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Okafor, Uchenna O., Rik Crutzen, Egbe A. Awo, and Bart Van Den Borne. "Perspectives of Brothel Leaders and HIV Prevention Experts on the Role of Gatekeepers on Improving Condom Use by Female Sex Workers in Abuja, Nigeria." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 10 (September 17, 2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n10p183.
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A qualitative study using in-depth interviews explored the perceptions and views of brothel leaders and HIV program experts on the acceptability and adoptability of using gatekeepers in interventions aimed at improving Female Sex Workers’ (FSWs) condom use in Nigeria. Brothel leaders are an influential group within the FSWs’ social and physical environment and their attitudes, beliefs and actions can influence the immediate brothel environment and the adoption of interventions within the brothel. HIV prevention experts make key decisions on the content and strategies adopted for HIV prevention efforts and also influence the design and implementation of HIV prevention strategies within programs. Four themes illustrating the benefits and barriers of the inclusion of gatekeepers within the immediate environment of the FSW were identified. Results show that brothel leadership inclusion in HIV prevention efforts could exert potential positive influence on the immediate brothel environment. Brothel leaders can support the institution of establishment policies supporting consistent condom use by the FSWs, promotion of HIV awareness, resolution of conflicts and harassments, support to new entrants into sex work and the reinforcement of protective behaviors among the FSWs. The decriminalization of sex work and the inclusion of gatekeepers support into country HIV program guidelines may contribute to mitigating prevalent sociocultural factors limiting FSWs’ rights as well as their access to health services. The present study provides insights into the potential positive roles of brothel leaders in improving condom use and other HIV/AIDs related interventions for brothel based FSWs in Abuja, Nigeria from the perspective of brothel leaders and HIV prevention experts.
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Olaore, Gbemi Oladipo, Bimbo Onaolapo Adejare, and Ekpenyong Ekpenyong Udofia. "The gains and pains of small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs): the way forward for entrepreneurship development in Nigeria." Rajagiri Management Journal 15, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ramj-09-2020-0056.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the role of small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) as a catalyst to all things good in great economies; however, sadly, Nigeria has been unable to unlock SME development and the many benefits. The paper’s examination revolves around SMEs and entrepreneurial development, employment generation, government policies and financial aid and its availability. With the intention of establishing the relevance of government role in creating vibrant economies via thriving SMEs and its ripple effect on employment generation. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a survey design, using a questionnaire for data gathering and percentile, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) for data analysis. Findings The study established a significant direct relationship between entrepreneurship development and infrastructure development and employment generation. Also, there was a significant direct relationship between government policies and infrastructure development. However, surprisingly, there was an insignificant relationship between government policy and financial aid and accessibility. Practical implications The government’s role in SMEs’ survival and entrepreneurship development is invaluable. The government must live up to their bidding and create an enabling environment to promote SME and entrepreneurship growth. Only this will transform the economy and minimize unemployment to its barest minimum. Originality/value The study’s research model is an interesting contribution to the body of work in SME and entrepreneurship development. The study is also an original attempt at having a good representation of the South-Western part of Nigeria, as research in high impact journals is usually domiciled in one state.
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Tabiu, Abubakar. "Do “high-performance” human resource practices work in public universities? Mediation of organizational and supervisors’ supports." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 10, no. 4 (December 2, 2019): 493–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-02-2019-0079.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between “high-performance” human resource practices (HPHRP) and organizational performance, using organizational and supervisors’ supports as mediating variables. Design/methodology/approach Using cross-sectional design, the data were obtained from 311 public university lecturers in Nigeria. The study employed partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in the analysis. Findings The results suggested that the application of HPHRP in the public universities has direct and indirect effects on organizational performance. Also, HPHRP are linked with both organizational support and supervisory support. In turn, the organizational support and supervisory support are strongly linked with organizational performance. Furthermore, both organizational support and supervisory support fully mediate the positive relationships between HPHRP and organizational performance. The mediating role of both organizational support and supervisory support revealed their significance in HPHRP-performance link particularly within the context of public universities. Research limitations/implications The study employed self-report in collecting data for all the major constructs. Practical implications The study demonstrated the importance of HPHR practices (rigorous selection processes; training and development opportunities; information and communication practices; employee involvement in decision making; job security; fair reward system; team working and career management) and how they are directly related to organizational support, supervisory support and performance of organization. Second, for the management to enhance organizational performance (particularly in public universities), the need to emphasize on appropriate and effective HRM practices capable of promoting organizational and supervisory supports is required. This will enable the creation of supportive work environment that will promote better organizational performance. Originality/value The study adds value by providing additional understanding of the significant role of organizational support and supervisors support in HPHRP-organizational performance link.
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Hicks, Joseph Paul, Matthew John Allsop, Godwin O. Akaba, Ramsey M. Yalma, Osasuyi Dirisu, Babasola Okusanya, Jamilu Tukur, et al. "Acceptability and Potential Effectiveness of eHealth Tools for Training Primary Health Workers From Nigeria at Scale: Mixed Methods, Uncontrolled Before-and-After Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): e24182. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24182.
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Background The in-service training of frontline health workers (FHWs) in primary health care facilities plays an important role in improving the standard of health care delivery. However, it is often expensive and requires FHWs to leave their posts in rural areas to attend courses in urban centers. This study reports the implementation of a digital health tool for providing video training (VTR) on maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) care to provide in-service training at scale without interrupting health services. The VTR intervention was supported by satellite communications technology and existing 3G mobile networks. Objective This study aims to determine the feasibility and acceptability of these digital health tools and their potential effectiveness in improving clinical knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to MNCH care. Methods A mixed methods design, including an uncontrolled pre- and postquantitative evaluation, was adopted. From October 2017 to May 2018, a VTR mobile intervention was delivered to FHWs in 3 states of Nigeria. We examined changes in workers’ knowledge and confidence in delivering MNCH services through a pre- and posttest survey. Stakeholders’ experiences with the intervention were explored through semistructured interviews that drew on the technology acceptance model to frame contextual factors that shaped the intervention’s acceptability and usability in the work environment. Results In total, 328 FHWs completed both pre- and posttests. FHWs achieved a mean pretest score of 51% (95% CI 48%-54%) and mean posttest score of 69% (95% CI 66%-72%), reflecting, after adjusting for key covariates, a mean increase between the pre- and posttest of 17 percentage points (95% CI 15-19; P<.001). Variation was identified in pre- and posttest scores by the sex and location of participants alongside topic-specific areas where scores were lowest. Stakeholder interviews suggested a wide acceptance of VTR Mobile (delivered via digital technology) as an important tool for enhancing the quality of training, reinforcing knowledge, and improving health outcomes. Conclusions This study found that VTR supported through a digital technology approach is a feasible and acceptable approach for supporting improvements in clinical knowledge, attitudes, and reported practices in MNCH. The determinants of technology acceptance included ease of use, perceived usefulness, access to technology and training contents, and the cost-effectiveness of VTR, whereas barriers to the adoption of VTR were poor electricity supply, poor internet connection, and FHWs’ workload. The evaluation also identified the mechanisms of the impact of delivering VTR Mobile at scale on the micro (individual), meso (organizational), and macro (policy) levels of the health system. Future research is required to explore the translation of this digital health approach for the VTR of FHWs and its impact across low-resource settings to ameliorate the financial and time costs of training and support high-quality MNCH care delivery. Trial Registration ISRCTN Registry 32105372; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN32105372
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Grittner, Alison, and Kathleen C. Sitter. "The Role of Place in the Lives of Sex Workers: A Sociospatial Analysis of Two International Case Studies." Affilia 35, no. 2 (September 5, 2019): 274–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109919872965.
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This article conceptualizes how place-based analysis can generate innovative understandings of sex work and spatial justice, including ways in which stigma, well-being, and marginality are embodied in sex work places. Focusing on three interconnected dimensions of place—geographic location, material environment, and sociopower structures—this article examines the unexplored realm of place and sex work. Beginning with an analysis of existing sex work literature and knowledge relating to dimensions of place, we explicate the role of feminist ideologies, juridical contexts, and the built environment as the conceptual and analytic groundwork for a place-based understanding of sex work. Architectural spatial methods then generate a place-based analysis of two case study exemplars: the Residence in Western Canada and the Strichtplatz in Zurich, Switzerland. We conclude by considering avenues to incorporate place theory into sex work research and the social work discipline, ultimately advocating for research, policy, and practice that concomitantly address sex workers’ social and spatial oppression.
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Rothausen, Teresa J. "Management Work—Family Research and Work—Family Fit." Family Business Review 22, no. 3 (June 8, 2009): 220–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894486509337409.
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In this article, 25 years of organization science research on work—family is summarized, and its implications for building the human, social, and economic elements of family capital in family business are developed. The impact of work—family conflict; sex and gender roles; role enrichment; work—family benefits, programs, and policies; and work, job, and organization redesign are emphasized. A social systems model of environment—environment fit—work—family fit—is developed. Implications for future research and for investing in family capital are discussed.
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Ekore, John Oselenbalu, and Thomas Attah. "Influence of Sex-Role Expectations on Perceived Work Performance Among Employees in Multinational Corporations in Nigeria." Journal of Social Sciences 14, no. 2 (March 2007): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2007.11978367.
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Kabir, Isah, and Umar Abbas Ibrahim. "Effect of job stress on commitment of female entrepreneurs: Evidence from Abuja, Nigeria." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, no. 5 (August 8, 2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i5.1292.
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Job stress affects and influences the mental, physical, and well-being of an entrepreneur. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between work-family conflict, role overload, and the business environment on the commitment of microentrepreneurs in Abuja. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design, data were obtained via an online survey, only the 65 questionnaires were returned. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and hypotheses were tested with linear regression. Findings from the study indicate a positive relationship between work-family conflict, role overload, and work environment. and the study recommended that future studies should enlarge the sample size of this study and identify other job stress variable that was not included in this study.
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Odulana, Oyinkansola A., Yacob Haliso, and Obinna J. Okoro. "Information Culture, Work Environment and Employee Job Performance in Lagos State Internal Revenue Service, Nigeria." Information Impact: Journal of Information and Knowledge Management 11, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/iijikm.v11i4.2.
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This study examined the influence of information culture and work environment on employee job performance in Lagos state internal revenue service. A validated survey instrument was tested on 210 employees in Lagos State Internal Revenue Service and showed that information culture positively influenced employee job performance. (R = 0.676; R2 = 0.458; Adj R2 = 0.455; F (1, 190) = 160.43; Sig. = 0.000). Work environment positively influenced employee performance. (R = 0.488; R2 = 0.238; Adj R2 = 0.234; F (1, 190) = 59.53; Sig. = 0.000). The results further reveled that information culture and work environment both have positive influence on employee performance. (R = 0. 691; R2 = 0.477; Adjusted-R2 = 0.472; F (2, 189) = 86.40; Sig. = 0.000)The study concluded that information culture and work environment plays an important role in enhancing employee job performance in Lagos State Internal Revenue Service. The study recommended that Information culture and good working environment should be maintained in the organization.
Keywords: Employee Job Performance, Information Culture, Work Environment, Internal Revenue Service
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Wong, William C. W., Phil W. S. Leung, and C. W. Li. "HIV behavioural risks and the role of work environment among Chinese male sex workers in Hong Kong." AIDS Care 24, no. 3 (January 31, 2012): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2011.608785.
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Amah, Okechukwu Ethelbert, and Kabiru Oyetuunde. "The effect of servant leadership on employee turnover in SMEs in Nigeria: the role of career growth potential and employee voice." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 27, no. 6 (September 10, 2020): 885–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-01-2019-0009.
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PurposeEmployee turnover has been established as a major cause of the abysmal performance of SMEs in Nigeria. Hence, the study explored the role of servant leadership and the work climate created by the leader in the reduction of employee turnover in SMEs.Design/methodology/approachThe study involved 1,000 participants drawn from 200 SMEs in the city of Lagos. Cross-sectional data was acquired through questionnaire designed in such a way as to minimise common method variance.FindingsResults indicate that servant leadership reduced employee turnover, and that employee voice and the career growth dimensions partially mediated this relationship. The study variables explained 59% of the variance in employee turnover.Practical implicationsThe paper highlights that SMEs leaders who adopt servant leadership behaviour can reduce employee turnover directly and through the positive work environment they create. SMEs leaders must not only be servant leaders but must ensure that the entire organisation is managed by servant leaders. They achieve this through recruitment and promotion process.Originality/valuePast studies in Nigeria were in the area of government intervention and the effects of turnover on the productivity of SMEs. This appears to be the only paper that studied the effects of leadership on employee turnover in SMEs in Nigeria. This study advances research by studying the effect of servant leadership and the work environment created by leaders on employee turnover. Thus, the study advances past studies by suggesting possible ways to reduce employee turnover and enhancing the needed productivity of SMEs in Nigeria.
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Frankis, Jamie S., and Paul Flowers. "The role of contact efficacy in evaluating sexual health promotion—evidence-based outreach work within a public sex environment." Sexual Health 3, no. 2 (2006): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh05032.
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Background: This paper explores the role of contact efficacy in evidence-based health promotion by evaluating a public sex environment (PSE) based sexual health outreach program. The service operated in situ from a dedicated mobile unit to promote sexual health among PSE users. Methods: A cross-sectional survey (response rate 56%) measured socio-demographics, sexual health behaviours and outreach-service use among men sampled within the PSE (n = 216). Results: Most participants were aware of the service and two-thirds had contacted them. Men who had not completed hepatitis A vaccination (odds ratio (OR) = 2.02), who had ever received money for sex (OR = 2.07) or who reported a diagnosed mental health disorder(s) (OR = 2.38) were significantly more likely to have contacted the service. Although 89% of service users perceived the intervention positively, only 26% felt it had contributed to sexual behaviour changes. Conclusions: The ‘mobile-unit’ outreach model contacted a large proportion of PSE users, specifically men who had greater health needs. We advocate the adoption of this outreach model over traditional PSE-based outreach approaches. Contact efficacy evaluation is useful to assess ongoing health interventions. However, caution must be exerted when interpreting certain contact efficacy results. Since causality may not always be inferred, triangulation with other evaluative methodologies is recommended.
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Olaoye, Olumide Ayoola, Shaheed Moghammad Soeker, and Rhoda Anthea. "Predictors of return to work among stroke survivors in south-west Nigeria." Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy 34, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1569186120926614.
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Introduction Stroke is acknowledged globally and among Nigerian rehabilitation researchers as a public health problem that leaves half of its survivors with significant neurological deficits and inability to re-establish pre-existing roles. Consequent to the dearth of country specific data on return to work and its determinants for stroke survivors in Nigeria, this study investigated the predictors of return to work among stroke survivors in south-west Nigeria. Method Two hundred and ten stroke survivors from five tertiary health facilities in Osun state, Nigeria responded to a validated three-section questionnaire assessing return to work rates and its determinants after stroke in this study. Collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistic of chi-square, t-test and multiple logistic regression. Result The mean age of the respondents was 52.90 ± 7.92 years. Over 60% of the respondents returned to work with about half of them in full time employment (32.9%). Majority of the respondents noted that travel to and from work (43.8%) and access at work (43.3%) had an impact on their ability to work. The symptoms of stroke (odds ratio (OR) = 0.87), the environment (OR = 0.83), body function impairments (OR = 0.86) as well as activity and participation problems (OR = 0.80) were the significant predictors of return to work. Hemiplegia or paresis of the non-dominant side of the body was associated with a higher chance of return to work (OR = 7.64). Conclusion Body function impairments, activity and participation problems were independent predictors of return to work after stroke. Similarly, side of hemiplegia plays a prominent role in resumption of the worker role of stroke survivors in south-west Nigeria.
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Mushfiqur, Rahman, Chima Mordi, Emeka Smart Oruh, Uzoechi Nwagbara, Tonbara Mordi, and Itari Mabel Turner. "The impacts of work-life-balance (WLB) challenges on social sustainability." Employee Relations 40, no. 5 (August 6, 2018): 868–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-06-2017-0131.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of work-life-balance (WLB) challenges for Nigerian female medical doctors. This study focusses on Nigeria, which its peculiar socio-cultural, institutional and professional realities constitute WLB as well as social sustainability (SS) challenge for female medical doctors. Design/methodology/approach Relying on qualitative, interpretivist approach and informed by institutional theory, this study explores how Nigeria’s institutional environment and workplace realities engender WLB challenges, which consequently impact SS for female doctors. In total, 43 semi-structured interviews and focus group session involving eight participants were utilised for empirical analysis. Findings The study reveals that factors such as work pressure, cultural expectations, unsupportive relationships, challenging work environment, gender role challenges, lack of voice/participation, and high stress level moderate the ability of female medical doctors to manage WLB and SS. It also identifies that socio-cultural and institutional demands on women show that these challenges, while common to female physicians in other countries, are different and more intense in Nigeria because of their unique professional, socio-cultural and institutional frameworks. Research limitations/implications The implications of the WLB and SS requires scholarship to deepen as well as extend knowledge on contextual disparities in understanding these concepts from developing countries perspective, which is understudied. Originality/value This study offers fresh insights into the WLB and SS concepts from the non-western context, such as Nigeria, highlighting the previously understudied challenges of WLB and SS and their implications for female doctors.
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Aderibigbe, John K., Themba Q. Mjoli, and Kolawole S. Adebisi. "Role of Psychological Capital in Effective Management of Work-stress among Tertiary Institutions' Staff in Nigeria." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 2(J) (May 19, 2018): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i2(j).2212.
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Work-stress is synonymous to occupational stress. It is a common form of strain that is usually experienced by employees, in the course of performing their official duties and responsibilities. In the contemporary world of work, including the Nigerian work environment, work-stress is identified as a ‘corporate epidemic’. Its symptoms are mostly observed physically, psychologically and socially in the lives of affected employees, while the negative effect of occupational stress is specifically, measured on employee performance and organizational effectiveness. It is for the above-described nature and effect of work-stress that this study examined the role of psychological capital in effective management of work-stress among the staff of tertiary institutions in Nigeria. It adopted the explanatory survey research design, purposive and convenience sampling techniques in sampling a total number of 202 (male = 116, 57.4% and female = 86, 42.6%) academic and administrative staff of five (5) public and private tertiary institutions, in the western region of Nigeria, who served as participants in the study. All participants were Nigerians English speakers. Research participation eligibility was strictly based on the current enlistment of employees on the pay-roll of the institutions as at the time of the study. A structured validated questionnaire was used as an instrument. Hypotheses were stated and analyzed based on the data collected. Results revealed that the four psychological capital states jointly influenced work-stress management F(4,197) = 8.375; R2= 0.128; p<.05; resilience (β=0.145; t=1.983; p<.05) and optimism (β=0.294; t=3.756; p<.05) independently influenced workstress management; optimism (r=.224, P(.001)<.01), resilience (r=.350, P(.000)<.01) and hope (r=.247,P(.000)<.01) significantly correlated with work-stress management. The study concluded that psychological capital is one of the important factors that effectively helps in managing work-stress, and suggested that the management of institutions or organizations should sensitize employees on the importance of psychological capital in effective management of work-stress through seminars, trainings and conferences.
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Aderibigbe, John K., Themba Q. Mjoli, and Shittu A. Kolawole. "Role of Psychological Capital in Effective Management of Work-stress among Tertiary Institutions’ Staff in Nigeria." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 2 (May 19, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i2.2212.
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Work-stress is synonymous to occupational stress. It is a common form of strain that is usually experienced by employees, in the course of performing their official duties and responsibilities. In the contemporary world of work, including the Nigerian work environment, work-stress is identified as a ‘corporate epidemic’. Its symptoms are mostly observed physically, psychologically and socially in the lives of affected employees, while the negative effect of occupational stress is specifically, measured on employee performance and organizational effectiveness. It is for the above-described nature and effect of work-stress that this study examined the role of psychological capital in effective management of work-stress among the staff of tertiary institutions in Nigeria. It adopted the explanatory survey research design, purposive and convenience sampling techniques in sampling a total number of 202 (male = 116, 57.4% and female = 86, 42.6%) academic and administrative staff of five (5) public and private tertiary institutions, in the western region of Nigeria, who served as participants in the study. All participants were Nigerians English speakers. Research participation eligibility was strictly based on the current enlistment of employees on the pay-roll of the institutions as at the time of the study. A structured validated questionnaire was used as an instrument. Hypotheses were stated and analyzed based on the data collected. Results revealed that the four psychological capital states jointly influenced work-stress management F(4,197) = 8.375; R2= 0.128; p<.05; resilience (β=0.145; t=1.983; p<.05) and optimism (β=0.294; t=3.756; p<.05) independently influenced workstress management; optimism (r=.224, P(.001)<.01), resilience (r=.350, P(.000)<.01) and hope (r=.247,P(.000)<.01) significantly correlated with work-stress management. The study concluded that psychological capital is one of the important factors that effectively helps in managing work-stress, and suggested that the management of institutions or organizations should sensitize employees on the importance of psychological capital in effective management of work-stress through seminars, trainings and conferences.
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Ogar, Joseph Nkang, and Nweake Christopher Ude. "Organizational Dynamics and Public Service Ethics in Nigeria." PINISI Discretion Review 1, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/pdr.v1i1.13628.
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The selection of 'right man' for 'right job' and his/her orientation in administrative philosophy and social values need to be reinforced by effective systems for ethical administration as they create 'conducive' or 'non conducive' environment Numerous studies have indicated that organization climate and atmosphere will play a dominant role in influencing individuals with appropriate attitudes and skills. Keeping this in view, this work focuses on the important aspects of organization and their impact on ethical behavior of administrators. Some of the important issues raised are to what extent hierarchy influences ethical behavior. How rules and procedures influence administration. Whether ethics institutions and codes of conduct help achieve public service ethics? This method used in this research is context textual analysis.
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Boonen, Annelies, Caroline Boone, Adelin Albert, and Herman Mielants. "Understanding Limitations in At-work Productivity in Patients with Active Ankylosing Spondylitis: The Role of Work-related Contextual Factors." Journal of Rheumatology 42, no. 1 (November 1, 2014): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.131287.
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Objective.To explore the effect of health-related and contextual factors on presenteeism, absenteeism, and overall work productivity loss in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods.Consecutive patients with AS starting their first tumor necrosis factor inhibitor and in paid employment were eligible. Patients completed the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire for AS to assess presenteeism, absenteeism, and overall work productivity loss in the previous 7 days. In addition, they answered questions about work characteristics (type, characteristics of workplace, satisfaction of contacts with colleagues, and importance of work in life) and health status [Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), AS Disease Activity Score-C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP)]. Physicians assessed the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, presence of articular and extraarticular manifestations, comorbidities, and laboratory indicators of inflammation. Stepwise regression models were computed to determine which work-related and health-related factors contributed to WPAI outcomes.Results.The study included 80 patients. The WPAI presenteeism, absenteeism, and overall work productivity loss scores were 49.1%, 30.2%, and 53.1%, respectively. Presenteeism was associated with higher BASFI, female sex, and poor quality of contact with colleagues. Absenteeism was associated with increasing age, current smoking status, higher ASDAS-CRP, and low importance of work for life. Overall work productivity loss was associated with female sex, higher BASFI, past adaptation of job because of illness, number of working hours, and manual profession.Conclusion.Both health-related and contextual factors contribute to work limitations in patients with AS and suggest additional opportunities for improvement by addressing the working environment.
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Adebayo, Olufunke P., Rowland E. Worlu, Chinonye L. Moses, and Olaleke O. Ogunnaike. "An Integrated Organisational Culture for Sustainable Environmental Performance in the Nigerian Context." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 10, 2020): 8323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208323.
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To remain competitive within the present inherent business environment, there is a demand for organisations to embrace an integrated culture-behaviour for performance that enables them to adopt a critical engine for a more sustainable working environment. Organisational culture, which is a reflection of predominant valued beliefs, is expected to influence a sustainable environmental performance. Evidence abounds of several organisational activities with adverse impacts on humans and the environment. The study examines an organisation’s processes that can be incorporated as a culture to ensure a more sustainable working environment. This paper proposes the use of six organisational culture practices (core value, reporting system, task performance, clarity of roles, careful deliberations, and distinctive identity) to find out organisation values, as well as individual preferences in enhancing an immediate sustainable environment. The study selected 480 employees of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCGs) firms who are active in their organisational work processes; 358 responded, and as such, was deemed as a valid research sample. The empirical analysis was carried out using a variance-based Structural Equation Modelling with partial least squares for the path-modelling (PLS-SEM), both for the Algorithm Model, and the Bootstrapping Model with β and p-values obtained from the findings. The findings provide empirical evidence that there is a significant level of influence of organisational culture on environmental performance. However, among the organisational practices, task performance has the least influence on environmental performance. This implies that organisations should invest more in the dimensions of organisational culture with higher performance-importance, while adequate attention should be given to variables with the least influence on the target construct of environmental performance.
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Adekunle, Ibrahim, Tolulope Williams, Olatunde Omokanmi, and Serifat Onayemi. "The mediating role of institutions in the remittance-growth relationship: Evidence from Nigeria." Ekonomski anali 65, no. 227 (2020): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka2027007a.
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This study examines the mediating role of institutions in the remittance- growth relationship in Nigeria. We use autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation to establish the interaction of the variables of interest. The short-run results reveal that remittance inflows positively influence growth, probably due to the immediate injection of financial resources that an increase in remittances brings about. This effect is reinforced by improvements in regulatory quality. In contrast the long-run results reveal that, over time, remittance inflows are negatively related to growth probably due to adverse macroeconomic consequences, to a decrease in work incentives, and a decline in the motivation for technological innovation. However, the adoption of improved institutional environment is found to offset the negative long-run effect of remittances on growth, at least to some extent. Therefore, remittance receiving countries should improve the design and enforcement of laws, regulatory quality, and control over corruption, so that they can make best use of remittance inflows and other sources of external financing needed to augment domestic productivity and growth.
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Onyema, Chiemeka. "The role of the civil service in the industrialization of Nigeria." Revista Brasileira de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade 5, no. 10 (2018): 823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21438/rbgas.051102.
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The goal of berthing Nigeria's full-scale industrial revolution is yet to be achieved. All the industrial development plans have so far failed to accelerate the nation's industrialization, hence the country's low industrial base which has kept her in the league of developing nations. In fact, Nigeria has in recent times been experiencing deindustrialization, as several industries have collapsed and some others, such as Unilever and Michelin, have relocated to other countries. Several factors are responsible for Nigeria's low industrial development and they include: inadequate infrastructure (particularly, energy), poor technological base, multiple taxes and levies, and, the shortage and high cost of foreign exchange. Despite a growing body of literature on industrialization in Nigeria, not much has been written about the link between Public Service Reforms and industrialization in Nigeria. This paper examines the link between the implementation of Service Compact (Servicom) Charter and the achievement of Nigeria's industrial development policies, especially the 'Ease of Doing Business' Policy. The paper makes the case that the goal of industrializing Nigeria will not be possible without an efficient Public Service. Furthermore, the paper highlights the need for Nigerian public servants to have the right work attitude, and to be morally upright and patriotic, in order to create a business-friendly environment and to build investor confidence, so as to facilitate and accelerate the country's industrialization and overall national development. The author recommends that the Nigerian government should strengthen the implementation of the Servicom charter and also incorporate the charter into the industrialization plan.
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Vem, Linus Jonathan, Yakubu Ali Mbasua, and Makrop Davireng. "Sanctification of work and turnover of teachers under insurgency." Journal of Educational Administration 58, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-03-2019-0039.
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Purpose Sanctification of work research is still a growing area among management and educational guild of researchers. The purpose of this paper is to explore the intervening role of career satisfaction and affective commitment in the relationship between sanctification and turnover intentions among teachers in a Boko Haram infested region of Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopted a cross-sectional survey design using 375 responses out of the 600 administered questionnaires to three states within the context of this study. The usable data were analyzed using SmartPLS version 3.2.7 to evaluate the hypothesized relationships. Findings The results reveal: negative but insignificant relationship between sanctification and turnover intention; career satisfaction and affective commitment mediate the relationship between sanctification of work and employee intention to leave. Originality/value The predictive role of sanctification was proven to be insignificant under unfriendly work environment, which is contrary to the literature on the role sanctification. The mediating role of career satisfaction and affective commitment between sanctification and turnover intention is relatively new. The two constructs constitute the mechanism through which the relationships are sustained; hence the hypotheses on the indirect relationships are established.
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Adetoye, Ayoade Matthew. "Forestland-dependent households: a primary agent of deforestation in Nigeria?" Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 52, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2019-0003.
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Abstract Despite global concerns on environment particularly, issues on deforestation, there is a lack of quantitative information on deforestation drivers. The study investigates the role of farm households in deforestation process in Nigeria. Household survey data were obtained from 300 farm households with the aid of personally administered questionnaire through a multistage sampling technique. The data were used to answer a question on how farmers contribute to deforestation process in Nigeria. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Probit regression model. The results show that 64 % of the farmers gain access to cultivate already opened forestland through uncoordinated harvesting of forest trees while others still maintain sustainable forest land use practice – agroforestry. Sex (P < 0.05; β = 2.34), land security (P < 0.01; β = 2.94), personal preference for tree on farm land (P < 0.05; β = −2.45), and non-farm income (P < 0.05; β = 2.50) are factors influencing land use pattern among farm households. The study revealed that most farmers cultivate open forestland, but their continuous cultivation further enhanced forestland use change. The study concludes that rural farm households though one of the agents of forestland use change were found as opportunist and not mostly the primary agent initiating forestland use change in Nigeria. The study negates the conception of several past studies.
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Oladimeji, Olubimbola. "Psychosocial Construction Work Environment and Wellbeing in the Viability of Indigenous Construction Firms." Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production Management 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeppm-2020-0021.
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AbstractThe strategic role of indigenous construction firms (ICFs) in the development of the construction industry better construction output and infrastructural development in developing countries cannot be overemphasized. These goals may not be achieved if firms’ psychosocial construction work environment and wellbeing (PCEW) are not appraised. To this end, this study identified and assessed factors relating to PCEW in the 37 factors influencing the viability and performance of construction firms obtained from the extant literature. A sample size of 65 staff of 31 ICFs out of a total survey of 177 staff of 59 ICFs that were awarded building contracts in selected institutions in Nigeria was accessed for this study. Respondents rated each factor on a five-point Likert scale of importance and mean scores were used to rank the factors after identifying factors that are related to ICFs’ PCEW. The study identifies 14 PCEW related factors out of the 37 factors influencing the viability of ICFs and six of the top ten very important factors influencing ICFs’ viability having high factor loading are PCEW related. The factors are quality of construction work and services, availability of skilled labour, employee satisfaction, and availability of artisans and craftsmen. Steady emphasis on factors influencing PCEW of construction workers amidst various factors influencing ICFs’ viability is necessary for a healthier construction work environment and wellbeing.
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Olakunle, Osunyikanmi Pius. "Good Governance and National Development: Nigeria in Perspective." World Journal of Social Science Research 6, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v6n1p34.
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<em>Issues relating to good governance and development have been pushed to the forefront of world affairs, largely because of the wave of the democracy movement now blowing soothingly across the whole length and breadth of the international community. Good governance and development are dividends of democracy that are of great interest to the democratic family. The paper attempts to critically examine the intimate relationship between good governance and development with particular reference to Nigeria as a case study. Abundant literature on the subject matter reveals that democracy and good governance provide an enabling environment for development to take place, and that the role of political leadership in realizing all of this is critical. It is recommended, among other things, that (1) the intellectual class should be involved in the country’s development plan; (2) there is the urgent need to create a virile but flexible work force that can initiate and execute development plans; and (3) efforts must be made to embark on capacity building of all the institutions of governance so that they can perform their roles optimally for the benefit of the country.</em>
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Confalonieri, Emanuela, Cristina Giuliani, Alessandra Bongiana, and Paola Pavesi. "Storie di violenza in infanzia e adolescenza e prostituzione in etŕ adulta: quali legami?" MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA, no. 2 (June 2009): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mal2009-002008.
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- The present study, related to the one published some years ago (Confalonieri et al., 2004), is an investigation on forced prostitution and the related violence's types in immigrant women involved in streetwalking prostitution. Using the social records available by the Ufficio Stranieri (Comune di Milano), the purpose is to identify the presence of 1) childhood maltreatments or violence before the entry in sex exploitation market and 2) subsequent adult sexual revictimization from partners, pimps and clients. Data were analysed using phenomenological descriptive analysis. The relationship between childhood maltreatment and abuse and subsequent involvement in sex work is discussed comparing data and life histories of immigrant prostitutes coming from Nigeria and East Europe. The role played by social and contexual variables in sexual exploitation story are also considered.Key words: immigration, violence, prostitution, infancy, adulthood.Parole chiave: immigrazione, violenza, prostituzione, infanzia, etŕ adulta.
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Eludoyin, Elusiyan Olufemi, and Xavier Lemaire. "Work, food, rent, television: The role of lifestyles and experiences on household energy behaviour in rural Lagos, Nigeria." Energy Research & Social Science 71 (January 2021): 101820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101820.
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Ugwu, Fabian O., Ike E. Onyishi, and Alma Maria Rodríguez-Sánchez. "Linking organizational trust with employee engagement: the role of psychological empowerment." Personnel Review 43, no. 3 (April 14, 2014): 377–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-11-2012-0198.
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Purpose – This study aims to investigate the relationship between organizational trust, psychological empowerment, and employee engagement. In addition, the study seeks to test the moderating role of psychological empowerment on the relationship between trust and engagement. Design/methodology/approach – Hierarchical regression analyses were carried out on a sample of 715 employees from seven commercial banks and four pharmaceutical companies in south-eastern Nigeria who participated in the survey. Findings – The results showed that organizational trust and psychological empowerment were predictors of work engagement. There was a moderating effect of empowerment on the relationship between trust and engagement. Research limitations/implications – The findings show that organizational trust and psychological empowerment that predict positive job behaviour in Western cultures are also critical in understanding Nigerian workers ' positive organizational behaviour such as work engagement. Practical implications – For practical purposes, the results suggest that organizational trust may be a significant component of organizational interventions. Given that psychological empowerment is strongly related to work engagement, empowerment intervention programs is therefore important in building employees that would be engaged in their work. Originality/value – This study was one of the first attempts to empirically investigate the direct relationship among organizational trust, psychological empowerment and employee work engagement. Additionally, most previous studies on engagement have been conducted in developed economies of North America and Europe. This study was carried out in a Nigerian business environment where organizational behaviours have been scarcely investigated and comparing these findings with earlier studies may help further clarify the emerging work engagement concept.
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Ekpenyong, Essien Essien, Wali Ruth C., Imaobong Marcus Akpan, and Edward I. Ajang. "Community Resources for the Development of Social Studies Curriculum in Nigeria." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 64 (April 25, 2020): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.64.452.458.
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The practice of any school curriculum entails the embracing of every available resource that can enhance teaching and learning effectively. Social Studies Education by its nature of having contact with the physical, social and economic environment stands a better opportunity of tapping into the resources found around schools and their immediate communities. Be that as it may, it has been observed that this quest has not been fully actualized by those concerned thereby, contributing to the failure of meeting set goals in this area of study. This study however, takes a look at the role of community resources in teaching and learning and the underlying challenges in the effective application of these community resources in the development of Social Studies curriculum. For a better description of how these community resources can enhance effective understanding of Social Studies curriculum content, the work also gives illustrations on how these community resources can be incorporated in the teaching and learning of Social Studies concepts.
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Ezeoke, Uche Enuma, John Basco Emmanual Mamah, Anne Chigedu Ndu, Chinyere Ojiugo Mbachu, Chinyere Cecilia Okeke, and Umeobieri Ancilla Kate. "Do beverage workers in Enugu state Nigeria comply with health safety measures? A cross sectional study of two breweries." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 2880. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203358.
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Background: Some workplace accidents happen because workers fail to do their work in the safest possible way. Human beings have an innate desire to be safe, and their commitment to maintaining safe work environment is imperative for occupational health. However, employees’ contributions to workplace accident and injury is underexplored.Methods: Cross-sectional quantitative study was undertaken in two beverage industries in Enugu state. In order to observe a proportion of 50% in staff compliance to safety measures with precision of 5% and confidence level of 95%, 217 full-time employees were selected from each industry. Stratified sampling technique was used to select respondents across 5 units/departments. Data was collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: Use of any form of safety device was reportedly high among respondents, 413 (97.4%). However, only 278 (67.3%) reported using them on a daily basis. Aprons 103 (24.9%), helmets 163 (39.5%), and hand gloves 197 (47.4%) were the least commonly used safety devices. The only reason reported for inconsistent use of safety devices was discomfort. Consistent use of safety devices correlates significantly with demographic characteristics such as age, sex, level of education, length of years of work and unit/department (p<0.001), as well as previous history of workplace injury (p=0.01).Conclusions: Consistent compliance with safety measures among factory workers is suboptimal and correlates significantly with demographic characteristics and previous history of workplace injury.
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Morris, Jake, Iulia Darolti, Wouter van der Bijl, and Judith E. Mank. "High-resolution characterization of male ornamentation and re-evaluation of sex linkage in guppies." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1937 (October 21, 2020): 20201677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1677.
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Coloration plays a key role in the ecology of many species, influencing how an organism interacts with its environment, other species and conspecifics. Guppies are sexually dimorphic, with males displaying sexually selected coloration resulting from female preference. Previous work has suggested that much of guppy colour pattern variation is Y-linked. However, it remains unclear how many individual colour patterns are Y-linked in natural populations as much of the previous work has focused on phenotypes either not found in the wild, or aggregate measures such as total colour area. Moreover, ornaments have traditionally been identified and delineated by hand, and computational methods now make it possible to extract pixels and identify ornaments with automated methods, reducing the potential for human bias. Here we developed a pipeline for semi-automated ornament identification and high-resolution image analysis of male guppy colour patterns and applied it to a multigenerational pedigree. Our results show that loci controlling the presence or the absence of individual male ornaments in our population are not predominantly Y-linked. However, we find that ornaments of similar colour are not independent of each other, and modifier loci that affect whole animal coloration appear to be at least partially Y-linked. Considering these results, Y-linkage of individual ornaments may not be important in driving colour changes in natural populations of guppies, or in expansions of the non-recombining Y region, while Y-linked modifier loci that affect aggregate traits may well play an important role.
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Loesberg, Jonathan. "FIN-DE-SIÈCLE WORK ON VICTORIAN AESTHETICISM." Victorian Literature and Culture 29, no. 2 (September 2001): 521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150301002157.
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IN MASCULINE DESIRE:The Sexual Politics of Victorian Aestheticism, his study of the role of male same-sex attraction among Victorian aestheticist writers, Richard Dellamora refers to Elaine Showalter’s claim that Gerard Manley Hopkins was one of a series of writers who tried to reclaim male literary dominance from women writers in the wake of George Eliot’s death in 1880. Dellamora proposes instead what he thinks a more likely source of creative anxiety: “Insofar as he may appear at times to regard literary creativity as a male prerogative, his anxieties are better referred to a celibate homosocial environment than to the creative ascendancy of Victorian women writers” (56). But these two anxieties may not be entirely separate. Recent critical studies have shown that the mid-Victorian novel, whether written by women or men, was a form dominated by domestic and marriage plots, by the depiction of the bourgeois family and the construction of gender roles as principles of social regulation. Thus the emergence from the shadow of Eliot and the turning of aestheticist literature and art toward various alternative constructions of gender and desire — not merely new claims of masculine prerogative but also articulations by women writers of positions resistant to Victorian gender regularities — would be intimately connected.
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Anitha, S. "A Study on Prevention of Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace 2013 Act - Social Work Intervention through Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal with Special Cases Illustration." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v7i3.1526.
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Sexual Harassment is a form of unwelcome sexual behaviors and taking sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature act that tends to create a hostile environment for women at the workplace. The author is an external committee member for various companies such as manufacturing industries, garment industries, software companies, and handled several sexual harassment incident inquiries. Based on these experiences and during the inquiries employees expressed their experiences such as uncomfortable touching, starring a women continuously, commenting or joking (Sexually colored remarks), sexually explicit pictures or posters, requests for sex, intrusive questions about persons private life or body, unnecessary familiarity, insults or taunts based on sex, sexually explicit physical contact, sexually explicit chats, mails, SMS, facebook, twitter any other social media. Apart from this, in this paper illustrated a case inquiry in detail through social work perspectives.
Objectives
Transmit the social workers to create a safe working environment for women employees through taking part in ICC external Committee member
Impart the sequence of incident inquiry under the POSH ACT 2013 and how to impart awareness sessions and documentation under the act.
Social workers can play the role of external member, drafting POSH Policy for the establishment or Social workers can play the role of external member, drafting POSH Policy for the establishment orcompany or any organized or unorganized organization, conducting orientation programs for ICCmembers, providing POSH act prevention, prohibition, and redressal issues. In addition to this,the Social worker plays a foremost role in prevention, prohibition through avoiding such instanceor circumstance occurrence in the organization. Moreover, they play a very crucial role duringthe incident that has already occurred in the redressal process. Since its inception of harassment,incident reporting, inquiry, and resettlement issues will be handled by the social worker of anNGO. In this regard, social worker intrusion is very important to handle the situations and give justification to the aggrieved women.
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López-Ibort, Nieves, Delia González-de la Cuesta, Teresa Antoñanzas-Lombarte, and Ana Gascón-Catalán. "The Correlation between Leader–Member Exchange and Organisational Commitment among Spanish Registered Nurses: The Moderating Role of Sex and Hospital Size." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030721.
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The role of the supervisor in hospitals is to oversee and encourage the active work participation of registered nurses. In this context, leadership should be focused on the creation of a positive environment for the generation of high-quality care and the development of attitudes that have a beneficial influence on the work of the registered nurse. The aims of this study have been: (i) To verify if the quality of the supervisor–nurse interpersonal relationship was correlated with organisational commitment; (ii) to establish if the correlation could be moderated by empowerment, perceived organisational support, and leader–leader exchange. A cross-sectional survey with self-report questionnaires was performed. A total of 2541 registered nurses from nine public hospitals participated in the study. They completed scales measuring leader–member exchange, commitment, empowerment, perceived organisational support, and leader–leader exchange. There was a positive correlation between the quality of the leader–member exchange and commitment. Leader–leader exchange has a moderating effect on this relationship. The moderating effects of empowerment, perceived organisational support, and leader–member exchange on the supervisor–nurse interpersonal relationship and the nurse’s organisational commitment are influenced by sex and/or hospital size. Organisations should design supervisor training strategies aimed at establishing high-quality supervisor–nurse interpersonal relationships.
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Nweke Prince Onyemaechi, Micheal Temitope Elesho, Imo Onyeodiri Charity, Matthias U Agboeze, Igwe Ngozi Justina, Eze Georgina Chinagorom, Okengwu Mary Chinyere, and Nwankwo Benedict Chimezie. "Influence of social entrepreneurs on community development in Enugu west senatorial district of Enugu state, Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.11.1.0304.
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Social entrepreneurship is not a new-fangled observable fact in Nigeria. Though the practice has constantly existed, for countless reasons, the concept is gaining reputation in current years. Although the focus has been on business entrepreneurship as a tool for economic development, the light is now on social entrepreneurship, which entails attempting to serious social issues for sustainable community development. Community development efforts have met with diverse challenges that hamper sustainability of the society. The appearance of social entrepreneurship as a cross move towards positive force for transforming communities put forwards the prospects of dealing with the key challenges of lack of support by government, deficiency of financial assistant, changing environment, out of pocket work, domination by wealthy founders and philanthropists, lack of skilled manpower, poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, climate changes, health care challenges, insecurity and other social and economic issues. This paper throws light on who social entrepreneurs are what they do and the role they play in achieving sustainable community development. Using a conceptual framework defined social entrepreneurs, characteristics, principles and role of social entrepreneurs towards community development process. The paper concludes with suggestive principles that could provide an enhanced insight on the role of social entrepreneurs in community development. To enhance their impact, social entrepreneurs should involve beneficiaries trapped within socio-economic problems in the process of community development.
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Nebechukwu, Diamond Preye, and Uche C. Isiugo-Abanihe. "actors Affecting Girl-Child Education among the Kambari of Niger State, Nigeria: A Sociological Perspective." Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 18, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 19–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/njsa/0202/81(0220).
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This study examined factors that adversely affect girl-child education among the Kambari. Marx Weber’s social action theory, patriarchy and sex role theories provided the theoretical framework. Empirical data were drawn from a household survey among 1,598 respondents, comprising a pair of adult males (385) and their sons (385) and adult females (414) and their daughters (414). A multi-staged sampling technic was employed to select sample units. Two structured questionnaires were employed for the household survey. Twelve case-studies of girl-children, fourteen in-depth interviews and fifteen FGDs were also conducted among different groups. The data were subjected to descriptive, logistic regression and content analyses. The burden of domestic work, unintended teenage pregnancy, poor academic performance, parental ignorance, child-betrothal and early marriage, son preference adversely affected the girl-child’s access to education. The logistic regression shows that the odds of exhibiting discriminatory practice towards girl-child education are about 6 times higher among adult males compared to the females, 4.2 times higher among participants with no formal education, 4 times higher among adherents of traditional religion and 3 times among Muslims. Further, respondents with rigid conception of gender role are more likely to exhibit discriminatory gender practices as well as those with negative childhood experience, those from homes where men dominate in decision-making and those from homes with non-valuation of women’s participation in decision-making. A holistic approach should be adopted at all levels of government, religious and traditional institutions to address the marginalization of Kambari girl-children in accessing formal education.
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Shadare, Olusheyi A., and Samuel Emeka Mbah. "Adjustment Mechanisms of New Workers in Industrial Organisations: Implications for Nigerian Workers." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 3, no. 3 (September 3, 2013): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v3i3.4219.
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This paper adopted qualitative and theoretical method of analysis to describe adjustment mechanisms of new workers in industrial organisations in Nigeria. The purpose was to take a close theoretical analysis of different types and processes of new workers adjustments. The paper highlighted different typologies and processes of adjustments such as personal adjustment, labour–market adjustment, and adjustment to new structures, policies and new behaviours in work organisations. Empirical literature revealed that new workers adjust to work environment, to new labour policies such as pay and performance management, regular hours of work, work pressure, to new organisational structure as well as of collective bargaining outcome among others. The paper highlights reasons why work adjustments occur in organisations to include: Pay status, affiliation, ego, power, emotion and curiosity and these factors motivate new workers to increase commitment. The paper then concludes that practitioners and managers ultimately should seek to design adjustment strategies that take individual newcomer characteristics into consideration and encourage proactive behaviour such as information seeking that help facilitate the development of role clarity, self – efficacy, social acceptance and knowledge of organisational culture.
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Balogh, Renátó, and Éva Bácsné Bába. "The role of sports and well-being programmes in choosing workplaces in the future." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 11, no. 3 (November 12, 2020): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2020.00148.
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AbstractDue to recent changes in the labour market, recruitment and retaining employees have become more important than ever. Research dealing with the appearance of new generations in the labour market has found that they are less loyal to their employers, have high demands, and the key factors that they consider when choosing a job are salary, career opportunities, working environment, and work-life balance. As numerous studies in recent years have proved the importance of a healthy lifestyle in the context of labour, the question has arisen whether opportunities for sport participation and services supporting the well-being of employees have an influence on young people when they are seeking employment. We carried out an online survey to find out what students of the University of Debrecen think about the issue. The results were in line with the findings of previous studies, that is, young people look for high salaries, good working conditions, work-life balance and career opportunities when choosing a job. However, respondents did not identify sports opportunities and well-being benefits as major factors Yet, we found significant differences between different groups in terms of preference of particular factors, depending on sex, marital status, and whether someone does physical exercises regularly, and whether someone works while attending a university course or not.
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Ofor-Douglas, Stella. "University Education and Values Re-Orientation for Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria." East African Journal of Education Studies 3, no. 1 (August 17, 2021): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajes.3.1.389.
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This paper seeks to expound on the role of university education in promoting value orientation for socio-economic development in Nigeria. A quick examination of the terms of university education, value re-orientation and socio-economic development will be made in order to link how they lead to each other. With a comprehensive literature review, these terms will be viewed side by side with the opinions of various scholars to offer expert opinions on their background. University education is far more than just giving theoretical skills to students that will only be applied to their jobs in the future. Rather, the university environment can be used as a reservoir of value systems that can be passed to students so they can have improved mindsets and lifestyles that work beyond a job. The objectives of this paper are to create an understanding of the ways that are possible to achieve national socio-economic development through the university system which should make a change in its previous methods by now emphasising the necessity of value re-orientation to impact the lives of students. Through this expected impact, youths will improve mentally, emotionally and build an industrious work ethic for more than just study-related matters. They will be able to contribute immensely to changes in the nation and step by step, the country can experience a turnaround in its socio-economic development. The importance of this effort will be highlighted and issues that hinder the discovery of this paper’s goal will be deduced and allotted appropriate solutions applicable in real-life situations. Suitable suggestions will be made to give a reader practical knowledge on how to sustain the solutions provided in this paper
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Maji, Sucharita. "“Doing Men’s Jobs”: A Commentary on Work–Life Balance Issues Among Women in Engineering and Technology." Metamorphosis: A Journal of Management Research 18, no. 1 (June 2019): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972622519854887.
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Despite a steep increase in female representation in the workforce in the last decade, the gendered division of labour in the family remains broadly unaltered. Women, even who work for the same duration as their husbands in the office and contribute equally or more to the financial status of the family, often take most of the shares of childcare responsibility and domestic work. Work–family conflict is a global problem for working men and women; the struggle is even more prominent among working women, especially those who work in male-dominated sectors such as engineering and technology. Working in gender-atypical professions, females in engineering and technology face solo status and experience perceived discrimination and social identity threat. They require to put additional efforts to adjust to the work environment which, in turn, impacts their work–life balance status. The gendered work culture in engineering and technology sectors is reported to be masculine and patrifocal as a result of the skewed sex-ratio. Moreover, the study attempted to find out how the gender-role perception and identification of them, gender stigma consciousness, and role conflict may further aggravate the work–family conflicts among women engineers. In addition, the added responsibilities and conflicts that come with motherhood and their impacts on the work–life balance are discussed.
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He, Danlong. "The Culprit Hormone: The Physiological Origin of School Violence amidst Middle School Students." Science Insights Education Frontiers 7, no. 1 (October 27, 2020): 761–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/sief.20.or040.
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The increasingly severe school violence has become an influential and notorious worldwide problem. The attribution of school violence determines the formulation of coping strategies. Unlike the analysis of family, psychological and social factors, long-term front-line work and follow-up studies have found that student violence’s physiological factors in adolescence are more significant than other factors. The decisive factor leading to school violence among middle school students is the secretion of sex hormones during adolescence, so hormones mostly cause violence. Attributing school violence to “sex instinct” does not deny the role of education; on the contrary, it recognizes the crux of the problem and provides the possibility of finding effective prevention and intervention measures. Using dopamine to antagonize hormones provides a physiological basis for education and violence intervention. Strengthening physical exercise, carrying out activities where boys and girls are present simultaneously, and building a harmonious teacher-student relationship and a friendly campus environment effectively prevent middle school students from campus violence.
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Ansori, Rian Rosihan, and Tri Martiana. "HUBUNGAN FAKTOR KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DAN KONDISI PEKERJAAN TERHADAP STRES KERJA PADA PERAWAT GIGI." Indonesian Journal of Public Health 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v12i1.2017.75-84.
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Job stress is an adaptive response and feedback adjustment in a condition individuals and the environment. Dental nurses face a variety of things in their duties that can cause stress, both physically and mentally. The objectives of this research are conducted to determine whether there is a correlation between individual characteristics and conditions of employment factors to the occurrence of occupational stress. The research was conducted with cross sectional design. By filling the questionnaire conducted to 22 dental nurses. Amount of samples used total population. The independent variables were the individual characteristics (age, sex, and years of marriage) and factor conditionsof employment (demand, support, ties up job roles). The result of the research showed that there was a strong relationship between job stress with sex, there was a strong relationship between job stress with the demands of work, there was enough relationship between job stress with age, tenure, support employment, labor relations and the role of work on dental nurses. The suggestion of results this study recommends that dental nurses need off work and do refreshing, providing training to dental nurses in improving the capability and skills. Relating to the implementation of the tasks, it’d better to conductjoint training among employees. They are aimed for the sake of increasing solidarity and friendshipness among colleagues. Giving rewards to employees are also recommended for the best achievement at work.Keywords: job stress, work period, work demands
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Slonecker, Blake. "“It’s with Tokens”." Pacific Historical Review 89, no. 3 (2020): 402–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2020.89.3.402.
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This article examines the evolving relationship between the women’s liberation movement and the underground press in Seattle between 1967 and 1970, arguing that the mixed-sex alternative media belatedly embraced feminist ideals but failed to establish robust feminist institutional cultures. Prior to 1969, the hierarchical work environment and masculine aesthetic of the Helix (1967–1970) proved inhospitable to feminist critiques. Beginning in 1969, the emergence of democratic work collectives and increasing coverage of feminism at the Helix and its successor, the Sabot (1970), provided the print space for radical women to organize and confront Movement men about toxic masculinity. By analyzing the relationship between women’s liberation and the underground press in Seattle, this article illuminates the ambivalent role of the underground press in applying feminist ideals to the cultural politics of the Movement in Seattle and nationwide.
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Regis, Manuela Ferreira, Luciano Machado Ferreira Tenório de Oliveira, Ana Raquel Mendes dos Santos, Ameliane da Conceição Reubens Leonidio, Paula Rejane Beserra Diniz, and Clara Maria Silvestre Monteiro de Freitas. "Urban versus rural lifestyle in adolescents: associations between environment, physical activity levels and sedentary behavior." Einstein (São Paulo) 14, no. 4 (December 2016): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082016ao3788.
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ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior in adolescents living in urban and rural areas. Methods An epidemiological, cross-section study with quantitative design, carried out at the regional level. The sample comprised 6,234 students aged 14 to 19 years, selected using random cluster sampling. The χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used in the analysis. Results A total of 74.5% of adolescents lived in urban areas. After adjustment, rural residents spent less time watching television (odds ratio – OR: 0.45; 95% confidence interval – 95%CI: 0.39-0.52), using a computer and/or playing video games (OR: 0.30; 95%CI: 0.22-0.42), or sitting down (OR: 0.66; 95%CI: 0.54-0.80); chose passive leisure less often (OR: 0.83; 95%IC: 0.72-0.95) and were less likely to be classified as insufficiently active (OR: 0.88; 95%IC: 0.78-0.99) when compared to urban residents, regardless of sex or age. The fact that adolescents living in rural areas who did not work were more likely to be classified as insufficiently active (OR: 2.59; 95%CI: 2.07-3.24) emphasized the significant role of occupation in physical activity levels in this group. Conclusion Adolescents living in rural areas were less exposed to the sedentary behaviors, chose more active leisure, and had higher levels of physical activity. Place of residence and occupation may play a major role in youth lifestyle.
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Sabirzianova, Liliia, Polina Anipchenko, Anatolii Yashin, Vladimir Ponamarev, Vera Kriukova, Nadezhda Kuznetsova, Alexander Lunegov, Nadezhda Andreeva, Flura Alistratova, and Veronika Guseva. "PSVI-21 Peculiarities of the manifestation of bronchial asthma in cats in metropolis environment." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.439.
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Abstract Up to the present days the peculiarities of the manifestation of bronchial asthma in cats is studied insufficiently. Available scientific literature is limited, there are only some facts posted on the websites of private veterinary clinics, but it doesn’t play role of clinically proven scientific facts. The aim of the work—to study peculiarities of the bronchial asthma pathological process and clinical signs in metropolis environment. Experimental group included 35 cats, of different breed, sex and age groups, all of them examined with symptoms of bronchial asthma in private veterinary clinic “Sotnikov Veterinary Clinic,” Russie Saint-Petersburg, during period from. Using basis clinical examination methods – anamnesis, thermometry, pulse and breath rate calculation, auscultation and percussion — were stated following principal clinical signs and pathological process peculiarities, expressed in percentage, which we present in our results. Dyspnea was noted in 25.0%, cough – in 84.0%, general condition: without visible changes 84%, the depressed state - 16%. Among the patients, males predominated – 62.1%, females 37.9%. Clinical signs of bronchial asthma within single-breed group of cats did not exceed 6.7%, and 55.0% of animals were mongrel cats. Most of the animals were predisposed to asthma at the age of 1–5 years, which together makes up about 50.0% of the diseased animals. In cats over 10 years of age, no symptoms of asthma have been identified. About seasonal dependence, this pathology was registered in 3/4 cases in winter-spring period, mainly in January and March, which together accounted for 41.4% of the total number of such animals. So, cold season time provoke disease recurrence. In conclusion, it is essential to underline that 80% of examined cats were not vaccinated against infections. The features of the manifestation of bronchial asthma of cats depend on their sex, age, breed and season of the year.
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Coe, Jesse L., Lauren Micalizzi, Brittney Josefson, Stephanie H. Parade, Ronald Seifer, and Audrey R. Tyrka. "Sex differences in associations between early adversity, child temperament, and behavior problems." International Journal of Behavioral Development 44, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 490–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025420912012.
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Early adversity is associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems among children, and effects of adversity on dimensions of child temperament may underlie these links. However, very little is known about the role of child sex in these processes. The current study examined whether there are indirect effects of early adversity on behavior problems through dimensions of child temperament and whether these indirect effects vary across child sex. Participants in this multimethod (parent-report survey, semistructured interview, child protection records) study included 274 preschool-aged children ( M age = 50.86 months; 52% with documented case of moderate to severe maltreatment) and their primary caregivers assessed at two time points spaced 6 months apart. Results of multigroup path analyses revealed that while anger mediated associations between lifetime stress and behavior problems for the full sample, inhibitory control and appropriate attentional allocation were significant intermediary mechanisms of lifetime stress for boys, but not for girls. Inhibitory control mediated associations between maltreatment and behavior problems for the full sample, but appropriate attentional allocation mediated these associations for boys only. Results suggest that early adversity influences child behavior problems through child temperament, particularly for boys. This work supports the perspective that temperament is influenced by characteristics of the early rearing environment, and the indirect effects of adversity on behavior problems through temperament vary across sex.
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Zayed, J., S. Ducic, G. Campanella, J. C. Panisset, P. André, H. Masson, and M. Roy. "Facteurs environnementaux dans l'étiologie de la maladie de Parkinson." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 17, no. 3 (August 1990): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100030584.
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ABSTRACT:We examined the role of the environment in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). A group of 42 parkinsonians have been compared with a group of 84 matched controls. The epidemiological study (1987-1989) covered the territory of the Community Health Department of Valleyfield, in southern Quebec (Canada). Odds ratio adjusted for age and sex were calculated for seven environmental factors. A decreased risk for PD was associated with residence in rural areas (OR: 0.31; p ≤ 0.05) and residence near industry or mining (OR: 0.15; p ≤ 0.05). An increased risk for PD seems to be associated with occupational exposure to the three metals Mn, Fe and Al (OR: 2.28; p = 0.07) especially when the duration of exposure is longer than 30 years (OR: 13.64; p ≤ 0.05). Other environmental factors not found to be associated with PD were: pesticides manipulation, farm work, industrial work and well water consumption.
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Eze, Ukamaka U., Ikenna O. Ezeh, Terry A. Nzeakor, Samuel C. Attama, Ekene V. Ezenduka, and Denchris N. Onah. "Prevalence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium spp. infection in local breed of dogs in Enugu State, Nigeria." Veterinary World 12, no. 5 (May 2019): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.729-734.
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Aims: Cryptosporidiosis is an important zoonotic disease of major public and veterinary concern. The disease affects humans and a variety of animal species including the domestic dog. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium spp. infection in local breed of dogs from different homes and those presented at veterinary hospitals and clinics in Enugu State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 203 fresh fecal samples were collected from domestic dogs in six local government areas in Enugu State from February 2015 to August 2015. All the samples were examined using the formol-ether sedimentation method. Fecal smears were then stained by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique and examined under direct light microscopy. Results: A total of 74 (36.5%) dogs were infected with Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. There was a strong association (p<0.05) between the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and management practices. However, there was no statistically significant association (p>0.05) between the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and age, sex, and fecal consistency. Conclusion: The findings of this work suggest that domestic dogs in Enugu State harbor and shed Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in the environment, especially those managed semi-intensively. Such fecal shedding is particularly so and of greater zoonotic and epidemiological importance in animals that do not show clinical signs and therefore not treated. They, therefore, pose a greater public health risk, especially to immune-compromised humans and animals. Public education on the zoonotic implication of this protozoan infection is of paramount importance in Enugu State, in particular, and Nigeria, in general, considering the closeness of dogs and man.
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AJALA, E. M., and I. M. OJEDOKUN. "EFFECTIVENESS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH INTERVENTION PROGRAMME ON WORK PLACE ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AND STRESS MANAGEMENT AMONG NURSES IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA." Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts 11, no. 1 (November 22, 2017): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1664.
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The nurse’s role has long been regarded as stress filled based on the physical labour human suffering, work hours, staffing and interpersonal relationships that are central to the work nurses do. Occupational stress is thus, a recognized problem among health care workers in general. Nursing has therefore been identified as an occupation that has high level of risks and stress in the work place environment. Therefore the study investigated the effects of occupational health intervention programme on environmental risks and stress management of staff nurses in South-west Nigeria. A pretest, posttest, control group, quasi-experimental research design was adopted. Two hundred and twenty five (225) respondents were selected for the study. One hundred and twelve (112) respondents were used as experimental group while one hundred and thirteen (113) respondents were used as control group. Fish bowl method was used for grouping the participants into experimental and control groups respectively. A self-developed questionnaire tagged ‘Occupational Health Intervention Programme, Environmental Risks and Stress Management Questionnaire OHIPERSMQ’ with a reliability coefficient of 0.88 was used. The experimentation lasted 8 weeks. Analysis was done using ANCOVA and Multiple Classification Analysis. Hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level. Findings revealed that occupational health intervention programme has significant effect on risk management knowledge of staff nurses. The experimental group had mean = 4.44, better than the control group that had mean = 2.92. Also, occupational health intervention programme had significant effect on stress management knowledge of nurses with experimental group mean = 7.78, better than the control group mean = 2.36. Based on these findings, it was recommended that medical social workers should ensure that nurses participate in educational training in skills associated with risk reduction, stress reduction and safety promotion so as to guarantee their wellbeing and good job performance.
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Aladeniyi, Isaac, Oladele Vincent Adeniyi, Olufunmilayo Fawole, Mary Adeolu, Daniel Ter Goon, Anthony Idowu Ajayi, and Eyitayo O. Owolabi. "Pattern and correlates of obesity among public service workers in Ondo State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study." South African Family Practice 59, no. 2 (December 5, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v59i6.4621.
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Background: Obesity is the third leading cause of mortality and has become a global epidemic. There is a continuous increase in its prevalence both in the developed and in developing countries. Obesity is closely associated with chronic health conditions, thus increasing the overall burden of disease and disability at the population level. Several factors have been identified as contributors to the obesity epidemic, and may include the work environment and lifestyle behaviours. This study sought to determine the correlates of obesity among public service workers in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Method: This was a cross-sectional study involving 4 828 public civil service workers across 47 ministries, departments and agencies in Ondo State, Nigeria. Relevant demographic and lifestyle measures were obtained using the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise Questionnaire. Height and weight were measured using standardised procedures. Obesity and overweight were defined according to the WHO Criteria as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m2 and 25–29.9 kg/m2, respectively. Bivariate and multivariate (logistic regression models) analyses were used to determine the significant predictors of obesity.
Results: Of the total participants (n = 4828), there was a male to female ratio of 1:1 (male = 2 299 and female = 2 529). One in every five participants was found to be obese with 55% of the participants having a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. In the bivariate analysis, female sex (p < 0.000), age above 41 years (p < 0.000), post-primary education level (p < 0.001), marriage (p < 0.000), no alcohol consumption (p < 0.001), diabetes (p < 0.000) as well as hypertension (p < 0.000) were significantly associated with obesity. In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for confounders, only female sex (AOR = 5.7, CI = 4.7–6.9), age (AOR = 1.4, CI = 1.1–1.8), level of education (AOR = 0.8, CI = 0.7–0.9), marital status (AOR = 2.1, CI = 1.7–2.), alcohol consumption (AOR = 0.7, CI = 0.5–0.9), diabetes mellitus (AOR = 0.7, CI = 0.5–0.9) and hypertension (AOR = 0.5, CI = 0.4–0.6) were the significant and independent predictors of obesity.
Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of obesity among public service workers in Akure, Nigeria, possibly attributed to ageing, being of female gender, being married, and having other non-communicable diseases. A well-implemented workplace policy focusing on integrated screening for obesity and non-communicable diseases should be prioritised in Nigeria.
(Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp)
S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2017.1333784