care for gay sex workers who are living with HIV, and discrimination from Chinese government officers. Data obtained from 28 gay sex workers who are living with HIV provide evidence that the necropower of stigma is routinely exercised upon the bodies of gay sex workers. This article examines how the necropolitics of social death and state-sanctioned stigma are manifested throughout China’s health system, discouraging gay sex workers from receiving health care. This process uses biopolitical surveillance measures as most of gay sex workers come from rural China and do not enjoy urban hukou, thus are excluded from the medical health care system in urban China. Public health priorities demand that the cultured scripts of gendered Chinese citizenship must reevaluate the marking of the body of gay sex workers as a non-entity, a non-human and socially “dead body.”

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Robinson, Paul. "The opera queen: A voice from the closet." Cambridge Opera Journal 6, no. 3 (November 1994): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095458670000433x.

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At one point in Paul Rudnick's play, Jeffrey, the title character, who claims to have slept with 5000 different men, speaks directly to the audience: ‘I know it's wrong to say that all gay men are obsessed with sex. Because that's not true. All human beings are obsessed with sex. All gay men are obsessed with opera.’

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Letellier, Patrick. "Gay and Bisexual Male Domestic Violence Victimization: Challenges to Feminist Theory and Responses to Violence." Violence and Victims 9, no. 2 (January 1994): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.9.2.95.

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This article demonstrates how same-sex male battering challenges contemporary feminist domestic violence theory. The author shows current theory to be heterosexist and therefore insufficient to explain the phenomenon of battering among gay/bisexual men. Domestic violence theories that integrate a sociopolitical and a psychological analysis of battering are presented as more inclusive of same-sex domestic violence. Differences between battered gay/bisexual men and battered women are illustrated, focusing on how these men conceptualize and respond to violence against them. The author also examines the social context of homophobia in which same-sex battering occurs; the impact of AIDS on gay/bisexual men as it pertains to battering; the misconception of “mutual combat”; and the difficulty of seeking help. The article highlights the need for empirical research on same-sex male battering.

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Endrian Kurniawan, Dicky, Lantin Sulistyorini, Kholid Rosyidi Muhammad Nur, Muhammad Nur Khamid, Alfid Tri Afandi, Retno Purwandari, and Anisah Ardiana. "Risk of HIV Transmission Through Sexual Activities: A Survey among Hiv-Positive Gay Men in Jember, Indonesia." Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ) 1, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v1i1.14.

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Introduction: Prevention of HIV transmission can be done through safe sexual activities. It can occur if HIV-positive gay men or men who sex men (MSM) did not have sex with men or use a condom. Objective: This study aimed to identify the preventive behavior of HIV transmission through sexual activities among HIV-positive gay men. Methods: This study used a quantitative design with a descriptive exploratory approach. One hundred and one HIV-positive gay men were collected by using purposive sampling following this study. Data were collected by a questionnaire of preventive behavior of HIV transmission through sexual behavior and analyzed with an exploratory, descriptive approach. Results: Almost all MSM still have sex (96%) after they have been diagnosed HIV-positive, and most do not always use a condom (74.3%). Conclusions: Sexual prevention behavior in MSM is still low and it can increase new HIV cases. Efforts are needed against HIV transmission among the gay men population by adequate information to enhance condom use awareness and commitment when they have the same sexual activities.

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Martell, Michael E., and Leanne Roncolato. "THE HOMOSEXUAL LIFESTYLE: TIME USE IN SAME-SEX HOUSEHOLDS." Journal of Demographic Economics 82, no. 4 (September 26, 2016): 365–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2016.14.

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AbstractWe are among the first to use American time-use data to investigate non-market behavior in gay and lesbian households. We contribute to a literature that has documented a gay disadvantage and lesbian advantage in the labor market. Many have proposed that this pattern reflects, relative to their heterosexual counterparts, higher levels of household labor among gay men and lower levels of household labor among lesbian women. Results show that gay men, parents in particular, spend more time in household production than heterosexual men. We find evidence of different time-use patterns for lesbians, but they are driven by characteristics not sexual orientation. These results also contribute to the economics of the household showing that time use in same-sex households with weaker gender constructs does not conform to the predictions of models that highlight comparative advantage as a source of specialization.

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Gillibrand, Rachel, and Kevin Turner. "‘Let’s talk about sex’: A post-structuralist discourse analysis into the meanings and experiences of anal sex for gay men." Psychology of Sexualities Review 4, no. 1 (2013): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpssex.2013.4.1.53.

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Using a post-structuralist discourse analytic approach this paper investigates the lived in experiences and meanings of anal sex amongst seven gay men. Findings indicate the role of discourse in constructing gay men’s understanding of sexual experiences. These men offered varying perspectives on their expectations of anal sex within casual and committed relationships. Sex did not have fixed meanings based on heterosexual dichotomies but was socially constructed through sexual experiences providing opportunities for negotiation and unfolding of meaning. The men had complex risk management strategies in weighing up the need for protection from STIs but embracing the need for intimacy and trust. This study provides an important insight into some gay men’s sexual practices that can be incorporated into targeted health promotion campaigns.

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Shilo, Guy, and Zohar Mor. "Seeking sex online: social and sexual risk factors among adolescent and young gay and bisexual men." Sexual Health 12, no. 3 (2015): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh14229.

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Background With the increased use of the Internet to seek sex, research has documented its associated sexual risk behaviours, especially among gay and bisexual men. Only a few studies to date have been conducted among adolescent and young men, and these have focussed on behavioural components to do with seeking sex online, without considering the role of same-sex identity formation processes. The current study aimed to identify behavioural and identity formation variables associated with seeking sex online among adolescents and youth. Methods: A web sampling of young Israeli gay and bisexual men aged 12–30 years (n = 445) was used to assess their seeking sex online characteristics, mental health, sexual risk behaviours, substance use, same-sex disclosure and acceptance and coping resources. Results: Nearly half of the sample used the Internet to seek sex, which was correlated with substance use and sexual risk behaviour. Young adults seek for sex online more commonly than adolescents. Higher numbers of: sexual partners, level of outness, levels of friends support and stronger connectedness to the gay community predicted seeking sex online. Seeking sex online was found to be more of predictor for sexual risk behaviour than any other predictor. Conclusions: Seeking sex online is influenced by the gay sub-culture climate and peer group relationships, rather than by social stressor variables related to sexual orientation formation processes, or by the subject’s general mental health condition. These results underscore the possible risks pertaining to seeking sex among gay and bisexual men and the possible use for this venue to convey safe-sex messages to adolescents and young adults.

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Budenz, Alexandra, Ann Klassen, Amy Leader, Kara Fisher, Elad Yom-Tov, and Philip Massey. "HPV vaccine, Twitter, and gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men." Health Promotion International 35, no. 2 (April 21, 2019): 290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz030.

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Abstract This study aimed to quantify human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine Twitter messaging addressing gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GB+MSM) and describes messaging by vaccine sentiment (attitudes towards vaccine) and characteristics (topic of messaging). Between August 2014 and July 2015, we collected 193 379 HPV-related tweets and classified them by vaccine sentiment and characteristics. We analysed a subsample of tweets containing the terms ‘gay’, ‘bisexual’ and ‘MSM’ (N = 2306), and analysed distributions of sentiment and characteristics using chi-square. HPV-related tweets containing GB+MSM terms occupied 1% of our sample. The subsample had a largely positive vaccine sentiment. However, a proportion of ‘gay’ and ‘bisexual’ tweets did not mention the vaccine, and a proportion of ‘gay’ and ‘MSM’ tweets had a negative sentiment. Topics varied by GB+MSM term—HPV risk messaging was prevalent in ‘bisexual’ (25%) tweets, and HPV transmission through sex/promiscuity messaging was prevalent in ‘gay’ (18%) tweets. Prevention/protection messaging was prevalent only in ‘MSM’ tweets (49%). Although HPV vaccine sentiment was positive in GB+MSM messaging, we identified deficits in the volume of GB+MSM messaging, a lack of focus on vaccination, and a proportion of negative tweets. While HPV vaccine promotion has historically focused on heterosexual HPV transmission, there are opportunities to shape vaccine uptake in GB+MSM through public health agenda setting using social media messaging that increases knowledge and minimizes HPV vaccine stigma. Social media-based HPV vaccine promotion should also address the identities of those at risk to bolster vaccine uptake and reduce the risk of HPV-attributable cancers.

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Hurley, Michael, and Garrett Prestage. "Intensive sex partying amongst gay men in Sydney." Culture, Health & Sexuality 11, no. 6 (August 2009): 597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691050902721853.

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Shernoff, M. "Condomless Sex: Gay Men, Barebacking, and Harm Reduction." Social Work 51, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/51.2.106.

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Roth, Eric Abella, Zishan Cui, Lu Wang, Heather L. Armstrong, Ashleigh J. Rich, Nathan J. Lachowsky, Paul Sereda, et al. "Substance Use Patterns of Gay and Bisexual Men in the Momentum Health Study." American Journal of Men's Health 12, no. 5 (July 19, 2018): 1759–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988318786872.

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Research with male sexual minorities frequently combines gay and bisexual men as Men Who Have Sex with Men or Gay and Bisexual Men. When analyzed separately, bisexual men consistently feature negative health differentials, exemplified by higher substance use levels. This interpretation is not clear-cut because studies may combine bisexual men and women, use different dimensions of sexual orientation to define bisexuality, and/or not consider number of sexual partners as a possible confounding factor. This study conducted separate bivariate and multivariate analyses comparing gay to bisexual Momentum Study participants based on self-identity, sexual attraction, and sexual behavior, while controlling for number of sexual partners and sociodemographic, psychosocial, and sexual behavior measures. The study hypothesized that, regardless of definition, bisexual men feature higher substance use levels compared to gay men. Bivariate analyses revealed significantly higher ( p < .05) use among bisexual men for multiple substances in all samples. Nonprescription stimulants and heroin were significant in all multivariate logistic regression models. In contrast, all bisexual samples reported lower use of erectile dysfunction drugs and poppers, substances associated with anal sex among gay men. Subsequent analysis linked these results to lower levels of anal sex in all bisexual samples. Bivariate analyses also revealed that bisexual men featured significantly lower educational levels, annual incomes, and Social Support Scales scores and higher Anxiety and Depression Sub-Scale Scores. In summary, findings revealed bisexual men’s distinctive substance use, sexual behavior, psychosocial, and sociodemographic profiles, and are important for tailoring specific health programs for bisexual men.

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Hylton, Mary E. "Online Versus Classroom-Based Instruction: A Comparative Study of Learning Outcomes in a Diversity Course." Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work 11, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18084/1084-7219.11.2.102.

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This study compares the learning outcomes of a traditional, classroom-based course and an online section of the same course on the attitudes and knowledge students have regarding gay men and lesbians. The study was conducted in two sections of an undergraduate social work course entitled lesbian and gay lives. The study found that online and traditional teaching modalities were equally effective in achieving course objectives. Students in both sections had more favorable attitudes towards lesbians and gay men at the conclusion of the course than they did at the start of the course. Implications of online teaching for social work education and recommendations for further research are presented.

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Saraç, Leyla. "Attitudes of Future Physical Education Teachers in Turkey toward Lesbians and Gay Men." Psychological Reports 111, no. 3 (December 2012): 765–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/11.06.21.pr0.111.6.765-775.

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This study explored male and female physical education majors' (149 men, 97 women) attitudes toward lesbians and gays in Turkey. The short form of the Attitudes toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale was used to assess attitudes toward lesbians and gay men in relation to the education majors' sex, year of schooling, and whether or not he/she had a lesbian/gay friend or acquaintance. Female students had more positive attitudes toward gay men compared with males, and male and female students' attitudes toward lesbians were similar. Furthermore, no significant differences were found among the different cohort years in terms of attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Results also revealed that students who had lesbian/gay friends or acquaintances held more positive attitudes toward gay men than those who did not. However, their attitudes were similar toward lesbians.

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Brennan-Ing, Mark, Michael Plankey, Sabina Haberlen, Steven Meanley, Andre Brown, Deanna Ware, James Egan, and Mackey Friedman. "Connection to the Gay Community and Self-Appraisals Among Older Men Who Have Sex With Men." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3006.

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Abstract Men who have sex with men (MSM) report greater body dissatisfaction compared with heterosexual men, which increases with age. This may result from internalized gay community values regarding ideal physiques and youth. Using structural equation modeling, we examined these relationships among 1,118 MSM men age 40 and older from the Healthy Aging Study (M age=59.9 years/50.1% HIV+/69.8% non-Hispanic White). We hypothesized gay community attachment would be related to self-appraisals (body dissatisfaction/internalized ageism), and that this relationship would be mediated by developmental regulation strategies (physical activity/exercise intentions). The model fit the data well (RMSEA = .048, 90% CI 0.017-0.079). Contrary to our hypothesis, connection to the gay community was related to positive self-appraisals (-.40, p<.001), with significant indirect effects via regulation strategies (-.12, p<.002). Thus, gay community connections are related to positive self-appraisals in older GB men and enhance strategies supporting physical and psychological health. Implications for practice will be discussed.

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Freeland, Ryan, Tamar Goldenberg, and Rob Stephenson. "Perceptions of Informal and Formal Coping Strategies for Intimate Partner Violence Among Gay and Bisexual Men." American Journal of Men's Health 12, no. 2 (February 26, 2016): 302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316631965.

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The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in same-sex male relationships has been reported to be at least as prevalent as is observed in female–male relationships. Though research has focused on understanding the prevalence and antecedents of IPV in male–male relationships, there is a paucity of data describing perceptions of coping strategies adopted by gay and bisexual men who may experience IPV. Ten focus group discussions were conducted with 64 gay and bisexual men in Atlanta, Georgia, between September 2013 and November 2013. Focus groups examined perceptions of how gay and bisexual men would respond to IPV and the IPV-coping services they would utilize. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes that describe how gay and bisexual men perceive existing IPV services and how they would use these services, if gay and bisexual men were to experience IPV. The results indicate that men experiencing IPV in male–male relationships do not have adequate access to IPV services that are tailored to their unique needs. As a result, there is a strong reliance on informal sources of support. Services are urgently needed to meet the unique needs of men experiencing IPV in same-sex relationships.

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Dimitrov, Slavčo, and Xhabir Ahmeti. "Тој мрачен објект на посакувањето. Кон David M. Halperin, What Do Gay Men Want? An Essay on Sex, Risk, and Subjectivity." Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture 6, no. 2-3 (June 1, 2007): 345–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51151/identities.v6i2-3.224.

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Author(s): Slavčo Dimitrov | Славчо Димитров Title (Macedonian): Тој мрачен објект на посакувањето. Кон David M. Halperin, What Do Gay Men Want? An Essay on Sex, Risk, and Subjectivity Title (Albanian): Ai objekt i errët i dashjes. Për David M. Halperin, What Do Gay Men Want? An Essay on Sex, Risk, and Subjectivity Translated by (Macedonian to Albanian): Xhabir Ahmeti Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 6, No. 2-3 (Summer 2007 - Winter 2008) Publisher: Research Center in Gender Studies - Skopje and Euro-Balkan Institute Page Range: 345-365 Page Count: 20 Citation (Macedonian): Славчо Димитров, „Тој мрачен објект на посакувањето. Кон David M. Halperin, What Do Gay Men Want? An Essay on Sex, Risk, and Subjectivity“, Идентитети: списание за политика, род и култура, т. 6, бр. 2-3 (лето 2007 - зима 2008): 345-365. Citation (Albanian): Slavčo Dimitrov, „Ai objekt i errët i dashjes. Për David M. Halperin, What Do Gay Men Want? An Essay on Sex, Risk, and Subjectivity“, përkthim nga Maqedonishtja Xhabir Ahmeti, Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 6, No. 2-3 (Summer 2007 - Winter 2008): 345-365.

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Reilly, Kathleen H., Alan Neaigus, Samuel M. Jenness, Travis Wendel, David M. Marshall, and Holly Hagan. "Experiences of Discrimination and HIV Risk Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in New York City." American Journal of Men's Health 10, no. 6 (July 7, 2016): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315575998.

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The extent of gay-related discrimination in New York City (NYC) and the demographic and behavioral factors correlated with experiences of gay-related discrimination are not well understood. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–sponsored National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System, a cross-sectional study, was conducted in NYC in 2011. Men who have sex with men were venue-sampled, interviewed, and offered HIV testing. Frequencies of types of gay-related discrimination experienced in the past 12 months were calculated. Associations between types of discrimination and demographic and HIV risk variables were examined through the estimation of prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). More than half (53.2%) of all study participants reported having experienced any gay-related discrimination in the past 12 months; 45.0% reported that they had been called names or insulted; 23.6% reported receiving poorer services than other people in restaurants, stores, other businesses, or agencies; 22.0% reported being treated unfairly at work or school; 15.1% reported being physically attacked or injured; and 6.7% reported being denied or given lower quality health care. HIV-positive status (adjusted PR [aPR] = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.5, 5.6) and drug use in the past 12 months (aPR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.1, 0.7) were independently associated with reports of having been denied or given lower quality health care. High rates of reported gay-related discrimination suggest that greater efforts are needed to reduce gay-related discrimination in affected communities. Future research is needed to better understand the extent of gay-related discrimination in NYC, particularly with regard to the relationship between HIV status and health care access.

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Thunnissen, Estrelle, Veerle Buffel, Thijs Reyniers, Christiana Nöstlinger, and Edwin Wouters. "From Physical Distancing to Social Loneliness among Gay Men and Other Men Having Sex with Men in Belgium: Examining the Disruption of the Social Network and Social Support Structures." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (June 4, 2022): 6873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116873.

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Since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, levels of loneliness have increased among the general population and especially among sexual minorities, such as gay men and other men who have sex with men, who already experienced more problems with social isolation before the pandemic. We analyzed how the disruption of the social network and social support structures by containment measures impact loneliness among gay and other men having sex with men. Our sample consisted of gay and other men having sex with men who had in person communication with family as well as heterosexual friends and homosexual friends before the lockdown (N = 461). Multivariate regression analyses were performed with social provisions (social interaction and reliable alliance) and loneliness as dependent variables. A change from in-person communication with gay peers before the pandemic to remote-only or no communication with gay peers during the pandemic, mediated by change in social integration, was related to an increased feeling of loneliness during the pandemic compared with before the pandemic. There were some unexpected findings, which should be interpreted in the specific social context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. On average, social integration and reliable alliance among MSM increased during the lockdown, even though in-person communication decreased and loneliness increased. Our results show it is critical to maintain a view of social support and social loneliness as lodged within larger social and cultural contexts that ultimately shape the mechanisms behind them.

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Reisen, Carol A., Maria Cecilia Zea, Fernanda T. Bianchi, Paul J. Poppen, Michele G. Shedlin, and Marcelo Montes Penha. "Latino Gay and Bisexual Men's Relationships with Non-Gay-Identified Men Who Have Sex With Men." Journal of Homosexuality 57, no. 8 (August 31, 2010): 1004–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2010.503510.

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Richters, Juliet, Dennis Altman, Paul B. Badcock, Anthony M. A. Smith, Richard O. de Visser, Andrew E. Grulich, Chris Rissel, and Judy M. Simpson. "Sexual identity, sexual attraction and sexual experience: the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships." Sexual Health 11, no. 5 (2014): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh14117.

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Background Behavioural and other aspects of sexuality are not always consistent. This study describes the prevalence and overlap of same-sex and other-sex attraction and experience and of different sexual identities in Australia. Methods: Computer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by a representative sample of 20 094 men and women aged 16–69 years recruited by landline and mobile phone random-digit dialling with a response rate (participation rate among eligible people) of 66.2%. Respondents were asked about their sexual identity (‘Do you think of yourself as’ heterosexual/straight, homosexual/gay, bisexual, etc.) and the sex of people with whom they had ever had sexual contact and to whom they had felt sexually attracted. Results: Men and women had different patterns of sexual identity. Although the majority of people identified as heterosexual (97% men, 96% women), women were more likely than men to identify as bisexual. Women were less likely than men to report exclusively other-sex or same-sex attraction and experience; 9% of men and 19% of women had some history of same-sex attraction and/or experience. Sexual attraction and experience did not necessarily correspond. Homosexual/gay identity was more common among men with tertiary education and living in cities and less common among men with blue-collar jobs. Many gay men (53%) and lesbians (76%) had some experience with an other-sex partner. More women identified as lesbian or bisexual than in 2001–02. Similarly, more women reported same-sex experience and same-sex attraction. Conclusion: In Australia, men are more likely than women to report exclusive same-sex attraction and experience, although women are more likely than men to report any non-heterosexual identity, experience and attraction. Whether this is a feature of the plasticity of female sexuality or due to lesser stigma than for men is unknown.

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ALARID, LEANNE FIFTAL. "Sexual Orientation Perspectives of Incarcerated Bisexual and Gay Men: The County Jail Protective Custody Experience." Prison Journal 80, no. 1 (March 2000): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885500080001005.

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This study examined sexual identity and perceptions of treatment by other prisoners and staff of incarcerated bisexual and gay men in special housing. Eigenberg's social constructionist model guided theoretical inquiry, and questions were derived from Wooden and Parker's survey. Although all inmates surveyed felt safer in protective custody than in general population, gay men were more likely to pressure bisexual and/or heterosexual offenders for sex while in protective custody. Bisexual offenders who preferred women to men more often sought protection from another inmate, reported more pressure from others to have sex, and felt less safe in jail than gay or bisexual men who preferred men over women. Sexual patterns tended to be indistinct for bisexuals, a factor that contributed to lower institutional adjustment and less satisfaction with regard to their sexual identity.

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Kaighobadi, Farnaz, Kate L. Collier, Vasu Reddy, Tim Lane, and Theo GM Sandfort. "Sexual violence experiences among black gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women in South African townships: contributing factors and implications for health." South African Journal of Psychology 50, no. 2 (July 4, 2019): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246319859449.

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This study examined experiences with sexual violence among black African gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women in townships surrounding Pretoria, South Africa. Of 81 gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women interviewed, 17 reported to have experienced sexual violence perpetrated by other men. Qualitative analysis of interviews revealed the social and relational contexts of these experiences as well as their psychological and health consequences. The described context included single- and multiple-perpetrator attacks in private and public spaces, bias-motivated attacks, and violence from known partners. Several participants reported refusing propositions for sex as a reason for being victimized. HIV-positive individuals were overrepresented among survivors compared with the sample as a whole. Following victimization, participants described feelings of pain, fear, anger, and self-blame. The results demonstrate the need for interventions designed to (a) prevent sexual violence against gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women in this population, and (b) reduce the negative psychological and health outcomes of sexual victimization. The discussion also highlights the need to examine more closely the link between experiences of sexual violence and the risk for HIV infection.

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Stults, Christopher B. "Relationship quality among young gay and bisexual men in consensual nonmonogamous relationships." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 10 (November 12, 2018): 3037–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518809530.

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Consensual nonmonogamous (CNM) relationships (e.g., open relationships) are common among adult gay and bisexual men, and thus, younger gay and bisexual men may also engage in consensual nonmonogamy. Yet little is known about CNM relationships among young gay and bisexual men. This is problematic, as nonmonogamy may have important implications for relationship health, which is linked to individual mental and physical health. The present study explored dimensions of relationship quality among a sample of ( n = 20) young gay and bisexual men in CNM relationships. Participants were recruited, along with their primary partners, from an ongoing cohort study of young men who have sex with men in New York City. Participants completed semistructured interviews that included questions about relationship quality. A modified version of the consensual qualitative research method was used to analyze the data. Participants’ responses were also analyzed at the dyad level to assess agreement between partners on dimensions of relationship quality. Among the men interviewed, most reported being satisfied with their relationship with their primary partner and with nonmonogamy more generally. Many participants identified improvements in their overall relationship, communication, and sex life as a result of nonmonogamy. These findings suggest that CNM relationships are viable relationship structures for some young gay and bisexual men. Consistent with these findings, mental health practitioners should help young gay and bisexual men in CNM relationships to bolster their communication and conflict resolution skills and should avoid pathologizing nonmonogamy. Also, medical providers and HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention programs may benefit from increased competence regarding consensual nonmonogamy and should tailor their services to the unique needs of young gay and bisexual men in CNM relationships.

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Hopwood, Max, Elena Cama, John de Wit, and Carla Treloar. "Stigma, Anxiety, and Depression Among Gay and Bisexual Men in Mixed-Orientation Marriages." Qualitative Health Research 30, no. 4 (July 17, 2019): 622–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732319862536.

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The mental health of gay and bisexual men in mixed-orientation marriages is poorly understood. In this article, the authors explore the development of anxiety and depression among gay and bisexual men in heterosexual marriages. Sixteen men, living in the Australian states of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, and Tasmania were interviewed throughout 2016 and 2017. An analysis of interviews identified four main themes, namely, compulsory heterosexuality, existential distress, compartmentalization, and integration and resolution. Participants reported experiencing anxiety and depression, which were exacerbated by the stigmatization of same-sex attraction and by an overwhelming distress from feelings of shame and guilt regarding their marital infidelity. Findings indicate that gay and bisexual men in mixed-orientation marriages develop anxiety and depression in response to the exigencies of compulsory heterosexuality and the compartmentalizing of same-sex attraction and identity during heterosexual marriage. Coming-out as same-sex attracted resolved men’s distress by facilitating an integrative self-structure.

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Adams, Jeffery, Stephen Neville, Karl Parker, and Taisia Huckle. "Influencing Condom Use by Gay and Bisexual Men for Anal Sex Through Social Marketing." Social Marketing Quarterly 23, no. 1 (August 1, 2016): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500416654897.

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Encouraging gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) to use condoms for anal sex has been a cornerstone of HIV prevention initiatives globally for several decades. In New Zealand, Get it On!!, a social marketing program, sought to influence gay and bisexual men to use a condom “every time” for anal sex. To assess the effectiveness of Get it On!, an integrated program evaluation approach including evaluation rubrics was utilized. Self-report data were collected from 960 men using an online survey and a paper-based survey administered at a large, gay community event. The men reported they were exposed to the campaign messages, understood them well, and engaged with the program. Importantly, the men reported Get it On! encouraged them to take action, including being more conscious about using a condom for sex. Get it On! performed well in regard to encouraging a culture accepting of condom use. Significantly, the evaluation found the greater the exposure to Get it On!, the more likely a man was to report using a condom for anal sex. Overall, the campaign is likely contributing to New Zealand’s relatively high rates of condom use and the low incidence of HIV infection among MSM. This strongly suggests the campaign should be continued and enhanced as a key HIV prevention strategy.

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Zablotska, I., A. Frankland, G. Prestage, A. Grulich, and J. Imrie. "28. RISK TAKING AND SAFER SEX PRACTICES IN CASUAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MEN." Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv4n4ab28.

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Introduction: Universal condom use in casual sex is unlikely. We explored whether gay men lower the risk of HIV transmission during unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners (UAIC) by disclosing HIV serostatus and engaging in lower risk practices such as strategic positioning and/or withdrawal. Methods: We used data from the annual cross-sectional Sydney Gay Community Periodic Survey. A short self-administered questionnaire collects information about HIV serostatus of the respondents, sexual practices with other men and other HIV-relevant behaviours. We present the prevalence of and time trends in disclosure of serostatus and the use of strategic positioning and withdrawal with casual partners. Results: In 2006, 2568 men reported having had a casual partner in the 6 months before the survey. Disclosure was higher among men engaging in UAIC (68.4%) compared to those who always used condoms (49.7%). This relationship was more apparent amongst HIV-positive than negative men, of whom 83.5% and 63.9%, respectively, reported any disclosure. Over time, HIV-positive and negative men have increasingly reported disclosing to 'all' of their casual partners (p�<�0.01). HIV-positive men were less likely to report insertive-only positioning during UAIC (8.9%) compared to HIV-negative men (39.2%), with no changes emerging since over time. Significant increases were also noted in the proportion of HIV-positive men reporting withdrawal during insertive-UAIC (p�<�0.001) and HIV-negative men reporting withdrawal during receptive-UAIC (p�<�0.001). Conclusion: In the context of UAIC, gay men appear to be employing a range of risk-reduction strategies. Increasing levels of disclosure and/or practices such as strategic positioning and withdrawal demonstrate the complexity of gay men's construction of, and engagement with, risk associated with HIV transmission. A more thorough understanding of these practices is essential for ongoing education and prevention.

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Woods, W. J., J. Sabatino, P. L. Bauer, B. Adler, J. W. Dilley, and D. Binson. "HIV testing in gay sex clubs." International Journal of STD & AIDS 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462001915633.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate a programme of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing at gay sex clubs. Conducting secondary analyses with 2 datasets, we evaluated HIV-testing preferences of patrons at 2 sex clubs and compared their risks to testers at a standard testing clinic. Sex club testers had significantly more partners and were significantly older than their clinic peers. Sixteen per cent of sex club testers reported that they would not test if testing were not available at the sex club. Gay sex clubs offer an opportunity to reach men at high risk for HIV, some who otherwise may not test.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sex instruction for gay men'

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